一切經音義 45

English (machine translation) 45

Language: English

Sūtra on the Bodhisattva's Internal Cultivation, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra on the Bodhisattva Throwing His Body to the Hungry Tigress, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra of the Buddha Lion Moon, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra on the Eight Awakenings of Great Beings, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra of the Elder Fazhi, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra of the King of the Sāla Kingdom, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra of the Woman Āmtīcarī, 1 fascicle (no glossed characters);
Ten Auspicious Signs Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra on the Total Extinction of the Dharma, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra of the Sage Sarvajñaprabha, 1 fascicle (no glossed characters);
Sūtra of the Profound Great Transference of Merit, 1 fascicle (no glossed characters);
Sūtra of Prince Virūḍhaka of the Heavenly King, 1 fascicle;
Sūtra on the Three Grades of Disciples, 1 fascicle (no glossed characters);
Sūtra on the Four Classes [of Monastics], 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha on Future Changes, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Vajrasamādhi-sūtra, 2 fascicles (Huilin);
Indestructible Diamond Samādhi Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Twelve Dhūta Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra on the Buddha's Piṇḍapāta, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra on the Permanence of the Dharma, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra of King Dīrghāyus, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra on the Dharma Gate of Pure Practice for Upāsikās, 2 fascicles (Huilin);
The above are singly translated Mahāyāna sūtras; below are the Mahāyāna Vinaya texts:
Bodhisattvabhūmi Sūtra, 10 fascicles (Xuanying);
Bodhisattva Good Precepts Sūtra, 9 fascicles;
Sūtra on Purifying Karmic Hindrances, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Upāsaka Precept Sūtra, 7 fascicles (Huilin);
Brahma Net Sūtra, 2 fascicles (Huilin);
Sūtra on Receiving the Ten Good Precepts, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Buddhadhātupiṭaka Sūtra, 4 fascicles (Huilin);
Bodhisattva Necklace of Original Karmas Sūtra, 2 fascicles (Huilin);
Bodhisattva Precept Sūtra, 2 fascicles (Huilin);
Karmavācanā for the Bodhisattva Precepts, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Bodhisattvapiṭaka Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Bodhisattva Good Precepts Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Bodhisattva Internal Precepts Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Upāsaka Five Precepts Deportment, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Mañjuśrī Pure Vinaya Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Pure Vinaya Vaipulya Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra of the Calming Tone, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Three Heaps Repentance Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Five Dharmas Repentance Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra on Receiving the Bodhicitta Precepts, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Supreme Vehicle Sūtra on Receiving Precepts, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Sūtra on Entering Abhiṣeka to Receive Precepts, 1 fascicle (no glossed characters);
Samantabhadra Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Xuanying);
Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha on Bodhisattvas Receiving the Poṣadha, 1 fascicle;
Mañjuśrī's Confession of Faults Sūtra, 1 fascicle;
Śāriputra's Confession of Faults Sūtra, 1 fascicle;
Dharmavinaya Samādhi Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
Daśakuśalakarmapatha Sūtra, 1 fascicle (Huilin);
The sounds of the above 50 sūtras in 81 fascicles are glossed in this fascicle.

45.3

Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha on the Bodhisattva's Internal Cultivation of the Six Pāramitās

45.4

Huilin

45.5

依著 [Rely upon and cling to] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie yǐ + xī [yī]. Wang Su's commentary on the Book of Documents states: "Yī means to assist." The commentary to the Mao Classic of Poetry states: "Yī means to rely on." The gloss states: "To speak of yī means to love." The Shuowen states: "It takes 'rén' (人) as its semantic classifier and 'yī' (衣) as its phonetic component." The sūtra text writes it with 'quǎn' (犬) as '猗'; examining the Shuowen, that means a castrated dog, which is completely contrary to the meaning in the sūtra; it is pronounced like jiè [jiè]. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie wén + lüè [wò]).

45.6

Sūtra on the Avadāna of the Bodhisattva Throwing His Body to the Hungry Tigress and Erecting a Stūpa

45.7

Huilin

45.8

𧗳𧷓 [Hawk and sell] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie xuán + juàn [xuàn], and also pronounced like juàn [xuàn]. The Shuowen states: "𧗳 means to walk about early in the morning hawking wares. It takes 'xíng' (行) and 'yán' (言)." It is sometimes written as '衒' or '䝮'. The second character is the orthodox character for mài [to sell]).

45.9

妄瞤 [Involuntary twitching] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie rùn + lún [shùn]. The Shuowen states: "Shùn means the twitching of the eye. It takes 'mù' (目) as its semantic classifier and 'rùn' (閏) as its phonetic component").

45.10

䖧螫 [Sting] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie zhǎn + liè [zhé]. The Boya states: "䖧 also means to sting." The Guangya states: "䖧 means pain." It is sometimes written as '蜇'. The Gujin zhengzi states: "It takes 'chóng' (䖝) as its semantic classifier and 'dàn' (旦) as its phonetic component." The second character is pronounced with the fanqie shēng + zhī [shì]. The Shuowen states: "An insect administering venom. It takes 'chóng' (䖝) as its semantic classifier and 'shè' (赦) as its phonetic component").

45.11

柱頰 [Prop up the cheeks] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie zhū + lǚ [zhù]. The Kaosheng states: "To obstruct and resist; also to prop up." The Shuowen states: "It takes 'mù' (木) as its semantic classifier and 'zhǔ' (主) as its phonetic component").

45.12

蹠踐 [Tread and trample] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie zhī + shí [zhí]. The Huainanzi states: "Birds beat the empty air and fly, while beasts tread the solid ground and run." Xu Shuzhong's commentary states: "Zhí means to step on; to walk." The Shuowen states: "It takes 'zú' (足) as its semantic classifier and 'shù' (庶) as its phonetic component." The sūtra text writes it with 'lù' (鹿) as '蹗', which is an error).

45.13

𣦢跛 [Crippled and lame] (pronounced with the fanqie bìng + pì [bì]. The Kaosheng states: "𣦢 means that one's leg is completely withered and unable to walk." The Yunlüe states: "Bǒ means unable to walk." The Shuowen states: "It takes 'zhǐ' (止) as its semantic classifier and 'pì' (辟) as its phonetic component." The sūtra text writes it with 'zú' (足) as '躃', which is an error; it is sometimes written as '躄', which can be used interchangeably).

45.14

Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha on the Jātaka of the Buddha Lion Moon (no characters to gloss or explain)

45.15

Sūtra on the Eight Awakenings of Great Beings

45.16

危脆 [Perilous and fragile] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie quán + suì [cuì]).

45.17

罪藪 [Marsh of sins] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie sū + zǒu [sǒu]. Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou states: "A marsh without water is called a sǒu." The Gujin zhengzi states: "It takes 'cǎo' (艸) as its semantic classifier and 'shù' (數) as its phonetic component"; '艸' is pronounced like cǎo [grass]).

45.18

熾然 [Blazing fiercely] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie chǐ + zhì [chì]. The commentary to the Mao Classic of Poetry states: "Chì means flourishing." Gu Yewang states: "Fierce fire." The Shuowen states: "It takes 'zhī' (戠) and 'huǒ' (火)"; '戠' is pronounced like zhí).

45.19

Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha on the Wife of the Elder Fazhi

45.20

焜煌 [Brilliant and glittering] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie hú + běn [kūn]. Guo Pu's commentary on the Fangyan states: "Kūnhuáng denotes a flourishing appearance." The Shuowen states: "Kūn also means huáng [brilliant]. It takes 'huǒ' (火) as its semantic classifier and 'kūn' (昆) as its phonetic component." The second character is pronounced like huáng [huáng]. The Cang Jie pian states: "Huánghuáng means bright." The Shuowen states: "Radiant. It takes 'huǒ' (火) as its semantic classifier and 'huáng' (皇) as its phonetic component").

45.21

Sūtra of the Kingdom of Sāla

45.22

Compiled by Huilin

45.23

鸉鳥 [Yáng-bird] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie yǎng + jiāng [yáng]. The Erya states: "It is the bái-[què]-bird." Guo Pu states: "It resembles a hawk with a white rump." It is sometimes written as '鶍'. The orthodox character now takes 'niǎo' (鳥) as its semantic classifier and 'yáng' (昜) as its phonetic component. The sūtra text writes it with 'yáng' (羊) as '鴹', which is incorrect).

45.24

門閫 [Threshold of a gate] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie kūn + wěn [kǔn]. Zheng's commentary on the Book of Rites states: "Kǔn is the doorpost/threshold." The Shuowen writes it as '梱', taking 'mù' (木) as its semantic classifier and 'kùn' (困) as its phonetic component. Writing it with 'mén' (門) as '閫' is also interchangeable).

45.25

Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha on Āmtīcarī (no characters to gloss)

45.26

Ten Auspicious Signs Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha (no characters to gloss or explain)

45.27

Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha on the Total Extinction of the Dharma

45.28

Compiled by Huilin

45.29

無央 [Boundless / endless] (pronounced with the fanqie yuē + jiāng [yāng]. Wang's commentary on the Songs of Chu states: "Yāng means not yet ended." The Guangya states: "Yāng means enduring." The Shuowen states: "It takes 'kǒu' (𠮞) and has 'dà' (大) as phonetic." The sūtra text writes it with 'gé' (革) as '鞅', pronounced with the fanqie yāng + yǎng [yǎng], which is completely contrary to the meaning in the sūtra and is not adopted here; '𠮞' is pronounced with the fanqie guǐ + yíng [jiǒng]).

45.30

擯出 [Cast out / banish] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie bì + lìn [bìn]. The Wenzi jilüe states: "To banish to distant regions." Zhuangzi states: "Bìn means to discard." The Wenzi dianshuo states: "It takes 'shǒu' (手) as its semantic classifier and 'bīn' (賓) as its phonetic component." The sūtra text writes it with 'dǎi' (歹) as '殯', which is the character for bìn [entombment] and is not the meaning of the sūtra).

45.31

墾殖 [Cultivate and multiply] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie kě + hěn [kěn]. The Cang Jie pian states: "Kěn means to plow." Guo's commentary on the Fangyan states: "To plow and cultivate using effort." The Gujin zhengzi states: "It takes 'tǔ' (土) as its semantic classifier and 'kěn' (豤) as its phonetic component." The sūtra text writes it with 'quǎn' (犬) as '墾', which is a vulgar character. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie chéng + lì [zhí]. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan states: "Zhí means to grow." The Cang Jie pian states: "Zhí means to breed / proliferate." Dictionaries state: "To plant." The Shuowen states: "It takes 'è' (歺) as its semantic classifier and 'zhí' (直) as its phonetic component"; '豤' is pronounced with the fanqie kūn + běn [kěn]; '歺' is pronounced like jīn).

45.32

Short and brief (短促: the upper character is duān + luǎn [duǎn]. The Cangjie pian says: "Duǎn means brief (促)." The Shuowen says: "Not long." It is formed with shǐ 矢 ("arrow") and dòu 豆 ("bean"). The sūtra text writes it with radical shǒu 扌 as 𢭃, which is incorrect).

45.33

Calm and tranquil (憺怕: the upper character is tán + làn [dàn]; the lower is pēng + bó [pà]. Gu Yewang says: "Dàn means tranquil (恬)." Wang Yi says: "Peaceful." The Guangya says: "Pà means quiet." The Shuowen says: "Pà means non-action (wuwei)." Both characters are formed with xīn 心 ("heart"), with zhān 詹 and bái 白 as phonetic components. The sūtra text writes it as 惔, which is an error).

45.34

Sūtra on the Causes and Conditions of All-Knowing Radiance for Not Eating Meat (no pronunciations or glosses of characters).

