古今譯經圖紀 2

English (machine translation) 2

Language: English

2.1

Compiled by the scripture-translating śramaṇa Shi Jingmai of the Great Tang.

2.2

The Sima clan of the Western Jin had its capital at Luoyang.

The śramaṇa Zhu Dharmarakṣa—here translated as Fahu—originally had the family name Zhi, and later changed his family name to Zhu. He was a man of the Yuezhi kingdom. Leaving household life at the age of eight, he was exceedingly knowledgeable and discerning. His natural disposition was pure and admirable, and his conduct rigorous and ascetic. Earnest in purpose and fond of learning, he travelled ten thousand leagues in search of masters. Not long after arriving here, he read widely in the Six Classics and immersed his mind in the Seven Books. He understood thirty-six kinds of scripts, and was fully acquainted with glossaries, pronunciations, and meanings. Every day he chanted ten thousand words, and whatever met his eyes he fully retained. Wonderfully conversant with the Tripiṭaka, he carried scriptures and travelled about. He first lived in Dunhuang, and later went to the capital Luoyang. From the first year of the Taishi era of Emperor Wu of the Jin, the year *bingxu*, down to the first year of the Jianxing era of Emperor Min, and extending to the region south of the Yangtze, he translated wherever he stayed:

*Za piyu sanbai wushi shou* [Three Hundred and Fifty Miscellaneous Parables] (twenty-five fascicles),
*Guangzan bore jing* [*Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra*] (ten fascicles),
*Xin daoxing jing* [New *Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra*] (ten fascicles),
*Jianbei yiqie zhi jing* [*Daśabhūmika Sūtra*] (ten fascicles),
*Xianju jing* (ten fascicles),
*Zheng fahua jing* [*Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Sūtra*] (ten fascicles),
*Puyao jing* [*Lalitavistara Sūtra*] (eight fascicles),
*Batuo jie sanmei jing* [*Bhadrakalpika-samādhi Sūtra*] (seven fascicles),
*Xiuxing jing* [*Yogācārabhūmi Sūtra*] (seven fascicles),
*Da'ai jing* [*Mahākaruṇā Sūtra*] (seven fascicles),
*Xianjie jing* [*Bhadrakalpika Sūtra*] (seven fascicles),
*Xiaopin jing* [*Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra*] (seven fascicles),
*Sayun fentuoli jing* [*Saddharmapuṇḍarīka Sūtra*] (six fascicles),
*Chixin jing* [*Cittadhāra-sūtra*] (six fascicles),
*Dushi pin jing* (six fascicles),
*Miji jingang lishi jing* [*Guhyakādhipatinirdeśa*] (five fascicles),
*Loutan jing* [*Lokasthiti Sūtra*] (five fascicles),
*Sheng jing* [*Jātaka Sūtra*] (five fascicles),
*Rulai xingxian jing* [*Tathāgatotpattisaṃbhava-nirdeśa*] (five fascicles),
*Achamo jing* [*Akṣayamatinirdeśa Sūtra*] (four fascicles),
*Wujinyi jing* [*Akṣayamatinirdeśa Sūtra*] (four fascicles),
*Baonü jing* [*Ratnadārikā-paripṛcchā*] (four fascicles),
*Puchao jing* (four fascicles),
*Hai longwang jing* [*Sāgaranāgarāja-paripṛcchā*] (four fascicles),
*Aweiyuezhi jing* [*Avaivartikacakra Sūtra*] (four fascicles),
*Chiren pusa suowen jing* (three fascicles),
*Dengji zhongde sanmei jing* [*Sarvapuṇyasamuccaya-samādhi Sūtra*] (three fascicles),
*Chaoriming sanmei jing* [*Sūryaprabhāsamādhi Sūtra*] (three fascicles),
*Pusazang jing* [*Bodhisattvapiṭaka Sūtra*] (three fascicles),
*Zhu shenzhou jing* (three fascicles),
*Baoji pusa suowen jing* [*Ratnacūḍaparipṛcchā*] (two fascicles),
*Xuzhen tianzi jing* [*Sucintidevaputra-paripṛcchā*] (two fascicles),
*Wenshushili fotu yanjing jing* [*Mañjuśrībuddhakṣetraguṇavyūha Sūtra*] (two fascicles),
*Hongdao guangxian sanmei jing* (two fascicles),
*Da ban nihuan jing* [*Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra*] (two fascicles),
*Wuliangshou jing* [*Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra*] (two fascicles),
*Shoulengyan jing* [*Śūraṅgamasamādhi Sūtra*] (two fascicles),
*Baozang jing* [*Ratnakaraṇḍaka Sūtra*] (two fascicles),
*Yaoji jing* (two fascicles),
*Banzhou sanmei jing* [*Pratyutpanna-samādhi Sūtra*] (two fascicles),
*Da shanquan jing* [*Upāyakauśalya Sūtra*] (two fascicles),
*Shunquan fangbian jing* (two fascicles),
*Suiquannü jing* (two fascicles),
*Ruhuan sanmei jing* [*Māyāopamasamādhi Sūtra*] (two fascicles),
*Dengmu pusa jing* (two fascicles),
*Yongfu ding jing* (two fascicles),
*Gengchu Asheshiwang jing* [*Ajātaśatrurāja Sūtra*, retranslated] (one fascicle),
*Guhe jing* (two fascicles),
*Wenshushili xian baozang jing* (two fascicles),
*Fo sheng Daolitian wei mu shuofa jing* [Sūtra of the Buddha Ascending to the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven to Preach the Dharma for His Mother] (one fascicle),
*Renwang bore boluomi jing* (one fascicle),
*Pumenpin jing* [Universal Gate Chapter Sūtra] (one fascicle),
*Yueguang tongzi jing* [*Candraprabhakumāra Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Jingangzang pusa xing jing* (one fascicle),
*Dajing famen jing* (one fascicle),
*Ligoushi nü jing* [*Vimaladattāparipṛcchā*] (one fascicle),
*Xumoti pusa jing* [*Sumatidārikā-paripṛcchā*] (one fascicle),
*Longshi nü jing* (one fascicle),
*Dafangdeng dingwang jing* (one fascicle),
*Wusuoxiwang jing* (one fascicle),
*Moni jing* (one fascicle),
*Ji zhu fangdeng xue jing* (one fascicle),
*Pusa xing wushi yuanshen jing* (one fascicle),
*Mile pusa suowen benyuan jing* [*Maitreyabodhisattvapūrvapraṇidhāna Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Wenshushili jinglü jing* (one fascicle),
*Wuji bao sanmei jing* (one fascicle),
*Baowang tongzi jing* [*Ratnajālikaparipṛcchā*] (one fascicle),
*Pufayi jing* (one fascicle),
*Wenshushili huiguo jing* (one fascicle),
*Mie shifang ming jing* (one fascicle),
*Pusa shidi jing* [*Daśabhūmika Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Wenshi xiyu zhuseng jing* (one fascicle),
*Laituohaluo suowen guangde taizi jing* [*Rāṣṭrapālaparipṛcchā*] (one fascicle),
*Danglai bian jing* (one fascicle),
*Wubai dizi zishuo benqi jing* (one fascicle),
*Shiziyue fosheng jing* (one fascicle),
*Jiashe jieji zhuan jing* (one fascicle),
*Nanü Qiyu jing* [Sūtra of Āmrapālī and Jīvaka] (one fascicle),
*Baotai jing* [*Garbhāvakrāntinirdeśa*] (one fascicle),
*Weimojie suoshuo famen jing* [*Vimalakīrtinirdeśa Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Yujialuoyue wen pusa xing jing* [*Ugradattaparipṛcchā*] (one fascicle),
*Huanshi Renxian jing* [*Bhadramāyākāravyākaraṇa*] (one fascicle),
*Jue zongchi jing* (one fascicle),
*Shouyi nü jing* (one fascicle),
*Shetoujian jing* [*Śārdūlakarṇāvadāna*] (one fascicle),
*Shi'er yinyuan jing* [*Dvādaśanidāna Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Liushi'er jian jing* (two fascicles),
*Si ziqin jing* (one fascicle),
*Wuyan tongzi jing* (one fascicle),
*Sheng fayin jing* (one fascicle),
*Yishan jing* (one fascicle),
*Wusiyi haitong pusa jing* [*Acintyasiśudārikā Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Mile chengfo jing* [Sūtra on Maitreya Becoming Buddha] (one fascicle),
*Shelifu Muliang you zhuguo jing* (one fascicle),
*Liuliwang jing* [Virūḍhaka-rāja Sūtra] (one fascicle),
*Baoshi nü jing* (one fascicle),
*Fo wei pusa wumeng jing* (one fascicle),
*Mohe Mujianlian ben jing* (one fascicle),
*Taizi Mupo jing* (one fascicle),
*Si bukede jing* (one fascicle),
*Pusa huiguo fa jing* (one fascicle),
*Ruguang jing* (one fascicle),
*Xinmingnü fanzhifu fanzhishi jing* (one fascicle),
*Da liuxiangbai jing* (one fascicle),
*Yangjuemo jing* [*Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Pusa shizhu jing* [*Daśabhūmika Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Modiaowang jing* (one fascicle),
*Zhaoming sanmei jing* (one fascicle),
*Suoyu zhihuan jing* (one fascicle),
*Famo jin jing* (one fascicle),
*Pusa zhaifa jing* (one fascicle),
*Duzheng zishi sanmei jing* (one fascicle),
*Guoqu fo fenwei jing* (one fascicle),
*Wugai yijie shixing jing* (one fascicle),
*Zongchi jing* [*Dhāraṇī Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Wuyoushi jing* (one fascicle),
*Wufu shi jing* (one fascicle),
*Yanjingding jing* (one fascicle),
*Huiming jing* (one fascicle),
*Da Jiashe ben jing* (one fascicle),
*Guangshiyin Dashizhi shoujue jing* (one fascicle),
*Zhufang foming gongde jing* (one fascicle),
*Mulian shang jingjutian jing* (one fascicle),
*Pushou tongzhen jing* (one fascicle),
*Shifang foming jing* (one fascicle),
*Sanpin xiuxing jing* (one fascicle),
*Jinyi zhangzhezi jing* (one fascicle),
*Zhongyou jing* (one fascicle),
*Guanxing buyi sishi jing* (one fascicle),
*Xiao famo jin jing* (one fascicle),
*Si fu yu jing* (one fascicle),
*Luyigeng jing* (one fascicle),
*Eluowang jing* (one fascicle),
*Tannuo jing* (one fascicle),
*Longshi jing* (one fascicle),
*Mawang jing* (one fascicle),
*Lumu jing* (one fascicle),
*Jigudu mingde jing* (one fascicle),
*Longwang xiongdi shida shiwang jing* (one fascicle),
*Quanhuawang jing* (one fascicle),
*Bai foming jing* (one fascicle),
*Zhi zhongdeben jing* (one fascicle),
*Shamen guozheng jing* [*Śrāmaṇyaphalanirdeśa Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Fo huiguo jing* (one fascicle),
*Sanzhuan yueming jing* (one fascicle),
*Jie wuchang jing* (one fascicle),
*Taizang jing* (one fascicle),
*Ligougai jing* (one fascicle),
*Xiao Yujia jing* (one fascicle),
*Asheyinü jing* (one fascicle),
*Ren suoconglai jing* (one fascicle),
*Jie Luoyun jing* (one fascicle),
*Yanwang jing* (one fascicle),
*Shidengzang jing* (one fascicle),
*Yanwang wubaiyan ju jing* (one fascicle),
*Jieju jing* (one fascicle),
*Jue daosu jing* (one fascicle),
*Mengshi jing* (one fascicle),
*Chengyu jing* (one fascicle),
*Jiewang jing* (one fascicle),
*Pusa zhai jing* (one fascicle),
*Duowen jing* (one fascicle),
*Mile pusa wei nüshen jing* (one fascicle),
*Lishui jing* (one fascicle),
*Wenshushili pusa jing* (one fascicle),
*Wuyi jing* (one fascicle),
*Baori guangming pusa jing* (one fascicle),
*Lexiang jing* (one fascicle),
*Zunshang jing* (one fascicle),
*Shenguan jing* (one fascicle),
*Yiwang jing* (one fascicle),
*Faguan jing* (one fascicle),
*Yi jing* (one fascicle),
*Jianglong jing* (one fascicle),
*Yingfa jing* (one fascicle),
*Xiejian jing* (one fascicle),
*Heku jing* (one fascicle),
*Shousui jing* (one fascicle),
*Pinqiong jing* (one fascicle),
*Guanla jing* (one fascicle),
*Miju jing* (one fascicle),
*Huiguo jing* (one fascicle),
*Fanzui jing* (one fascicle),
*Fashe jing* (one fascicle),
*Zazan jing* (one fascicle),
*Yulan jing* [*Ullambana Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Fenbie jing* (one fascicle),
*Fushi jing* (one fascicle),
*Kuying jing* (one fascicle),
*Xianju jing* (one fascicle),
*Sizhongren jing* (one fascicle),
*Qibao jing* (one fascicle),
*Si weicengyou jing* (one fascicle),
*Bayang jing* (one fascicle),
*Sanshier xiang yinyuan jing* (one fascicle),
*Si zizai shentong jing* (one fascicle),
*Ciren wen bashizhonghao jing* (one fascicle),
*Fanaluo jing* (one fascicle),
*Suilan ben jing* (one fascicle),
*Pinnü wei guowang furen jing* (one fascicle),
*Baonü wen hui jing* (one fascicle),
*Qinü ben jing* (one fascicle),
*Nüren yuchi huangmi jing* (one fascicle),
*Xipili tianzi yi fo shuoge jing* (one fascicle),
*Fanwang bianshen jing* (one fascicle),
*Guangshiyin jing* (one fascicle),
*Weiming ershi ge jing* (one fascicle),
*Sanpin huiguo jing* (one fascicle),
*Qishejushan jie jing* (one fascicle),
*Biqiuni jie jing* [*Bhikṣuṇī-prātimokṣa Sūtra*] (one fascicle),
*Zhongjing mulu* [Catalogue of the Scriptures] (one fascicle).
Total: two hundred and ten works, comprising three hundred and ninety-four fascicles. The upāsaka Nie Chengyuan served as scribe.

2.4

The śramaṇa Qiangliang Louzhi—here translated as Zhenxi—was a man of the Western Regions. His mind and disposition were vast and unrestrained, and he had the propagation of the teachings at heart. In the second year of the Taikang era of Emperor Wu of the Jin, the year *xinchou*, he translated in Guangzhou:
*Shi'er you jing* (one fascicle).

2.5

The śramaṇa An Faxin was a man of Parthia. His learning was rich in the various scriptures, and his language was conversant with the customs of Jin. His profound insight met no impediment, and he successfully promulgated the mysterious gate. Beginning in the second year of the Taikang era of Emperor Wu of the Jin, the year *xinchou*, down to the first year of the Guangxi era of Emperor Hui, the year *bingyin*, he translated in Luoyang:
*Da A-yu-wang jing* [*Aśokarājasūtra*] (five fascicles),
*Dao shentong wuji bianhua jing* (one fascicle),
*Wenshushili xian baozang jing* (two fascicles),
*Asheshiwang jing* [*Ajātaśatrurāja Sūtra*] (two fascicles),
*Anan muxie jing* [*Ānandamukha Sūtra*] (one fascicle).
Total: five works, comprising twelve fascicles.

2.6

The śramaṇa Mokṣala was a man from Khotan. In the first year of the Yuankang era of Emperor Hui of the Jin, which was the xinhai year, he translated at Shui'nan Temple in Cangheng: the Fangguang banruo jing (Pañcaviṃśatisāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, twenty fascicles). The Sanskrit text of this sūtra was sent back to Luoyang from Khotan by the śramaṇa Zhu Shixing through his disciple Punyadhana. Before Punyadhana departed, the Hīnayāna scholar-monks there went to the king and slandered Shixing, saying that the sūtra was not the spoken word of the Buddha. Thereupon Shixing immediately asked to burn the sūtra to prove it, and the king granted his request. They then piled up a fire to burn it and cast the sūtra into the flames. When the fire died out, the sūtra remained intact, becoming even more bright and pure. The king and his ministers were astonished and struck with awe, all proclaiming it a divine inspiration. Consequently, it was dispatched and reached here.

2.7

The śramaṇa Zhu Shulan was a man from the Western Regions. His understanding was the foremost model among people, and his conduct was the purest of all. During the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin, he travelled and taught, arriving at Luoyang, where he translated at Luoyang: the Yi Weimolajie jing (Vimalakīrtinirdeśa Sūtra, three fascicles) and the Śūraṅgamasamādhi Sūtra (two fascicles). In all, two works comprising five fascicles.

2.8

The śramaṇa Bai Fazhu was a native of Henei, originally surnamed Wan. He went forth into homelessness (pravrajyā) at an early age. His talent and intellect were exceptionally acute, penetrating, and brilliantly lucid, surpassing all others. He chanted eight or nine thousand words of scripture daily. He savoured the deep meanings of the Vaipulya sūtras, wonderfully penetrating their subtle mysteries. Of secular texts and ancient classics, there were few that he had not mastered comprehensively. He then founded a monastery in Chang'an and made lecturing and study his vocation. The Grand Preceptor, Prince Yong of Hejian, who was stationed in the Guanzhong region, revered and honoured him immensely. Outstanding scholars and men of talent all submitted to his virtue. Being widely learned, Fazhu was skilled in both Sanskrit and the Jin language. During the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin, he translated: the Yanjing fotu jing (Purifying the Buddha-field Sūtra, two fascicles); the Nihuan jing (Nirvāṇa Sūtra, two fascicles); the Shanquan jing (Skillful Means Sūtra, one fascicle); the Chixin fanzhi jing (Cittadhāra-brahmacārin Sūtra, one fascicle); the Dande tuoluoni jing (Daṇḍa-dhāraṇī Sūtra, one fascicle); the Dafangdeng rulai zang jing (Mahāvaipulya Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra, one fascicle); the Rulai xingxian jing (Tathāgatotpattisaṃbhava Sūtra, one fascicle); the Hai longwang jing (Sāgaranāgarāja Sūtra, one fascicle); the Zhangzhe xiuxing jing (Elder's Practice Sūtra, one fascicle); the Wubai tongzi jing (Five Hundred Youths Sūtra, one fascicle); the Fo wen si tongzi jing (Sūtra of the Buddha's Questions to the Four Youths, one fascicle); the Tiaofu wangzi daoxin jing (Sūtra on Subduing the Prince's Aspiration for the Path, one fascicle); the Shi tongzi jing (Vow of the Youth Sūtra, one fascicle); the Wubai wangzi zuo jingtu yuan jing (Sūtra of the Five Hundred Princes Making Vows for the Pure Land, one fascicle); the San youtong jing (Three Young Boys Sūtra, one fascicle); the Er tongzi jian fo shuo ji gongyang jing (Sūtra of the Two Youths Who Saw the Buddha, Spoke Verses, and Made Offerings, one fascicle); the Da Aidao ban nihuan jing (Mahāprajāpatī-parinirvāṇa Sūtra, one fascicle); the Dengji sanmei jing (Samādhisaṃgīti Sūtra, one fascicle); the Shouda jing (Sudatta Sūtra, one fascicle); the Wuliang pomo tuoluoni jing (Immeasurable Māra-Destroying Dhāraṇī Sūtra, one fascicle); the Xianzhe wufu jing (Five Blessings of the Wise Sūtra, one fascicle); the Yujialuoyue wen pusa jing (Ugra's Questions to the Bodhisattva Sūtra, one fascicle); and the Weidai pusa jing (Sūtra on the Bodhisattva *Veda, one fascicle); in total, twenty-three works comprising twenty-five fascicles.

2.9

The śramaṇa Zhi Fadu, in the first year of the Yongning era of Emperor Hui of the Jin, which was the xinyou year, translated: the Wenshushili xian baozang jing (Mañjuśrī's Manifestation of the Treasure Treasury Sūtra, two fascicles); the Shishan shi'e jing (Ten Good and Ten Evil Actions Sūtra, one fascicle); the Shi tongzi jing (Vow of the Youth Sūtra, one fascicle); and the Shanshengzi jing (Singālovāda Sūtra, one fascicle); in total, four works comprising five fascicles. The upāsaka Nie Daozhen was the son of Nie Chengyuan. Both father and son were pure and perceptive, making translation work their occupation. From the Taikang era of Emperor Wu of the Jin to the end of the Yongjia era of Emperor Huai, he consulted with Dharmarakṣa and served as his scribe. After Dharmarakṣa passed away, Daozhen translated on his own fifty-four works of sūtra comprising sixty-six fascicles, namely: the Shizhu jing (Daśabhūmika Sūtra, twelve fascicles); the Zhufo yao jing (Essential Sūtra of All Buddhas, two fascicles); the Guanshiyin shouji jing (Avalokiteśvara's Prediction of Enlightenment Sūtra, one fascicle); the Jiyin pusa yuan jing (Vows of Bodhisattva Śāntasvara Sūtra, one fascicle); the Da guangming pusa bai sishi ba yuan jing (One Hundred and Forty-Eight Vows of Bodhisattva Mahāprabhā Sūtra, one fascicle); the Wenshushili ban niepan jing (Mañjuśrī-parinirvāṇa Sūtra, one fascicle); the Shizi bulei pusa wen faxin jing (Bodhisattva Siṃhavikrāntagāmin's Questions on Arousing the Mind [for Awakening] Sūtra, one fascicle); the Dayun mizang wen dahai sanmei jing (Great Cloud Secret Treasury's Questions on the Ocean Samādhi Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pushou tongzhen jing (Mañjuśrīkumārabhūta Sūtra, one fascicle); the Jiyin pusa wen wuzhuo jing (Bodhisattva Śāntasvara's Questions on the Five Turbidities Sūtra, one fascicle); the Wuyan pusa liutong fa jing (Bodhisattva Nirvācaka's Propagation of the Dharma Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa jie yaoyi jing (Essential Meaning of Bodhisattva Precepts Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa he shuimian jing (Bodhisattva's Rebuke of Sleep Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa he jia guo jing (Bodhisattva's Rebuke of the Faults of the Household Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa ruyi shentong jing (Bodhisattva's Miraculous Powers of Wish-Fulfillment Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa kuxing jing (Bodhisattva's Ascetic Practices Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa suming jing (Bodhisattva's Past Lives Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa shouzhai jing (Bodhisattva's Observance of Fasting Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa daoshi xing jing (Bodhisattva's Guidance and Practice Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa qiu fo benye jing (Bodhisattva's Seeking the Fundamental Activities of the Buddha Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa fengshi yi ta zuo yuannian jing (Bodhisattva's Making Offerings, Approaching the Stūpa, and Forming Vows Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa benyuan xing pin jing (Bodhisattva's Original Vows and Practices Chapter Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa qiu wuyan fa jing (Bodhisattva's Seeking the Five Eyes Method Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa chuyao xing wu'ai famen jing (Bodhisattva's Deliverance Practice and Unhindered Dharma-Door Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa chu faxin shi jing (Bodhisattva's Initial Generation of the Mind Sūtra, one fascicle); the Dafangguang pusa shidi jing (Mahāvaipulya Bodhisattva Daśabhūmika Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa jieshen zizai jing (Bodhisattva's Precept-Body Mastery Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa sanfa jing (Bodhisattva's Three Dharmas Sūtra, one fascicle); the Wuyan pusa jing (Bodhisattva Nirvācaka Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa daoxing liufa jing (Bodhisattva's Practice of the Six Dharmas Sūtra, one fascicle); the Sanmanduobatuoluo pusa jing (Bodhisattva Samantabhadra Sūtra, one fascicle); the Wugoushi pusa fenbie baoying jing (Bodhisattva Vimaladatta's Discernment of Karmic Retribution Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa chudi jing (Bodhisattva's First Ground Sūtra, one fascicle); the Rutong pusa jing (Bodhisattva Māṇava Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa shidaodi jing (Bodhisattva's Ten Stages of the Path Sūtra, one fascicle); the Guangwei pusa zao qibao ti jing (Bodhisattva Prabhārasa's Building the Seven-Jewelled Ladder Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa yuanshen wushi shi jing (Fifty Conditions of the Bodhisattva's Body Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa jie zizai jing (Bodhisattva's Precept Mastery Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa shifa zhu jing (Bodhisattva's Abiding in the Ten Dharmas Sūtra, one fascicle); the Boseni wang yu fa Angjuemoluo jing (King Prasenajit's Desire to Attack Aṅgulimāla Sūtra, one fascicle); the Zhuanlun shengbang qibao juzu jing (Cakravartin King's Possession of the Seven Treasures Sūtra, one fascicle); the Zhuanlun shengbang faxin qiu jingtu jing (Cakravartin King's Arousing the Mind to Seek the Pure Land Sūtra, one fascicle); the Wenshushili yu Liyi nü lunyi jing (Mañjuśrī's Debate with the Woman Liyi Sūtra, one fascicle); the Wenshushili jinglü jing (Mañjuśrī's Pure Vinaya Sūtra, one fascicle); the Chufayi pusa xing yixing fa (Easy Practice Method for Bodhisattvas of Initial Resolve, one fascicle); the Pusa bushi chanhui fa (Bodhisattva's Method of Giving and Repentance, one fascicle); the Pusa jie du shoudan wen (Text on Solely Receiving the Bodhisattva Precepts of Dāna, one fascicle); the Pusa chanhui fa (Bodhisattva's Method of Repentance, one fascicle); the Pusa lixing fa (Bodhisattva's Method of Detached Practice, one fascicle); the Pusa suoxing sifa (Four Dharmas Practiced by Bodhisattvas, one fascicle); the Pusa wufa xing jing (Bodhisattva's Five Dharma Practices Sūtra, one fascicle); the Pusa liufa xing jing (Bodhisattva's Six Dharma Practices Sūtra, one fascicle); the Yichu pusa benqi jing (Different Edition of the Sūtra of the Bodhisattva's Past Origins, one fascicle); and the Zhongjing lumu (Catalogue of Scriptures, one fascicle).

2.10

The śramaṇa Fali was distinguished in wisdom and the Path, making the awakening of living beings his priority. During the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin, together with Faju and others, he brought forth in Luoyang four works of scripture comprising thirteen fascicles: the Loutan jing (Lokasthāna Sūtra, six fascicles); the Faju benmo jing (Dharmapadanidāna Sūtra, five fascicles); the Dafangdeng rulai zang jing (Mahāvaipulya Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra, one fascicle); and the Zhude futian jing (Fields of Merit of Virtues Sūtra, one fascicle).

2.11

The śramaṇa Faju possessed a towering capacity, with wandering and transforming [beings] ever in his heart. In the reign of Emperor Hui of the Jin, he initially translated [scriptures] together with [Fa]li. After [Fa]li passed away, Faju then personally translated texts: one hundred thirty-two works in one hundred forty-two fascicles altogether. Namely: the Loutan jing (eight fascicles); the Yijiao falü jing (three fascicles); the Zhujing pusa ming jing (two fascicles); the Fo wei biqiu shuo shaotou yu jing (one fascicle); the Boseni wang zumu mingzhong jing (one fascicle); the Monü wen fo shuofa de nanshen jing (one fascicle); the Shuai li jing (one fascicle); the Wuju jing (one fascicle); the Pushi jing (one fascicle); the Wuchang jing (one fascicle); the Man fa jing (one fascicle); the Shu jing (one fascicle); the Mingcheng jing (one fascicle); the Shouchi jing (one fascicle); the Renru jing (one fascicle); the Shi jing (one fascicle); the Guan jing (one fascicle); the Futian jing (one fascicle); the Fuxing jing (one fascicle); the Rouruan jing (one fascicle); the Zheng jing (one fascicle); the Fu yin jing (one fascicle); the Weicui jing (one fascicle); the Xi hui jing (one fascicle); the Yaoyi jing (one fascicle); the Qiu yu jing (one fascicle); the Ju bo jing (one fascicle); the Yaodao jing (one fascicle); the Fahai jing (one fascicle); the Xiaoshi jing (one fascicle); the Fangyi jing (one fascicle); the Huihe jing (one fascicle); the Qunniu pi jing (one fascicle); the Zhu jin yu jing (one fascicle); the Ducao yu jing (one fascicle); the Henghe yu jing (one fascicle); the Xuhe yu jing (one fascicle); the Muchu yu jing (one fascicle); the Tiaoda yu jing (one fascicle); the Yinger yu jing (one fascicle); the Dashe piyu jing (one fascicle); the Zhaojia qing tu pi jing (one fascicle); the Chenhuihe piyu jing (one fascicle); the Du yu jing (one fascicle); the Feiniao yu jing (one fascicle); the Piyu liu ren jing (one fascicle); the Qunyang yu jing (one fascicle); the Tianfu yu jing (one fascicle); the Ma yu jing (one fascicle); the Weitixi zi yueye wen furen jing (one fascicle); the Dingsheng wang gushi jing (one fascicle); the Boseni wang yi fo you wu weiyi jing (one fascicle); the Boseni wang sang mu jing (one fascicle); the Jingfan wang ban nihuan jing (one fascicle); the Asheshi wang shoujue jing (one fascicle); the Asheshi wang wen wuni jing (one fascicle); the Zhuanlun shengbwang qibao xian shijian jing (one fascicle); the Pinbisuoluo wang yi fo gongyang jing (one fascicle); the Liuli wang gong shizi jing (one fascicle); the Boseni wang taihou beng chentu fenshen jing (one fascicle); the Youtian wang jing (one fascicle); the Asheshi wang wen chenhen cong he sheng jing (one fascicle); the Boseni wang nü mingguo yi fo jing (one fascicle); the Luohan yu Pingsha wang jing (one fascicle); the Mingdishishi jing (one fascicle); the Henan jing (one fascicle); the Yangjuemo fu si jing (one fascicle); the Afanheli biqiu wuchang jing (one fascicle); the Boli biqiu bang fanxing jing (one fascicle); the Mohe biqiu jing (one fascicle); the Juti biqiu jing (one fascicle); the Tiaoda jiao ren wei e jing (one fascicle); the Tiaoda wen fo yanse jing (one fascicle); the Zunzhe Dujia duyi siwei jing (one fascicle); the Chamo biqiu yu zhongbing jing (one fascicle); the Zhanbo biqiu jing (one fascicle); the Yangjueji jing (one fascicle); the Biqiu fenwei jing (one fascicle); the Fo kanbing biqiu bu shou zhangzhe qing jing (one fascicle); the Fo wei zhu biqiu shuo mo siwei shijian jing (one fascicle); the Biqiu qiu zhengren jing (one fascicle); the Biqiu wen fo duo youpose mingzhong jing (one fascicle); the Fo wei biqiu shuo dali jing (one fascicle); the Fo wei nianshao biqiu shuo zhengshi jing (one fascicle); the Congming biqiu jing (one fascicle); the Dabei biqiu benyuan jing (one fascicle); the Luohan Jialuotuoyi jing (one fascicle); the Henan shi jing (one fascicle); the Luoxun yu jing (one fascicle); the Fo xiang Yangjuemo renmin huanxi jing (one fascicle); the Youtuoyi zuo shuxia jiqing tiaofu jing (one fascicle); the Jinshi jingshe zunzhe bing jing (one fascicle); the Nanti shi jing (one fascicle); the Fumi jing (one fascicle); the Biqiu ge yan zhi jing (one fascicle); the Biqiu jibing jing (one fascicle); the Biqiu yu se yanli jing (one fascicle); the Fo wei biqiu shuo sanfa jing (one fascicle); the Zuochan biqiu mingguo shengtian jing (one fascicle); the Biqiu bi nü eming yu zisha jing (one fascicle); the Biqiu wen fo hegu she shi xuedao jing (one fascicle); the Fo wei biqiu shuo jishen xiannan chu jing (one fascicle); the Shahe biqiu gongde jing (one fascicle); the Shenqian xue biqiu jing (one fascicle); the Xiangying xiangke jing (one fascicle); the Bifang shili jing (one fascicle); the Qianshi sanzhuan jing (one fascicle); the Shaoduo zhijie jing (one fascicle); the Qiuyu shuofa jing (one fascicle); the Zhongsheng shenhui jing (one fascicle); the Xin neng du he jing (one fascicle); the Kuyin yinshi jing (one fascicle); the Ye yu shaoduo jing (one fascicle); the Yixin yiyu jing (one fascicle); the Xiangxie weifa jing (one fascicle); the Shuofa nanzhi jing (one fascicle); the Zengyi ahan jing (one fascicle); the Jimu shaoran jing (one fascicle); the Hengshui liushu jing (one fascicle); the Xieye zihuo fa jing (one fascicle); the Zhantan tu ta jing (one fascicle); the Yanse xiangji jing (one fascicle); the Chuzhong xingdao jing (one fascicle); the Wushi benji jing (one fascicle); the Wanggu zaoxing jing (one fascicle); the She zhu shiwu jing (one fascicle); the Zhongsheng weiran sanjie jing (one fascicle); the You zhongsheng sanshi zuo e jing (one fascicle); the Renmin yiji shou sangui jing (one fascicle); the Xin ren zhe sheng wuzhong guohuan jing (one fascicle); the Sida seshen sheng yanli jing (one fascicle); [and] the Yi jin gong Taishan shuzui jing (one fascicle).

2.12

The translators' names are lost for eight works in fifteen fascicles altogether. The two separate catalogues of the Wu and Fei Changfang's Record of the Three Treasures both state that they were translated during the Yuankang era of Emperor Hui of the Western Jin. Namely: the Dushipin jing (six fascicles); the Rulai mimizang jing (two fascicles); the Anouda longwang jing (two fascicles); the Fangdeng tuoluoni jing (one fascicle); the Baoyan jing (one fascicle); the Wu fude jing (one fascicle); the Ming xiangxu jietuodi boluomi jing (one fascicle); [and] the Dizi xue you sanbei jing (one fascicle).

2.13

Eastern Jin: the Sima clan, whose capital was Jiankang.

2.14

The śramaṇa Śrīmitra, translated here as Jiyou ("Auspicious Friend"), was a man from the Western Regions and the crown prince of a kingdom. Having yielded the realm to his younger brother, he subsequently became a śramaṇa. His natural endowment was lofty and luminous, and his demeanor was refined and outstanding; in deportment and appearance, he was extraordinary and stood far above ordinary worldly beings. In the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Jin, he came to visit Jiankang and stayed at Jianchu Monastery. Chancellor Wang Dao saw him and marvelled at him. Wang Dao once called upon Śrīmitra, and Jiyou loosened his belt and reclined at ease. But when Director of the Imperial Secretariat Bian Wangzhi arrived, Jiyou adjusted his expression and sat up straight. When someone asked the reason for this, Śrīmitra said: "Lord Wang meets people with expansive spirit and natural ease; Director Bian measures things with rule and restraint. It is simply because of this." He was broadly conversant in both internal and external learning, and in conversation was fluent and quick-witted. Among the directors, vice directors, princes, and dukes of the Jin dynasty, all without exception deeply esteemed him, and everyone admired him with sighs of praise. He was skilled in dhāraṇī arts and proficient in Sanskrit chanting. His contemporaries called him Master of the High Seat. He translated the Guanding jing and other texts, making three works in eleven fascicles altogether. Namely: the Guanding jing (nine fascicles); the Da kongque wang shenzhou jing (one fascicle); [and] the Kongque wang za shenzhou jing (one fascicle).

2.15

The śramaṇa Zhi Daolin practiced savoring [the Dharma] and journeyed about, cherishing the Way and benefiting beings. In the first year of Xiankang under Emperor Cheng of the Jin, the year being yihai, he translated the Fangdeng fahua jing (five fascicles). Furthermore, in the first year of Taikang, he translated the Achu fochai zhu pusa xuechengpin jing (two fascicles).

2.16

The śramaṇa Zhu Tanwulan, translated as Fazheng (Righteousness of the Dharma), was a native of the Western Regions. From the sixth year of the Taiyuan era of Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin (xin-si) [381 CE] to the twentieth year of the Taiyuan era (yi-wei) [395 CE], at the Xie Zhenxi Monastery in the capital Yangdu, he translated 111 sūtras in a total of 112 fascicles. Among them, some he translated himself, and others he extracted from larger collections. They are: the Yizu jing (two fascicles), the Erbai liushi jie san bu he yi (two fascicles), the Sanshiqi pin jing (one fascicle), the Xianjie qian fo ming jing (one fascicle), the Ba shi jing (one fascicle), the Yu ye jing (one fascicle), the Hediao ana-han jing (one fascicle), the Jiede jing (one fascicle), the Qi meng jing (one fascicle), the Shuimo suo piao jing (one fascicle), the Biqiu ting shi jing (one fascicle), the Zhi chan fa jing (one fascicle), the Shexing fa jing (one fascicle), the Bao xiang jing (one fascicle), the Qun niu qian tou jing (one fascicle), the Jusa guo wu wang jing (one fascicle), the Fufu jing (one fascicle), the Duniu jing (one fascicle), the Yejie jing (one fascicle), the Lü luo jing (one fascicle), the Guhu niao jing (one fascicle), the Kongque jing (one fascicle), the Wuku jing (one fascicle), the Shi shan shi e jing (one fascicle), the Ziai jing (one fascicle), the Anan nian mi jing (one fascicle), the Guowang bulixianni shi meng jing (one fascicle), the Motian guowang jing (one fascicle), the Milian jing (one fascicle), the Fanzhi eboluoyan wen zhong zun jing (one fascicle), the Jizhi guo jing (one fascicle), the Luopo niao wei ying suo zhuo jing (one fascicle), the Dayu shi jing (one fascicle), the Jian shui shijie jing (one fascicle), the Xin sui jing (one fascicle), the Fo jian Fantian ding jing (one fascicle), the Bie mihou jing (one fascicle), the Chizui wu yu jing (one fascicle), the Wu wuwo jing (one fascicle), the Jie xiangying jing (one fascicle), the Anou feng jing (one fascicle), the Anan duohuan luoyun mu jing (one fascicle), the Ayu wang gongyang daochang shu jing (one fascicle), the Cai lianhua wang jing (one fascicle), the Si tianwang anxing shijian jing (one fascicle), the Dishan cixin zhansheng jing (one fascicle), the Sanshisantian yuan guan jing (one fascicle), the Biqiu wen Fo Shit Huan-yin yinyuan jing (one fascicle), the Tian yu xiuluo yu douzhan jing (one fascicle), the Tiandi shoujie jing (one fascicle), the Shiti Huanyin yi Moliang fangguang jing (one fascicle), the Fantian ceshu jing (one fascicle), the Zhu tiandi jing (one fascicle), the Biqiu yu yu tianzi fangguang jing (one fascicle), the Zhu tian wen Rulai jingjie bukesiyi jing (one fascicle), the Tianshen jin bao jing (one fascicle), the Zuiye baoying jing (one fascicle), the Jiuhu shenming jing (one fascicle), the Ji xiushi xing jing (one fascicle), the Quan xing you zheng jing (one fascicle), the Chansi manzu jing (one fascicle), the Zhongxin zhengxing jing (one fascicle), the Jianzheng jing (one fascicle), the Si da nili jing (one fascicle), the Fo wei biqiu shuo da re diyu jing (one fascicle), the Diyu zhongsheng xiang hai jing (one fascicle), the Shi fa chengjiu e ye ru diyu jing (one fascicle), the Zhongsheng ding you tiemo sheng huo chiran jing (one fascicle), the Jian yi zhongsheng juti fenhui tu shen jing (one fascicle), the Tiecheng nili jing (one fascicle), the Nili jing (one fascicle), the Moliang jian dashen zhongsheng re tie chan shen jing (one fascicle), the Biqiu chengjiu wu fa ru diyu jing (one fascicle), the Xue ren yi luan jing (one fascicle), the Pingsha wang wu yuan jing (one fascicle), the Banniehuan shi Da Jiaye fu Fo jing (one fascicle), the Wuyan wen jing (one fascicle), the Dizi mingguo jing (one fascicle), the Kongque wang zhou jing (one fascicle), the Longwang jieyuan jing (one fascicle), the Wu long shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Mani luodan shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Longwang zhou shui yu jing (one fascicle), the Dashen jiangjun zhou jing (one fascicle), the Yihuan fayuan shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Shiba longwang shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Mani luodan shenzhou anmo jing (one fascicle), the Yao zhou jing (one fascicle), the Dashen mu jieshi zhou jing (one fascicle), the Zhou du jing (one fascicle), the Chi ju shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Mayou shu zhou jing (one fascicle), the Danteluo mayou shu zhou jing (one fascicle), the Qifo suo jie mayou shu zhou jing (one fascicle), the Jie ri e shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Zhou shui jing (one fascicle), the Chen shui jing (one fascicle), the Qing yu zhou jing (one fascicle), the Zhi yu zhou jing (one fascicle), the Huanshi Baduo shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Tuolinbo zhou jing (one fascicle), the Zhou shiqi bing jing (one fascicle), the Zhou xiao'er jing (one fascicle), the Zhou chi jing (one fascicle), the Zhou yantong jing (one fascicle), the Zhou yatong jing (one fascicle), the Liu shen ming shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Huanshi Azouyi shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Yiwang Weilouyan shenzhou jing (one fascicle), the Shisong biqiu jieben (one fascicle), and the Liyu youpose youpoyi juxing ershier jie wen in one fascicle.

2.17

The śramaṇa Gautama Saṅghadeva, translated as Zhongtian (Multitude of Gods), was a native of Kashmir. His demeanor was exemplary, and his faculties were sharp and evident. He immersed his contemplation in the four dhyānas and applied his mind to the Tripiṭaka. At first, in the nineteenth year of the Jianyuan era of Emperor Fu Jian of the Former Qin (ding-hai) [383 CE], he translated the Abhidharma-aṣṭagrantha in one work (twenty fascicles). Furthermore, in the final year of Jianyuan, he translated the Abhidharma-hṛdaya in one work (sixteen fascicles) and the Vibhāṣā-abhidharma in one work (fourteen fascicles), totaling three works in fifty fascicles. Later, in the sixteenth year of the Taiyuan era of Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin (xin-mao) [391 CE], he traveled to preach south of the Yangtze River. The śramaṇa Huiyuan invited him to enter Mount Lu. In that same year, he translated the Abhidharma-hṛdaya-śāstra in one work (four fascicles), the San fadu lun [Tridharmaka-śāstra] (two fascicles), and the Jiaoshou biqiuni fa (one fascicle), totaling three works in seven fascicles. In the spring of the first year of the Long'an era (ding-you) [397 CE], he visited Jiankang. The nobility and celebrated intellectuals of the Jin dynasty all flocked to his seat. In the eleventh month, winter of that year, for Wang Xun, General and Marquis of Dongting, he gathered forty renowned and virtuous śramaṇas of the capital Yangdu, such as Shi Huichi, and re-translated the Madhyama Āgama (sixty fascicles) and the Ekottarika Āgama (fifty fascicles), completing them in the sixth month of the second year [398 CE]. Zhu Daozu served as scribe. In total, he translated eight works in 167 fascicles.

2.18

The śramaṇa Kāludaka, translated as Shishui (Seasonal Water), was a native of the Western Regions. Skilled at broad instruction and holding to the Way, he traveled through the lands. In the seventeenth year of the Taiyuan era of Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin (ren-chen) [392 CE], he translated the Shier you jing (one fascicle).

2.19

The śramaṇa Kang Daohu was upright in monastic discipline and served as a model for all beings. In the twenty-first year of the Taiyuan era of Emperor Xiaowu of the Jin (bing-shen) [396 CE], he translated the Yi yi jing in one work (three fascicles).

2.20

The śramaṇa Buddhabhadra, translated as Juexian (Enlightened Virtue), originally had the surname Śākya and was a native of Kapilavastu, a descendant of King Amṛtodana. He underwent pravrajyā at the age of five and recited several thousand words each day. Widely learned in the various sūtras, he was thoroughly versed in many matters, and his fame spread far for his mastery of dhyāna and vinaya. Once, when his fellow disciple Saṅghadatta was sitting in meditation behind closed doors, he suddenly saw Buddhabhadra enter. Startled, he asked where he had come from. He replied, 'I briefly went to Tuṣita to pay homage to Maitreya.' Having spoken, he vanished. Later, he performed supernormal transformations several times, whereupon it was known that he had realized the fruit of an anāgāmin. At that time, Zhi Rui, a monk of the Qin, invited Buddhabhadra to return with him to his country, and Buddhabhadra agreed. They boarded a ship and sailed along the sea, stopping beneath an island. Buddhabhadra pointed and said, 'We may stop here.' The ship's captain refused; but after being blown by the wind for over two hundred li, they returned to the place Buddhabhadra had pointed out. Only then did the crowd recognize his supernatural abilities. Later, when they encountered a favorable wind, all their companions set sail, but Buddhabhadra would not allow [his group] to move. Those who sailed first all capsized and were lost. Also, in the middle of the night, he suddenly set off, but the crowd was unwilling; Buddhabhadra hauled one boat himself and departed alone, and those who did not set off were all slaughtered by bandits. Once he reached here [China], he met with Kumārajīva. Whenever Kumārajīva had doubts, he always consulted him to resolve them. He vigorously promoted the practice of dhyāna. Later he went to Mount Lu and also visited Jiangling. Whenever he traveled, he frequently made predictions about the future; at first people did not believe him, but later everything turned out as he had said. His conduct was simple and unadorned, not relying on embellishment; his refined character was serene and aloof, possessing an elegant and profound nature. From the second year of the Long'an era of Emperor An of the Jin (wu-xu) [398 CE] to the second year of the Yongchu era of the Song (xin-you) [421 CE], at the two locations of the capital Yangdu and Mount Lu, he translated the Mahāvaipulya Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra (sixty fascicles), the Guanfo sanmei jing [Buddhānusmṛtisamādhi Sūtra] (eight fascicles), the Guoqu yinguo jing (four fascicles), the new Wuliangshou jing [Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra] (two fascicles), the Damoduoluo chan jing [Dharmatrāta Dhyāna Sūtra] (two fascicles), the Dafangdeng rulai zang jing [Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra] (one fascicle), the Wenshushili fayuan ji jing (one fascicle), the Chusheng wuliangmen chi jing [Anantamukhanirhāra-dhāraṇī Sūtra] (one fascicle), the Benye jing (one fascicle), the new Weimi chi jing (one fascicle), the Jing liu boluomi jing (one fascicle), the Pusa shizhu jing [Daśabhūmika Sūtra] (one fascicle), the Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya (forty fascicles), the Sengqi da biqiu jieben (one fascicle), and the Upāyahṛdaya-śāstra (one fascicle); totaling fifteen works in 125 fascicles. All of them thoroughly plumbed subtle meanings and fully captured the sense of the original text. The śramaṇas Faye, Huiyi, Huiyan, and others served as scribes.

2.21

The śramaṇa Dharmapriya, rendered into Jin as Fa'ai (Love of Dharma). In the fourth year of the Long'an era of Emperor An of the Jin (geng-zi) [400 CE], in the capital Yangdu at the monastery of the Minister of Personnel Wang Fadu, the śramaṇa Sengzun and more than twenty other virtuous monks invited Dharmapriya to translate the Za men lü shi (two fascicles).

2.22

The śramaṇa Vimalākṣa, translated as Wugouyan (Immaculate Eyes), was a native of Kashmir. Serene and resolute, he practiced the Way with austere discipline. He had blue eyes, so the world called him the Blue-Eyed Vinaya Master. He had previously expounded the Vinaya Piṭaka in Kucha, and students from all four quarters vied to study under him; Kumārajīva was also among his disciples. Thereupon, grasping his khakkhara, he braved the drifting sands and ventured east. In the eighth year of the Hongshi era of the Yao Qin [406 CE], after arriving in Guanzhong, Kumārajīva continued to treat him with the rites due to a master. After Kumārajīva passed away, during the Yixi era of Emperor An of the Jin, he went to Shouchun, stayed at the Shijian Monastery, vigorously expounded the vinaya, and translated the Daśādhyāya Vinaya (sixty-one fascicles). After several years, he went to Jiangling, where during the summer retreat at Xin Monastery he lectured on the Daśādhyāya and translated the Pini song [Vinaya-mātṛkā] (three fascicles) and the Za wen lü shi (two fascicles)—two works totaling five fascicles. Daochang Huiguan served as scribe.

2.23

The śramaṇa Faxian was surnamed Gong and was a native of Wuyang in Pingyang. He left household life at three years of age and was devotedly filial, loyal, and steadfast. When he received the full precepts, his aspiration and conduct were clear and acute, and his deportment was orderly and solemn. Constantly lamenting the corruptions and deficiencies in the sūtras and vinaya, he vowed to go in search of them. In the third year of the Long'an reign of Emperor An of the Jin, the year jihai, he traveled widely through India, reverently venerating the holy sites. He studied Indic writing and languages, investigated the profound tenets, and copied Indic texts by hand. In the first year of the Yixi reign of the Jin, the year yisi, he returned by sea and reached the southern capital. At Daochang Monastery he translated: the *Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra* (six fascicles); the *Vaipulya Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra* (two fascicles); the *Miscellaneous Piṭaka Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Mahāsaṃghika Bhikṣuṇī Prātimokṣa* (one fascicle); and the *Saṃyuktābhidharmahṛdaya Śāstra* (thirteen fascicles); altogether five works in twenty-three fascicles.

2.24

The śramaṇa Qimituo was a native of the Western Regions. His understanding was penetrating and sharp, and his intellect expansive and farsighted. His aspiration was fixed upon broad propagation, with no dread of traveling afar. Thereupon, during the Jin dynasty, he translated: the *Yingluo jing* (twelve fascicles); the *Vimalakīrti Sūtra* (four fascicles); a meditation sūtra (four fascicles); the *Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa* (four fascicles); the *Māyopamasamādhi Sūtra* (two fascicles); the *Ashuda jing* (one fascicle); the *Wusuoxi wang jing* (one fascicle); the *Samantabhadra Contemplation Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Anantamukha-ratnasamādhi Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Five Nivaraṇas, Doubts, and Stray Conduct Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Sūtra on Desires Causing Affliction* (one fascicle); the *Tathāgatasvastir-samādhi Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Sūtra on the Disappearance of the Dharma* (one fascicle); the *Bodhisattva Upavāsa Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Zhaoming sanmei jing* (one fascicle); the *Piṇḍapāta Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Sūtra on the Elder Weige Bowing to the Six Directions* (one fascicle); the *Bodhisattva Daśabhūmika Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Sūtra on Subduing the Māra King* (one fascicle); the *Aṅgulimāla Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Fuguang jing* (one fascicle); the *Sūtra of the Fundamental Vow Inquired by Maitreya* (one fascicle); the *Daśabhūmika Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Sūtra of the Precious Maiden's Giving* (one fascicle); and the *Universal Gate Chapter Sūtra* (one fascicle); in all twenty-five works, making forty-six fascicles.

2.25

The upāsaka Zhu Nandi (which means “Joy”) was a native of the Western Regions. He aspired to the Way without weariness and could dwell at ease even after traveling afar. He understood the profound tenets and was fluent in the customs and speech of the Jin. In the first year of the Yuanxi reign of Emperor Gong of the Jin, the year jiwei, through the Song dynasty, he translated: the *Upāyakauśalya Sūtra of the Mahāyāna* (two fascicles); the *Dhāraṇī Sūtra on Invoking Avalokiteśvara to Dissolve and Subdue Poisonous Evils* (one fascicle); and the *Sūtra on the Elder Weige Bowing to the Six Directions* (one fascicle).

2.26

The śramaṇa Zhu Fali was a native of the Western Regions. His conduct and practice were pure and elevated, and his wisdom and Way stood eminent. He was well versed in regional languages and exquisitely matched the subtleties of the scriptures. In the second month of the first year of the Yuanxi reign of Emperor Gong of the Jin, the year jiwei, he translated one work: the *Amitāyus Samyaksaṃbuddha Sūtra* (one fascicle).

2.27

The śramaṇa Shi Songgong, also called Gaogong. Both the *Zhao Catalogue* and the *Shixing Catalogue* state that at the end of the Jin, the śramaṇa Shi Songgong translated: the *Precept Sūtra Compiled by Kāśyapa* (one fascicle); the *Sūtra on King Bimbisāra's Five Vows* (one fascicle); and the *Rinan jing* (one fascicle); three works in three fascicles.

2.28

The śramaṇa Shi Tuigong produced one fascicle of scripture. The *Shixing Catalogue* states that at the end of the Jin he produced: the *Kāśyapa Precept Sūtra* (one fascicle).

2.29

The śramaṇa Shi Fayong. The *Zhao Catalogue* states that at the end of the Jin he produced: the *Sūtra on the Buddha Enlightening the Brahmacārin Ambaṭṭha* (one fascicle).

2.30

The names of the translators have been lost for fifty-two scriptures in fifty-six fascicles. Both Sengyou's *Record of the Tripiṭaka* and Fei Changfang's *Record of the Three Jewels* state that these are scriptures from the Jin period whose original translators are lost: namely, the *Yijiao sanmei jing* (two fascicles); the *Adbhuta-dharmaparyāya Sūtra* (two fascicles); the *Anāgāmin Sūtra* (two fascicles); the *Milindapañha* (two fascicles); the *Guan Wuliangshou fo jing* (one fascicle); the *Names of the Three Thousand Buddhas of the Three Periods Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Thousand Buddhas Nidāna Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Names of the Fifty-three Buddhas Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Names of the Buddhas of the Eight Divisions Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Names of the Buddhas of the Ten Directions Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Names of the Thousand Buddhas of the Bhadrakalpa Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Names of the One Hundred and Seventy Buddhas in Praise Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Names of the Southern Buddhas Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Names of the Buddhas for Eradicating Sin and Attaining Merit Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Bhikṣu Prohibitive Precepts Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Mahāsaṃghika Vinaya Bhikṣu Compendium* (one fascicle); the *Upāli Inquires of the Buddha Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Śrāmaṇera Deportment Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Bhikṣuṇī Ten Precepts Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Receiving the Ten Virtuous Precepts Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Śrāmaṇerikā Precepts Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Five Merits of the Wise Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Five Precepts of the Wise Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Upāsaka Five Precepts Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Upāsaka Deportment Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Bore de jing* (one fascicle); the *Guan shi loutan jing* (one fascicle); the *Original Practice of the Six Pāramitās Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Dingyi sanmei jing* (one fascicle); the *Pratyutpanna-samādhi Mindfulness of the Buddha Verses Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Yujia sanmosi jing* (one fascicle); the *Sequential Methods for the Upāya of Dhyāna-samādhi Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Dhyāna Essentials of Reproaching Desire Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Incantation Sūtra of the Seventy-two Thousand Spirit Kings Protecting Bhikṣus* (one fascicle); the *Incantation Sūtra of the One Hundred and Twenty Thousand Spirit Kings Protecting Bhikṣuṇīs* (one fascicle); the *Incantation Sūtra of Wearing and Carrying the Three Refuges and Five Precepts for Bodily Protection* (one fascicle); the *Incantation Sūtra of the Spirit King Baijie for Bodily Protection* (one fascicle); the *Incantation Sūtra of the Palace Spirit Kings Guarding Left and Right* (one fascicle); the *Four Directions Spirit Incantation Sūtra on Graves and Tombs* (one fascicle); the *Great Divine Incantation Sūtra for Subduing Māra with Seals* (one fascicle); the *Mani Luodan Great Divine Incantation Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Divine Incantation Sūtra for Summoning the Dragon Kings of the Five Directions to Subdue Pestilential Poisons* (one fascicle); the *Brahmā Spirit Strategy Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Puguang jing* (one fascicle); the *Sesame Oil Incantation Sūtra Bound by the Seven Buddhas* (one fascicle); the *Seven Buddhas Divine Incantation Dhāraṇī Phrases Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Moluodan Divine Incantation Massage Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Five Dragons Anti-Poison Incantation Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Caries Incantation Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *Seven Buddhas House-Pacifying Divine Incantation Sūtra* (one fascicle); the *House-Pacifying Incantation Sūtra* (one fascicle); and the *Names of the Spirit Kings of the Three Refuges and Five Precepts Sūtra* (one fascicle).

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古今譯經圖紀 — Classical Chinese