Yāska's Nirukta 118
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 118
- Language
- Sanskrit
118.1
"ājāsa̍ḥ pū̱ṣaṇa̱ṃ0-va̍hantu̱ bibhra̍taḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 8, 21, 6 )"-iti || bharadvājasyārṣam "āvahantu" "ājāsaḥ" ajāḥ, aśvāḥ | "niśṛmbhāḥ" "niśrathyahāriṇaḥ" | ya evalakṣaṇā aśvāḥ, te āvahantu "pūṣaṇaṃ" devaṃ "rathe" avasthitaṃ "bibhrataḥ" dhārayamāṇāḥ | "janaśriyam" "jātaśriyam" udbhūtaśriyamityarthaḥ | evamatra samānavibhaktyantatvāt "ajāsaḥ"-ityanena "niśṛmbhāḥ"ityetadaśvaviśeṣaṇam | sati cāśvaviśeṣaṇatve "niśrathyahāriṇaḥ" śīghrahāriṇaḥ, tasyābhīṣṭatvādāgamanasya |
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118.3
"ṛdūdaraḥ ( 14 )"-ityanavagatam | "mṛdūdaraḥ"-ityavagamaḥ | "somaḥ" ityabhidheyaḥ || "ṛ̱dūdareṇa sakhyā̍ saceya̱ yo mā na riṣyeddharyaśva pītaḥ | a̱yaṃ yaḥ somo̱ nyadhāyya̱sme tasmā̱ indra̍ṃ prati̱rame̍myāyu̍ḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 4, 12, 5 )"-iti || pragāthasyeyamārṣam | triṣṭup | saumī | somendrasya śyāmākasya caroḥ yājyaiṣā, somavamiprāyaścitteṣṭau | "ṛdūdareṇa" mṛdūdareṇa somena, mṛdu hi somasyodaram, suṣiratvāt | athavā-mṛdurayamūdare syāt-ityevamāśāsyate, pātṛbhirvamanāśaṅkayā | tasmāt mṛdūdaraḥ somaḥ, sa punareṣa mṛdūdaraḥ sannṛdūdara ityucyate, tena mṛdūdareṇa | "sakhyā" samānakhyānenaiva kenacit puruṣeṇa, mitreṇa "saceya" saṃsaceyam, saṃseveyam, | punarāgāmiṣu 'yaḥ' somaḥ 'mā' māṃ 'na riṣyet' na hiṃsyāt, 'pītaḥ' san | yathāhametena somenāhiṃsitaḥ, tathā saceyam | he 'haryaśva !' indra ! somasvāmin ! etadastu naḥ | kiñca, 'ayaṃ yaḥ somaḥ' 'nyadhāyi asme' nihito'smākhvāsīt | yenemāmāpadamāpāditāḥ smro vamanadvāreṇa | 'tasmai' tadartham | tenāsmākamāyuro yadava-
khaṇḍanaṃ kṛtam, tatpratipūraṇāya | 'indram' 'pratiram' pratīrṇamanavakhaṇḍitaṃ sarvaim "āyuḥ' 'emi' yācāmītyarthaḥ | somavamanavaiguṇyāt āyuṣaśchedamāśaṅkamāna indraṃ dīrghamāyuryayāca yajamānāya || evamasmin "ṛdūpeḥ-somaḥ" prakaraṇāt, śabdasārūpyācca |
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118.4
"ṛdūpe (15)"-"iti, upariṣṭād vyākhyāsyāmaḥ"-"ṛdūpe ci̍idṛdvṛrdhā"ityatra |
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118.5
"pulukāmaḥ (16)"--ityanavagatam | "purukāmaḥ"--ityavagamaḥ | "i̱maṃ nu soma̱manta̍ito hṛtsu pī̱tamupa̍ bruve | yatsī̱māga̍ścakṛ̱mā tatsu̱mṛ̍ḷatu pulu̱kāmo̱ hi martya̍ḥ || (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 4, 22, 5)"--iti || agastyalopāmudrāmaṃvāde antevāsī brahmacārī imāṃ saumī bṛhatamapaśyat | 'imam' aham 'somam' 'antitaḥ' antike avasthitam 'upa' gamya cetasā 'bruve' | na ca bahirantike'vasthitamupabruve, kiṃ tarhi ? 'pītaṃ' santa 'hṛtsu' eva, sva eva hṛdaye'vasthitamupabruve | "yat sīmāgaścakṛmā" | yat sīm sarvataḥ sarvaprakāram āgaḥ cakṛma pāpaṃ kṛtavanto vayam | 'tat' aya somaḥ 'sumṛḷatu' sumṛḍatu suṣṭhu sukhavidhipariṇāmaṃ karotu | ki kāraṇam ? itaḥ, yasmāt "pulukāmo hi" bahukāmo hi "martyaḥ" | sa bahukāmatvāt manuṣyasvābhāvyāt avaśyamāgaḥ karoti, tadayaṃ pītaḥ somaḥ śamayatvityabhiprāyaḥ || evamatra pulukāma-śabdena purukāmo bahukāmaḥ ucyate, 'martya'-śabdasāmānādhikaraṇyāt, sārūpyācca |
118.6
"asinvatī ( 17 )"-ityanavagatam | "asaṃkhādantyau"-ityarthapratītiḥ | "apa̍śyamasya maha̱to ma̍hi̱tvamama̍rtyasya martyā̍su vi̱kṣu | nānā̱ hanū̱ vibhṛ̍te̱ saṃ bha̍rete̱ asi̍nvatī bapsa̍tī bhūryattaḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 3, 14, 1 )"-iti | vaiśvānarasyāgneḥ saucīkasya vā vājambharasya vā satteriyamārṣam | triṣṭup | āgneyī | 'apaśyam' aham | bhagavataḥ agneḥ 'mahataḥ' 'mahitvam' māhābhāgyam | 'amarttyasya' amaraṇadharmiṇaḥ | 'marttyāsu' maraṇadharmiṇīṣu, 'vikṣu' manuṣyaprajāsu ityarthaḥ | āhaki punastanmāhābhāgyam ? iti, ucyate-'nānā' bhāvenaite 'hanū' hananasamarthe jvāle avasthite 'vibhṛte' vividhamiva dhṛte satyau 'sambharete' ekatra harete havīṃṣi dārūṇi vā | sambhṛtya ca "asinvatī" "asaṃkhādantyau" asaṃkhādantyāviva, athavā-asaṃcūrṇayantyāviva | anena prakāreṇa śīghraṃ "bapsatī" bhakṣayantyau | "bhūri" api dārujātaṃ havirjātaṃ vā, -yat "attaḥ" bhakṣayataḥ, na ca śrāmyataḥ | etadasya māhābhāgyamahamapaśyamasmin manuṣyaloke iti | hanurūpasambandhāt bahvīṣvapi jvālāsu dvivacanameva sthitam || evamatra hanusambandhāt "asinvatī=asaṃkhādantyau"-ityupapadyate |
118.7
"kapanāḥ ( 18 )"-ityanavagatam | "kampanāḥ"-iti śabdasamādhiḥ | 'krimayaḥ bhavanti"-ityabhidheyavacanam || "a̱ñjanti̱ śarddho ma̱ruto̱ yada̱rṇasa̱ṃ moṣa̍thā vṛ̱kṣaṃ kapa̍neva vedhasaḥ | adha̍ smā no a̱ramati̍ṃ sajoṣā̱ścakṣu̱riva̍ yanta̱manu̍ neṣathā su̱gam || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 3, 15, 1 )"-iti || śyāvāśvasyātreyasyeyamārṣam | mārutī | jagatī | dāśarātrike trivṛtstome prathame'hanyābhimārute viniyuktā | "praśaṃseyetyābhimārutaḥ"-iti sūtrāt | 'añjanti' ājate | 'vaḥ' 'marutaḥ !' tat 'śarddhaḥ' tadvalam | 'yat' yena balena 'arṇasaṃ' meghaṃ vṛddham, udakapūrṇam, anupraviśya "moṣatha" muṣṇītha yūyam, nirudakaṃ kurutetyabhiprāyaḥ | kathaṃ punarmoṣatha ? iti-"vṛkṣaṃ kapaneva vedhasaḥ"| "kapanāḥ" "kampanāḥ" "krimayaḥ" iva, "vedhasaḥ" veddhāraḥ, yathā vṛkṣamamupraviśya krimayo'ntargataṃ dārucūrṇaṃ rasaṃ vā muṣṇanti, eva yūyamamudakaṃ muṣṇītha | athavā-he'vedhasaḥ' medhāvinaḥ ! iti marudviṣayametat sambodhanaṃ syāt| yasmāda yūyamevamādinā prabhāveṇa yuktāḥ, athaitasmāt kāraṇāt asmākametām ‘aramatim’ alamatim, paryāptamatim, parisamāptavidyaṃ yajamānaṃ svakṛtenaiva karmaṇā vidyayā vā yantam ito lokādamuṃ lokaṃ ‘sugaṃ’ śobhanagamanaṃ sthānam, yūyamapi ‘anuneṣatha’ ‘he 'sajoṣasaḥ' sahaprītāḥ ! gamanānugrahe'sya varttadhvamityabhiprāyaḥ | kathaṃ ca punarneṣatha? ‘cakṣuriva’ yathā gacchataḥ puruṣasya cakṣurgamanānugrahe varttate, evamanuneṣathainaṃ sugamiti || evamatra vṛkṣasambandhāt “krimayaḥ=kampanāḥ” te hi vṛkṣaṃ muṣṇanti, moṣayanti ca kampayanti ca yaṃ khādanti, svayameva vā kampante calanasvābhāvyāt |
118.8
“bhāṛjīkaḥ (19)-” ityanavagatam | “ṛjubhāḥ”–ityavagamaḥ | “prasiddhabhāḥ”– iti paryāyaśabdena nirvacanam || “de̱vo de̱vānpari̍bhūrṛ̱tena̱ vahā̍ no ha̱vyaṃ pra̍tha̱maściki̍tvān | dhūmake̍tuḥ samidhā̍ bhāṛ̱jīko ma̱ndro hotā̍ ni̱tyo vā̱cā yajī̍yān || (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 6, 11, 2)”- iti || āṅgirasya havirdhānasyārṣam | triṣṭup | 'devaḥ' tvaṃ dānādiguṇayuktaḥ ! he bhagavan ! agne ! 'devān' 'paribhūḥ' sarvato bhavasi | 'ṛtena' yajñena sahitaḥ | taduktam, – agne̍ ne̱mira̍rām̐ i̍va de̱vām̐stvaṃ pari̍bhūrasi̍ ā̱rādha̍ścitramṛ̱ñjase || (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 1, 5, 6 )”-iti|| yastvamevamprabhāvaḥ, taṃ tvāṃ bravīmi, – 'vaha' prāpaya 'no havyaṃ' devān prati | 'prathamaḥ' yasmāt tvaṃ manuṣyahotāramapekṣya, tasmādetat kuru | 'cikitsān' svamadhikārametaṃ jānāna ityabhiprāyaḥ | “dhūmaketuḥ” dhūmaprajñānaḥ, dhūmadhvajo vā | “samidhā” samindhanena “bhāṛjīkaḥ” prasiddhabhāḥ | 'mandraḥ' madanaḥ, tarpayitā devānām | 'hotā' āhvātā 'nityaḥ' itaraṃ manuṣyahotāramanityamapekṣāgnireva nityo hotā | 'vācā' vāgadhidevatābhāvenāvasthitaḥ | 'yajīyān' yaṣṭrataraḥ, manuṣyahotāramapekṣya | evamatra “bhāṛjīkaḥ=prasiddhabhāḥ”-ityupapadyate |
118.9
‘‘rujānāḥ (20)’’-ityetadekaṃ padamanavagatam | ‘rujantyaḥ’-ityavagamaḥ | ‘‘nadyo bhavanti’’-ityabhidheyavacanam | ‘‘rujanti kūlāni’’-iti hetunirdeśaḥ || ‘‘ayoddheva̍durmada̱ ā hi ju̱hve ma̍hāvī̱raṃ tu̍vibā̱dhamṛ̱jīṣam̍ | nātārīdasya̱ samṛ̍tiṃ va̱dhānā̱ṃ saṃ rujānā̍: pipiṣa indraśatruḥ || (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 2, 37, 1)’’-iti || hiraṇyastūpasyārṣam | agniṣṭome niṣkevalye śasyate | ‘ayoddhā iva’yathā kaścit ayoddhā, ‘durmadaḥ’ durmattaḥ-vāṅmātrasāraḥ | āha-sa yathā kiṃ karoti ? iti, ucyate-‘ā hi juhve’ āhvayatītyarthaḥ | kamāhvayati ? ‘mahāvīram’ mahāvikrāntam, ‘tuvibādham’ bahūnāṃ śatrūṇāṃ bādhitāram, ‘ṛjīṣam’ ṛjīṣiṇamityarthaḥ | taduktam-‘‘ṛjīṣī vajrī’’-iti| tamevamprabhāvamindramāhūya meghaḥ ‘nātārīt’ itaravaddurmadaḥ na tarttuṃ śaknoti | ‘asya’ indrasya ‘samṛtiṃ’ samāgamaṃ ‘vadhānām’ prahārāṇām, ataramāṇaḥ yā etāḥ nadyaḥ, ‘‘saṃrujānāḥ’’ ūrmibhiḥ kūlāni ghnantyo rujanti, tāḥ prati viśīryamāṇaḥ ‘‘pipiṣe’’ ‘‘indraśatruḥ’’ indrasya śātayitavya ityarthaḥ | evamatra śabdārthopapatteḥ ‘‘nadyaḥ-rujānāḥ’’ityupapadyate |
118.10
‘‘jūrṇiḥ (21)’’-ityanavagatam | javanād vā, dravaṇād vā, davanād vāiti śabdasamādhayaḥ | śaktiḥ abhidheyā | ‘‘javatervā’’ hiṃsādya̍syaiva jūrṇiḥ, ‘‘dravatervā’’ gatyarthasyaiva jūrṇiḥ, ‘‘dunotervā’’ hiṃsādya̍syaiva jūrṇiḥ || ‘‘prapraॉ vo a̱sme svaya̍śobhirū̱tī pari̍varge indro̍ durma̱tīnāṃ darī̍mandurmatī̱nām | sru̱yaṃ sā ri̱ṣyathye̍ yā na̍ upaiṣa atrai̍ḥ | i̱tema̍sṛ̱nna va̍kṣati̱kṣi̱prā jūrṇi̱rna va̍kṣati ||(ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 1, 17, 3)’’-iti || purucchepasyārṣam | atiśakkaryyaticchandāḥ | pṛṣṭhyasya ṣaṣṭhe'hani niṣkevalye śasyate | ‘pra’ bravīmi he stotāraḥ ! prabrūta asmai | ‘svayaśobhiḥ’ ātmīyaiḥ yaśobhiḥ saṃyuktāḥ stutīḥ | kiṃ kāraṇam ? yasmādeṣaḥ ‘indraḥ’ stutaḥ ‘ūtī’ bhavitā, rakṣitā ‘parivarge’ saṃgrāme, yatra hi prāṇāḥ parivṛjyante viyujyante, tatra ayamasmākaṃ rakṣitā bhavati |
'durma̍tīnām' pāpamatīnāmasmacchatrūṇāṃ hantā bhaviṣyati | tametamevaṅguṇaviśiṣṭamindram 'harī̍man' dārayitṛtamaṃ 'durma̍tīnām' punaḥpunaḥ stutaḥ | āha--kathaṃ punarasāvasmākaṃ rakṣitā bhaviṣyati ? iti, ucyate--'sva̱yaṃ' 'sā' 'ri̱ṣayadhyai̍' riṣaṇāya bhaviṣyati, kiñcidapyakṛtvāsmākamindraprabhāvāt svayameva vinaṃkṣyatītyabhiprāyaḥ || kā punarasau ? iti- 'yā na upeṣe atraiḥ' | yā naḥ asmān upeṣe upa āgacchati atraiḥ adanaiḥ rakṣobhiḥ prahitā sā | 'ha̱temasanna va̍kṣati' | īm-ityanarthakaḥ | hatā satī indreṇa na vakṣati | asmān prati "kṣiptā" api ca taiḥ punarādareṇāpi rakṣobhiḥ "jūrṇiḥ" javampannāpi satī śaktiḥ, “na vakṣati” asmān prati na prāpsyatītyarthaḥ || evamatra kṣepaṇasambandhāt “jūrṇiḥ-śaktiḥ"-ityupapadyate |
118.11
“omanā (22) "-ityanavagatam | “avanāya”-ityavagamaḥ | “yu̱voḥ śriya̱ṃ pari̱ yoṣā̍vṛṇīta̱ sūro̍ duhi̱tā pari̍takmyāyām || yada̱vaya̍ntamava̍thaḥ śacī̍bhiḥ pari̍ ghṛ̱samoma̍nā vāṃ vayo̍'gāt || ( ṛ0 sa 5, 5, 16, 4)”-iti || vasiṣṭhasyeyamārṣam | triṣṭup | āśvinī | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate | he aśvinau ! 'yuvoḥ śriyam' yuvayoḥ yā śrīḥ tāṃ 'pari avṛṇīta' sarvataḥ sambhajata 'yoṣā' | āha-katamā ? iti, ucyate 'sūro duhitā' sūryyasya duhitā yeyamuṣaḥsaṃjñikā iyamavṛṇīta | kadā tāṃ śriyamuṣaḥsañjñikām iyamavṛṇīta ? 'paritakmyāyām' rātryām, ūrdhvamarddharātrāt, sa hyāśvinoḥ kālaḥ | kiñca, “yad devayantamavathaḥ śacībhiḥ” yasmāt devayantaṃ devān yaṣṭumicchantam yajamānam avathaḥ-śacībhiḥ svaiḥ karmabhiḥ | tena kāraṇena "vāṃ" "pari agāt” parigacchati | sarvāsu dikṣu yajamānairdīyamānaṃ yuvāṃ prati “vayaḥ” “annaṃ” havirlakṣaṇam, “ghṛsaṃ pari” prati ahani prāpte ityarthaḥ | pūrvāhno hyaśvinoryāgakālaḥ | taduktam,–“prāta̱ryāvā̍ṇā pratha̱mā ya̍jadhvam || (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 4, 18, 1)”–iti || kamarthaṃ puraskṛtya vayo'nnaṃ gacchati ? “omanā” “avanāya” tarpaṇāyetyarthaḥ | evamatrāśvinorhaviḥsampradānasambandhāt “omanā”-ityasya śabdasya “avanāya”-ityeṣa vipariṇāma upapadyate ||
kecidatra,-"avanenānnam"-ityevamadhīyate bhāṣyam| teṣāṃ yojanā,-"avanena" tarpaṇena bhavato nimittabhūtena "paryagāt" "annam" iti || kecit "anenānnam"-ityevamadhīyate bhāṣyam| teṣām,-"anena" mantreṇa "annaṃ" parigacchatīti yojanā syāditi |
118.13
• "bṛhadu̱kthaṃ havā̍mahe tṛ̱praka̍rasnamūtaye̍ | sādhu kṛṇvantama̍va̍se || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 3, 2, 5) "-iti || kaśyapasyārṣam | prathame paryāye maitrāvaruṇasya śastre tṛcāśītiṣu ca mahāvrate śasyate | uktham-iti śastramucyate, tad yasya bṛhat mahat, sa bṛhadukthaḥ, athavā-tad yasyaṃ vaktavyam, sa bṛhadukthaḥ | taṃ "bṛhaduktham" indram, "havāmahe" vayamāhvayāmahe, etasmin karmaṇi | 'sṛprakaratnam' sṛprabāhum, dīrghabāhum 'ūtaye' avanāya, rakṣaṇāya ātmanaḥ | 'sādhu kṛṇvantam' sādhukāriṇam, nityakālamevāsya jagataḥ sādhu kariṣyāmītyabhiprāyam | 'avase' tasyaiva tarpaṇāya, tamāgataṃ santametasmin karmaṇi tarpayiṣyāma ityetenābhiprāyeṇāhvayāmahe || evamatra "havāmahe"- ityanena sambandhāt "bṛhadukthaḥ = mahadukthaḥ, vaktavyoktho vā"- ityupapadyate | ya eva hi mahaduktho bhavati, vaktavyoktho vā sa eva sutarāmāhūyata iti |
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