45.35

Sūtra on the Profound Great Dedication of Merit Preached by the Buddha (no pronunciations or explanations of characters).

45.36

Sūtra of Pīluo, Prince of the Heavenly King (no pronunciations or glosses of characters).

45.37

Sūtra Preached by the Buddha on the Three Grades of Disciples (this sūtra has no pronunciations or glosses of characters).

45.38

Sūtra Preached by the Buddha on the Four Assemblies

45.39

Compiled by Huilin

45.40

Mock and deceive (戲譺: the lower character is yí + jì [yì]. The Cangjie pian says: "𧭐 means to deceive." The Guangya says: "To tease." The Shuowen says: "To mistake." It is formed with yán 言 ("speech") and yí 疑 as phonetic component).

45.41

Glance aside and gaze (眄睞: the upper character is mián + biàn [miǎn]. The Shuowen says: "Miǎn means to look askance, or one eye partially closed." It is formed with mù 目 ("eye") and gài 丐 as phonetic component; the sūtra writes 䀎, which is a popular form. The lower character is lái + dài [lài]. The Guangya says: "Lài means to look." The Shuowen says: "Pupils not straight." It is formed with mù 目 and lái 來 as phonetic component).

45.42

Beat and scold (檛罵: the upper character is tuò + guā [zhuā]. The Shenglei says: "Zhuā means to flog." The Gujin zhengzi says: it is formed with mù 木 ("wood") and guò 過 as phonetic component. Tuò is zhú + guā [zhuā]).

45.43

Sūtra Preached by the Buddha on Future Changes

45.44

Compiled by Huilin

45.45

Distressed and grieved (悒慼: the upper character is yīn + jí [yì]. Wang [Yi's] commentary on the Chuci says: "Yì means sorrowful;" another commentary says: "To sigh." The Shuowen says: it is formed with xīn 心 ("heart") and yì 邑 as phonetic component).

45.46

Vajrasamādhi-sūtra, Fascicle One

45.47

Compiled by Huilin

45.48

Kṣānti (羼提: Sanskrit; chách + xiàn [chàn]).

45.49

Vast and broad (恢廓: the upper character is kǔ + huí [huī]. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "Vast." The Shuowen says: it is formed with xīn 心 ("heart") and huī 灰 as phonetic component; the character huī is formed with huǒ 火 ("fire") and hǎn 厂).

45.50

Amala (唵摩羅: the upper character is wū + gǎn [ǎn]; Sanskrit name for consciousness [amalavijñāna]).

45.51

Avaivartika (阿鞞拔致: the lower character is bì + mí [bá]; Sanskrit for non-retrogression).

45.52

Sea tortoise (海𪓾: the lower character is wú + gāo [áo]; a giant sea turtle in the Eastern Sea. Its body is extraordinarily large, its back resembling a mountain range. Thus Zhuangzi's fable relates that a man of the Longbo Kingdom hooked a giant turtle, which is this creature. The sūtra uses it as a metaphor for the mind-king. Another book writes the character jī 激 with radical shuǐ 水, which is the name of a river and not the meaning of the sūtra; it should be written with radical mǐn 黽).

45.53

Fascicle Two

45.54

Icchantika (闡提: the upper character is chāng + yǎn [chǎn]. Sanskrit, here translated as "a person devoid of a good mind").

45.55

Like mirage water (如陽燄水: [yàn] is yè + jiàn. The heat shimmer during hot times; seen from afar it resembles rippling water. A thirsty deer becomes confused and deluded, chasing after it, but ultimately finds no water. This is a metaphor for the mind of ordinary people, which fluctuates and wanders ceaselessly following false conceptualizations, ultimately gaining nothing).

45.56

Sūtra on the Inherent Nature Purity, Indestructibility, and Imperishability of the Diamond Samādhi

45.57

Huilin

45.58

Maṇi radiance (摩尼豓: the lower character is yán + jiàn [yàn]; the name of a samādhi. The sūtra writes 艶, which is a popular character).

45.59

Upon the forehead (𬱃上: the upper character is yá + gé [é]. The Fangyan says: "É means forehead (顙)." The Shuowen says: it is formed with yè 頁 ("head") and gè 各 as phonetic component. The sūtra writes it with kè 客 as 額, which is a popular character).

45.60

Sūtra Preached by the Buddha on the Twelve Dhūtas

45.61

Huilin

45.62

Banish someone (擯人: bì + lìn [bìn]. Fully explained earlier in the Sūtra on the Ultimate Extinction of the Dharma. The sūtra writes it with radical rén 亻 as 儐; bīn means to assist, which contradicts the sūtra's meaning).

45.63

Bird droppings (鳥𦳊: the lower character is shī + ěr [shǐ]. The Gujin zhengzi says: "𦳊 means excrement." It is formed with cǎo 艸 ("grass") and the abbreviated phonetic component [鬯-匕+((氘-气)@二)]. Sometimes written as 屎, which is a popular and erroneous character. The sūtra text writes 𡱁; 𡱁 means stale or old, with the meaning of discarded. [鬯-匕+((氘-气)@二)] is the ancient character for stomach (胃)).

45.64

Abdominal fat and skin (肪膚: the upper character is fǎng + wáng [fáng]. The Kaosheng says: "Fáng is the fat in the belly." The Shuowen says: "Fáng means grease (𦘺)." It is formed with ròu 肉 ("flesh") and fāng 方 as phonetic component).

45.65

Brain membrane (腦膜: the upper character is náo + lǎo [nǎo]. The Gujin zhengzi says: "Nǎo is the marrow inside the head." It is formed with ròu 肉 ("flesh") and [甾-十+乂] as phonetic component. The lower character is máng + bó [mò]. The Shuowen says: "Membrane between the flesh." It is formed with radical ròu [冉-工+又] and mò 莫 as phonetic component. Náo is nú + dāo [náo]).

45.66

Sūtra Preached by the Buddha on Jyotiṣka

45.67

Dim and gloomy (黤黲: wū + gǎn [yǎn]. The Kaosheng says: "Yǎncǎn means not clear or bright." Wang [Yi's] commentary on the Chuci says: "Yǎn also means dim." The Shuowen says: "Dark green or black." It is formed with hēi 黑 ("black") and yǎn 奄 as phonetic component).

45.68

Rebellious and perverse (撩戾: the upper character has the sound liǎo; the lower has the sound lì).

45.69

Waist and hips (腰髖: the upper character is yǎo + xiāo [yāo]; also written as 𦝫. The lower is kuǎn + xiāng [kuān]. The Picang says: "Kuān means the buttocks." The Kaosheng says: "The hip bone." The Shuowen has the same meaning; it is formed with gǔ 骨 ("bone") and kuān 寬 as phonetic component. It is also written as 臗).

45.70

Unsteady and feeble (娿婆: the upper character is wū + kě [ē]; the lower is pú + wǒ [pó]. Examining the sūtra text, it says "waist and hips ēpó," meaning incapable of supporting oneself. This is borrowing the sounds to convey the meaning, without letting the literal characters impair the intended sense; stubbornly clinging to the character would diverge greatly from the principle).

45.71

Thatched hut (庵屋: the upper character is wū + hán [ān]. The Guangya says: "Ān means a hut." The Shuowen says: it is formed with guǎng 广 ("shelter") and yǎn 奄 as phonetic component. The sūtra text writes it with radical cǎo 草 as 菴; ān[lǘ] is the name of an herb, so it is an error).

45.72

Small cooking pot (鎢錥: the upper character is wū + hú [wū]; the lower is yú + liù [yù]. The Picang says: "Wūmǎ is a small cauldron." The Guangya says: "A wūyù is called a cuòluó." The Gujin zhengzi is the same. Both characters are formed with jīn 金 ("metal"), with wū 烏 and yù 育 as phonetic components. Mǎ is pronounced mǎng; cuò is cái + gē [cuò]; luó is lì + gē [luó]).

45.73

Sūtra Preached by the Buddha on Past Piṇḍapāta

45.74

Longing and reluctant to leave (戀嫪: the upper character is lì + zhuǎn [liàn]; the lower is láo + dào [lào]. The Guangya says: "Lào means jealousy." The Shenglei says: "Lào means grudging, referring to being so attached that one cannot leave." The Shuowen says: it is formed with nǚ 女 ("woman") and liù 翏 as phonetic component. Liù is lì + yào [liào]).

45.75

Washing pitcher (澡瓶: the upper character is zāo + lǎo [zǎo]. The sūtra writes it as 滲, which is a popular character).

45.76

Trickling droplets (潺滴: the upper character is chá + xián [chán]. Wang [Yi's] commentary on the Chuci says: "Chánchán is the appearance of flowing water." The Gujin zhengzi says: it is formed with shuǐ 水 ("water") and chán 孱 as phonetic component; the sound of chán is the same as above. The lower character is dīng + lì [dī]. The Kaosheng says: water dripping).

45.77

Sūtra Preached by the Buddha on the Permanence of the Dharma (this sūtra has no pronunciations or glosses of characters). Sūtra of King Dīrghāyus

45.78

Compiled by Huilin

45.79

Seek and enlist (募求: the upper character is mó + bù [mù]. The Cangjie pian says: "To seek." The Shuowen says: "To seek broadly." It is formed with lì 力 ("strength") and mò 莫 as phonetic component).

45.80

Beg and entreat (𠧒匃: gāi + ài [gài]. The Kaosheng says: "To seek." Gu Yewang says: "Gài means to beg." The Shuowen also says: "To beg." When a person lacks property, they beg, hence it is formed with rén 人 ("person") and wáng 亾 ("destitute"). The sūtra text writes 丐, which is incorrect).

45.81

Patrol the park (徇園: the upper character is xún + jùn [xùn]. The Kaosheng says: "Xùn means to seek, or to follow." Gu Yewang says: "Xùn means even." The Shuowen says: it is formed with chì 彳 and xún 旬 as phonetic component. Chì is chǒu + chì [chì]).

45.82

Sūtra on the Upāsaka Teaching of Pure Practice, Fascicle One

45.83

Huilin

45.84

King of [Malla?] (㮈王: the upper character is nǎi + dài [nài]. Sanskrit country name. The sūtra writes 奈, which is the same).

45.85

Penetrate thoroughly (遠[徹-育+((糸-ㄠ+云)/肉)]: the lower character is chán + liè [chè]. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Analects says: "Chè means to penetrate." The Guoyu says: "Chè is like clear." The Shuowen says: it is formed with chì 彳, zhī 支, and [〦/ㄙ/尚] as phonetic component. The sūtra writes it with shǒu 手 as 撤; chè means to strip away, which is not the sūtra's meaning).

45.86

Fat and grease (肪膏: the upper character has the sound fāng. Already explained earlier in the Sūtra on the Twelve Dhūtas. The current sūtra text writes 𩨣, which is incorrect).

45.87

Viseṣa (毘羶闍: the upper character is shè + zhān [shān]; Sanskrit).

45.88

Wink at each other (俱眴: the lower character is xuán + juàn [xuàn]. Wang [Yi's] commentary on the Chuci says: "Xuàn is the appearance of looking." Gu Yewang says: "Like people today signaling secretly by moving their eyes." The Shuowen says: "Movement of the eyes." It is formed with mù 目 ("eye") and xuàn 䀏 as phonetic component; xuàn has the same sound as above).

45.89

Bottom of the box (匳底: the upper character is lián + zhān [lián]. The Kaosheng says: "A lián is like a box with ridges and joints, used to store things." The Gujin zhengzi says: a utensil for holding incense or mirrors. It is formed with fāng 匚 ("box") and qiān 僉 as phonetic component; also written as [(筐-王+僉)*殳]. Fāng has the sound fāng. The sūtra writes 匳, which is a popular and incorrect character).

45.90

Pass through transformations (展轉: the upper character is zhé + niǎn [zhǎn]. Examining zhǎnzhuǎn: it refers to traces of things successively causing one another and rolling forward in transformation. The Kaosheng says: to extend, to go to. The correct form is written with radical 㠭 as 𧝑; writing it as 展 nowadays is corrupt. 㠭 has the same sound as above).

45.91

Fascicle Two

45.92

Woollen rug (氍毹: first character [氍] is ju plus ju fanqie [jù]; second character [毹] is shu plus ju fanqie [shū]. The Shenglei says: "Qu-shu are patterned woollen textiles." The Guangya says: "Patterned felt rugs." The Kaosheng says: "Woven wool forming ornate patterns." In the Gujin zhengzi, both characters have the 'fur/wool' radical [毛] with 'qu' [瞿] and 'yu' [俞] as the phonetic components. In the sūtra it is written 氀, pronounced lü plus zhu fanqie [lǘ], which is an incorrect pronunciation).

45.93

Linen (芻摩: first character [芻] is ce plus yu fanqie [chū]. In Sanskrit [kṣauma]. In the sūtra it is written 蒭, which is a vulgar character form).

45.94

Eyelash (目䀹: second character [䀹] is jian plus ye fanqie [jié]. The Gujin zhengzi says: "The hair next to the eyes." It has the 'eye' radical [目] and 'jia' [夾] as phonetic. It is also written 睫. In the sūtra it is written 𥇒, which is an error).

45.95

Cheerful and joyful (熈怡: first character [熈] is xi plus ji fanqie [xī]. Already explained earlier under Fascicle 40, the Xinming jing).

45.96

Bodhisattvabhūmi-śāstra (Dichi lun), Fascicle One

45.97

Compiled by Xuanying

45.98

Venerable senior (耆㝛: first character [耆] is ju plus yi fanqie [qí]. The Liji says: "At sixty one is called qi." The Shiming says: "Qi means to command (zhi [指]); it means directing affairs and sending people, without taking on manual tasks oneself." Su [㝛/宿] means of long standing).

45.99

Entertainer (倡伎: first character [倡] is chi plus yang fanqie [chāng]. The Shuowen says: "Chang means music." The Cangjie pian says: "Chang means actor (pai [俳]); pai means play or performance").

45.100

Agriculture (農𧷮: ancient forms of 農 are 𧷮 and [卄/(厂@(畏-田))], both identical; nu plus dong fanqie [nóng]. The Shuowen says: "Nong means tilling").

45.101

Wise and clear (明哲: also written 喆 and 悊, two identical forms; zhi plus lie fanqie [zhé]. The Erya says: "Zhe means wisdom." The Fangyan says: "Between Qi and Song, wisdom is called zhe." Ming means clear).

45.102

Pained with sorrow (悲惻: the Shenglei writes 𢝔, identical; chu plus li fanqie [cè]. The Shuowen says: "Ce means pain; it refers to a grieving pain within the mind").

45.103

Endure (堪𦓎: second character [𦓎/耐] is nu plus dai fanqie [nài]. The Cangjie pian says: "Nai means to bear or endure").

45.104

Grove and marsh (林藪: second character [藪] is su plus gou fanqie [sǒu]. Scattered trees are called a forest (lin [林]); a marsh without water is called a sou [藪]. It also refers to a large marsh with sparse water).

45.105

Hearing lawsuits (聽訟: second character [訟] is tuo plus ding fanqie [sòng]. Ting [聽] means examining right and wrong; song [訟] means disputing. The Zhouli states that lawsuits are heard and facts sought using five voices/observations: first, bodily appearance; second, facial expression; third, breathing; fourth, ears; fifth, eyes).

45.106

Crafts and arts (術藝: first character [術] is shi plus yu fanqie [shù]. Shu means method, and also the Way. The Zilin says: "A thoroughfare within a town is called shu; shu means through-passage. It signifies that for a person of thorough comprehension, there is nothing through which he does not pass").

45.107

Fascicle Two

45.108

Śāṇḍa (訕大: first character [訕] is suo plus jian fanqie [shān]. In the treatise it is also written Shanduokajiazhan [Śāṇḍa-Kātyāyana]).

45.109

Kalaviṅka (加陵毘伽: should be geluopingjia [歌羅頻伽], also called jialanjia [迦蘭伽]. Jialing [加陵] translates as 'good/beautiful'; weijia [毘伽] translates as 'sound/voice'. It names the 'bird with a beautiful voice').

45.110

Great and small (巨細: first character [巨] is qi plus lü fanqie [jù]. The Erya says: "Ju means great." The Fangyan says: "Between Qi and Lu, great is called ju." The Shuowen says: "Ju means great. Written with the 'metal' radical as 鉅 is incorrect").

45.111

The realm of Midāra (彌陀羅國: not explained previously).

45.112

Kokila (拘耆羅: or written 拘翅羅; a corruption of the Sanskrit term. Translated as 'bird with a melodious voice'; this bird has a beautiful call but an ugly form, and takes its name from its call).

45.113

Gibbon and macaque (蝯猴: [蝯] is also written 猨, identical; yu plus fan fanqie [yuán]. It resembles a macaque but is larger, with long arms; its color is either black or yellow, and its crying call is very mournful. At five hundred years it transforms into a jue [玃], which lives for a thousand years. Jue is ju plus fu fanqie [jué]).

45.114

Clapping and dancing (抃舞: [抃] is also written 拚, identical; pi plus bian fanqie [biàn]. The Shuowen says: "Clapping the hands is called bian; bian means clapping and striking").

45.115

Fascicle Three

45.116

Millet and sorghum (黍稷: ancient form is 稷, identical; zi plus li fanqie [jì]. It is the chief of the five grains. The Shuowen says: "Ji is a vegetable." The Erya says: "Zi is leng." The commentary says: "Zi is another name for ji; it is foxtail millet. Today east of the Yangtze foxtail millet is called ji").

45.117

Teacher's fist (師捲: [捲] is also written 拳, identical; qu plus yuan fanqie [quán]. Clenching the fingers makes a fist (juan). This is a metaphor meaning that a master shaping things is not like a closed fist holding tight, begrudging and not letting go. In the treatise text there is a variant writing with juan [倦] as in fatigue, which is an error).

45.118

Fascicle Four

45.119

Punished and dismissed (罰黜: [黜] is also written 絀, identical; chi plus lü fanqie [chù]. The Guangya says: "Chu means to remove, also to banish or demote").

45.120

Relieve and supply (振給: ancient forms are 扆 and 挋, both identical; zhu plus yin fanqie [zhèn]. The Xiao Erya says: "Zhen means to rescue." The Shuowen says: "Zhen means to raise up").

45.121

Fascicle Five

45.122

Kauśeya (憍奢邪: also written 俱舍, an error. Translated as 'cocoon/storehouse'. An older translation was 'worm/insect', referring to the silkworm inside the cocoon; this is the wild silkworm. Robes made with wild silkworm silk floss are kauśeya robes).

45.123

Fascicle Six (no pronunciations provided previously)

45.124

Fascicle Seven

45.125

Stūpa (偷婆: in the sūtras sometimes written 兜婆 or 塔婆 or 藪斗波, which are all corruptions. The correct term is zudubo [崒堵波, stūpa]. Here translated as 'ancestral shrine/tomb' (miao [廟]) or 'square tumulus' (fangfen [方墳]), both being interpretive translations).

45.126

Caitya (支提: also written 脂帝 or 孚圖; translated here as 'accumulated mark', referring to piling stones high to serve as a marker).

45.127

Jajjura incense (朮朮羅香: translated here as benzoin gum [guggulu]).

45.128

Arka flower (阿迦花: should be aluoge flower [阿羅歌花, alarka / arka]; translated here as 'white flower').

45.129

Nirgrantha-putra (尼乾子: should be niganjianliantuo [泥揵連佗, Nirgrantha-jñātaputra]. Translated here as 'unbound'. These non-Buddhists pluck out their hair, go naked, store nothing, beg food with their hands, and eat whatever they receive on the spot).

45.130

Fascicle Eight

45.131

Ruin and collapse (圮頓: first character [圮] is fu plus mei fanqie [pǐ]. Refers to a ruined, destitute person. The Erya says: "Pi means ruined and overturned; dun means broken").

45.132

Official nobility (官爵: [爵] is also written 雀, identical; zi plus yao fanqie [jué]. The Baihu tong says: "Jue means exhaustion; it measures and exhausts a person's capability. The five ranks of nobility are jue-mandates; they grasp one's moderation and sufficiency").

45.133

Reprimand and punish (讁罰: first character [讁/謫] is zhi plus ge fanqie [zhé]. It refers to scolding in anger. Guo Pu says: "It means mutual blaming and anger; also to rebuke or reprimand. A minor offense is punished (fa [罰])").

45.134

Kiṭi (吉胝: zhu plus shi fanqie [zhī]).

45.135

Śapa (㗩波: traditionally pronounced suo plus ji fanqie [xī]).

45.136

Fascicle Nine

45.137

Following one's own inclination (率意: first character [率] is suo plus lü fanqie [shuài]. The Erya says: "Shuai means following oneself." Guo Pu says: "To follow oneself, following one's own mind").

45.138

Kāśi (迦私: translated here as 'light', capable of emitting radiance).

45.139

Fascicle Ten

45.140

Two thighs (兩股: [股] is also written 骰, identical; gong plus hu fanqie [gǔ]. The Shuowen says: "Gu means the thigh bone; the base of the shank is called gu").

45.141

Two buttocks (兩臀: second character [臀] is tu plus kun fanqie [tún]. The Shenglei says: "Tun means buttocks").

45.142

Two shanks (兩膊: [膊/腨] is also written 腨, identical; shi plus ruan fanqie [shuàn]. The Shuowen says: "Shuan means calf (feichang [腓膓])." Fei is pronounced fei. South of the Yangtze it is called feichang; in the Central Plains it is called shuanchang, or jiaoshuan [calves]).

45.143

Vārāṇasī (波羅奈: should be Poluonaisi [波羅奈斯]; this is the name of a kingdom. That kingdom produces famous fine cotton [dūkūla / paṭa]).

45.144

Hell (泥犁: or written nilaye [泥犁耶, niraya] or nilijia [泥犁迦, naraka]; translated here as 'having nothing pleasurable' or 'having nothing low/depraved').

45.145

Gauze and crêpe (羅縠: second character [縠] is hu plus mu fanqie [hú]. Resembling gauze netting (luo) but looser, and resembling thin silk (sha) but denser. There are fine crêpe (qinghu) and mist crêpe (wuhu), meaning fine as mist).

45.146

Bodhisattva-śīla-sūtra (Pusa shanjie jing), Fascicle One (no characters requiring glosses)

45.147

Fascicle Two

45.148

Xuanying

45.149

Armies and troops (軍旅: first character [軍] is jiong plus yun fanqie [jūn]; second character [旅] is li plus ju fanqie [lǚ]. The Zhouli states: five men make a squad (wu); five squads make a liang; four liang make a zu; five zu make a brigade (lü); five lü make a division (shi); two shi make an army (jun). Zheng's commentary on the Lunyu says: "Twelve thousand five hundred men make an army (jun)." Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: "Jun is like an encampment (tun); it is composed of 'chariot' [車] with bao [勹] as phonetic, deploying an army of five hundred men. [Lü [旅]] is composed of 'banner' [㫃] showing brigades marching together; hence it has the component cong [从]." Bao is bao plus jiao fanqie [bāo]; [㫃] is pronounced yan [yǎn]; cong [从] is the ancient form of cong [從]).

45.150

Fascicle Three

45.151

Child shedding milk teeth (童齔: second character [齔] is ce plus jin fanqie [chèn]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "Shedding milk teeth." The Shuowen says: "A boy cuts teeth at eight months, hence sheds them at eight years; a girl cuts teeth at seven months, hence sheds them at seven years." The character is composed of 'teeth' [齒] and 'seven' [七]).

45.152

Fascicles Four, Five, Six, Seven, and Eight (The above were previously left unglossed)

45.153

Fascicle Nine

45.154

脣𦠍 [Lips and gums] (fanqie: 𰖄 + 各. The Kaosheng says: “𦠍 means gums.” In the sūtra it is written with 齒 as 𪙫, which is incorrect; this character does not exist in character dictionaries).

45.155

兩杈 [Two branches] (fanqie: 楚 + 加. The Shuowen jiezi says: “A wooden fork or branch.” In the treatise it is written as 𮌋, which is a vulgar character; upon checking various character dictionaries, none contain this character).

45.156

Jing Yezhang Jing (Sūtra on Purifying Karmic Hindrances)

45.157

Compiled by Huilin

45.158

光[燜-心+函] [Blazing light] (fanqie: 葉 [門@函] + 壍. The Kaosheng says: “The appearance of firelight.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “[燜-心+函] of fire; it is classified under the radical 火 with the phonetic [門@函].” The sūtra pronounces it as yán and writes it as [燜-心+函], which is incorrect).

45.159

殞命 [Perishing of life] (fanqie: 雲 + 敏. The Shenglei says: “殞 means to die.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “Classified under the radical 歺 with the phonetic 員.” In the sūtra it is written as 殞, which is a vulgar character. 歺 is pronounced jīn).

45.160

逮清淨 [Attaining purity] (fanqie: 徒 + 戴. The Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: “逮 means to reach.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “Classified under the radical 辵 with the phonetic 隶.” The source text of the sūtra has 逯, pronounced lù, which contradicts the original meaning. 隶 is pronounced dì).

45.161

瓦礫 [Rubble and gravel] (fanqie: 零 + 的. The Shuowen jiezi says: “Small stones; classified under the radical 石 with the phonetic 樂”).

45.162

㧖縛 [To seize and bind] (fanqie: 鸎 + 革. The Shuowen jiezi has the proper form as 搹: “搹 means to grasp.” It is also written as 㧖; classified under the radical 手 with the phonetic 戹. 戹 has the same pronunciation as above. In the sūtra it is written as 扼, which is a vulgar character).

45.163

拘茂陀花 [Kumuda flower] (Sanskrit; already fully explained earlier. In the sūtra it is written as 華, which is incorrect).

45.164

惡賤 [Despised and base] (The first character has the fanqie: 烏 + 故).

45.165

良醫 [A good physician] (fanqie: 於 + 基. The Shuowen jiezi says: “An artisan who cures illness; classified under the radical 酉 with the phonetic 殹.” In the sūtra it is written as 醫, which is a vulgar character).

45.166

耽著 [Addicted attachment] (The first character has the fanqie: 膽 + 甘. The Kaosheng says: “耽 means fond of or craving.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “Classified under the radical 耳 with the phonetic 冘.” In the sūtra it is written with 身 as 躭, which is commonly used. 冘 has the fanqie: 以 + 任).

45.167

䤈无 [Sour and void] (fanqie: 呼 + 兮).

45.168

鼻楺多羅 [Bi-rou-duo-luo] (fanqie: 柔 + 帚. Sanskrit; the name of a bodhisattva, not distinct. 帚 has the fanqie: 州 + 抑).

45.169

障翳 [Obscuring veil] (fanqie: 於 + 計. The Fangyan says: “翳 means to obscure.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “Classified under the radical 羽 with the phonetic 殹”).

45.170

Upāsaka-śīla-sūtra, Fascicle One

45.171

Compiled by Huilin

45.172

阿那邠坻 [Anāthapiṇḍada] (邠 has the fanqie: 悲 + 旻; 坻 has the fanqie: 丁 + 泥. Sanskrit; no Chinese character meanings are sought. The name of a very wealthy elder, residing in Śrāvastī).

45.173

覺寤 [Awakening] (The first character has the fanqie: 江 + 岳. The Kaosheng says: “覺 means clear.” The Guangya says: “覺 also means to know.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “Classified under the radical 見 with the phonetic 學 abbreviated.” In the sūtra it is written with 告 as 寤, which is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie: 五 + 故. The Kaosheng says: “Seeing something in sleep, and awakening to understand it.” The Shenglei says: “寤 also means to awaken.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “Classified under the radical 吾 with the phonetic 㝱 abbreviated.” In the sūtra it is written as 窹, which is a commonly used vulgar character).

45.174

Fascicle Two

45.175

腨相 [Calf mark] (fanqie: 遄 + 耎. The Shuowen jiezi says: “腨 is the calf muscle; classified under the radical 肉 with the phonetic 端.” It is also written as [跳-兆+專]. 腓 has the fanqie: 扶 + 非).

45.176

邊裔 [Remote border] (fanqie: 餘 + 制. The Wenzi jilüe says: “裔 refers to the four distant directions.” The Guangya says: “裔 means the outer border.” The Wenzi dianshuo says: “Classified under the radical 衣 with the phonetic 冏.” 冏 has the fanqie: 女 + 滑).

45.177

剜身 [Gouging the body] (fanqie: 椀 + 桓. The Kaosheng says: “剜 means curved carving.” The Picang says: “It means [利-禾+(ㄙ/月)].” The Wenzi dianshuo says: “Classified under the radical 刀 with the phonetic 宛.” It is also written as 𠛠. [利-禾+(ㄙ/月)] has the fanqie: 烏 + 玄).

45.178

Fascicle Three (No words glossed)

45.179

Fascicle Four

45.180

匃與 [To beg and give] (The first character has the fanqie: 哥 + 𦫿; meaning to beg. It has already been fully explained earlier under the Sūtra of King Dīrghāyus).

45.181

猫貍 [Cats and wildcats] (The first character has the fanqie: 卯 + 包. Gu Yewang says: “The cat resembles a tiger but is smaller and eats mice.” The Gujin zhengzi says: “Classified under the radical 犭 with the phonetic 苗.” The second character has the fanqie: 里 + 之. The Kaosheng says: “貍 is today's wildcat.” Gu Yewang says: “The 貍 is of the cat family.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “A crouching beast; classified under the radical 豸 with the phonetic 里.” In the sūtra it is written with 犬 as 狸, which is a vulgar character).

45.182

Fascicle Five

45.183

釜鑊 [Cauldrons and boilers] (The first character has the fanqie: 扶 + 武. The Book of Changes says: “Kūn is a cauldron.” Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo Zhuan says: “Six dòu and four shēng is called a fǔ.” The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 鬴: “Classified under the radical 鬲 with the phonetic 甫.” It is also written as 釜, same as the sūtra text. The second character has the fanqie: 黃 + 郭. The Guangya says: “A huò is a dǐng tripod.” Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Book of Rites says: “A huò is a vessel for boiling things.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “Classified under the radical 金 with the phonetic 蒦.” 蒦 has the fanqie: 乙 + 虢).

45.184

犂鎒 [Plough and hoe] (The first character has the fanqie: 歷 + 溪. The Kaosheng says: “犂 means to plough.” The Shuowen jiezi also says: “To plough; classified under the radical 牛 with the phonetic 𥝢.” The second character has the fanqie: 呼 + 高. The Gujin zhengzi says: “鎒 means to weed out weeds from the fields; classified under the radical 金 with the phonetic 辱.” It is also written as [卄/婢] or as 𢫩).

45.185

斧鑿 [Axe and chisel] (The first character has the fanqie: 夫 + 武. The Classic of Poetry says: “Having broken our axes.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “An axe splits; classified under the radical 斤 with the phonetic 父.” The second character has the fanqie: 藏 + 各. The Shenglei says: “A 鑿 is a cold chisel.” Gu Yewang says: “A 鑿 is like piercing wood; classified under the radical 金 with the phonetic 𣫞.” 𣫞 has the fanqie: 子 + 沃. 鏨 has the fanqie: 才 + 甘).

45.186

Fascicle Six

45.187

質物 [Pawned goods] (fanqie: 真 + 曰. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo Zhuan says: “質 means trust.” The Guangya says: “質 is like substance.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “To pledge things mutually; classified under the radical 斦 and 貝.” In the sūtra it is written as 䞃, which is a scribal error; upon checking various character dictionaries, none contain this character. 贅 has the fanqie: 之 + 稅; 斦 has the fanqie: 魚 + 斤).

45.188

盪滌 [Washing and cleansing] (The first character has the fanqie: 唐 + 朗; the second character has the fanqie: 亭 + 歷. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Classic of Documents says: “盪滌 means to eliminate.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “盪 also means to cleanse; classified under the radical 皿 with the phonetic 湯; interchangeable with 蘯”).

45.189

鐙炷 [Lamp wick] (The first character is the proper form of 燈. The second character has the fanqie: 朱 + 乳. The Kaosheng says: “炷 is a lamp wick”).

45.190

毫氂 [Minute hair and strand] (The first character has the fanqie: 晧 + 高. Wang Yi's commentary on the Songs of Chu says: “Fine hair is called háo.” The Gujin zhengzi says: “Classified under the radical 毛 with the phonetic 高 abbreviated.” The second character has the fanqie: 里 + 之. The Hanshu yinyi says: “Ten háo make a lí.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “The character 氂 is classified under the radical 毛 with the phonetic 𠩺”).

45.191

共賭 [Gambling together] (fanqie: 都 + 古. The Records of Wu says: “Gambling means competing in games to seek profit.” The Wenzi dianshuo says: “Classified under the radical 貝 with the phonetic 者.” It is also written as 𧶴).

45.192

阿坻 [A-di] (fanqie: 低 + 禮. Sanskrit).

45.193

繼嗣 [Succeeding and heir] (The first character has the fanqie: 稽 + 隷. Wang Bi's commentary on the Book of Changes says: “繼 means without interruption.” The Erya says: “繼 means continuing the guiding line.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “To continue; classified under the radical 糸 with the phonetic 㡭.” Popularly written as 繼. 㡭 is pronounced jué. The second character has the fanqie: 辝 + 漬. The Kaosheng says: “嗣 also means to succeed.” Zheng Xuan's annotations on the Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry say: “嗣 also means to continue.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “Classified under 口 and 𠕋, with the phonetic 司”).

45.194

Fascicle Seven

45.195

環釧 [Rings and bracelets] (The first character has the fanqie: 患 + 關. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Book of Rites says: “環 means turning around, encircling.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “When the rim and the hole of a jade disc are equal, it is called a huán; classified under the radical 玉 with the phonetic 睘.” The second character has the fanqie: 川 + 戀. The Donggong jiushi says: “釧 is an arm ornament.” The Gujin zhengzi says: “Classified under the radical 金 with the phonetic 川”).

45.196

橋隥 [Bridge steps] (fanqie: 都 + 鄧. The Biography of King Mu says: “A dèng is a slope.” The character dictionaries say: “Steps for walking.” The Shuowen jiezi says: “To ascend; classified under the radical 阜 with the phonetic 登.” 阜 is pronounced fù).

45.197

壁蝨 [Bedbugs] (fanqie: 詵 + 櫛. Gu Yewang says: “A louse is an insect that bites people.” As for bedbugs, they resemble grass ticks, hiding in wall crevices and bed cracks, biting and sucking blood from people at night. The Shuowen jiezi says: “Classified under the radical 卂 (pronounced xìn) and 䖵 (pronounced kūn)”).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese