Yāska's Nirukta 68
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 68
- Language
- Sanskrit
68.2
“cyavānaḥ ( 38 )”-ityetadanavagatam | “cyāvanaḥ”-ityevamarthapratītiḥ “ṛṣirbhavati”-ityabhidheyavacanam, “cyavānam”-“iti” evam “avyasya” ṛṣerbhṛguputrasya cchandasi “nigamāḥ” santi | cyavana iti prasiddhameveti kṛtvā nigamaṃ na paṭhati | itarathā tvaprasiddhamalpaprayogaṃ caitaditi kṛtvā paṭhati“yu̱vaṃ cyavā̍naṃ sana̱yaṃ yathā̱ ratha̱ṃ puna̱ryuvā̍naṃ carathā̍ya takṣathuḥ | niṣṭau̍gryamū̍hathura̱dbhyaspari̱ viśvettā vā̱ṃ sava̍neṣu pra̱vācyā̍ || ( ṛ0 sa0 7, 8, 15, 4 )”- iti | kākṣīvatyā ghoṣāyā iyamārpam | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate | aśvināvucyete,-he aśvinau ! “yuvāṃ” “cyavānam” ṛṣi cyāvayitāraṃ stomānām | “sanayaṃ” vṛddhaṃ gamanāsamarthaṃ santam “yathā” cirantanaṃ “rathaṃ” gamanāsamarthaṃ kaścicchilpī gamanasamarthaṃ kuryāt, evaṃ “punaḥ yuvānam” cyavanamṛṣiṃ “carathāya” “caraṇāya” gamanārtham “takṣathuḥ” kṛtavantau stha ityarthaḥ | kiṃca, ‘niṣṭaugryamūhathuḥ’ nirūhathuḥ, nirhṛtavantau sthaḥ, taugryaṃ tugrayāṇāmapāṃ saṃghātaṃ meghānām | kva punaḥ nirūhathuḥ ? ‘adbhyaspari’ cirantanīnāmapyāsāmapāmupari, anupakṣīṇāsvevānyāsu vārṣikāsvapsu, tāsāmevopari lokānugrahārthamanyamudakasaṃghātaṃ nirūhathuḥ | ‘tā’ tānyevamādīni karmāṇi ‘viśvā’ viśvāni, sarvāṇi | ‘vāṃ’ yuvayoḥ ‘savaneṣu’ yajñeṣu, prātaḥsavanādiṣu vā ‘pravācyā’ prakarṣeṇa vacanīyāni stotṝṇām || evametasmin mantre “cyavānā”-śabdena cyavana eva ṛṣiruktaḥ, sa hi śrūyate saukanye ākhyāne,-jīrṇaḥ sannaśvibhyāṃ punaryuvā kṛta iti | tasmādupapadyate || nigamaprasaktamucyate-“yuvā, prayauti karmāṇi” miśrayati | “takṣatiḥ karotikarmā” karotītyarthaḥ |
4 |
19 |
68.4
"haraḥ (40)”— ityetadapyanekārtham | "harateḥ"-iti vyutpattiḥ | "jyoti ucyate” taddhi hriyate, harati vā sneham, virūkṣīkaroti | harati vā tama iti haraḥ | "yā te̍ agne̱ hara̍ḥśa̱yā ta̱nūḥ” “agne̱ yatte̱ hara̍stena̱ taṃ prati̍ hara”-ityevamādayaḥ pracurā eva nigamā iti atrāpi bhāṣyakāro na paṭhati || "udakaṃ hara ucyate” taddhi hriyate prāṇibhiḥ jīvanāya || "lokā harāṃsyucyante” tebhyo hi kṣīṇapuṇyāḥ prāṇino hriyante |
19 |
68.5
"juhure ( 41 )" - ityetadanavagatam | "juhnire”-ityavagamaḥ | "ju̱hu̱re vici̍tayanto̱'ni̍miṣaṃ nṛmṇaṃ pā̍nti | ā dṛ̱ḷhāṃ pura̍ṃ viviśuḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 1, 11, 2 )” iti | vatrerātreyasyārṣam || "juhure” "juhnire”, jahrati | ye'gniṃ "vicitayantaḥ” “vicetayamānāḥ” karmakartṛsādhanānāṃ yāthātathyaṃ vedadarśanena jānānāḥ, ye ca narāḥ ‘animiṣam’ ādaravadavasthānamātmanaḥ kṛtvā yuktātmāno 'nṛmṇaṃ' yogavalamātmanaḥ karmaṇi varttamāne ‘pānti’ rakṣantītyarthaḥ | āha--ye evaṃguṇayuktāḥ, kiṃ teṣām ? iti ucyate-‘ā dṛḷhāṃ puraṃ viviśuḥ' te dṛḍhāṃ nityam, anāvṛttaye parabrahmamayīṃ puram imāmadṛḍhāṃ śarīrapuraṃ pāpiṣṭhāṃ hitvetyabhiprāyaḥ || vicetayamānā hi vedaprāmāṇikāḥ santo havanādṛte kimanyat kuryuḥ ? yena dṛḍhāṃ puramāviśeyuḥ | śabdasārūpyamapi ca juhureityetasmiñchabde'styeva | prakaraṇācceyamāgneyī ṛk | tasmāt 'juhure'- ityeṣa śabdo hava nārtha evetyupapadyate |
19 |
68.6
"vyantaḥ ( 42 )"- "ityeṣo'nekakarmā |" yasmāddhātoreṣa śabdo niṣpadyate, sa dhāturanekakarmā, anekārthaḥ | "vī gatiprajananakāntyaśanagvādaneṣu ( adā0 pa0 )"-iti | tadyathā,"padaṃ devasya nama̍sā vyantaḥ śravasyavaḥ śrava̍ āpunmṛktam | nāmāni ciddadhire yajñiyā̍ni bha̱drāyāṃ te raṇayanta saṃdṛṣṭau || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 4. 35, 4 )" iti | "iti" atra "paśyatikarmā" | bharadvājasyeyamarṣam | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate, paśau ca viniyuktā | "padaṃ" sthānam, avasthānaṃ yāthātmyam, agneḥ "devasya" dānādiguṇayuktasya "vyantaḥ" paśyanto jānānāḥ | kena ? "namasā" namaskāreṇa, 'stutyā' mantreṇetyarthaḥ | mantrārthaparijñānādeva hyagneradhyātmadhidevādhibhūtādhiyajñeṣvavasthānaṃ yāthātmyato dṛśyate | padaśabdo hi sthāne prasiddhaḥ, padastho'yamiti hi vaktāro bhavanti loke | athavā namasā annena, havirākhyenārthyudyateneti yojyam | 'śravasyavaḥ' śrava icchamānāḥ, annamātmanaḥ prārthayamānāḥ | yama evamagneḥ stutibhirvidvāṃso yāthātmyam, annairvā abhyudyataiḥ śrava icchamānāḥ paśyanto'bhimupāsate | kiṃ teṣām ? iti | ucyate -'śrava āpan' | kiṃlakṣaṇaṃ punarannamavanti ? 'amṛktam' amṛditam, anupabhuktamanyaiḥ | kiñca, 'nāmāni cit' ye caite granthamātrābhyetāraḥ kevalacchāndasāḥ, nāmānyapi ca mantrabhāvenāvasthitāni dhārayanti, anarthajñāḥ, 'yajñiyāni' yajārhāṇi, 'te'api 'bhadrāyāṃ' bhandanīyāyām, agneḥ 'sandṛṣṭau' mandarśane 'raṇayanta' ramayantyevātmānam | tānapi bhadreṇa cakṣuṣā paśyatyevāgnirityabhiprāyaḥ ||
evametasmin mantre “padaṃ, devasya, namasā, vyantaḥ, śravasyavaḥ, śravaḥ, āpan”– ityeteṣāṃ padānāmekavākyayogāt “vyantaḥ”–ityasya śabdasya paśyatyarthetopapadyate ||
“iti” atra “khādatikarmā” | viśvāmitrasyeyamārṣam | rātriparyāyeṣu mahārātrike paryāye brāhmaṇācchaṃsinaḥ śastre viniyuktā | ‘imāḥ’ imāni, ‘brahma’ brahmāṇi, ṛgyajuḥsāmākhyāni svarasauṣṭhavādiyuktāni, asmābhiḥ brahmabhyo'sya haviṣaḥ vahanasamarthāni, tvāṃ prati “kriyante” ucyanta ityarthaḥ | yaito bravīmi,–he indra ! ‘ā barhiḥ sīda’ āsīdedaṃ barhiḥ prati | āsīnaścaitasmin barhiṣi, “vrīhi” bhakṣaya etamasmatpradattaṃ he “śūra” ! “puroḷāśam”|| evametasmin mantre vrīhi śūra puroḷāśam–ityetasmādekavākyasaṃyogāt vrīhi–ityeṣaśabdaḥ khādanārthaḥ pratīyate | kimayaṃ barhiṣyāsīna indraḥ puroḍāśasyānyatra bhakṣaṇāt kuryāt ? | prasiddhaṃ ca loke kaṭhinadravyamya bhakṣaṇam, bhakṣayati modakādīni | tasmāt samādhyādbhakṣaṇārtho'yamityupapadyate || “vītaṃ pāta̍ paya̍saḥ”–ityatrāyanārthaḥ ||
maitrāvaruṇyeṣā | triṣṭup | dīrghatamasa ārṣam | mitrāvaruṇāvucyete, ‘uta vām’ api yuvayoḥ, etāsu ‘vikṣu madyāsu’ eteṣu manuṣyeṣu madayitṛṣu varttamānametat ‘andhaḥ’ havirlakṣaṇam, yadetadetasminnahani ebhirmanuṣyaiḥ bhavadbhyāṃ deyaṃ payasyākhyam ājyākhyaṃ ca | tadeva ‘gāvaḥ’ etāḥ ‘ca āpaḥ’ ‘devīḥ’dānādiguṇayuktāḥ | āsāṃ gavāmupakāraṃ kurvatyaḥ, ‘pīpayanta’ varddhayantītyarthaḥ | yadetadaśanapānayogyam, ājyaṃ mānnāyyalakṣaṇam ābhiradbhirgobhiśca yuvayorandho vardhyate | ‘uto no asya’ apyamya haviṣo'smatpūrvo yajamānaḥ patiḥ | pūrvaṃ hi dravyasya yajamānaḥ patirbhavati, tadanantara sa tad ṛtvigbhyaḥ samarpayati– ‘devatāyai saṃskṛtaitat’–iti, tataste tasya haviṣaḥ patayo bhavanti | tānapekṣya yajamānaḥ pūrvyaḥ patiḥ | tadapekṣayaivaitadṛṣvija āhuḥ,–yosmattaḥ ? ‘pūrvyaḥ patiḥ’ asya haviṣaḥ, saḥ ‘dana’ bhavati,dadadityarthaḥ | tenāpyetad bhavantāvevoddiśya asmān pratyutsṛṣṭam | evamapi sa dan bhavatyapi vayaṃ yathā vyādiṣṭameva tena pūrveṇa haviṣpatinā bhavadbhyāmetadvahvaḥ | tau yuvāmṛsva haviṣaḥ, “payasaḥ” payasyākhyasya, “usriyāyāḥ” payasā niṣpannasya,
nātikaṭhinasyaṃ aśanayogyasya svaṃ bhāgamasmābhirdīyamānaṃ “vītam” aśnītaṃ yuvāmityarthaḥ “pātaṃ” pivataṃ ca yadetadājyasya svaṃ bhāgam upastaraṇāmidhāraṇasambaddham | evamasmin mantre ‘ustriyāyāḥ payasā niṣpakvasya'-iti śrūyamāṇe payasvājye pratīyete, tayorā'jyaṃ peyam, tat 'pātam'--ityanena sambadhyate, pāriśeṣyāt ‘vītam’-ityasya śabdasya payasyayā saha sambandhaḥ, sā ca nātikaṭhinā, nātidravā, aśanayogyā, tasmāt ‘vītam’--ityeṣa śabdo'śanārtha ityupapadyate | loke'pi hi nātikaṭhine nātidrave aśnātiśabdaḥ prasiddhaḥ, – 'aśnāti pāyasam'–iti ||
68.7
“krāṇāḥ ( 43 )”- ityetadanavagatam| “kurvāṇāḥ”-ityarthapratītiḥ “gobhiḥ krāṇā anūṣata”-iti nigamaḥ | “gobhiḥ kurvāṇā ( gāḥ ) astoṣata”-iti nirvacanam , tvāmindreti śeṣaḥ | “tvāmindra̍ ma̱tibhi̍ḥ su̱te su̍nī̱thāso̍ vasū̱yava̍ḥ | gobhi̍ḥ krā̱ṇā anū̍ṣata ||”- iti | he “indra!”“tvām”asmin māṃme “matibhiḥ”matimadbhiḥ“sute” medhāvibhirabhiṣute some, ya eva hi matimantaḥ, ta eva hi somamabhiṣotuṃ śaknuvanti, netare matihīnāḥ | “sunīthāsaḥ” suṣṭhu ye stotuṃ śaknuvanti, te sunīthāḥ | 'vasūyavaḥ' vasukāmāḥ | āhakimete kurvanti, matibhiḥ sute medhāvibhirabhiṣute some ? ucyate--“gobhiḥ” vāgbhiḥ, stutilakṣaṇābhiḥ | asminnabhiṣute some ābhimukhyena “kurvāṇāḥ” “anūṣata” “astoṣata” stuvantītyarthaḥ || ābhiṣuteṣu teṣu someṣu kimanyadāmimukhyena karaṇād indrasya gobhiḥ sunīthāḥ stuvantaḥ kuryuḥ, tasmāt “krāṇāḥ”–ityeṣa śabdaḥ, “kurvāṇāḥ” ityevamupapadyate |
19 |
68.8
"vāśībhiḥ (44)"-ityetadanavagatam | pakṣeṇa ca anekārtham | "vāśībhiraśmamayībhiriti vā, vāgbhiriti vā"-iti śabdasamādhī | "vācyaḥ" evābhidheyāḥ, vāco vā | "ā nu pi̍ñca̱ hari̍mīṃ dro̱ṇapa̱sthe vā̱śībhi̍stakṣatāśma̱nmayī̍bhiḥ | pari̍ṣvajadhva̱ṃ daśa̍ ka̱kṣyā̍bhiru̱bhe dhurau̱ prati̱ vahni̍ṃ yunakta || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 5, 19, 4)"-iti | budhasya somaputrasyārṣam | "āsiñca" prakṣipa, etaṃ "hariṃ" haritavarṇaṃ somam | kva ? "droṇūpasthe" drumamayasyādhiṣavaṇaphalakadvayasyopari | eva tāvadadhvaryuruktaḥ, sa hi somamupāvaharati | adhunetarānabhipravakatṝn bravīti, -yūyamapi anenādhvaryuṇopāvahṛtamenaṃ somamadhiṣavaṇaphalakayorupari "vāśobhiḥ" etābhiḥ "aśmanmayībhiḥ" "aśmamayībhiḥ" "takṣata" saṃskuruta, abhiṣuṇutaṃtyarthaḥ, "grāvabhirabhiṣuṇvanti"-iti yuktam | athavā'yamanyo'syārddhasyārthaḥ, -he unnetaḥ ! āsiñca prakṣāraya, taṃ haritavarṇaṃ somamanena kalaśena | kva ? droṇūpasthe droṇakalaśasyopari | yūyamapi ca he hotāraḥ ! āsicyamānam enaṃ somaṃ vāśībhiḥ vāgbhiḥ stutilakṣaṇābhiḥ takṣata saṃskuruta, yadasyāyajñiyamapūtaṃ, tat stutibhiḥ punītetyabhiprāyaḥ | aśmanmayībhiḥ vyāpanasamarthābhirityarthaḥ||
yūyamapi ca he adhvaryavaḥ ! pūtametamudgātṛbhiḥ, somaṃ 'pariṣvajadhvaṃ' graheṣu, sthālīṣu ca | 'kakṣyābhiḥ' aṃgulībhiḥ, aṃgulībhireva hi pātrasthaḥ somo gṛhyate | yadeva cedaṃ grahaṇameṣa eva tasya pariṣvaṅgaḥ| pariṣvajya ca gṛhītvā enaṃ somam 'ubhe' havirddhāna-'dhurau' 'prati' 'vahnim' iva, voḍhāramiva, anaḍḍāhaṃ 'yunakta' enaṃ somaṃ sādayatetyarthaḥ | sa hi somo havirddhānadhuroḥ adhastāt gvaṃra sādyate | etasmādeva cānaḍuyojanadeśaṃ prati sāmānyādvahnimiva yunakteti luptopamatvamupapadyate | atra "vāśībhistakṣate" - iti lakṣaṇayogāt aśmamayyo vāśya etā grāvākhyā iti prathamasyārthasyopapattiḥ || etasminnarthe 'ā tū siñca'-ityāsekaśabdo gauṇaḥ, na hi somāṃśūnām anabhiṣutānām āseko'sti kaṭhinatvāt, tasmādetasminnarthe prakṣepaṇāmātrameva siñcaterarthaḥ | athavā 'āsiñcata hariṃ droṇurasthe'- ityato'nantaraṃ vāśīśabdaḥ śrūyamāṇo vāṅnāmadheyatvenāpyupapadyate eva, somo hi droṇakalaśasyopari āsicyamāno vāgbhiḥ stūyate | evamarthadvayamabhipretya ubhayathā bhāṣyakāreṇoktam,-vāśībhiraśmamayībhiriti vā, . vāgbhiriti vā-iti ||
"ayampītaro hariḥ" markaṭaḥ, "etasmādeva" iti, haritavarṇatvādvarirucyate, "śirīṣakusumaprakhyāḥ kecit piṅgalakaprabhāḥ"- iti vānarāḥ stūyante rāmāyaṇe |
19 |
68.9
"viṣuṇasya (45)"- ityetadanavagatam | "viṣamasya" - ityavagamaḥ | "na yātarva indra jūjuvurno na vanda̍nāḥ śaviṣṭha vedyābhiḥ | sa śarddhadūryo viṣaṇa̍sya ja̱ntormā śi̱śnade̍vā api̍gurṛtaṃ naḥ || (ṛ saṃ0 5, 3, 3, 5)" - iti |
vasiṣṭhasyeyamārṣam | triṣṭup | unnīyamānasakte mādhyandine sabane śasyate || he bhagavan 'indra !' tathā kuru, yathā 'na' imamasmadyajñaṃ 'yātavaḥ' yātayitāraḥ, yajñavibhaktāraḥ, kecidapi 'jūjuvuḥ' āgaccheyurityarthaḥ | kiṃca, he 'śaviṣṭha' baliṣṭha ! ye ete 'vandanāḥ' vanditāraḥ, lāḍagauḍādayaḥ, jānapadībhiḥ 'vedyābhiḥ' ākṛtibhiryuktāḥ, kiṃ brāhmaṇāḥ ete syuḥ, utānyajātīyāḥ keciditi ? athavā-āveditavyābhiḥ pravṛttibhiḥ yuktāḥ, na hi tāsāṃ pravṛttīnāmanto'sti, yābhiste pravartante capalatvāt || kiṃca, ye'pi caite śrotriyā api santaḥ “śaśninadevāḥ” śiśnena nityameva prakīrṇābhiḥ strībhiḥ sārkaṃ krīḍanta āsate, śrautāni karmāṇi utsṛjya, te'pi yuṣmadanugrahādidamasmākam “ṛtaṃ” yajñam “mā apiguḥ” mā āgacchantu, nāsmākaṃ tairapi yajñamabhigacchadbhirartho'stītyabhiprāyaḥ || āha-kīdṛśāstarhi yajñamāgacchantviti ? ucyate- “sa śarddhat” sa evotsahatāmimamasmadyajñamāgantum, ya eva “aryaḥ” īśvara ātmīyānāmindriyāṇāg, jitendriya ityarthaḥ | yaśca “viṣuṇasya” “viṣamasya” yajñavighnamayituḥ “jantoḥ” manuṣyasya nigrahāya samarthaḥ, yena paripālyamānā etaṃ yajñamavighnena mamāpayemahītyabhiprāyaḥ || evametasmin mantre yātavo vandanāḥ śinadevāśca mā āgacchantu-iti pratiṣiddheṣveteṣu aniṣṭatvādeteṣāṃ sa śarddhadaryaḥ-iti śrūyamāṇamaryavṛttamanudhyāyāgamanaviṣayametadbhavati, tasyeṣṭatvāt, sa cābhyāgataḥ sannavaśyaṃ viṣuṇasya viṣamasya manuṣyasya nigrahaṃ karoti, tasmāt 'viṣuṇasya'-[ iti ] śabdo viṣamasyetyupapadyate | yadā tu ṛtaśabdasya satyaṃ vāityetadarthavacanaṃ bhavati, tadā'smākam ṛtaṃ matyam, evalakṣaṇāḥ pāpakarmiṇaḥ mā apiguḥityevaṃ yojyam | apiguriti caiṣa gamistadā jñānārthaḥ | evamapyupapadyata ityato bhāṣyakāreṇoktam,- “satyaṃ vā yajñaṃ vā"-iti |
19 |
68.39
"rajaḥ ( 39 )"-ityanekārtham | "rajateḥ"-iti vyutpattiḥ || "jyotī raja ucyate" taddhi anurañjayati dravyāṇi svena prakāśena | "yā te̍ agne̱ rajaḥśūyā ta̱nūḥ"ityevamādyudāharaṇaṃ draṣṭavyam | bhāṣyakārastu pracuratvādeteṣu nigamān na paṭhati || "udakaṃ raja ucyate" tadapi hi svena snehākhyena guṇenānurañjayati | "bhuvo̍ ya̱jñasya̱ raja̍saśca ne̱tā yatrā̍ ni̱yudbhi̍ḥ sacase śi̱vābhi̍ḥ | di̱vi mū̱rddhāna̍ṃ dadhiṣe svarṣāṃ ji̱hvāma̍gne cakṛṣe havya̱vāha̍m || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 6, 4, 1, )" iti nigamaḥ || he 'agne !' tvamevāsya 'yajñasya' 'bhuvaḥ' pṛthivīlokādamūm antarikṣalokaṃ 'netā' 'rajasaḥ' udakasya ca netā, "agnirvā imāṃ vṛṣṭiṃ samīrayati"-iti hi vakṣyati | kva punarnetā ? 'yatra' yasmin loke 'niyudbhiḥ' aśvajātibhiḥ 'śivābhiḥ' sukhatamābhiḥ sahita 'vāyum' antarikṣasthāna 'sacase' samavese tvam, tatra netā, madhyasthānānāṃ devānāṃ sthitaye | kiñca, tvameva 'divi' avasthitaḥ sarvabhūtamūrddhāna 'dadhiṣe' dhārayasi | yajñābhiniṣpanneneto lo̍kā̍dūḍhena haviṣā 'svaḥ' svarākhyamādityam | kiñca, tvameva etāṃ 'jihvāṃ' jvālām atyudgatām, ātmanaḥ sakāśāt 'cakṛṣe' punaḥpunaḥ karoṣi | yā asmatprattāni havīṃṣi upakṣapayati, yastvamevaṃguṇayuktastvaṃ tvāṃ vayametasmin karmaṇi 'havyavāhaṃ' haviṣā voḍhāram, anena puroḍāśākhyena haviṣā yajāmaḥ | paurṇamāsamyāgneyasya haviṣo yājyaiṣā || "lokā rajāṃsyucyante" teṣvapi hi prāṇino rajyante | "tvayā̍ dṛ̱ḷhāni̍ sukrato rajā̍ṃsi ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 7, 2, 3 )" iti vyākhyāto nigamaḥ || "asṛggrahanī, rajasī ucyete" | asṛg rudhiram, asṛk ca jahṛśca asṛggrahanī te api rajasī ucyete | "māsi māsi rajo hyasāṃ duṣkṛtānyapakarṣati"-iti rudhirasyodāharaṇam | "aha̍śca kṛ̱ṣṇamaha̱rarjuna̍ṃ ca"-ityaha udāharaṇam |
4 |
19|
3||
68.46
āgamiṣyanti tānyuttarāṇi yugāni yatra jāmayaḥ kariṣyantyajāmikarmāṇi | jāmyālasyanāma bāliśasya vā |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit