一切經音義 62

English (machine translation) 62

Language: English

62.1

Compiled by the Scripture-Translating Śramaṇa Huilin

62.2

Pronunciation and Meaning of the Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-kṣudrakavastu in Forty Fascicles

62.3

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-kṣudrakavastu, Fascicle One

甎揩 (The upper character has the fanqie 拙 [zhuo] + 緣 [yuan]. The Picang says: 'It means 㼾甊 [brick/tile].' Character dictionaries say: 'It means 瓴甓 [earthenware tile/brick].' It takes the tile radical with 專 phonetic; 㼾 is pronounced 鹿 [lu], 瓴 is pronounced 零 [ling], and 甓 has the fanqie 瓶 [ping] + 曆 [li]. The lower character has the fanqie 客 [ke] + 皆 [jie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To rub and polish; to wipe.' It takes the hand radical with 皆 phonetic).

62.5

帬應 (The upper character has the fanqie 郡 [jun] + 雲 [yun]. The Fangyan says: 'Using a straight garment edge to encircle the waist is called a 帬 [skirt].' Guo Pu's commentary says: 'Popularly it is also called a wrap.' In the lower regions of the Jiangdong, it was the common term for lower garments. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A 帬 is also a lower garment; it takes the cloth radical with 君 phonetic.' Note: for the characters 裳 [lower garment] and 裙 [skirt], the Shuowen jiezi's standard forms take the cloth radical, writing them as 常 and 帬; nowadays they are universally written with the clothing radical as 裳 and 裙, which is commonly accepted. 矜 has the fanqie 居 [ju] + 音 [yin]; that is, the border or hem of a garment. Guo Pu says: 'The upper garment worn by a woman when first married').

62.6

栗㚲毘園 (The upper character has the fanqie 隣 [lin] + 銍 [zhi]; the next character has the fanqie 襜 [chan] + 懾 [zhe]. A Sanskrit word, formerly rendered Licchavi, which refers to the kṣatriya royal sons and clansmen; they had an orchard there).

62.7

皴裂 (The upper character has the fanqie 七 [qi] + 旬 [xun]. The Picang says: '皴皵 [chapped/rough skin].' The Wenzidian shuo says it takes the skin radical with 夋 phonetic; 夋 has the same pronunciation, and 皵 has the fanqie 鏘 [qiang] + 藥 [yao]).

62.8

剏制 (The upper character has the fanqie 瘡 [chuang] + 壯 [zhuang]. The Kaosheng says: '剏 means to begin.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To institute laws and initiate an enterprise.' It takes the 井 radical with 刃 phonetic. Sometimes written as 創, pronounced 楚 [chu] + 㽵 [zhuang] fanqie).

62.9

齅我 (The upper character has the fanqie 休 [xiu] + 故 [gu]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Approaching an odor with the nose is called 齅 [to smell].' It takes the nose radical with 臭 phonetic).

62.10

譏嫌 (The upper character has the fanqie 居 [ju] + 依 [yi]. He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: '譏 means to censure.' Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Liji says: 'To reprimand.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '譏 means to slander.' It takes the speech radical with 幾 phonetic. The lower character has the fanqie 叶 [ye] + 間 [jian]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Discontent in the heart; another source says suspicion.' It takes the woman radical with 兼 phonetic).

62.11

癭鬼 (The upper character has the fanqie 纓 [ying] + 頂 [ding]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A 癭 is a tumor on the neck.' It takes the disease radical with 嬰 phonetic; 瘤 [tumor] is pronounced 抑 [yi] + 由 [you] fanqie).

62.12

隙中 (The upper character has the fanqie 卿 [qing] + 逆 [ni]. Gu Yewang says: 'A 隙 is like an opening or hole.' The Guangya says: 'A fissure.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A 隙 is a hole in a wall.' It takes the mound radical with 𡭽 phonetic; 𡭽 is pronounced the same as above, composed of two 小 surrounding one 白).

62.13

髑髏 (The upper character is pronounced 獨 [du]. The lower character has the fanqie 漏 [lou] + 侯 [hou]. The Picang says: 'A head bone.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A skull bone.' It is a phono-semantic character).

62.14

[暟-豆+(烈-列+里)]黃 (The upper character has the fanqie 訓 [xun] + 雲 [yun]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: '[暟-豆+(烈-列+里)]黃 means the time of dusk.' The Wenzidian shuo says it takes the sun radical with 𡼡 phonetic).

62.15

除刮 (The lower character has the fanqie 關 [guan] + 滑 [hua]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Liji says: '刮 means to scrape and rub.' The Kaosheng says: 'To scrape across with a blade is called 刮.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '刮 means to shave and peel.' It takes the knife radical with 舌 phonetic).

62.16

核𩋸 (The upper character has the fanqie 衡 [heng] + 革 [ge]. Gu Yewang says: 'The seed inside a fruit.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the wood radical with 亥 phonetic. The lower character has the fanqie 頟 [e] + 更 [geng]. The Kaosheng says: 'Tough and hard.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Tough, rigid, and firm.' It takes the leather radical with 更 phonetic. Sometimes written with the stone radical as 硬, which is a vulgar character).

62.17

[嚼-(既-旡+寸)+(彰-章+鬯)]之 (The upper character has the fanqie 牆 [qiang] + 藥 [yao]; it is the standard character for 嚼 [to chew]. The Huainanzi says: 'Chewing it, it has no flavor and cannot go down the throat.' Gu Yewang says: 'To chew.' The Guangya says: 'To eat.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the mouth radical with [嚼-(既-旡+寸)+(彰-章+鬯)] phonetic. The canon's text originally used 嚼, which is a vulgar form. 噍 has the fanqie 撨 [qiao] + 曜 [yao]).

62.18

Fascicle Two

62.19

有娠 (Has the fanqie 失 [shi] + 真 [zhen]. Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '娠 means being pregnant.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '娠 means conception and movement in the body.' It takes the woman radical with 辰 phonetic. In ancient script it was written as 㑗; 妊 is pronounced 如 [ru] + 甚 [shen] fanqie).

62.20

𩚳食 (The upper character has the fanqie 煩 [fan] + 晚 [wan]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '𩚳 means cooked grain.' It takes the food radical with 弁 phonetic; popularly it is written with 反 as 飯 [cooked rice/food]).

62.21

蹂婦 (Has the fanqie 柔 [rou] + 守 [shou]. The Cang Jie pian says: '蹂 means to trample.' The Wenzidian shuo says it takes the foot radical with 柔 phonetic. The Shuowen jiezi gives it as 𠘯, saying: 'An animal's paws trampling the ground; a pictograph.' It takes 𠘯, with 𠘯 also serving as phonetic. The Erya says: 'Its tracks are called 𠘯.' In clerical script, it is written as 蹂).

