貞元新定釋教目錄 1
English (machine translation) 1
- Language
- English
Contents
- 1.55 — 3 parts
1.1
Composed by the śramaṇa Yuanzhao of Ximing Monastery in the Western Capital.
1.2
I respectfully examine the old catalogue, which states: "The emergence of catalogues is indeed to distinguish the authentic from the spurious and clarify the correct and the incorrect, to record the antiquity and modernity of human eras, and to indicate the size and number of fascicles and sections. They collect omissions, excise redundancies, and seek to bring the orthodox teachings into accord with reason and give coherence to the golden words, raising up the main guidelines and essentials so that they may be viewed with complete clarity. However, because the Dharma-gates are profound and subtle and the net of transformation is vast, as translations and transmissions have succeeded one another over passing years, texts have repeatedly been scattered and lost, and scrolls have become uneven. Moreover, unconventional individuals have at times added spurious and fraudulent works, leading to confusion and difficulty in tracing origins. Therefore, ancient worthies and Confucian sages formulated these listed records; today, barely six or seven schools [of these catalogues] survive. Yet they still have not reached the very source, and many omissions and defects remain. I, [Zhi]sheng, despite my mediocrity and shallowness, have long engaged in examining and searching them out, checking similarities and differences, setting forth merits and demerits, and completing this work, hoping to avoid discrepancies. I hope that wise masters will deign to examine it thoroughly together." Now observing what this former worthy composed, it surpassed all eminent scholars. Prostrating myself, I note that since the gengwu year [730], seventy years have elapsed. Tripiṭaka masters have succeeded one another down to the present through four reigns. The sagely Emperor, respectful and bright, has ordered successive translations; more than one hundred sections of sūtras and vinayas are especially clear. Repeatedly he has bestowed his
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vast imperial favor, granting permission to revise and compile [this work]. Yuanzhao and the others, whose talents and wisdom are shallow and whose thought cannot extend to fine writing, with respectful obedience have received
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the imperial grace, bowing low in reverent submission to the command. What is now translated is classified according to categories, appended and entered successively following the Tripiṭaka masters' texts. Reflecting upon myself, I feel I am following silk braids with mere cords, or following gold with coarse gravel. Where there is doubt, I leave it omitted, to await future wise men.
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I bow my head to the Sugata, the Muni, the Honoured One,
The Unexcelled Hero, the Charioteer of Men;
I also pay homage to the pure and wondrous Dharma of the three vehicles,
And the five divisions of the secret dhāraṇī-gates,
As well as the saṅgha of worthy arhats of the eight ranks,
And all the bodhisattvas such as Samantabhadra and Mañjuśrī.
May their five eyes and three bodies illuminate the world;
With utmost sincerity I take refuge and pray for their protective power.
I compile this sūtra catalogue to protect the city of the Dharma;
May the Three Jewels extend their mercy and grant hidden assistance.
I pray only that the lamp of the Dharma will illumine the long night,
So that lost wanderers may thereby gain the clarity of wisdom,
And the True Dharma will abide in the world for a long time,
So that those who practice according to it may swiftly ascend to the unexcelled stage.
1.6
From the tenth year (dingmao) of the Yongping reign of Emperor Xiaoming of the Later Han [67 CE] to the sixteenth year (gengchen) of the Zhenyuan reign of the Sagely, Divine, Civil, and Martial Emperor of the Great Tang [800 CE], there are 734 years in all (including seventy-one years added from the eighteenth year [gengwu] of the Kaiyuan reign [730] down to the present gengchen year). In the interim, there were 187 translators, both ordained and lay. The sacred teachings of the Tripiṭaka of the Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna two vehicles produced by them, together with the anthologies and biographies of sages and saints, and works whose translators are lost, total 2,447 works (among which 139 works are newly added), in 7,399 fascicles. Those currently circulating and those lacking texts are all included in the aforementioned numbers (among which 342 fascicles are newly added).
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The newly determined catalogue consists of thirty fascicles in total. It is divided into the General and Detailed [Catalogues]. The General Catalogue is divided into two parts: first, that [of texts] respectfully received by imperial grace; second, the comprehensive collection of all sūtras. The Detailed Catalogue is also divided into two parts: first, distinguishing the differences of the vehicles and the canons; second, clarifying the anthologies and biographies of sages and saints. Within the General [Catalogue], it is divided into nineteen fascicles; within the Detailed [Catalogue], it is divided into eleven fascicles. Under the distinguishing of the vehicles and the canons in the Detailed [Catalogue], there are further seven divisions. Now I shall first set forth the headings; the rest will be compiled and recorded next.
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General Catalogue, Part 1 of 2 Texts:
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First: The Record of Texts Especially Received by Imperial Decree, in three [items]:
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First to the right: The Newly Translated Avataṃsaka-sūtra, one.
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Sūtras, Vinayas, and Śāstras Translated Across Three Reigns, two.
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The Great Buddha-Name Sūtra in one work and others, three. For all of these, imperial decrees were especially issued permitting them to be compiled into the catalogue. They are fully listed as follows below.
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Second: The Record of the Comprehensive Collection of All Sūtras.
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To the right: all translations and compositions from the Han to the Tang, completely listing the
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emperors' eras, the translators' biographies, the teachings produced, and so forth, arranged in order according to the precedence of persons and eras, not following the sequence of the Tripiṭaka, also narrating the agreements and differences between new and old catalogues.
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Detailed Catalogue, Part 2 of 2 Texts:
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First: The Record Distinguishing the Differences of the Vehicles and Canons.
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To the right: the internal scriptures within the Detailed Catalogue are divided into seven: 1. extant translations with extant texts; 2. translations without extant texts; 3. separate circulations of offshoot extracts; 4. abridgements eliminating redundancies; 5. supplements recovering omissions; 6. doubtful works requiring re-examination; 7. apocryphal and heterodox works corrupting orthodoxy. Within these seven sections, the two vehicles are differentiated, and the three canons are specifically categorized, with all details and intricacies fully given, as well as clarifying matches and pairings.
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Second: The Record Clarifying the Anthologies and Biographies of Sages and Saints.
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To the right: within the anthologies and biographies, there are two distinct categories: 1. translations from Indic texts, referring to collections compiled in the Western Regions and transmitted to the Eastern Xia, which were translated and put into practice by eminent Tripiṭaka masters; 2. works composed in this land, referring to biographies and records compiled by eminent monks of this land, wherein the Three Jewels and the Tripiṭaka are all clarified, and spiritual marvels, miraculous responses, and practices of morality, concentration, and wisdom are thoroughly listed as in the text and scrutinized as in a mirror.
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First: The Record of Texts Especially Received by Imperial Decree, in Three Items:
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First: The Avataṃsaka-sūtra.
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The newly translated Avataṃsaka-sūtra in forty fascicles at Chongfu Monastery.
Memorial presented by Ma Chengqian, General of the Left and Right Gate-Surveillance Guards and Director of the Palace Domestic Service: "Your servant has obtained the report from the monk Zhitong, Overseer of Sūtra Copying in the All-Canon Sūtra-Copying Hall at Guangzhai Monastery, stating that upon checking the Kaiyuan Catalogue of the Canon, he found the count of canon sūtras not yet entered into the canon within the Buddhist catalogue compiled by the śramaṇa Xuanyi of Huayan Monastery in the Superior Capital."
Official communication from the Secretariat-Chancellery. Official communication from the Commissioner of Merit and Virtue for the Right Street: "An imperial decree has been respectfully received commanding that the relevant offices append [these texts] into the catalogue. The communication has arrived, and in accordance with the decree, this official communication is issued."
On the eighth day of the ninth month of the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan [799], official communication by:
Zheng Yuqing, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Vice Grand Councillor;
Cui Sun, Vice Director of the Chancellery and Vice Grand Councillor;
Wei [Gao], Acting Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Vice Grand Councillor (Commissioner);
Liu [Zan], Acting Left Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Vice Grand Councillor (Commissioner);
Jia Dan, Right Vice Director of the Department of State Affairs and Vice Grand Councillor;
Hun [Jian], Acting Minister of Education, concurrently Director of the Secretariat (Commissioner);
Wang [Sili], Acting Grand Commandant, concurrently Director of the Secretariat (Commissioner).
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191 fascicles of sūtras.
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The newly translated Avataṃsaka-sūtra and others of this Street, as well as
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sūtras previously translated across the three reigns in the capital and other locations that had not been entered into the Kaiyuan Catalogue, totaling 232 fascicles (with another ten fascicles newly compiled above). The forty fascicles of the newly translated Avataṃsaka-sūtra and others are, in accordance with the
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imperial decree, presently entered into the catalogue. Next, for the 191 fascicles previously translated, permission was requested to enter them into the catalogue following the precedent of the Avataṃsaka-sūtra. Furthermore, there are ten fascicles newly compiled above: five fascicles of sūtras such as the Great Powerful One translated by Tripiṭaka Master Ajitasena and others during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong.
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Sūtra of the Vidyārāja of Great Might Ucchuṣma, in three fascicles.
Spiritual and Essential Essentials of the Ritual Arts of the Dhāraṇī of Great Fulfilment of Supernatural Powers Spoken by Ucchuṣma-vajra, in one fascicle.
Rites of the Hundred Transformations of the Preceptual Kalpa of Ucchuṣma-vajra, in one fascicle.
The above five fascicles were all translated by Ajitasena, Tripiṭaka master of North India.
Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya-sūtra, Treasury of Universal Wisdom, in one fascicle,
translated by Śramaṇa Dharmacandra, Tripiṭaka master of East India.
Vajraśekhara Yoga Practice of Vairocana's Samādhi Kalpa, in one fascicle.
Original Text of the Great Body Mantra of the Thousand-Armed and Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, in one fascicle.
Original Text of the Dhāraṇī Mantra of the Vast, Perfect, Unimpeded Great Compassion Mind of the Thousand-Armed and Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, in one fascicle.
Esoteric Kalpa of the Dhāraṇī of the Messenger Acala, in one fascicle.
Thousand-Armed and Thousand-Almsbowl Mañjuśrī Sūtra, in ten fascicles (supplemented and compiled into the register during the Baoda reign era).
The above fourteen fascicles were translated by Śramaṇa Vajrabodhi, Tripiṭaka master of South India.
Translated by Amoghavajra, Tripiṭaka Master of Great Broad Wisdom, during the reigns of Suzong and Daizong:
Vajra King of the Great Teaching and other sūtras, in one hundred and forty-two fascicles.
Vajraśekhara Yoga Truth King of the Great Teaching Sūtra, in three fascicles.
Vajraśekhara Yoga Guiding Principles of Wisdom Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Sūtra on the Vyākaraṇa of the Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, in one fascicle.
Yoga Rosary Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Sūtra of the Extraordinary Uṣṇīṣa, in three fascicles.
Heart Sūtra of the Most Victorious Vidyārāja of Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara, in two fascicles.
Vajraśekhara Yoga Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī Sūtra, in two fascicles.
Ārya-Tārā-arolik Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Praise of the Vows and Conduct of Samantabhadra, in one fascicle.
Praise of the Dharmakāya Asked by Kṣitigarbha Bodhisattva, in one fascicle.
Sūtra on Arising from the Gate of Boundlessness, in one fascicle.
Sūtra of the Great Auspicious Goddess, in one fascicle.
Trisamaya Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Eleven-Faced Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Sūtra, in three fascicles.
Sūtra of the Twelve Names of the Auspicious Goddess, in one fascicle.
Guide to the Eighteen Assemblies of the Vajraśekhara Yoga, in one fascicle.
Dharma-Gate Distinguishing the Sacred Positions of the Thirty-Seven Deities of the Vajraśekhara Yoga, in one fascicle.
Single-Syllable Uṣṇīṣacakravartin Sūtra Preached at the Bodhimanda, in five fascicles.
Precious Casket Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Vajrāyurdhāraṇī-sūtra, in one fascicle.
Mahāmāyūrī-vidyārājñī Sūtra, in three fascicles.
Great Cloud Rain Request Sūtra, in two fascicles.
Rain of Jewels Dhāraṇī Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Jāṅgulī Maiden Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Śālistamba-sūtra, in one fascicle.
Great Precious Vast Pavilion Sūtra, in three fascicles.
Bodhimanda Adornment Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Dhāraṇī Sūtra for Dispelling All Illnesses, in one fascicle.
Dhāraṇī Sūtra Able to Purify All Eyes, in one fascicle.
Dhāraṇī Sūtra on Bestowing Food to the Flaming-Mouth Hungry Ghosts, in one fascicle.
Sūtra of the Names of the Thirty-Five Buddhas, in one fascicle.
Sūtra of the Maṇḍala of the Eight Great Bodhisattvas, in one fascicle.
Parṇaśavarī Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Dhāraṇī Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Hārītī Mother Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Vaiśravaṇa Heavenly King Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Sūtra of the Samantabhadra Dhāraṇī Spoken by Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva, in one fascicle.
Sūtra of the Syllabary Chapter Asked by Mañjuśrī, in one fascicle.
Recitation Ritual for the Lotus Section Heart of the Vajraśekhara, in one fascicle.
Recitation Ritual for the Thousand-Armed and Thousand-Eyed Avalokiteśvara of the Vajraśekhara Yoga, in two fascicles.
Recitation Kalpa of the Amitāyus Tathāgata, in one fascicle.
Recitation Ritual of Akṣobhya Tathāgata, in one fascicle.
Recitation Ritual of Uṣṇīṣavijayā, in one fascicle.
Vajraśekhara Victorious Beginning Yoga Recitation Ritual of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva, in one fascicle.
Esoteric Recitation Ritual of Vajrarāja Bodhisattva, in one fascicle.
Recitation Ritual of Samantabhadra-vajrasattva, in one fascicle.
Recitation Kalpa for the Cultivation of the Five Mysteries of Vajrasattva in the Vajraśekhara Yoga, in one fascicle.
Vajra Longevity Recitation Ritual, in one fascicle.
Single-Syllable Uṣṇīṣacakravartin Yoga Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Single-Syllable Buddha Uṣṇīṣacakravartin Recitation Kalpa, in one fascicle.
Benevolent Kings' Prajñā Recitation Ritual, in one fascicle.
Cintāmaṇicakra Recitation Ritual, in one fascicle.
Great Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva Recitation Ritual, in one fascicle.
Yoga Lotus Section Recitation Ritual, in one fascicle.
Kalpa for the Practice of Contemplation on the Heart Mantra of the Holy Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva, in one fascicle.
Avalokiteśvara Tārā Yoga Recitation Ritual, in one fascicle.
Amṛtakuṇḍalī Yoga Recitation Ritual, in one fascicle.
Gate of Contemplation of the Forty-Two Syllables for Entering the Dharmadhātu in the Avataṃsaka, in one fascicle.
Mañjuśrī's Praise and Veneration of the Dharmakāya, in one fascicle.
Ritual for Receiving the Bodhicitta Precepts, in one fascicle.
Veneration of the Thirty-Seven Deities of the Vajraśekhara Yoga, in one fascicle.
Exposition on the Guiding Principles of Wisdom, in two fascicles.
Exposition on the Seventeen Deities of the Mahāmaṇḍala, in one fascicle.
Homa Ritual of the Vajraśekhara Yoga, in one fascicle.
Catalogue of the Dhāraṇīs of the Unified Sections, in one fascicle.
Treatise on Dependent Origination in the Mahāyāna, in one fascicle.
Saptakoṭibuddhamātṛ-dhāraṇī-sūtra, in one fascicle.
Sūtra of the Questions of Great Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva, in eight fascicles.
Benevolent Kings Sūtra, in two fascicles.
Ghana-vyūha-sūtra, in three fascicles.
Benevolent Kings Recitation Kalpa, in one fascicle.
Sūtra on the Meritorious Adornments of the Buddha Realm of the Great Holy Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī, one work in three fascicles.
Yoga Contemplative Wisdom Kalpa for Realizing the King of the Lotus of the Wonderful Dharma Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Briefly Extracted Recitation Kalpa of the Mahāsukha Vajrasattva from the Victorious Beginning Yoga Sūtra of the Vajraśekhara, in one fascicle.
Kalpa for the Cultivation and Realization of the Mahāsukha Vajrasattva, in one fascicle.
Realization Kalpa for the Great Yakṣiṇī Harītī and Her Beloved Sons, in one fascicle.
Universal Brightness Mahāpratisarā Dhāraṇī Sūtra, in two fascicles.
Vajraśekhara Sūtra Transcending the Three Realms: Preaching on the Victorious Signs of Mañjuśrī's Five-Syllable Mantra, in one fascicle.
Verses on the Five-Syllable Dhāraṇī, in one fascicle.
Recitation Kalpa for the Swift Attainment of Great Spiritual Efficacy of the Holy Yamāntaka, King of Wrathful Might, in one fascicle.
Root Great King of the Teachings of Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī: Chapter on the Garuda King, in one fascicle.
Great Abhiṣeka Light Mantra of Vairocana Buddha of Amoghapāśa, in one fascicle.
Realization Kalpa Sūtra of the Holy Wrathful Krodhacandra-vajrakumāra Bodhisattva, in three fascicles.
Realization Kalpa of the Great Wrathful Might Ucchuṣma, in one fascicle.
Sūtra of Mārīcī Spoken by the Buddha, in one fascicle.
Vajraśekhara Sūtra Kalpa for Attaining Buddhahood through the Single-Syllable Uṣṇīṣacakravartin, in one fascicle.
Sūtra of Political Discourse on the King's Law Spoken by the Buddha for King Udayana, in one fascicle.
Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra of Vast and Great Development, in one fascicle.
Ekajaṭā Venerable Dhāraṇī Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha, in one fascicle.
Kalpa of the Garuḍa Possession Spoken by Maheśvara for Swift Attainment of Efficacy, in one fascicle.
Briefly Condensed Attendant Practice Method of Recitation from the Mahāvairocana-sūtra, in one fascicle.
Brief Explanation of the Seven-Branch Attendant Practice Method of Recitation from the Mahāvairocana Buddhābhisambodhi Vikurvitādhiṣṭhāna Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Soapberry Bead Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Vajraśekhara Sūtra Yoga Kalpa for Offerings to Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī, in one fascicle.
Five-Syllable Yoga Kalpa of the Youth Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī, in one fascicle.
Great Trailokyavijaya Kalpa of the Vajraśekhara, in one fascicle.
Sūtra on Auspicious and Inauspicious Times, Days, Good and Bad Constellations and Luminaries Preached by Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī and the Rṣis, in two fascicles.
Vajraśekhara Sūtra Practice Method of Avalokiteśvara-rāja Tathāgata, in one fascicle.
Treatise on Arousing the Anuttarasamyaksaṃbodhicitta in the Vajraśekhara Yoga, in one fascicle.
Exposition on the Syllabary Chapter of the Yoga Vajraśekhara Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Contemplative Recitation Kalpa for Bodhisattvas Cultivating the Prajñāpāramitā, in one fascicle.
Exposition on the Benevolent Kings' Prajñā Dhāraṇī, in one fascicle.
Yoga Recitation Dharma-Gate for Realizing the Lotus Section of the Great Compassionate Avalokiteśvara, in one fascicle.
Kalpa for the Image Painting and Maṇḍala Platform of the Mahāmāyūrī-vidyārājñī, in one fascicle.
Vajrapāṇi Luminous Abhiṣeka Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Mārīcīdevī Garland Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Method for the Great Holy Heavenly Joy Dual-Bodied Vināyaka, in one fascicle.
Cintāmaṇicakra Yoga of Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva, in one fascicle.
Suvarṇacakra-buddhoṣṇīṣa Recitation Ritual, in one fascicle.
Vajraśekhara Yoga Trailokyavijaya Gate of Utmost Esoteric Attainment, in one fascicle.
Vajraśekhara Yoga Assembly of the Guiding Principle of the Paranirmitavaśavartin Heaven: Samantabhadra Practice and Recitation Kalpa, in one fascicle (this one fascicle was originally absent from the count submitted).
The above were all translated by Śramaṇa Amoghavajra, Tripiṭaka Master of Great Broad Wisdom.
Translated during the present dynasty by Prajñā, Tripiṭaka master of Kashmīr, and others: the Guiding Principles of the Mahāyāna, New Avataṃsaka, and other sūtras, in seventy fascicles.
Dhāraṇī Sūtra of the Guardian of the Country's Realm, in ten fascicles.
Sūtra on the Contemplation of the Mind-Ground in Previous Lives, in eight fascicles.
Sūtra on the Six Pāramitās of the Guiding Principles of the Mahāyāna, one work in ten fascicles.
Sūtra of the Elder in the Great Avataṃsaka Asking the Buddha about Nārāyaṇa's Strength, in one fascicle.
Prajñāpāramitāhṛdaya-sūtra, in one fascicle.
Newly Translated Avataṃsaka-sūtra, one work in forty fascicles.
The above six works, making seventy fascicles in all, were translated by the Tripiṭaka master Prajñā upon imperial decree.
Daśabalasūtra, in one fascicle (the above one sūtra was translated in Anxi by Mutisīhu, Tripiṭaka master of Kucha, translated into Chinese as Lianhua Jingjin [Lotus Vigour]).
Cakra-pariṇāmanā Sūtra, in one fascicle.
Daśabhūmika-sūtra, in nine fascicles.
The above two sūtras make ten fascicles in all, both translated in Beiting by the Khotanese Tripiṭaka master Śīladharma. Written by the Commissioner for Buddhist and Daoist Affairs of the Right Streets, Overall Supervisor of Affairs of the Various Monasteries and Abbeys of the Right Streets, Seng Lingsui, the Senior Elder of Qianfu Monastery, who submitted a memorial:
"The aforementioned sūtras have been respectfully distinguished and listed in detail as above. Regarding the memorial on the newly translated Avataṃsaka-sūtra, an imperial decree was issued on the eighth day of the ninth month of this year directing its entry into the Kaiyuan Catalogue. For those previously translated and those submitted from Anxi that had been translated, the Preceptor of the Ordination Platform, the Great Virtuous Yuanzhao, and others submitted a memorial stating that the aforementioned scriptures had not yet entered the catalogue. Respectfully, since these were translated during three imperial reigns, we humbly pray for an imperial audience and request: let them enter the Kaiyuan Catalogue following the precedent of the new Avataṃsaka-sūtra, so that the monasteries throughout the realm may transcribe them in accordance with the catalogue and include them all in the Tripiṭaka canon. Thus may we avert loss and neglect, and broadly spread the Golden Words. We furthermore request that the old catalogue's title be changed to the Zhenyuan Newly Established Catalogue of Buddhist Teachings. How could this merely surpass ancient emperors in deeds? Indeed, the Dao will crown the True School, bringing boundlessly great blessings to support the imperial throne."
The Secretariat-Chancellery dispatched an official notice to the monk Lingsui:
"Notice: In accordance with the imperial decree, let it be granted as requested. When this notice arrives, act in accordance with the decree; hence this notice."
Notice issued on the twenty-third day of the tenth month of the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan.
Zheng Yuqing, Vice-Director of the Secretariat and Chancellor (Pingzhangshi).
Cui Sun, Vice-Director of the Chancellery and Chancellor.
Commissioner Wei, Acting Vice-Director of the Right and Chancellor.
Commissioner Liu, Acting Vice-Director of the Left and Chancellor.
Jia Dan, Vice-Director of the Right and Chancellor.
Commissioner Hun, Acting Grand Preceptor concurrently Secretariat Director.
Commissioner Wang, Acting Grand Defender concurrently Secretariat Director.
Decreed to the Commissioner of Merit and Virtue of the Right Street, directing the Overall Supervisor, the Great Virtuous Lingsui, regarding the one hundred and seventy-three fascicles of scriptures previously translated across three reigns not yet entered into the catalogue:
"Notice: In accordance with the imperial decree, regarding the aforementioned scriptures, let the Overall Supervisor, the Great Virtuous Lingsui, together with the monk Yuanzhao of Ximing Monastery, take the aforementioned scriptures and deliver them to Guangzhai Monastery to be copied into the Tripiṭaka. In accordance with the decree, this notice is dispatched to the Overall Supervisor, the Great Virtuous Lingsui; hence this notice."
Notice dispatched on the twenty-third day of the tenth month of the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan by Diwu Shouliang, Commissioner and General of the Right Gate of Surveillance Guards.
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3. Great Buddha Names Sūtra and Others
1.30
Great Buddha Names Sūtra, one work in sixteen fascicles (or eighteen fascicles).
Separate Biography of Falin, one work in three fascicles.
Continued Kaiyuan Shakyamuni Buddhist Record, in three fascicles.
Ma Chengqian, General of the Left and Right Gate of Surveillance Guards and Overseer of the Palace Domestic Service, memorialized that the aforementioned sūtras, catalogue, and other texts had not yet been entered into the canon catalogue.
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The Secretariat-Chancellery dispatched an official notice to the Commissioner of Merit and Virtue of the Right Streets:
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"Notice: In accordance with the imperial decree, let the relevant offices append them to the catalogue. When this notice arrives, act in accordance with the decree; hence this notice."
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Notice issued on the twenty-third day of the tenth month of the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan.
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Zheng Yuqing, Vice Director of the Secretariat and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery;
Cui Sun, Vice Director of the Chancellery and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery;
Commissioner Wei, Acting Vice Director of the Right and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery;
Commissioner Liu, Acting Vice Director of the Left and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery;
Jia Dan, Vice Director of the Right and Joint Manager of Affairs with the Secretariat-Chancellery;
Commissioner Hun, Acting Minister of Education and concurrently Secretariat Director;
Commissioner Wang, Acting Grand Defender and concurrently Secretariat Director.
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Part Two: The General Comprehensive Catalogue of the Sūtras, divided into nineteen fascicles, beginning with the first and ending with the nineteenth (this is a rough presentation of the general outlines; the specific and detailed descriptions are contained within the nineteen fascicles).
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Fascicle One: (From the initial translation of sūtras under Emperor Ming of the Later Han down to the Sūtra on the Four Inattainables, forming the first fascicle; that is to say, the sūtras, precepts, karmans, etc., produced by the monastic and lay translators of the two dynasties of Han and Wei, together with newly and previously collected anonymous translations, and appended with separate biographies of the translators).
Fascicle Two: (The remainder of the Later Han, from the Sūtra on the Contemplation of the Bodhisattvas Bhaiṣajyarāja and Bhaiṣajyasamudgata down to the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra in two fascicles at the end of Cao-Wei).
Fascicle Three: (The sūtras, precepts, etc., produced by the monastic and lay translators of the two dynasties of Wu and Jin, together with newly and previously collected anonymous translations of various sūtras, appended with separate biographies of the translators as before; beginning from the Sun clan of Wu down to the retranslation of the Ajātaśatrukaukṛtyavinodana in two fascicles under the Western Jin).
Fascicle Four: (The remainder of the Western Jin, from the Sūtra on Maitreya's Attainment of Buddhahood down to the anonymous works of the Western Jin).
Fascicle Five: (The vinayas, śāstras, etc., produced by the monastic and lay translators of the two dynasties of Eastern Jin and Fu Qin, together with newly and previously collected anonymous translations, with separate biographies as before).
Fascicle Six: (The sūtras, vinayas, and śāstras produced by the monastic and lay translators of the four dynasties of Yao Qin, Western Qin, Former Liang, and Northern Liang, together with newly and previously collected anonymous sūtras, etc.).
Fascicle Seven: (The sūtras, vinayas, and śāstras produced by the monastic and lay translators of the two dynasties of Song and Qi, together with newly collected anonymous sūtras, etc.).
Fascicle Eight: (The remainder of the Song dynasty, from the Vyākaraṇa of Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva down to the end of the Xiao Qi).
Fascicle Nine: (The sūtras, vinayas, and śāstras produced by the monastic and lay translators of the three dynasties of Liang, Northern Wei, and Northern Qi, together with newly collected anonymous collections of sūtras and vinayas, etc.).
Fascicle Ten: (The sūtras, vinayas, and śāstras, as well as biographies, anthologies, and catalogues, etc., produced by the monastic and lay translators of the three dynasties of Zhou, Chen, and Sui).
Fascicle Eleven: (Down to fascicles twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, and seventeen; initially from the Great Tang's Li clan establishing the capital at Chang'an down to repeatedly and firmly beseeching, whereupon imperial consent was granted).
Fascicle Twelve: (The sūtras, vinayas, and śāstras, as well as biographies and catalogues, etc., produced by monastic and lay translators of the imperial dynasty, from the Emperor said down to Buddhapāla, complete).
Fascicle Thirteen: (From the Acintyabuddhaviṣayanirdeśa Section of the Mahāvaipulya Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra down to the Tripiṭaka master Yijing, complete).
Fascicle Fourteen: (From the Mahāratnakūṭa-sūtra in one hundred and twenty fascicles down to May future wise ones not cast ridicule upon it).
Fascicle Fifteen: (From the sūtras translated across the three reigns of Xuanzong, Suzong, and Daizong down to the imperial rescript acknowledging the memorial of gratitude for the sūtra preface and congratulation on the auspicious clouds by Tripiṭaka master Amoghavajra, complete).
Fascicle Sixteen: (From the memorial of congratulation on the auspicious clouds by the Commissioners of the Six Armies down to the erection of the pagoda and the stele for Tripiṭaka master Amoghavajra, complete).
Fascicle Seventeen: (From the translation of the Mahāyāna Sūtra on the Principle of the Six Pāramitās in the present reign down to the submission of the Daśabhūmika and other sūtras from Anxi and Beiting, complete, down to the total count and case numbers being identical without deficiency).
Fascicle Eighteen: (And fascicle nineteen, the two fascicles narrating the quantity of sections and cases in the ancient and earlier catalogues of various masters, as well as scrutinizing and demonstrating discrepancies).
Fascicle Nineteen: (From the Kaiyuan Catalogue of Buddhist Teachings of the Great Tang down to the Zhenyuan New Catalogue of Buddhist Teachings, finished).
Second text of the Detailed Catalogue, part two of the lower section: First, the Catalogue Distinguishing the Vehicles and Canon, divided into eleven fascicles.
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Beginning with the twentieth and ending with the thirtieth (this is a rough presentation of the general outlines; the specific and detailed accounts are contained within the twelve fascicles of the Detailed Catalogue).
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Fascicle Twenty: (From Distinguishing the Canon down to the Ratnolkā-dhāraṇī-sūtra).
Fascicle Twenty-one: (From the Avataṃsaka section down to the Cundīdevī-dhāraṇī-sūtra in one fascicle, complete).
Fascicle Twenty-two: (From the Sūtra of the Mind-conforming Dhāraṇī of Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva down to the Mahāyāna treatises).
Fascicle Twenty-three: (From the extant translations with extant texts of the Śrāvaka Tripiṭaka down to the anthologies and biographies of sages and saints, finished).
Fascicle Twenty-four: (From the Catalogue of Translations without Extant Texts within the Detailed Catalogue down to the Mahāyāna sūtras, vinayas, and śāstras, finished).
Fascicle Twenty-five: (The missing texts of the Hīnayāna sūtras within the Catalogue of Translations without Extant Texts of the Detailed Catalogue down to the vinayas, treatises, and anthologies and biographies of sages and saints, finished).
Fascicle Twenty-six: (The Catalogue of Separate Circulations of Offshoot Extracts within the Detailed Catalogue: separately excerpted sūtras, vinayas, treatises, biographies, etc.).
Fascicle Twenty-seven: (The Catalogue of Deletions of Abridgements Eliminating Redundancies, Separately Excerpted Texts, and Divergent Translations of the Same Original; and the Catalogue of New Inclusions into the Canon of Supplements Recovering Omissions of Old Translations of Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna Sūtras, Vinayas, and Śāstras that were Omitted and Not Listed in the Catalogue of the Great Zhou Canonical Entry, as well as Newly Translated Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna Sūtras, Vinayas, Treatises, Anthologies, and Biographies, etc.).
Fascicle Twenty-eight: (The Catalogue of Doubtful Works Requiring Re-examination, Newly Compiled Apocrypha Fabricating and Corrupting Truth, and Apocryphal Sūtras in the Sūtra Catalogues, along with the Catalogues of Compilations and Excerpts by Various Masters, etc., together with the Canonical Rectification in Accordance with Imperial Decrees).
Fascicle Twenty-nine: (The Catalogue of the Canon Entry of Mahāyāna Sūtras, Vinayas, and Śāstras, also noting alternative titles and the number of paper sheets used, etc.).
Fascicle Thirty: (The Catalogue of the Canon Entry of Hīnayāna Sūtras, Vinayas, Śāstras, and Anthologies and Biographies of Sages and Saints, with the end of the fascicle also noting the catalogue of deleted texts that do not enter the canon, etc.).
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Part Two: General Comprehensive Catalogue of the Sūtras, part one of the upper section.
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The Later Han, the Liu clan, with its capital at Luoyang.
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From the tenth year of Yongping (dingmao) of Emperor Ming to the first year of Yankang (gengzi) of Emperor Xian, there were eleven emperors across one hundred and fifty-four years. There were twelve monastic and lay translators. The sūtras, vinayas, and śāstras produced, along with the newly and previously collected anonymous translations, total two hundred and ninety-two works in three hundred and ninety-five fascicles (among them, ninety-seven works in one hundred and thirty-one fascicles are extant, and one hundred and ninety-five works in two hundred and sixty-four fascicles are missing texts). These constitute the sūtra catalogue of the Later Han. In it, those where 'Emperor' is directly stated are authentic, whereas those that also mention personal names are spurious. The chronology and cyclical signs are verified and fixed according to the two chronological tables of Zhen Luan, Metropolitan Commandant of the Tang, and Wang Daogui, Erudite of the National University.
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Śramaṇa Kāśyapa Mātanga of the Later Han: one work, one fascicle (sūtra).
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Śramaṇa Dharmaratna: four works, fifteen fascicles (sūtras).
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Śramaṇa Lokakṣema: thirty-three works, sixty-seven fascicles (sūtras and anthologies).
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Śramaṇa An Shigao: ninety-five works, one hundred and fifteen fascicles (sūtras, vinayas, and anthologies).
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Śramaṇa Zhu Fochao: two works, three fascicles (sūtras).
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Upāsaka An Xuan: two works, three fascicles (sūtras and anthologies).
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Śramaṇa Zhi Yao: eleven works, eleven fascicles (sūtras and anthologies).
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Śramaṇa Kang Ju: one work, one fascicle (sūtra).
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Śramaṇa Yan Fotiao: five works, eight fascicles (sūtras).
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Śramaṇa Kang Mengxiang: six works, nine fascicles (sūtras and vinayas).
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Śramaṇa Zhu Dali: one work, two fascicles (sūtra).
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Śramaṇa Tan-guo: one work, two fascicles (sūtra).
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Newly and previously collected anonymous translations: one hundred and forty-one works, one hundred and fifty-eight fascicles. Fifty-nine works in seventy-six fascicles belong to the old collection; eighty-two works in eighty-two fascicles are newly appended.
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Sūtra in Forty-Two Chapters, one fascicle (translated jointly with Falan at the Baima Temple in the tenth year of the Yongping era [67 CE], cyclical year dingmao; first translation; the Old Catalogue refers to it as Emperor Xiaoming's Forty-Two Chapters).
The above one work in one fascicle is presently extant.
Śramaṇa Kāśyapa Mātaṅga (also called Zhu Yemoteng, and also called Shemoteng;
various catalogues preserve different names, and it is not clear which is correct; because it was formerly left untranslated, it is fully detailed here). He was a person of Central India, of the brāhmaṇa caste. In his youth he was intelligent and sharp, learned, and broad of hearing, with refined and outstanding cognitive ability, particularly illuminating the sūtras and vinaya. He once travelled in Western India, where there was a small state that invited Mātaṅga to lecture on the Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sūtra. Soon after, a neighbouring state raised an army and came to attack; as they were about to cross the border, there was suddenly an obstacle and the troops could not advance. The army of that state suspected there was some uncanny art, and secretly sent an emissary to spy on them. They saw only the assembled ministers peacefully listening together to his exposition of the Mahāyāna sūtra explaining the method by which the earth-spirit kings protect the realm. Thereupon that state requested peace and sought the Dharma. In the seventh year of the Yongping era [64 CE], cyclical year jiazi, Emperor Ming dreamed of a golden man sixteen feet tall, with a sun disc around his neck, shining brightly, flying before the palace hall. The next day he broadly questioned his assembled ministers: “What divine marvel is this?” The erudite Fu Yi stepped forward and addressed the throne in reply, saying: “Your subject has heard that in the Western Regions there is one who attained the Way, styled the Buddha. Might what Your Majesty dreamed be him?” The Emperor took it to be so, and issued an edict dispatching eighteen men, including the Gentleman of the Interior Cai Yin, the General of the Household Qin Jing, and the Disciples of the Erudites Wang Zun and others, to journey to India to seek out the Buddhadharma. In the realm of the Great Yuezhi, they encountered Mātaṅga. At that time, Cai Yin and the others earnestly petitioned Mātaṅga, and he accordingly came with them, arriving at Luoyi. Emperor Ming received and treated him with great appreciation. The Buddhist sūtras they brought and the painted images they obtained were borne on white horses and arrived together in Luoyang. Consequently, a saṅghārāma was erected, named the Baima (White Horse) Temple. Various prefectures vied to establish temples in requital of the favor of the white horses. At the Baima Temple, Mātaṅga produced the Sūtra in Forty-Two Chapters. It was initially stored inside the fourteenth compartment of the stone chamber of the Lantai (Orchid Terrace). From then on, the teachings of Śākya arose consecutively like clouds, and śramaṇas and faithful laymen followed on each other's heels in transmission and translation. Arranged according to the catalogues, this is indeed the ancestor of the scriptures and Dharma in the Han land. An old catalogue states: “This sūtra was originally an extract from foreign scriptures, fundamentally drawn from a large work; it gathered the essentials to guide common folk, resembling the Classic of Filial Piety in eighteen chapters.” It is found in the Old Catalogue, Zhu Shixing's Catalogue, Sengyou's Chu sanzang ji [ji], and elsewhere; it is not recorded in Dao'an's catalogue. Mātaṅga, considering that the Great Transformation had only just arrived and people did not yet have deep faith, kept his subtle understanding concealed and did not immediately translate extensively; he merely condensed the essentials of the scripture to guide the customs of the time. Mātaṅga later died in Luoyang. The detailed account of its origin is fully recorded in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue, the Gaoseng zhuan (Biographies of Eminent Monks), and elsewhere. When Sheng traced the origins of the catalogues, his initial intention was to narrate how the translated scriptures came to be, which required giving the causes and circumstances; therefore, he broadly gathered various accounts to widen knowledge of rare matters. Although it makes for verbose text, the narrative of the circumstances is complete.
Sūtra on the Severance of Fetters in the Ten Stages, eight fascicles (also in four fascicles; also called Ten Abodes; first translation; the same text as Zhu Fonian's Sūtra on the Severance of Fetters in the Ten Abodes; produced in the thirteenth year of the Yongping era [70 CE]; seen in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue, the Gaoseng zhuan, Fei Changfang's catalogue, etc.).
Ocean of Dharma Treasury Sūtra, one fascicle (one copy lacks the character zang [treasury]; first translation; the same text as the Ocean of Dharma Sūtra, etc.; seen in the Gaoseng zhuan, Fei Changfang's catalogue, etc.).
Sūtra on the Former Actions of the Buddha, five fascicles (produced in the eleventh year of the Yongping era [68 CE]; seen in the Gaoseng zhuan, Fei Changfang's catalogue, etc.).
Sūtra on the Previous Lives of the Buddha, one fascicle (seen in the Gaoseng zhuan, Fei Changfang's catalogue, etc.).
The above four works in fifteen fascicles are all lacking their texts.
Śramaṇa Zhu Falan was also a person of Central India. He said of himself that he recited tens of thousands of sections of sūtras and śāstras and served as a master to Indian scholars. When Cai Yin arrived in that country, Falan joined Mātaṅga in agreeing to travel and convert, and so followed along to come. Encountering his disciples who held him back and obstructed him, Falan came by travelling along secluded paths. Having reached Luoyang, he resided together with Mātaṅga. After a short time he became skilled in the Han language. At first he translated the Sūtra in Forty-Two Chapters together with Mātaṅga. When Mātaṅga passed away, Falan translated four works by himself, including the Sūtra on the Severance of Fetters in the Ten Stages. In the past, when the Former Han Emperor dug the bottom of the Kunming Pool, he found black ash and asked Dongfang Shuo. Shuo said: “This is not something your subject knows; you may ask the barbarians of the Western Regions.” When Falan arrived, he was subsequently questioned about it. Falan said: “This is the ash from the conflagration at the end of the kalpa.” Shuo's words were thus verified, and those who believed were very numerous. Furthermore, when the envoy Qin Jing returned from the Yuezhi country, he obtained a statue of Śākya, which was the fourth replica made by the craftsmen of King Udayana's sandalwood statue. Arriving in Luoyang, the Emperor immediately ordered that it be painted and copied, and placed it upon the Qingliang Terrace and the Xianjie Tomb for making offerings. From then on, painting [the Buddha] has spread down to the present day. Falan later died in Luoyang at an age of over sixty. Furthermore, Changfang and other catalogues state that Falan translated the Comparison of Differences in the Two Hundred and Sixty Precepts in two fascicles; this is not so. A close examination of the titles shows it was not translated by Falan. The detailed search into similarities and differences is narrated below in the Detailed Catalogue of Missing Texts.
Sūtra on the Practice of the Perfection of Wisdom, ten fascicles (titled Mahāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra on the Practice of the Way, also called Prajñā Sūtra Chapter on the Practice of the Way; or eight fascicles; first translation; the same text as the Mingdu, the Aṣṭasāhasrikā, and the Fourth Assembly of the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra; produced on the eighth day of the seventh month in the second year of the Guanghe era [179 CE]; seen in the two catalogues of Daozhi and Sengyou).
Sūtra on the Immeasurable, Pure, Equal, and Perfect Enlightenment, two fascicles (also called simply the Immeasurable and Pure Sūtra; second translation; the same text as the Large Amitābha and the Assembly of the Immeasurable Life in the Ratnakūṭa; seen in the Wu Catalogue).
Sūtra of Akṣobhya Buddha's Land, two fascicles (translated in the first year of the Jianhe era [147 CE]; or one fascicle; first translation; the same text as the Assembly of Tathāgata Akṣobhya in the Ratnakūṭa; seen in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue; also called Sūtra Chapter on the Training in Precepts of Bodhisattvas in the Buddha-field of Akṣobhya; or without the character guo [land]).
Sūtra of the Maṇi Gem Left Behind by the Sun, one fascicle (Master Dao'an says it emerges from the Vaipulya section; first translation; the same text as the Assembly of Samantamukha Bodhisattva in the Ratnakūṭa; also named Ancient Chapter of the Sūtra on the Prajñā Spoken by Yiri; also named Mahāratnakūṭa-sūtra; also named Mahā-adornment of Jewels Sūtra; seen in the two catalogues of Sengyou and Fei Changfang).
Pratyutpanna-samādhi-sūtra, three fascicles (also named Sūtra on the Samādhi Where the Presently Abiding Buddhas of the Ten Directions All Stand Before One; formerly called Large Pratyutpanna-samādhi-sūtra; or two fascicles; translated in the second year of the Guanghe era [179 CE]; first translation; the same text as the Bhadrapāla Sūtra in the Mahāsaṃnipāta; seen in Nie Daozhen's catalogue and the Wu Catalogue).
Dousha Sūtra, one fascicle (seen in Sengyou's catalogue and the Wu Catalogue; an alternate translation of the Chapter on Names in the Avataṃsaka-sūtra).
Sūtra of the Questions of Druma[-kiṃnara-rāja], two fascicles (first translation; Sūtra on the Ratnatathāgata Samādhi Asked by Druma; the Old Catalogue refers to it as Sūtra of King Druma Dhāraṇī; or three fascicles; first translation; the same text as the Mahādruma-kiṃnara-rāja-paripṛcchā-sūtra; absent in Dao'an's catalogue; seen in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue and Sengyou's catalogue).
Ajātaśatru-rāja-sūtra, two fascicles (first translation; the same text as the Samantamukhanirhāra-samādhi-sūtra, etc.; seen in Sengyou's catalogue; Dao'an's statement that it comes from the Dīrgha-āgama is incorrect).
Sūtra of the Hundred Treasures of the Inner Storehouse, two fascicles (also called Hundred Chapters of the Inner Storehouse; first translation; slightly different from An Shigao's translation; Master Dao'an says it comes from the Vaipulya section; seen in Sengyou's catalogue).
1.55.2
Sūtra of Mañjuśrī's Questions on the Bodhisattva's Offices, in one fascicle (also simply called Sūtra of Questions on Offices; found in Sengyou's Catalogue and the Wu Catalogue; [Dao]an states it comes from the Vaipulya section).
New Sūtra of Parables, in one fascicle (consisting of eleven stories; [Seng]you notes the translator is lost; [Fei Chang]fang notes it appears in the Detailed Catalogue; the above are extant, the following are lost).
Mahāvaipulya Mahāsaṃnipāta-sūtra, in twenty-seven fascicles (first translation, from the same original as Dharmakṣema's translation; found in Li Kuo's Catalogue).
Pratyutpanna-buddha-saṃmukhāvasthita-samādhi-sūtra, in one fascicle (this is a re-translation of the latter ten chapters; [Seng]you lists this one-fascicle version but lacks the three-fascicle one; Jingtai's Catalogue sometimes prefixes the character "Great"; third translation; Sengyou's Catalogue notes it was produced on the eighth day of the tenth month of the second year of Guanghe).
Brahma Parinirvāṇa Sūtra, in two fascicles (or one fascicle; first translation, from the same original as the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra; found in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue; sometimes prefixed with the character "Great"; the third [character] Hu [was altered to] Ban [Parinirvāṇa], here changed to Brahma).
Hastikakṣya-sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; found in Fashang's Catalogue).
Sarvadharmavīrarāja-sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; found in Fashang's Catalogue).
Prabhāsa-samādhi-sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; [Seng]you states it appears in a catalogue; [Dao]an and [Chang]fang state it also appears in the Wu Catalogue).
Bobei ben jing, in two fascicles (first translation; found in Sengyou's Catalogue).
Śūraṅgama-sūtra, in two fascicles (produced on the eighth day of the tenth month of the second year of Zhongping; first translation; also said to be in three fascicles; found in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue, Sengyou's Catalogue, and the Wu Catalogue).
Mahā-upāyakauśalya-kṛtajñatā-sūtra, in one fascicle (found in the Wu Catalogue).
Sūtra on King Ajātaśatru's Questions on the Five Inexpiable Sins, in one fascicle (also called King Ajātaśatru Sūtra; first translation; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Dhyāna-sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; [Fei Chang]fang notes it appears in the Detailed Catalogue).
Sūtra on the Causes and Conditions of King Aśoka's Crown Prince Having His Eyes Plucked Out, in one fascicle (King Aśoka appeared only more than a hundred years after the Buddha's nirvāṇa, so this was not spoken by the Buddha; sometimes lacks the word "Sūtra"; first translation; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
The twenty-three texts in sixty-seven fascicles above (the eleven texts in twenty-six fascicles above the Za piyu are extant; the twelve texts in forty fascicles below the Daji jing are lost texts).
Śramaṇa Lokakṣema, also simply called Zhi Chen, was a native of the Yuezhi kingdom. His conduct was pure and deep, and his nature open and quick. Upholding the Dharma and precepts, he was renowned for diligence. Chanting the various sūtras, his aim lay in propagating the Dharma. During the reigns of Emperors Huan and Ling, he traveled to Luoyang. From the first year of Jianhe, a dinghai year, of Emperor Huan, to the third year of Zhongping, a bingyin year, of Emperor Ling, he translated twenty-three texts including the Daoxing [bore jing] in Luoyang. He accurately captured the original purport without adding embellishments; he can truly be called a gentleman who excelled at expounding the essentials of the Dharma and propagating the Path. The pure believers Meng Fu and Zhang Lian of Henan served as the scribes. However, as for the old translation referring to "Hu [Barbarian] Parinirvāṇa," I personally find it problematic. Since the translation of scriptures in former ages, whenever virtuous sages received text with brush in hand, at every translation they invariably spoke of "translating Hu into Han." "Hu" refers merely to the frontier customs of the Western regions, akin to the Di and Qiang of this land. To now label it "Hu," how does that pertain to India? The divergence is as profound as between Chu and Yue—how could one not examine it carefully? All sūtras spoken by the Buddha should properly be termed "Brahma texts" (Fanben). "Fan" here means pure. Formerly, at the beginning of the kalpa, beings descended from the Ābhāsvara Heaven of the Brahma realm to that land. Those who ate the fat of the earth became heavy in body and could not return; they thereupon became humans. They are the original ancestors of the Five Indias. Their designation was established based on their heavenly title. If they are called "Hu," what principle could account for it? It is simply that they call it "Brahma speech," just as this land refers to "Han language." There is indeed a basis for this, and it is not an error. Just as in former days, monks were all called by their secular surnames. In the reign of Fu Qin, there was the śramaṇa Dao'an, who stood out remarkably in his day and had an extraordinary awakening, stating: "Having shaved the head and inherited the lineage of the Śākya clan, if sons bear different names from their father, how can that be called succession? Today, those who leave household life should all take the surname Shi (Śākya)." Later, when the four Āgamas were translated, the text indeed stated: "The four castes who leave household life belong equally to the Śākya clan." The multitude all sighed in admiration. (The four castes are: first, Kṣatriya; second, Brāhmaṇa; third, Vaiśya; and fourth, Śūdra).
Now, Dao'an lived precisely during the Jin and Qin eras; he fixed the catalogue and redacted sūtras and treatises, giving himself the title "Vast as Heaven" (Mitian), a model for later generations. Yet he still spoke of "translating Hu into Qin has five losses and three difficulties." This was merely a blind spot of a learned man, not entirely free of flaw. Wherever "Hu speech" appears from former ages onward, it is now emended to the character "Fan" (Brahma), in the hope of avoiding error and allowing commentators to obtain correctness.
Furthermore, according to catalogues such as Changfang's, among Lokakṣema's translations there is also a Mahāratnakūṭa-sūtra in one fascicle. Now, since it is from the same original as the Yiri moni bao jing, it should not be listed again. Moreover, examining the phrasing, it was not translated by [Loka]kṣema; other catalogues all treat it as an anonymous translation. Following the Detailed Catalogue as authoritative, it is hereby removed from [Loka]kṣema's catalogue.
Mahāyāna-vaipulya Essential Wisdom Sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; from the same original as the Assembly of Maitreya's Questions on the Eight Dharmas in the Ratnakūṭa; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Crown Prince Mupo Sūtra, in one fascicle (first translation; an alternate translation from the Liudu ji; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Sūtra on the Elder's Son Zhi, in one fascicle (also called Zhi jing; first translation; from the same original as the Shi tongzi jing; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Ratnakūṭa Samādhi Sūtra on Mañjuśrī's Questions on the Dharmakāya, in one fascicle (also called Yiri bao sanmei wenshushili pusa wen fashen jing; first translation; from the same original as the Fajie tixing jing; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Self-Vow Samādhi Sūtra, in one fascicle (a note below the title reads: "Chapter Four, The Unique Realization; extracted from the Pure Conduct of Bhikṣus"; first translation; largely identical with Dharmarakṣa's version with minor variations; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Sūtra on Bathing the Monks in the Bathhouse, in one fascicle (also simply called Bathhouse Sūtra; first translation; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Sūtra of Fifty Calculations on the Radiance of Insight, in two fascicles (also simply called Calculations on the Radiance of Insight, or simply Fifty Calculations; produced in the first year of Yuanjia; found in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue and Sengyou's Catalogue).
Sūtra of the Buddha Seal Samādhi, in one fascicle (found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Sūtra on the Eight Realizations of the Great Beings, in one fascicle (found in Baochang's Catalogue).
Śāriputra's Repentance Sūtra, in one fascicle (also simply called Repentance Sūtra; first translation; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Sūtra on the Origin of Human Desires, in one fascicle (produced in the second year of Yongshou; an alternate translation of fascicle ten of the Dīrghāgama; annotated with a preface by Dao'an; found in Zhu Shixing's Han Catalogue and Sengyou's Catalogue).
Sūtra on Sigāla's Prostrations to the Six Directions, in one fascicle (also called Sūtra on Sigāla's Worship of the Six Directions; an alternate translation of fascicle eleven of the Dīrghāgama; found in Changfang's Catalogue).
Dīrghāgama Sūtra on the Ten Retributions, in two fascicles (also called Duozeng dao zhang jing, or simply Sūtra on the Ten Retributions; an alternate translation of fascicle nine of the Dīrghāgama; old catalogues also state it comes from the Dīrghāgama; found in Sengyou's Catalogue).
Sūtra on Restraining and Guarding the Causes of All Inflows, in one fascicle (an alternate translation of fascicle two of the Madhyamāgama; old catalogues call it Sūtra on Restraining All Inflows; the Wu Catalogue calls it Sūtra on Restraining and Guarding Inflows, or also Shougu; some also have Restraining Inflows or Restraining and Firmly Guarding All Inflows; found in Zhu Shixing and Sengyou).
Sūtra on the Four Truths, in one fascicle (an alternate translation of fascicle seven of the Madhyamāgama; found in Sengyou's Catalogue; Master [Dao]an's statement that it comes from the Dīrghāgama is perhaps an error).
First 56 of 60 passages. Read on
Linked texts (1)
- 貞元新定釋教目錄 — 圓照, Classical Chinese