62.22

捼腹 (The upper character has the fanqie 內 [nei] + 𢌞 [hui]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '捼 means to rub and press down; another source says to rub together with both hands.' It takes the hand radical with 委 phonetic).

62.23

足跟 (The lower character has the fanqie 艮 [gen] + 痕 [hen]. The Shiming says: 'The back of the foot is called the 跟 [heel].' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The 跟 is the heel of the foot.' It takes the foot radical with 艮 phonetic).

62.24

從臍 (Has the fanqie 濟 [ji] + 西 [xi]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The navel.' It takes the flesh radical with 齊 phonetic).

62.25

促整 (The upper character has the fanqie 耴 [zhe] + 欲 [yu]. The lower character has the fanqie 征 [zheng] + 領 [ling]. 整 means correct, arranged, orderly. The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 束 and 攴, with 正 phonetic; 攴 is pronounced 普 [pu] + 卜 [bu] fanqie).

62.26

城闉 (Has the fanqie 一 [yi] + 真 [zhen]. The commentary on the Mao Odes says: 'The 闉 is the outer curved wall of a city gate.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The curved wall and double gates of a city.' It takes the gate radical with 垔 phonetic; 垔 is pronounced the same as above).

62.27

焚燎 (Has the fanqie 寮 [liao] + 鳥 [niao]; also read in the falling tone as 力 [li] + 召 [zhao] fanqie. Zheng [Xuan]'s gloss on the Mao Odes says: 'Setting fire to a field is called 燎.' The Kaosheng says: 'To burn lightly.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '燎 means to set fire.' It takes the fire radical with 寮 phonetic; 寮 is pronounced 力 [li] + 召 [zhao] fanqie).

62.28

𡍩裂 (The upper character has the fanqie 耻 [chi] + 革 [ge]. The Guangya says: '𡍩 means to split.' The Kaosheng says: 'The cracking of the earth.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the earth radical with 㡿 phonetic; 㡿 is pronounced 尺 [chi]. The lower character is pronounced 列 [lie]).

62.29

瘡疱 (The lower character has the fanqie 炮 [pao] + 貌 [mao]. The Kaosheng says: 'A 疱 is a small sore on the face.' The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 𲊬: 'Eruptions on the face.' It takes the skin radical with 包 phonetic).

62.30

擯㡿 (The upper character has the fanqie 賓 [bin] + 刃 [ren]. Sima Biao's commentary on the Zhuangzi says: '擯 means to discard.' The Wenzidian shuo says it takes the hand radical with 賓 phonetic. The lower character is pronounced 尺 [chi]. Liu Zhao's commentary on the Guliang zhuan says: '㡿 means to point out.' Gu Yewang says: '㡿 means to keep at a distance.' The Hanshu yinyi says: '㡿 means not to employ.' The Guangya says: '㡿 means to reject.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the 广 radical with 屰 phonetic; 广 is pronounced 儼 [yan], and 屰 is pronounced 逆 [ni]).

62.31

畔睇 (The upper character has the fanqie 盤 [pan] + 慢 [man]; the lower character has the fanqie 提 [ti] + 戾 [li]. A Sanskrit word [vandē], translated into the Tang language as 'to pay homage' or 'to salute').

62.32

商人 (The upper character has the fanqie 賞 [shang] + 章 [zhang]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Kaogongji says: 'A traveling merchant is one who sells goods.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A merchant is a traveling trader.' It takes the cowrie radical with 商 abbreviated as phonetic).

62.33

梯隥 (The upper character has the fanqie 體 [ti] + 稽 [ji]. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'A 梯 is a stairway.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'A wooden stairway.' It takes the wood radical with 弟 phonetic. The lower character has the fanqie 登 [deng] + 鄧 [deng]. The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the mound radical with 登 phonetic. The Vinaya text uses the foot radical to write 蹬, which is incorrect).

62.34

繖柄 (The upper character has the fanqie 桑 [sang] + 嬾 [lan]. Gu Yewang says: 'A 繖 is a canopy; made of silk, it can shield against rain and sun.' It takes the silk radical with 散 phonetic. The Vinaya text uses 傘, which is a vulgar character. The lower character has the fanqie 兵 [bing] + 命 [ming]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A 柄 is a handle.' It takes the wood radical with 丙 phonetic).

62.35

曬在 (The upper character has the fanqie 索 [suo] + 懈 [xie]. The Fangyan says: '曬 means to expose to the sun.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the sun radical with 麗 phonetic).

62.36

Fascicle Three

62.37

炊爨 (The upper character is pronounced 吹 [chui]. The lower character has the fanqie 倉 [cang] + 亂 [luan]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Zhouli says: '爨 means a stove.' Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'To cook.' It has already been explained in the preceding text).

62.38

氤氳 (The upper character is pronounced 因 [yin]. The lower character has the fanqie 薀 [yun] + 云 [yun]. These are popular characters. In the Boya the standard forms take the fire radical, writing 烟, and the silk radical, writing 縕; it is the generative vapor of heaven and earth. The Zhouyi says: 'Heaven and earth blend in dense profusion (氤氳), and all things transform and flourish.' The Kaosheng says: 'Vapors of the clouds').

62.39

瓦礫 (The lower character has the fanqie 零 [ling] + 的 [di]. The Kaosheng says: 'Gravel.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Small stones.' It takes the stone radical with 樂 phonetic).

62.40

衣[敲-高+(尚/木)] (Has the fanqie 讁 [zhe] + 庚 [geng]. The Kaosheng says: 'To stretch out and dry.' It takes the wood radical with 敞 phonetic. The Vinaya text uses 揁, which is incorrect).

62.41

鍛師 (The upper character has the fanqie 端 [duan] + 亂 [luan]. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu says: '鍛 means to forge and temper.' The Cang Jie pian says: 'To hammer and strike.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Small-scale refining.' It takes the metal radical with 叚 phonetic).

62.42

其靶 (Has the fanqie 巴 [ba] + 罵 [ma]. Character dictionaries say: 'A 靶 is a handle or grip.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the leather radical with 巴 phonetic. The Vinaya text uses the bow radical to write 弝, which is also acceptable; or it is written with the wood radical as 杷).

62.43

雞翎 (The first character has the fanqie [擊奚] jī; the second has the fanqie [歷丁] líng. The Kaosheng says: "Bird feathers.")

62.44

竹籤 (The fanqie is [妾閻] qiān. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Sharp; to pierce through." It has the bamboo classifier [竹] and 籤 as phonetic. 籤 has the fanqie [息閻] xiān.)

62.45

鑽孔 (The first character has the fanqie [纂九] zuǎn. Gu Yewang says: "Zuān (boring) refers to engraving and chiseling." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A zuān is that with which one pierces." It has the metal classifier [金] and 贊 as phonetic. The character 鐫 has the fanqie [卒緣] juān.)

62.46

綫繚 (The first character has the fanqie [先薦] xiàn. The second has the fanqie [寮鳥] liǎo. Gu Yewang says: "Liǎo is like winding around." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Liǎo means to wrap." It has the silk classifier [糸] and 尞 as phonetic. The character 糸 is pronounced mì.)

62.47

梳刷 (The first character is pronounced like 踈 [shū]. The second has the fanqie [疎刮] shuā. The Guangya says: "Shuā means sharp." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To scrape." It has the knife classifier [刀] and abbreviated 㕞 as phonetic. 㕞 has the same sound as above.)

62.48

栗㚲毘 (The middle character has the fanqie [襜涉] zhān. The meaning was already explained in Fascicle 1.)

62.49

內迮 (The fanqie is [爭革] zé. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Pressed/crowded." It has the movement classifier [辵] and 乍 as phonetic. It is also written as 窄.)

62.50

置扂 (The fanqie is [恬琰] diàn. The Kaosheng says: "The door-bar of the present day." The Wenzidian shuo says: "A diàn is a door-latch [㧀], a small door-bolt." It has the door classifier [戶] and 占 as phonetic. The character 㧀 has the fanqie [析急] qì.)

62.51

鐶鈕 (The first character is pronounced like 還 [huán]. In the Shuowen jiezi it is written with the jade classifier as 環, with the same meaning. The second character has the fanqie [尼九] niǔ. The Shuowen jiezi says: "The niǔ is the handle/boss of a seal." It has the metal classifier [金] and 丑 as phonetic.)

62.52

𤬪水 (The first character has the fanqie [徒賭] dǔ. The Guangya says: "A 𤬪 is a vase/jug." The Wenzidian shuo says: "A 𤬪 is a large vase/jug." It has the earthenware classifier [瓦] and 土 as phonetic.)

62.53

安垛 (The fanqie is [多果] duǒ. An earthen mound. The Wenzidian shuo says: "A small rampart." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A hall partition." It has the earth classifier [土] and 朵 as phonetic. In the Vinaya text it is written as 朵, which is a scribal error. 朵 has the fanqie [都果] duǒ.)

62.54

鐵杴 (The fanqie is [險嚴] xiān. A fire shovel.)

62.55

杙上 (The fanqie is [蠅即] yì. The Yunying says: "A yì is a stake/peg." The Erya says: "A wooden post [樴] is called a yì." Examining the Vinaya text, it says: "To hang upon a peg-stake." That is a stake. It has the wood classifier [木] and 戈 as phonetic.)

62.56

作竇 (The fanqie is [頭侯] dòu. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says: "A dòu is a hole/opening." The Zishu says: "A water drain." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A dòu is an empty opening." It has the cave classifier [穴] and 賣 as phonetic.)

62.57

Fascicle 4

62.58

蹲踞 (The first character has the fanqie [在昆] cún. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Cún means to squat [蹲踞]." It has the foot classifier [足] and 尊 as phonetic. 踞 is pronounced jù.)

62.59

咼衺 (The first character has the fanqie [快華] kuā. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Guā means a crooked mouth." It has the mouth classifier [口] and [咼-口+┐] as phonetic. The character 冎 has the fanqie [瓜瓦] guǎ. The second character has the fanqie [謝嗟] xié. The Zishu says: "Xié means not straight/upright." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Xié means a pouch/bag." It has the clothing classifier [衣] and 牙 as phonetic. The character 囊 has the fanqie [乃當] náng.)

62.60

瑩體 (The fanqie is [縈暎] yìng. The commentary on the Mao Classic of Poetry says: "Yìng is a beautiful stone; it means that polishing gems and jade causes them to give off light." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The luster of jade." It has the jade classifier [玉] and abbreviated 熒 as phonetic. It is also written with the metal classifier as 鎣.)

62.61

[褒-保+瑰]偉 (The first character has the fanqie [古𢌞] guī. Sima Biao's commentary on the Zhuangzi says: "Guī means beautiful." The Fangyan says: "Flourishing." The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 𠐤, saying: "Extremely magnificent." It has the person classifier [人] and 褢 as phonetic. The character 褢 is pronounced huái. In the Vinaya text it is written as 瓌, which is also admissible. The second character has the fanqie [韋鬼] wěi. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Wěi means extraordinary." It has the person classifier [人] and 韋 as phonetic.)

62.62

妍雅 (The first character has the fanqie [齧賢] yán. The Guangya says: "Yán means fine/beautiful." The Kaosheng says: "Intelligent." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Yán means stubborn; peaceful." It has the woman classifier [女] and 开 as phonetic. 开 is pronounced qiān; 忮 has the fanqie [之至] zhì. The second character has the fanqie [牙賈] yǎ. The commentary on the Mao Classic of Poetry says: "Yǎ means correct." Wei Zhao's commentary on the Hanshu says: "Yǎ means plain and pure." The Jixun says: "Graceful and beautiful." The Shuowen jiezi has the short-tailed bird classifier [隹] and 牙 as phonetic.)

62.63

婆羅痆斯 (痆 has the fanqie [儜軋] niè. Sanskrit; formerly called the kingdom of Bārāṇasī [波羅奈]. The character 軋 has the fanqie [間轄] xiá.)

62.64

所搏 (The second character has the fanqie [牓莫] bó. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "Bó means to take/seize." The Shenglei says: "To capture." The Guangya says: "To strike." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Bó means to search out and hold." It has the hand classifier [手] and 尃 as phonetic.)

62.65

作襻 (The fanqie is [攀慢] pàn. The Kaosheng says: "A garment loop/tie." In the Gujin zhengzi it has the clothing classifier [衣] and 攀 as phonetic.)

62.66

挂髆 (The first character has the fanqie [瓜賣] guà. The Guangya says: "Guà means to suspend/hang." The Shuowen jiezi has the hand classifier [手] and 圭 as phonetic. The second character is pronounced bó. The Zhouli says: "Bó means to possess." Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Yili says: "The upper arm bone." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The shoulder blade." It has the bone classifier [骨] and 專 as phonetic. The Vinaya text writes it with the meat classifier as 膊, which is incorrect.)

62.67

Fascicle 5

62.68

毛㲜 (The fanqie is [他敢] tǎn. The Kaosheng says: "A tǎn is made of woven hair/wool. Originally this character did not exist; tǎn originated among the Western Rong.")

62.69

襯臥 (The first character has the fanqie [楚靳] chèn. The Kaosheng says: "Chèn means an underlay; undergarments worn against the body.")

62.70

鑒察 (The first character has the fanqie [監懺] jiàn. The commentary on the Mao Classic of Poetry says: "A jiàn is that by which one examines forms." Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "To illuminate; to scrutinize." The Shuowen jiezi has the metal classifier [金] and 監 as phonetic. It is also written as 鑑.)

62.71

㗨羅葉 (The first character has the fanqie [伊奚] yī. A Sanskrit word; the name of a nāga [Elāpattra].)

62.72

有複 (The fanqie is [風伏] fù. The Cangjie pian says: "Fù means thick." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Fù means lined clothing." It has the clothing classifier [衣] and 复 as phonetic. The character 复 is pronounced fù.)

62.73

不捩 (The fanqie is [憐涅] liè. The Kaosheng says: "Liè means to twist." It is also written as 綟, meaning a cord/tie. In the Vinaya text it is written with the hand classifier as 捩, which is also admissible.)

62.74

擡舉 (The first character has the fanqie [代來] tái. The Guangya says: "Tái means to move/lift." The Wenzidian shuo has the hand classifier [手] and 臺 as phonetic.)

62.75

糕餅 (The first character is pronounced gāo. The Kaosheng says: "A gāo is made by steaming rice flour." The Zitong says: "A gāo is a soft cake." The Yunquan says: "A combination steamed cake [餌]; a cake [餌] belongs to the class of pastries [餅]." The Gujin zhengzi has the food classifier [食] and 羔 as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie [并郢] bǐng. The Shiming says: "There are hubing [sesame cakes], soup cakes, and the like, each named according to its form." The Shuowen jiezi has the food classifier [食] and 并 as phonetic.)

62.76

顦顇 (The first character has the fanqie [誚遙] qiáo; the second has the fanqie [情季] cuì. The Zishu says: "Emaciated and ill-favoured." The Cangjie pian says: "Sorrowful and afflicted." It is also written with the mind classifier as 憔悴, or as 癄瘁, all being identical.)

62.77

羸瘠 (The first character has the fanqie [累危] léi. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "Léi means weak." Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "Sick." Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says: "Feeble." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Lean." It has the sheep classifier [羊] and [亡/口/肌] as phonetic. [亡/口/肌] has the same sound as above. The second character has the fanqie [情亦] jí. The Kaosheng says: "Jí means emaciated." The Wenzidian shuo has the sickness classifier [疒] and 脊 as phonetic. It is also written as 膌.)

62.78

貯[麥*酋] (The first character has the fanqie [猪[耜-耒]] zhù. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "Zhù means to store up." Gu Yewang says: "To contain." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To accumulate." It has the cowrie classifier [貝] and 宁 as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie [昌沼] chǎo. The Guangya says: "𪍑 is food." The Picang says: "𩱈 is roasted grain." The Wenzidian shuo says: "Crushed roasted grain." It has the wheat classifier [麥] and 酋 as phonetic. The Vinaya text uses [麩-夫+少], a popular variant. 𩱈 has the fanqie [初狡] chǎo.)

62.79

Fascicle 6

62.80

紫礦 (The first character is the standard character zǐ. The second has the fanqie [瓜猛] kuàng. It has already been fully explained in Fascicle 31 of this Sound and Meaning work.)

62.81

恙蛘 (The fanqie is [羊想] yǎng. The Liji says: "When itching [蛘], one does not dare scratch," which is this. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Scratching an itch." It has the insect classifier [虫] and 羊 as phonetic.)

62.82

把搔 (The first character has the fanqie [白麻] bā. The Kaosheng says: "Bā means to scratch." The Shuowen jiezi has the hand classifier [手] and 巴 as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie [掃刀] sāo. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To scrape/scratch." It has the hand classifier [手] and 蚤 as phonetic. 蚤 is pronounced zǎo.)

62.83

犛牛 (The first character has the fanqie [卯包] máo. The Shanhaijing says: "On Panhou Mountain there is a beast shaped like an ox, with hair growing from its four joints, named the máoniú." The Kaosheng says: "The name of an ox." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A long-haired ox of the Southwestern Barbarians." It has the ox classifier [牛] and [((上/小)*ㄆ)/厂] as phonetic. The character 髭 means hair.)

62.84

袪蚊 (The first character has the fanqie [去魚] qū. The Kaosheng says: "Qū means to repel; to remove." The second character is pronounced wén.)

62.85

撚芋毛 (The first character has the fanqie [年典] niǎn. The Fangyan says: "Niǎn means to join together." Gu Yewang says: "It means to connect one to another." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Niǎn means to hold." It has the hand classifier [手] and 然 as phonetic.)

62.86

相𢷏 (The fanqie is [龐邈] pū. The Kaosheng says: "Pū means to dash to the ground." The Zishu says: "To grapple [相𢷏] means hand-to-hand combat." In the Shuowen jiezi it is written as 撲, with the hand classifier [手] and 菐 as phonetic. The character 菐 is pronounced pū. The character 搏 is pronounced bó.)

62.87

腳跌 (The first character is the word jiǎo [foot]. The second character has the fanqie [田結] dié. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says: "Dié means to stumble." Guo [Pu's] commentary says: "To fall flat on the ground." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Dié means to stumble and trip." It has the foot classifier [足] and 失 as phonetic.)

62.88

澡罐 (The first character is pronounced zǎo. The second is pronounced like 官喚 [guàn]. The Wenzi jilüe says: "A vessel for drawing water." It has the pitcher classifier [缶] and 雚 as phonetic. 雚 has the same sound as above.)

62.89

鉸刀 (The first character has the fanqie [交巧] jiǎo. The Yunying says: "Jiǎodāo; that is to say, the scissors of the present day.")

62.90

談覈 (The second character has the fanqie [形益] hé. The Kaosheng says: "Hé means to investigate thoroughly; truth/reality." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To investigate the reality of matters." It has 西 and 敫 as phonetic. It is also written with the rain classifier as 𩅢. 西 has the fanqie [呼下] xià; 敫 has the fanqie [經亦] jī.)

62.91

Fascicle 7

62.92

羞赧 (The first character has the fanqie [秀由] xiū. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says: "Xiū means humiliation." The Zuo zhuan says: "Do not cause great disgrace [巨羞]," on which Du [Yu's] commentary says: "Xiū means shame." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Xiū means to present in offering; it has the sheep classifier [羊], as sheep are what is offered; it has 丑, which is also phonetic." The second character has the fanqie [儜簡] nǎn. The Fangyan says: "Nǎn means ashamed." The Kaosheng says: "Shamefaced blushing." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Blushing with shame; it has the red classifier [赤] and 㞋 as phonetic." In the Vinaya text it is written with the skin classifier as 𧹞, which is a popular variant. The character 㞋 has the fanqie [尼展] niǎn.)

62.93

扣門 (The first character is pronounced kòu. The Lunyu says: "He struck [扣] his shins with a staff," on which Kong [Anguo's] commentary says: "Kòu means to strike." The Shuowen jiezi has the hand classifier [手] and 口, with 口 also serving as phonetic.)

62.94

絛亦 (The first character has the fanqie [討刀] tāo. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Zhouli says: "Its breast-bands and headstalls were adorned with braided silk cord [絛絲]." The Zishu says: "Braiding silk into cords." The Gujin zhengzi says: "Belonging to the category of braids." It has the silk classifier [糸] and abbreviated 攸 as phonetic.)

62.95

句紐 (The first character has the fanqie [苟侯] gōu. The Kaosheng says: "Gōu means to detain; to pull; crooked." The Shuowen jiezi has the wrap classifier [勹] and 口. It is also written with the metal classifier as 鉤. In the Vinaya text it is written as 怐, which is an error. The second character has the fanqie [尼九] niǔ. The Kaosheng says: "A niǔ is a knot that can be unfastened." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Silk thread." It has the silk classifier [系] and 丑 as phonetic.)

62.96

蘡薁 (The first character has the fanqie [益盈] yīng; the second has the fanqie [憂六] yù. The Kaosheng says: "Resembling grapes, but with small black fruit." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A wild vine [蘡]." It has the grass classifier [艸] and 奧 as phonetic.)

62.97

𤌢水 (The first character has the fanqie [奴管] nuǎn. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Nuǎn means warm." It has the fire classifier [火] and 耎 as phonetic. The character 耎 has the fanqie [而兖] ruǎn.)

62.98

屆節 (The first character has the fanqie [皆薤] jiè. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says: "Jiè means to arrive." The Wenzidian shuo says that it is composed of 尸 and 由, meaning 'to arrive by following that whence one comes'; it is an associative compound character.)

62.99

逃𰋲 (The first character has the fanqie [唐勞] táo. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says: "Táo means to depart." Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "To flee into hiding." The Guangya says: "To avoid." The Zishu says: "To run away." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To flee." It has the movement classifier [辵] and 兆 as phonetic. The character 辵 has the fanqie [丑略] chuò. The Vinaya text writes it as 逃, which is erroneous. The second character has the fanqie [伯孟] bèng. The Kaosheng says: "Dispersing and fleeing in disarray." It is also written as 𧻓. The Wenzidian shuo says it has the flee classifier [𡗱] and 屏 as phonetic. In the Vinaya text it is written with the movement classifier as 迸, which is a popular variant.)

62.100

𠛠心 (The first character has the fanqie [椀丸] wān; this is the standard form of the character. The Kaosheng says: "Wān means to gouge curvedly." The Picang says: "Wān means to pare/hollow out." The Zitong says: "Wān means to hollow out like a dipper." The Gujin zhengzi has the knife classifier [刀] and 夗 as phonetic. It is commonly written as 剜, which is also admissible. The character [利-禾+(ㄙ/月)] has the fanqie [扶玄] fán.)

62.101

Fascicle 8

62.102

有紊 (The second character is pronounced like 問 [wèn]. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says: "Wèn means disorder/confusion." The Shuowen jiezi has the silk classifier [糸] and 文 as phonetic.)

62.103

謦欬 (The first syllable is *qīng* [qing + ying fanqie]. The Cangjie pian says: "謦 (*qīng*) is the sound [of clearing the throat]." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It means coughing (欬); it is formed with 'speech' (言) and 殸 as the phonetic component." 殸 is pronounced *qìng*. The second syllable is *kài* [kai + ai fanqie]. Gu Yewang says: "欬 (*kài*) means coughing (欬嗽)." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It means breath rising against the current; it is formed with 'yawn' (欠) and 亥 as the phonetic component." 嗽 is pronounced *sòu* [sang + hou fanqie]).

62.104

嚏噴 (The first syllable is pronounced *tì*. The Cangjie pian says: "Spurting from the nose." The Shuowen jiezi says: "嚏 (*tì*) means to awake and release blocked breath; it is formed with 'mouth' (口) and 疐 as the phonetic component." 疐 has the same pronunciation as the word itself. The second syllable is *pèn* [pen + men fanqie]. The Zhan guo ce says: "The thoroughbred horse bowed its head and snorted (噴), then raised its head and neighed." The Shuowen jiezi says: "噴 (*pèn*) means to snort or scold; it is formed with 'mouth' (口) and 賁 as the phonetic component." 歕 is pronounced *pēn* [pu + men fanqie]).

62.105

顧眄 (The first syllable is *gù* [gu + hu fanqie]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Mao Shi says: "Turning the head around is called 顧 (*gù*)." The Guangya says: "顧 (*gù*) means to turn fond attention to." The Shuowen jiezi says: "顧 (*gù*) means looking back; it is formed with 'head' (頁) and 雇 as the phonetic component." 頁 is pronounced *xié* [xian + jie fanqie]. The second syllable is *miàn* [mian + bian fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "眄 (*miàn*) means to look askance." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It means closing one eye partially; it is formed with 'eye' (目) and 丐 as the phonetic component." 丐 has the same pronunciation as above. 衺 is pronounced *xié*).

62.106

蘿[菔-月+舟] (The first syllable is pronounced *luó*. The second syllable is *fú* [peng + bei fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "蘿菔 (*luófu*) is the name of a vegetable." The Shuowen jiezi says: "蘆菔 (*lúfu*, radish); it resembles a turnip." Both are formed with the 'grass' radical (艸), with 羅 and 服/舟 respectively as the phonetic components).

62.107

斷敵 (The first syllable is *duàn* [duan + guan fanqie]; it is a vulgar character. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Shangshu says: "斷 (*duàn*) means to cut off." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It means to sever; it is formed with 'axe' (斤) and 㡭 as the phonetic component." 㡭 is pronounced *jué*. The Vinaya version writes 拒 (*jù*), which is an error. The second syllable is *dí* [ting + di fanqie]. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "敵 (*dí*) is like an opponent; to match." The Fangyan says: "Those of equal strength are called 敵 (*dí*)." The Shuowen jiezi says: "敵 (*dí*) means an enemy or rival; it is formed with 'strike' (攴) and 啇 as the phonetic component").

62.108

打撲 (The second syllable is *pū* [pu + mu fanqie]. Gu Yewang says: "撲 (*pū*) is like striking or beating." The Guangya says: "It means to strike." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'hand' (手) and 菐 as the phonetic component. 菐 is pronounced *bú*).

62.109

來襲 (The second syllable is *xí* [xun + li fanqie]. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "It means catching them unprepared." The Zhouli says: "襲 (*xí*) means to surprise and capture." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'clothing' (衣) and 龑/龍 as the phonetic component).

62.110

腋挾 (The first syllable is *yè* [ying + chi fanqie]. The Picang says: "腋 (*yè*) is the armpit (胳); it is behind the elbow." The Gujin zhengzi states that it is formed with 'flesh' (肉) and 夜 as the phonetic component. 胳 is pronounced *gē* [ge + ge fanqie]. The second syllable is *xiá* [xian + jia fanqie]. He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: "挾 (*xiá*) means to carry in the bosom." The Erya says: "挾 (*xiá*) means to conceal." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'hand' (手) and 夾 as the phonetic component. [The text further quotes:] Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "A sacrifice to eliminate misfortune." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A sacrifice to remove evils; it is formed with 'spirit' (示) and 犮 as the phonetic component." 犮 is pronounced *bá* [pan + bo fanqie]).

62.111

Fascicle Nine

62.112

瑕隙 (The first syllable is *xiá* [xia + jia fanqie]. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "瑕 (*xiá*) is like an error." Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji says: "瑕 (*xiá*) is a flaw in jade." The Guangya says: "It means a fissure." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'jade' (玉) and 叚 as the phonetic component. The second syllable is *xì* [qing + ni fanqie]).

62.113

嚻聲 (The first syllable is *xiāo* [xu + jiao fanqie]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Zhouli says: "嚻 (*xiāo*) means clamour." The commentary on the Mao Shi says: "嚻 (*xiāo*) is a sound." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Sound and breath rising above the head; it is formed with 㗊 and 頁; 頁 is the head." 㗊 is pronounced *zhé* [zhuang + li fanqie]).

62.114

聒地 (The first syllable is *guō* [guan + huo fanqie]. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "聒 (*guō*) means clamorous shouting." The Cangjie pian says: "聒 (*guō*) means disturbing the ears." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Clamorous speech; it is formed with 'ear' (耳) and 舌 as the phonetic component").

62.115

鐵栿 (The second syllable is pronounced *fú*; it is a vulgar character).

62.116

𧧳讚 (The first syllable is *kuà* [kua + hua fanqie]. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Shangshu says: "Being arrogant and exceeding limits to boast oneself." The Yifa says: "Flowery words devoid of substance are called 𧧳 (*kuà*)." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Boastful and exaggerated; it is formed with 'speech' (言) and 𡗢 as the phonetic component." 𡗢 has the same pronunciation as above).

62.117

蜫蟻 (The first syllable is *kūn* [gun + hun fanqie]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji says: "蜫 (*kūn*) insects are those born in yang and hiding in yin." The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 䖵 and says: "A general name for insects").

62.118

鴟梟 (The first syllable is *chī* [chi + zhi fanqie]. The second syllable is *xiāo* [jiao + yao fanqie]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Mao Shi says: "An ill-omened calling bird").

62.119

Fascicle Ten

62.120

桁竿 (The first syllable is *hàng* [he + lang fanqie]. The second syllable is pronounced *gān*. The Kaosheng says: "桁 (*hàng*) is a clothes rack." The Vinaya version writes it with the 'bamboo' radical as 笐 (*háng*), which is a musical instrument, pronounced *háng* [he + lang fanqie]; it is not the character for a clothes hanger pole).

62.121

一㭰 (Pronounced *cuǐ* [zu + sui fanqie]. The Guangya says: "𭪿 (*cuǐ*) is a mouth." The Zishu says: "It means a beak." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 𣪊 and 束 as the phonetic component; it is also written as 觜 or 𠲿. 束 is pronounced *sì* [ci + si fanqie]. 喙 is pronounced *huì* [hui + wei fanqie]).

62.122

掃篲 (The first syllable is *sǎo* [sao + lao fanqie]. The second syllable is *huì* [sui + rui fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 彗 and says: "A bamboo broom for sweeping; it is formed with 'hand' (又) holding [丰*丰] to sweep." [丰*丰] is pronounced *shēn* [se + zhen fanqie]. The ancient character is written as 曹).

62.123

棖觸 (The first syllable is *chéng* [ze + geng fanqie]. The Kaosheng writes it as 敝 and says: "It means to strike." The Yupian writes it as [打-丁+(臺-至+工)] and says: "It means to prick." Some write it as 敲 and say: "It means colliding and jarring." The Wenzi dianxuo says: "It is formed with 'hand' (手) and 長 as the phonetic component." The Vinaya version writes 㯑, which is incorrect).

62.124

鈕扂 (The first syllable is *niǔ* [ni + liu fanqie]; it was already explained in detail in the preceding seventh fascicle. The second syllable is *diàn* [tian + dian fanqie]; it was already explained in the preceding third fascicle).

62.125

甎垛 (The first syllable is pronounced *zhuān*. The second syllable is *duǒ* [du + guo fanqie]; both were already explained in the preceding third fascicle).

62.126

啗[噯-(心/ㄆ)+(鬯*又)] (The first syllable is *dàn* [tan + lan fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "啗 (*dàn*) means to eat; it is formed with 'mouth' (口) and 臽 as the phonetic component." 臽 is pronounced *xiàn*. The Vinaya version writes 噉, which is a vulgar character. The second syllable is *yè* [qiang + yao fanqie]; it was already explained and glossed in the preceding first fascicle).

62.127

扇樞 (The second syllable is *shū* [chu + zhu fanqie]. Han Kangbo's commentary on the Zhouyi says: "樞 (*shū*, hinge) is the master mechanism that controls movement." The Guangya says: "樞 (*shū*) means root or base." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The pivot of a door; it is formed with 'wood' (木) and 區 as the phonetic component." 區 is pronounced *qū* [qu + yu fanqie]).

62.128

鎗子 (The first syllable is *chēng* [ce + kang fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "A type of cauldron." Some write it as 鐺, which is a vulgar character).

62.129

鐵鍤 (Pronounced *chā* [chen + jia fanqie]. The Fangyan says: "In the region between Song and Wei, a shovel (臿) is called a 鍬 (*qiāo*); in the region between the Yangtze, Huai, and Southern Chu, it is called a 鍤 (*chā*)." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'metal' (金) and 臿 as the phonetic component. 臿 has the same pronunciation as above. 鍬 is pronounced *qiāo* [qi + jiao fanqie]).

62.130

斲斤 (The first syllable is *zhuó* [zhu + jiao fanqie]. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Shangshu says: "斲 (*zhuó*) means to pare." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It means to chop; it is formed with 'axe' (斤) and 𠁁 as the phonetic component." 𠁁 is pronounced *dòu*).

62.131

隤毀 (The first syllable is *tuí* [du + lei fanqie]. The Guangya says: "隤 (*tuí*) means to ruin or collapse." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'mound' (阜) and 貴 as the phonetic component. 阜 is pronounced *fù*).

62.132

Fascicle Eleven

62.133

汝捥 (*wàn* [ba + huan fanqie]; the correct character is [擘-辛+又], the meaning of which was already explained in detail in the seventh fascicle of the Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya. The Vinaya version writes it with the 'flesh' radical as 腕, which is a vulgar character).

62.134

下裠 (Pronounced *qún* [jun + yun fanqie]; it was already explained in the preceding first fascicle. The correct ancient form is written as 帬).

62.135

鉆拔 (The first syllable is *zhān* [qiang + yan fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "鉆 (*zhān*) is an iron pincer, which can be used to nip and take things; it is formed with 'metal' (金) and 占 as the phonetic component." The Vinaya version writes 鉗, which is an iron collar shackled around the neck, not having the sense of pinching and plucking out. The second syllable is *bá* [bian + ba fanqie]. The Shangshu says: "Great trees were uprooted (拔)." Gu Yewang says: "拔 (*bá*) is like pulling something out." The Guangya says: "拔 (*bá*) means to extract." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'hand' (手) and 犮 as the phonetic component. 犮 is pronounced *bá* [pan + bo fanqie]).

62.136

捩齒 (The first syllable is *liè* [lian + nie fanqie]; it was already explained and glossed in detail in the preceding fifth fascicle).

62.137

抉目 (The first syllable is *jué* [hui + yue fanqie]. The Zuo zhuan says: "Using a spear, he gouged out (抉) his intestines." The Zhuangzi says: "Wu Zixu's eyes were gouged out (抉)." The Shuowen jiezi says: "抉 (*jué*) means to pick or gouge out; it is formed with 'hand' (手) and 夬 as the phonetic component").

62.138

以鋸 (Pronounced *jù* [ju + yu fanqie]. The Guoyu says: "In middle antiquity, punishments employed knives and saws (鋸), referring to capital punishments." The Huainanzi says: "Even a skilled craftsman cannot shape timber without knives and saws." A saw can cut through objects. The Shuowen jiezi says: "A saw is a cutting tool; it is formed with 'metal' (金) and 居 as the phonetic component").

62.139

㓟解 (The first syllable is pronounced *pí*. Upon examination, 㓟 (*pí*) has the sense of flaying off the skin; it is a vulgar character. The second syllable is *jiě* [jie + mai fanqie]).

62.140

矛𥎞 (The first syllable is *máo* [mu + hou fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "A long spear; it is a pictograph." The ancient character is written as 𢦵, and also as 𨥨. The second syllable is *zàn* [cang + suan fanqie]. The Guangya says: "䂎 is called a 鋌." The Kaosheng says: "A short spear." The Wenzi dianxuo states that it is formed with 'spear' (矛) and 贊 as the phonetic component).

62.141

鑱身 (The first syllable is *chán* [shi + xian fanqie]. The Huainanzi says: "Carving the flesh and piercing (鑱) the skin until wounded blood flowed." It also refers to acupuncture puncturing. The Shuowen jiezi says: "A sharp piercing instrument; it is formed with 'metal' (金) and [毚-、] as the phonetic component." It is also written as 劖 or 攙. [毚-、] has the same pronunciation as above).

62.142

矟刺 (The first syllable is *shuò* [shuang + zhuo fanqie]. The Guangya says: "矟 (*shuò*) is a lance." The Picang says: "The modern halberd-lance (戟矟)." The Wenzi dianxuo states that it is formed with 'spear' (矛) and 肖 as the phonetic component. The second syllable is *cì* [qing + yi fanqie]. Gu Yewang says: "It means a sharp piercing tool entering into a person's flesh." The Shuowen jiezi says: "刺 (*cì*) means to wound directly; it is formed with 'knife' (刀) and 束 as the phonetic component").

62.143

鎔銅 (The first syllable is *róng* [yong + zhong fanqie]. The Hanshu says: "Like metal in the mold (鎔), it is only cast by the founder." It also says: "鎔 (*róng*) means molten; copper shavings form the melt." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A standard mold for foundry tools; it is formed with 'metal' (金) and 容 as the phonetic component").

62.144

杌木 (The first syllable is *wù* [wu + gu fanqie]. The Yunlue says: "A bare tree with no branches." The Zitong says: "杌 (*wù*) is a severed tree; another says it is a withered tree." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'wood' (木) and 兀 as the phonetic component).

62.145

痰癊 (The first syllable is pronounced *tán*. The second syllable is *yìn* [yin + jin fanqie]; the meaning was already explained in detail in the Sarvāstivāda-vinaya).

62.146

如榍 (Pronounced *xiè* [xian + jie fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 楔 and says: "A wedge (櫼)." 櫼 is pronounced *jiān* [zi + lian fanqie]; it is explained in the thirteenth fascicle).

62.147

頞部陀 (The first syllable is *è* [an + gan fanqie]. In Sanskrit [arbuda], it is the name for a stage of the embryo in the womb).

62.148

稠酪 (The first syllable is *chóu* [zhou + liu fanqie]. The commentary on the Mao Shi says: "稠 (*chóu*) means dense." The Guangya says: "It means thick." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'grain' (禾) and 周 as the phonetic component. 穊 is pronounced *jì*. 酪 is pronounced *luò*).

62.149

㰆扇 (The first syllable is *bèi* [pai + mai fanqie]; the meaning was already explained and glossed previously).

62.150

插在 (The first syllable is *chā* [chen + jia fanqie]. The Shenglei says: "插 (*chā*) means to prick and pierce into." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To pierce and insert; it is formed with 'hand' (手) and 臿 as the phonetic component." 臿 has the same pronunciation as above. 磣 is pronounced *chěn* [chu + jin fanqie]).

62.151

[黧-黑+(企-止+黑)]黑 (The first syllable is *lí* [lu + zhi fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "A blackish-yellow colour." The Gujin zhengzi states that it is formed with 'black' (黑) and the abbreviated 黎 as the phonetic component).

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臠割 (The first syllable is *luǎn* [lie + yan fanqie]. Gu Yewang says: "Cutting meat into small slices." The Wenzi dianxuo states that it is formed with 'flesh' (肉) and the abbreviated 戀 as the phonetic component. 胾 is pronounced *zì* [zi + shi fanqie]. The second syllable is *gē* [gan + he fanqie]).

62.153

Fascicle Twelve

62.154

唼食 (The first syllable is *shà* [yuan + da fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "唼 (*shà*) means sucking." The Zitong says: "唼 (*shà*) means sucking blood; the orthodox character is 𠯗." The Tongsu wen says: "When flavor enters the mouth, it is called 𠯗." The Wenzi dianxuo states that it is formed with 'mouth' (口) and 妾 as the phonetic component. 卪 is pronounced *zā* [za + gan fanqie]. The second syllable is the orthodox character for 'eat' [食]).

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襁褓 (The first syllable is *qiǎng* [jiang + yang fanqie]. Bao Xian's commentary on the Lunyu says: "Those carrying [infants] with an apparatus call it a 襁 (*qiǎng*)." The Bowuzhi says: "Woven from threads, eight inches wide and one zhang two chi long, used to bind an infant to the back." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Clothing for carrying a child; it is formed with 'clothing' (衣) and 強 as the phonetic component." The second syllable is pronounced *bǎo*; the meaning was already explained in detail in the thirteenth fascicle of the Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya).

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𣖀槩 (The first syllable is *gěng* [geng + meng fanqie]. The Erya says: "𣖀 (*gěng*) means straight." The Guangya says: "It means brief outline." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'wood' (木) and 㪅 as the phonetic component. The second syllable is *gài* [gai + ai fanqie]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji says: "That which can level dry measures (dou and hu)." The Shuowen jiezi says: "槩 (*gài*) is a leveling rod used to level dou and hu measures; it is formed with 'wood' (木) and 既 as the phonetic component." 杚 is pronounced *kùn* [kun + wu fanqie]).

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筋脈 (The first syllable is *jīn* [jin + yin fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "The strength of muscle and flesh; it is formed with 'flesh' (肉) and 'bamboo' (竹), as bamboo is a thing rich in fibers; and it is formed with 'strength' (力),力 depicting sinews." The second syllable is pronounced *mài*; it is the orthodox form of the character. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as [覛-見+皿] and says: "The blood vessels flowing and circulating within the body; it is formed with 'blood' (血) and 𠂢 as the phonetic component." 𠂢 is pronounced *mài* [pu + mai fanqie]. The Vinaya version writes 脉, which is a vulgar character).

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㳄唾 (The first syllable is *xián* [xiang + yan fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "㳄 (*xián*) is fluid from the mouth; it is formed with 'yawn' (欠) and 'water' (水)." The Vinaya text writes 涎, which is a vulgar character. The second syllable is *tuò* [tu + wo fanqie]).

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糞鍋 (The first syllable is *fèn* [fen + wen fanqie]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To discard and remove; it is formed with 'two hands' (拱) pushing the winnowing basket (華) to discard excrement. It is formed with 米, which is the ancient character for excrement (屎), resembling rice yet not being it. It is formed with 華, which is pronounced *pán*, belonging to the category of dustpans. It is formed with 廾, pronounced *gǒng*, meaning both hands." The Vinaya text writes it with 'rice' (米) and 異, which is a vulgar character. The second syllable is pronounced *guō* [gu + he fanqie]; it is also a vulgar character. The orthodox form is [一/(口*口)/(冏-口+干)], belonging to the class of cauldrons and kettles, a small footless cauldron. Referring to a 'dung cauldron' signifies the steaming heat, impurity, and filth of the womb, boiling like a cauldron).

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毒瘀 (Pronounced *yū* [yu + ju fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "Coagulated blood within the skin and flesh." The Wenzi dianxuo says: "Accumulated blood; it is formed with 'sickness' (疒) and 於 as the phonetic component").

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鱓蛭 (The first syllable is *shàn* [shan + chan fanqie], a falling-rising tone character. Guo Pu's commentary on the Shanhaijing says: "The 鱓 (*shàn*) fish resembles a snake." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Its skin can be used to make drums; it is formed with 'fish' (魚) and 單 as the phonetic component." The second syllable is *zhì* [zhen + chi fanqie]. The Cangjie pian says: "An aquatic creature capable of sucking human blood." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is formed with 'insect' (虫) and 至 as the phonetic component. 虫 is pronounced *huǐ*).

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Clams and bivalves (蚌蛤: the first is pronounced with the fanqie 龐講. Guo Pu's commentary says: "The bang [蚌] is a clam [𧒏]." The Book of Changes says: "Things that have pearls in their bellies." The Lüshi chunqiu says: "When the moon is full, clams and bivalves are filled; when the moon is dark, clams and bivalves are empty." The Shuowen says: "A bang is an oyster [蠣]; it takes insect [虫] as semantic classifier and feng [丰] as phonetic." The second is pronounced with the fanqie 甘答. The Book of Rites says: "In the last month of autumn, sparrows enter the great water—that is, the sea; a sparrow of a thousand years turns into a bivalve [蛤]." The Shuowen says: "There are three kinds of bivalves, all born in the sea: the oyster bivalve [蛤蠣], transformed from a thousand-year-old sparrow, called in Qin the strong oyster [壯蠣]; the sea bivalve [海蛤], transformed from a hundred-year-old swallow; and the giant clam [魁蛤], which is old and also named puluo [蒲螺], transformed from a bat. It takes insect [虫] as semantic classifier and he [合] as phonetic").

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Good yoke (善軶: pronounced 厄 [è]; this is the standard form of the character. In the sūtra it is written 軛, which is a vulgar variant).

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Flesh pustule (肉疱: pronounced with the fanqie 彭貌. The Shuowen says: "Sores arising from qi on the face." Sometimes written 皰).

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Jawbone (頷車: pronounced with the fanqie 含敢. The Yunying says: "The chin [頥]." The Shiming says: "The hānchē [頷車] is the supporting jawbone [輔車]; sometimes written 頥." Southern Chu refers to the chin [頥] as hān [頷]. It takes head [頁] as semantic classifier and hán [含] as phonetic).

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Palate bone (腭骨: pronounced with the fanqie 我各; a vulgar character. The Kaosheng says: "The è [腭] is the upper palate of the mouth." The Shuowen says: "The upper slope [阿] of the mouth; written with mouth [口] and valley [谷], pronounced with the fanqie 強略, taking mouth [口] and yawn [欠] to depict the patterning. In antiquity it was called gè [各], now called è [咢]; this is a phonetic shift").

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Stomach and chest (胃臆: the first is pronounced with the fanqie 勗恭. The Shuowen says: "The wèi [胃] is the chest [膺]." The second is pronounced 憶 [yì], meaning the breastbone [𦙄骨]. In ancient script it is written [丮-(舉-與)+月]).

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Brittle and precarious ([月*(刀/巳)][刀/(厂@巴)]: the first is pronounced with the fanqie 清歲. The Guangya says: "Fragile and weak." The Zitong says: "Flesh that is soft and easily broken." The Wenzidian shuo says: "Easily shattered." The Shuowen says: "Slightly soft and easily broken; it takes flesh [肉] as semantic classifier and an abbreviated jué [絕] as phonetic." The second is pronounced with the fanqie 隗逵. The Wenzidian shuo says: "Being high up and afraid; a person on a cliff [厂] keeping oneself decorous and still." The Shuowen says: "It takes seal [卪] as semantic classifier and wēi [厃] as phonetic. Wēi is pronounced with the fanqie 危毀, and takes person [人] and cliff [厂] as components").

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Granary and round bin (倉與篅: the last character is pronounced with the fanqie 垂緣. Xu Shen's commentary on the Huainanzi says: "A chuán [篅] is a round bin [[竺-二+(巾-〡+(乳-孚))]." The Wenzidian shuo says: "Woven from bamboo or wood into a round shape, which can contain grains and wheat; it takes bamboo [竹] as semantic classifier and zhuān [耑] as phonetic." [竺-二+(巾-〡+(乳-孚))] is pronounced dùn).

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Hard fat and grease (肪膏: the first is pronounced 方 [fāng]. The Shuowen says: "Fáng [肪] is fat." It takes flesh [肉] as semantic classifier and fāng [方] as phonetic. The second is pronounced 高 [gāo]. The Shiming says: "Congealed grease is called zhǐ [脂]." The Shuowen says: "Fat; it takes moon/flesh [月] as semantic classifier and gāo [高] as phonetic").

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一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese