一切經音義 57
English (machine translation) 57
- Language
- English
57.1
Compiled by the Translation Śramaṇa Huilin
57.2
Glossing:
Da anban shouyi jing, 2 fascicles — Huilin
Yin chi ru jing, 2 fascicles — Huilin
Chuchu jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Mayi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Fenbie shan'e suoqi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Chujia yuan jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Ehan zhengxing jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Shiba nili jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Fa shou chen jing, 1 fascicle — No words
Chanxing faxiang jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Zhangzhezi aonao sanchu jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Jiantuoguo wang jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Xumoti zhangzhe jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Anan sishi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Weishengyuan wang jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Jigou jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Siyuan jing, 1 fascicle — No words
Heishi fanzhi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Fenbie jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Baguanzhai jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Ajiliu jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Xiaozi jing, 1 fascicle
Wubai dizi zishuo benqi jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Da jiaye ben jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Si ziqin jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Luoyun renru jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Fo wei nianshao biqiu shuo zhengshi jing — No words
Shi feishi jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Shahe biqiu gongde jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Zi'ai jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Zhongxin jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Zhengjian jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Anan qimeng jing, 1 fascicle — No words
Dayu shi jing, 1 fascicle — No words
He diao anahan jing, 1 fascicle — No words
Dengzhi yinyuan jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Furen yugu jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Mohejiaye du pennü jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Shi'er pin shengsi jing, 1 fascicle — No words
Zuifu baoying jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Wu wufanfu jing, 1 fascicle — No words
Fo da seng da jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Xieqi jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Modaguo wang jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Zhanduoyueguo wang jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Wu kongbu shi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Dizi si fusheng jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Xiedai gengzhe jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Bianyi zhangzhezi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Tian qingwen jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Xianzhe wufu jing, 1 fascicle — No words
Wugou youpoyi wen jing, 1 fascicle — No words
Hujing jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Muhuazi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Wushangchu jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Luzhi zhangzhe yinyuan jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Senghu jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Chujia gongde jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Zhantanshu jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Eduohuoduoqi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Puda wang jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Fo miedu hou binlian zangsong jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Wuwang jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Si tianwang jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Moluowang jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Fanmonan guowang jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Fumu en nanbao jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sunduoyezhi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Xinsui jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Qunniu piyu jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Jiuheng jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Chanxing sanshiqi jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Biqiu bi nü eming yu zisha jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Biqiu ting shi jing, 1 fascicle — [Xuan]ying
Shenguan jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Wuchang jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Ba wuxia youxia jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Changzhao fanzhi jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Piyu jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Lüe jiaojie jing, 1 fascicle — [Hui]lin
Liaozhibing jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin
The above eighty-one scriptures in eighty-two fascicles share the sounds [glossed] in this fascicle.
57.3
Sūtra on the Mindfulness of Inhalation and Exhalation Spoken by the Buddha (Fo shuo da anban shouyi jing), Upper Fascicle
57.4
Compiled by the Translation Śramaṇa Huilin
57.5
Tethered and emaciated (𦌭瘦): The upper character is ju plus yi fan. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: 'Ji (馽) means travelers halting and lodging on their way.' The Shuowen states: 'Takes "net" (网), with ji (𦌭) for sound; xie (槷) is also written ji (羈) taking "leather" (革).' The lower character is sou plus zhou fan. Zhuangzi says: 'Illness, emaciation, death, and funeral; sorrow and trouble lie therein.' The Kaosheng says: 'Thin, emaciated.' The Shuowen says: 'Takes "sickness" (疒), with sou (叜) for sound.'
57.6
Young locusts taking flight (蝝飛): [The first character is] yue plus quan fan. The Gongyang zhuan says: 'Yuan (蝝) is precisely the xuan (蠉); when locusts are newly hatched they are called yuan (蝝), and when grown they are called fei (𧑄).' The Shuowen says: 'Locust larvae; taking "insect" (虫), with tuan (彖) for sound.' The insect fei (𧑄) is pronounced zhong plus hui fan.
57.7
Wriggling and moving (蝡動): The upper character is run plus yun fan. The Kaosheng says: 'Originally written taking "mouth" (口); wriggling things with feet are called insects (chong).' The Shuowen says: 'Takes "insect" (虫), with ruan (耎) for sound.'
57.8
Observing the yoke (軶觀): The upper character is wu plus ge fan. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Kaogong ji says: 'The yoke (e 軶) at the end of the shaft is that which presses upon the ox's neck.' The Shuowen states: 'Takes "carriage" (車), with e (戹) for sound.' The scripture writes 軶, which is a popular form.
57.9
Pain and itch (痛蛘): [The second character is] yang plus jiang fan. The Liji says: 'Though itching, one dares not scratch.' The Kaosheng says: 'Sores; having bugs within sores.' The Shuowen says: 'Scabies and itching; taking "insect" (虫), with yang (羊) for sound.' The scripture writes itch taking "illness" (疒) as yang (痒), which denotes disease and is not the scripture's intended meaning.
57.10
Panting and breathing (喘息): The upper character is chuan plus ruan fan. The Guiyuan zhucong says: 'A person's respiration is called chuan (喘).' The Shuowen says: 'Breathing; taking "mouth" (口), with zhuan (耑) for sound; zhuan is pronounced duan.'
57.11
Fine and smooth (細滑): The upper character is xi plus ji fan. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Xi means small.' The Shuowen says: 'Minute; taking "silk" (糸), with xin (囟) [for sound]; xin is pronounced xin.'
57.12
Ten hobbles (十絆): [The second character is] ban plus man fan. The Wenzi jilüe says: 'A cord for tying a horse's legs.' The Shuowen says: 'Hobbles for tethering horses; taking "silk" (糸), with ban (半) for sound.' Zhi (馽) is zhi plus li fan.
57.13
Three classes (三輩): [The second character is] bei plus wei fan. Gu Yewang says: 'Bei is like a division (bu).' Song Zhong's commentary on the Taixuan jing says: 'Bei means kind or class.' The Shuowen states: 'Takes "carriage" (車), with fei (非) for sound.' The scripture taking bei (北) to write bei (輩) is correct for the popular form.
57.14
Groggy and bewildered (𧄼瞢): The upper character is pronounced teng; the lower character is mo plus beng fan. The Cang Jie pian says: '𧄼瞢 is the appearance of just rising from sleep; also groggy and dazed.' The Commentary on the Mao Odes says: 'Mengmeng (瞢瞢) is the appearance of confused spirits.' The upper character takes deng (登) and an abbreviated meng (夢); the lower character takes mu (目) and also an abbreviated meng (夢). The scripture writes it taking "foot" (足) as deng (蹬), which is an erroneous usage and not the original character.
57.15
Lower Fascicle
57.16
Drilling for fire (鑽火): The upper character is zuan plus luan fan. The Guoyu says: 'Zuan means to chisel.' Gu Yewang says: 'Zuan means to bore.' The Jixun says: 'Zuan means to pierce; also iron for penetrating objects.' The Shuowen says: 'Takes "metal" (金), with zan (贊) for sound.'
57.17
Dispelling the old (攘故): The upper character is rang plus zhang fan. The Han Odes say: 'Rang means to eliminate.' Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: 'To avert calamity.' The Shuowen says: 'Takes "hand" (手), with xiang (襄) for sound.'
57.18
Kohl eyebrows (黛眉): The upper character is tu plus dai fan. The Shenglei says: 'Powder and kohl (dai) can be used to paint eyebrows.' The Shuowen says: 'Dai is also a kind of cosmetic for painting eyebrows; taking "black" (黑), with dai (代) for sound.'
57.19
Yin chi ru jing, Upper Fascicle
57.20
Compiled by Huilin
57.21
Distressed and despondent (懣懣): [Pronounced] men plus dun fan. Wang Yi's commentary on the Songs of Chu says: 'Men means indignant.' The Cang Jie pian says: 'Suffocated and depressed.' The Shuowen says: 'Troubled; taking "heart" (心), with man (滿) for sound.'
57.22
Being dragged along (為拕): Pronounced ta. Gu Yewang says: 'Tuo (拕) is like dragging (ye).' The Guangya says: 'Tuo also means pulling.' The Shuowen states: 'Takes "wood" (木), with ta (它) for sound; ta is pronounced the same as above.' The scripture writes 拕, which is a popular form.
57.23
Lower Fascicle
57.24
Already divided (已分): The lower character is fu plus fen fan. Wang [Bi's] commentary on the Zhouyi says: 'Fen means separated.' Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'Fen is like pervading throughout.' Gu Yewang says: 'To analyze and separate.' Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says: 'To discriminate and divide.' The Shuowen states: 'Takes "eight" (八) and "knife" (刀), meaning to partition things.' The scripture writes fen (份), pronounced bi plus pin fan, equivalent to bin (斌/彬), which is not the intended meaning in the scripture.
57.25
若干態 ('many postures/attitudes'; the last character is pronounced with the fanqie 胎 + 𧶘. Wang [Yi's] commentary on the Chuci says: "'Tai' (態) means demeanor (姿)." Gao You's commentary on the Lüshi chunqiu says: "'Taidu' (態度) means the appearance of feelings." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 心 ('mind') with 能 as the phonetic component).
57.26
受跓 ('to receive support'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 誅 + 縷. The Kaosheng states that the orthodox form is written with [the radical] 木 as 柱; the sūtra text writes it with [the radical] 足 as 跓, which is also permissible).
57.27
青𮌨 (朴 + 邦 + 友 [phonetic notes for characters]).
57.28
溝港 ('ditches and waterways'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 苟 + 侯. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Zhouli says: "Conveying water into a river is called a 'gou' (溝)." The Kaogongji says: "Four feet wide and four feet deep is called a 'gou'." The Kaosheng says: "It also refers to water pouring into a ravine." The Shuowen says: "A 'gou' is a ditch; it is formed from [the radical] 水 with 冓—pronounced 古 + 候—as the phonetic component." The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 江 + 項. The Wenzi jilüe says: "A tributary stream." The Kaosheng says: "A branch of water that flows without connecting through; it is formed from [the radical] 水 with 巷 as the phonetic component").
57.29
得猗 (the second character has the sound 依 [yī]).
57.30
摸賈 ('touching and transacting'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 母 + 蒲. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 莫 + 候. Gu Yewang says: "'Gu' (賈) is like 'jiao' (交, to trade)." Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "It is an expanded name for bartering." The Wenzi dianshuo says it is formed from [the radical] 貝 with 丣 as the phonetic component; 丣 is pronounced 酉 [yǒu]).
57.31
[高/肉]炷 ('tallow wick'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 果 + 敖. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says: "'Gao' (膏) is fragrant bovine tallow; another says it is rich fat." The Shuowen says it is formed from 高 and 肉. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 朱 + 戍. The Kaosheng says: "'Zhu' (炷) is the wick of a lamp; it is formed from [the radical] 火 with 主 as the phonetic component." The Jixun writes it as 主: 主 is cloth placed inside a lamp and lit; this is the usage of the present time).
57.32
睡眠 ('sleeping'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 垂 + 類. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 蔑 + 邊. The Cangjie pian says: "'Shuimian' (睡眠) means sound sleep." Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "'Mian' (眠) also means lying down." Gu Yewang says: "It means slumber (寐)." The Shuowen states that both are formed from [the radical] 目, with 垂 and 民 respectively as their phonetic components. The sūtra text writes 瞑, which is incorrect).
57.33
The Sūtra on Various Topics Spoken by the Buddha
57.34
Compiled by Huilin
57.35
撓撈 ('stirring and scooping up'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 好 + 高. The Guangya says: "'Nao' (撓) means to disrupt." The Shenglei says: "It means to stir." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 手 with 堯 as the phonetic component. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 老 + 刀. The Fangyan says: "'Lao' (撈) means to take." Guo Pu's commentary says: "'Lao' means to hook or haul." The Kaosheng says: "It means to strain and scoop up." The orthodox character past and present is formed from [the radical] 手 with 勞 as the phonetic component).
57.36
牛齝 ('a cow chewing cud'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 試 + 之. The Erya says: "'Chi' (齡/齝) is when a cow has eaten and then vomits it up to chew it." The Shuowen says: "To regurgitate and chew." 'Chew' (噍) is pronounced with the fanqie 撨 + 笑. It is formed from [the radical] 齒 with 台 as the phonetic component).
57.37
熛起 ('bursting into flames'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 匹 + 遙. The Lüshi chunqiu says: "'Biao' (熛) is burning down palaces and incinerating accumulated stores." The Shuowen says: "Flying fire; it is formed from [the radical] 火 with 票—pronounced 必 + 消—as the phonetic component"; this is the orthodox character past and present).
57.38
The Sūtra on the Intention of Cursing Spoken by the Buddha
57.39
Compiled by Huilin
57.40
瞳子 ('pupil of the eye'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 動 + 東. The Shangshu dazhuan says: "Shun's eyes had double pupils." The Picang says: "It is the eyeball." The Kaosheng says: "The pupil within the eye." The orthodox character past and present is formed from [the radical] 目 with 童 as the phonetic component).
57.41
蛇蚖 ('snakes and vipers'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 社 + 遮. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 五 + 官. The Baopuzi says: "There are very many kinds of snakes, but only the 'yuan' snake (蚖蛇) attacks humans with utmost ferocity. One can use a knife to cut away the flesh at the bitten spot and cast it on the ground; the flesh will boil of itself like roasted by fire, and in a short while scorch completely away, allowing the person to survive. If one does not cut it, one will surely die." The Xuanzhong ji says: "The 'yuan' snake is three to four feet long, has four legs, and is shaped like a gecko. Along its spine are needles sharp as knives, extremely poisonous and vicious; when it strikes a person, they die in no more than half a day." The Shanhaijing says: "Its skin can decorate knives and swords; it resembles sharkskin, differing only in coarse and fine texture").
57.42
犁槅 ('plow yoke'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 耕 + 核. The Shuowen says: "A 'ge' (槅) is a chariot yoke; it is formed from [the radical] 木 with 鬲 as the phonetic component." It is sometimes written as 扼, pronounced 嚶 + 革. The Shuowen explains 扼 as 'to grasp and pull', which is not the meaning in the sūtra. The sūtra text writes 枙 with [the radical] 木, which is a vulgar character).
57.43
几上 ('upon the stool/table'; pronounced with the fanqie 飢 + 履. The Kaosheng says: "It belongs to the category of small tables (几案). The Zhouli has five kinds of stools: jade, carved, vermilion, lacquered, and plain; the feudal lords all used them in audiences and sacrifices." The Shuowen says: "A 'ji' (几) is for leaning upon; it is a pictographic character." The sūtra text writes it with [the radical] 木 as 机, which is the name of a tree and not the intended meaning of the sūtra, but a phonetic borrowing).
57.44
鷄鶩 ('chickens and ducks'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 蒙 + 卜. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "'Mu' (鶩) is the duck." The Gujin zhengzi says: "'Wu' (騖) means a wild duck (舒𠒎); it is formed from [the radical] 鳥 with 敄—pronounced 務 [wù]—as the phonetic component").
57.45
燌燌 ('burning fiercely'; pronounced with the fanqie 忿 + 分. The Shuowen says: "'Fen' (燌) means to burn; today it is written as 焚." The Gujin zhengzi states it is formed from [the radical] 火 with 賁 as the phonetic component. The sūtra writes it with 貴 as 𤏳, which is a clerical error).
57.46
持㦿 ('holding the door'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 胡 + 古. The Shuowen says: "An ancient script form of the character 戶 ('door')." The Picang says: "A small door." The Shenglei says: "A chamber door." Character dictionaries say: "A window." The Gujin zhengzi states it is formed from [the radical] 戶 with 木 as the phonetic component. The sūtra text writes it as 㦿, which is incorrect).
57.47
師捲 ('army rolling forward'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 倦 + 員. The Guoyu says: "'Juan' (捲) means rolling and unfurling." The Guangya says: "'Juan' means love." The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "'Juan' means power." The Shuowen says: "Impetus; it is formed from [the radical] 手 with 卷 as the phonetic component").
57.48
澆灌 ('watering and pouring'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 官 + 換. Gu Yewang says: "'Guan' (灌) means to pour and sprinkle." The Kaosheng says: "'Guan' means to soak; to pour." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 水 with 雚 as the phonetic component. The sūtra writes [漠-旲+((囗@(人*人))/貝)], which is not this character).
57.49
脛脠 ('shins and calf/straight legs'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 形 + 定. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Analects says: "'Jing' (脛) is the leg." The Shuowen says: "The 'jing' is the leg/shank (胻); it is formed from [the radical] 肉 with 巠 as the phonetic component." 胻 is pronounced 衡 + 更; 巠 is pronounced 公 + 冷. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 地 + 頂. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says: "'Ting' (脠/誔) means straight." He [Xiu's] commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: "Extending the bent leg is called 'ting' (脡)." The Gujin zhengzi states it is formed from [the radical] 肉 with 廷 as the phonetic component. 'Bent leg' (胊) is pronounced 渠 + 俱).
57.50
確正 ('firmly correct'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 腔 + 角. The Zhouyi says: "'Que' (確) means solid." The Kaosheng says: "Firm and unyielding." It is the orthodox character past and present, formed from [the radical] 石 with 寉 as the phonetic component).
57.51
白髀 ('white thigh'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 鼙 + 米. The Kaosheng says: "The 'bi' (髀) is the thigh." The Gujin zhengzi also says: "The outer thigh." The Wenzi dianshuo says it is formed from [the radical] 骨 with 坒 as the phonetic component. Writing it as 髀 in the sūtra is also permissible. 坒 is pronounced 毘 + 利; this phonetic explanation reflects the standard usage of the time).
57.52
The Sūtra on the Distinctions of Good and Evil Arising Spoken by the Buddha
57.53
Compiled by Huilin
57.54
污之 ('defiling it'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 烏 + 故. Gu Yewang says: "To stain or soil." The Han text of the Shijing says: "Foul and filthy." Character dictionaries say: "To smear with mud." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 水 with 亐 as the phonetic component. The sūtra writes it with 夸 as 洿, pronounced 於 + 徒, which contradicts the meaning in the sūtra).
57.55
鼽鼻 ('stuffy nose'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 渠 + 牛. The Liji says: "'Qiu' (鼽) means the nose is not clear." The Gujin zhengzi says: "The disease of nasal obstruction and blockage; it is formed from [the radical] 鼻 with 九 as the phonetic component." The sūtra writes it with 几 as 鼽 [with phonetic 几], which is not this character).
57.56
塞壅 ('blocked and dammed'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 邕 + 拱. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Zhouli says: "'Yong' (壅) means to dam and block water." Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says: "'Yong' is like obstructed." Gu Yewang says: "It means blocked." The Gongyang zhuan says: "'Yong' means not flowing." The Guangya says: "To separate." It is also written as 𡓱. The Gujin zhengzi says it is formed from [the radical] 土 with 雝 as the phonetic component. The sūtra writes 塵, which is a clerical error).
57.57
鷄𠒎 ('chickens and wild ducks'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 輔 + 無. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "The 'fu' (𠒎) resembles a duck but is smaller, with a long tail and markings on its back. Today the people of Jiangdong also call it 'yi' (鸍), pronounced 詩." The Kaosheng says: "It is also a smaller kind of wild duck; it is formed from [the radical] 鳥 with 几 as the phonetic component." 几 is pronounced 殊. The sūtra writes it with [the radical] 力 as 𭄩, which is not this bird).
57.58
啤呲 (the first character has the sound 卑 [bēi]; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 子 + 思).
57.59
桹檔 (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 朗 + 當; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 黨 + 郎).
57.60
彌觔 (it is suspected that the characters are erroneous; their meaning has not been clarified, so no pronunciations are given for them).
57.61
謇吃 ('stammering and stuttering'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 建 + 偃. The Zhouyi says: "'Jian' (謇) means difficulty." The Fangyan says: "'Jianchi' (謇吃) means halting speech." Guo [Pu's] commentary says: "This is also common speech in the north." It is also written as 謇. The Gujin zhengzi states it is formed from [the radical] 言 with 𡨄 as the phonetic component. The sūtra writes 蹇 ('lame'), which is not the intended meaning. 𡨄 is pronounced 僧 + 則. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 斤 + 仡. The Shenglei says: "'Chi' (吃) means repeated speech." The Shuowen says: "Difficulty in speaking; it is formed from [the radical] 口 with 乞 as the phonetic component").
57.62
嚾罵 ('clamoring and reviling'; the first character has the sound 喧 [xuān]. The Kaosheng says: "'Huanhuan' (嚾嚾) means shouting." The Shenglei writes it as 囂. The Gujin zhengzi says it is formed from [the radical] 口 with 雚 as the phonetic component. It is also written with [the radical] 言 as 讙. 雚 has the sound 桓, representing the phonetic reading).
57.63
蟲豸 ('insects and creeping things'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 持 + 里. The Erya says: "Those with feet are called 'chong' (蟲); those without feet are called 'zhi' (豸)").
57.64
蹲踞 ('squatting and crouching'; the first character has the sound 存 [cún]. The Kaosheng says: "'Dunjù' (蹲踞) means sitting with the knees drawn up." Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "'Dun' means sitting with feet drawn together." The Shuowen says: "It also means crouching; it is formed from [the radical] 足 with 尊 as the phonetic component." The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 居 + 御).
57.65
鞭榜 ('whipping and beating'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 伯 + 孟. The Kaosheng says: "To row a boat." Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "'Bang' (榜) is the oar of a boat." Another commentary says: "'Zhuo' (擢) is also an oar." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 木 with 旁 as the phonetic component).
57.66
萎黑 ('withered and blackened'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 委 + 為. The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 草 with 委 as the phonetic component).
57.67
憋性 ('impatient disposition'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 片 + 蔑. The Fangyan says: "'Bie' (憋) means bad-tempered." Guo Pu's commentary says: "'Bie' (憋怤) means a hasty, irascible temperament." The Gujin zhengzi states it is formed from [the radical] 心 with 敝 as the phonetic component. 敝 is pronounced 毘 + 袂).
57.68
瘭疾 ('ulcerous illness'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 褾 + 遙. The Guangya says: "A swelling that has become suppurative." The Picang says: "'Biaoju' (瘭疽) is superficial heat." The Jixun says: "Blazing." The Gujin zhengzi says it is formed from [the radical] 疒 with 票 as the phonetic component. The sūtra writes it with [the radical] 火 as 𱬞, which is incorrect. 票 is pronounced 必 + 消).
57.69
鈔綴 ('taking excerpts and compiling'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 炒 + 稍; it is also written as 抄. The Kaosheng says: "'Chao' (鈔) means to take briefly." The Guangya says: "To plunder." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 金 with 少 as the phonetic component. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 追 + 銳. Jia [Kui's] commentary on the Guoyu says: "'Zhui' (綴) means to connect." The Shuowen says: "'Zhui' means to cause to adhere; it is formed from [the radical] 糸 with 叕 as the phonetic component." The sūtra text writes it with [the radical] 心 as 惙, which is incorrect. 叕 is pronounced 猪 + 劣).
57.70
牽將 ('leading along'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 企 + 堅. The Guangya says: "'Qian' (牽) means pulling").
57.71
輪轢 ('crushed under wheels'; the first character has the sound 倫 [lún]. Gu Yewang says: "'Lun' (輪) is the rim of a wheel." The Shuowen says: "That which has spokes is called a 'lun'; it is formed from [the radical] 車 with 侖 as the phonetic component." 侖 has the sound 淪. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 零 + 的. The Cangjie pian says: "'Li' (轢) means to run over." The Shuowen says: "'Li' is that which a cart treads upon; it is formed from [the radical] 車 with 樂 as the phonetic component").
57.72
啖圂蟲 ('worms feeding in the privy'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 談 + 濫. The Guangya says: "'Dan' (啖) means to eat." The Shuowen says: "'Dan' also means to chew; it is formed from [the radical] 口 with 炎 as the phonetic component." The middle character is pronounced with the fanqie 魂 + 困. The Cangjie pian says: "'Hun' (圂) is where pigs live." The Shuowen says: "'Hun' is a latrine; writing it with [the radical] 口 as 𰈔 is incorrect." 囗 has the sound 韋).
57.73
火燔 ('burning with fire'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 伐 + 袁. The Kaosheng says: "'Fan' (燔) means to burn." The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "Roasting by applying fire is called 'fan'." The Guangya says: "'Fan' means to dry." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 火 with 番 as the phonetic component, which is the orthodox character shape past and present).
57.74
夗轉 ('tossing and turning'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 冤 + 院. The Shuowen says: "'Yuan' (夗) means turning over while lying down; it is formed from 夕 and 卩." 卩 is pronounced 節. The sūtra writes it with [the radical] 宀 as 宛, which is incorrect).
57.75
躁擾 ('restless and disturbed'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 遭 + 譟. Gu Yewang says: "'Zao' (躁) is like agitated." Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Analects says: "'Zao' means uneasy and restless." Jia [Kui's] commentary on the Guoyu says: "'Zao' means turbulent." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 足 with 喿 as the phonetic component. The sūtra writes 𮜒, which is a vulgar character. 喿 is pronounced [耳*參] + 到).
57.76
蜚蛾 ('cockroaches and moths'; the first character has the sound 非 [fēi]. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "'Fei' (蜚) is the stinkbug called 'fupan' (負盤)." Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "'Fei' is also the 'fan' (蠜)." Gu Yewang says: "The 'fupan' is the 'fei'." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 虫 with 非 as the phonetic component).
57.77
畜牲 ('domestic animals'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 省 + 英. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Zhouli says: "Oxen, horses, sheep, pigs, chickens, and dogs are called the six domestic sacrificial animals (牲)." Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "Giving an ox a designation [for sacrifice] is called 'sheng' (牲)." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 牛 with 生 as the phonetic component).
57.78
調嬈 ('to tease or disturb'; pronounced with the fanqie 泥 + 鳥).
57.79
墟聚 ('hamlets and settlements'; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 去 + 魚. The Zhouyi says: "'Xu' (墟) means a settlement (邑)." The Guangya says: "'Xu' means dwelling." In the speech of southern Chu and the Ru and Ying river regions, it also has the pronunciation 'xu'. The sūtra writes it with [the radical] 阜 as 𨼋 or 𨽁, which are not orthodox, but are used in current times).
57.80
貧寠 ('impoverished and destitute'; pronounced with the fanqie 劬 + 乳. The Kaosheng says: "Living without wealth to prepare the ritual proprieties." The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "The 'ju' (寠) is one without resources (考𥝏)." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 宀 with 婁 as the phonetic component. 宀 is pronounced 綿. This is the orthodox character past and present).
57.81
迷惛 ('deluded and confused'; pronounced with the sound 昏 [hūn]. The Kaosheng says: "Being old and forgetful is called 'hun' (惛)." Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says: "'Hun' means disordered." The commentary on the Mao Shijing says: "'Hun' means having no understanding." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 心 with 昏 as the phonetic component).
57.82
中這 (the second character is pronounced with the sound 彥 [yàn]. The Cangjie pian says: "'Zhe' (這) means to welcome." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 辵 with 言 as the phonetic component).
57.83
世福 ('worldly blessings'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 風 + 伏. The Liji says: "'Fu' (福) means completeness." The Taixuanjing says: "What human nature delights in is called 'fu'." The commentary on the Mao Shijing says: "Ranks and mandates constitute 'fu'." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 示 with 畐—pronounced 逼—as the phonetic component. The sūtra writes it with 示 as [示*(二/口/子)]; searching through character dictionaries yields no phonetic or semantic explanation for it anywhere).
57.84
聾聵 ('deaf and hard of hearing'; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 頑 + 怪. Jia [Kui's] commentary on the Guoyu says: "Being born deaf is called 'kui' (聵)." The Shuowen says it is formed from [the radical] 耳 with 貴 as the phonetic component).
57.85
騬割 (Castration: The first [character] has the fanqie 阻蠅 [zhèng]. The Kaosheng says: '騬 refers to what are now called gelded horses or castrated oxen; it means removing their external testicles.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 馬 and the phonetic 乘.' It also has the fanqie pronunciation 囚陵 [chíng].)
57.86
曒若 (Bright: The first [character] has the fanqie 澆澆 [jiǎo]. The Picang says: '曒 means bright.' The Kaosheng says: 'The appearance of bright light.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Moonlight. It has the radical 日 and the phonetic 敫.' It is also written as 皎.)
57.87
泛愛 (Universal love: The fanqie is 芳劒 [fàn].)
57.88
豓天 (Beautiful heaven: The first [character] has the sound 焰 [yàn].)
57.89
Sūtra on the Causes and Conditions of Leaving the Household Life Preached by the Buddha
57.90
Compiled by Huilin
57.91
驚悸 (Fright and palpitation: The second [character] has the fanqie 葵季 [jì]. The Kaosheng says: 'Trembling of heart; also perturbation.' The Shuowen says: '悸 means the heart palpitating. It has the radical 心 and the phonetic 季.')
57.92
頑憒 (Stolid and confounded: The second [character] has the fanqie 壞內 [kuì]. The Cang Jie pian says: '憒 means confused and disordered.' Zhuangzi says: 'Confusedly engaging in worldly rituals.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 心 and the phonetic 貴.')
57.93
Sūtra on the Correct Practice of the Āgamas Preached by the Buddha
57.94
Compiled by Huilin
57.95
考治 (To interrogate and punish: The fanqie is 枯老 [kǎo]. The Kaosheng says: 'Suffering; also to strike.' The Mao Commentary on the Book of Odes says: 'You have bells and drums, but do not strike or beat [考] them.' The Fangyan says: '考 means to draw out.' In the sūtra text it is written with the hand radical as 拷, which is an incorrect popular character.)
57.96
呼吸 (Inhale and exhale: The fanqie is 噷急 [xī]. The Mao Commentary on the Book of Odes says: '吸 is like drawing in.' Gu Yewang says: '吸 is also breathing in.' The Guangya says: '吸 means to drink.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 口 and the phonetic 及.')
57.97
Sūtra on the Eighteen Hells, one fascicle
57.98
Compiled by Xuanying
57.99
倅略 (Brief summary: The fanqie is 倉對 [cuì]. According to the characters, 倅 means deputy or assistant. The Guangya says: '倅 means full.' It is also written as 體 with the pronunciation 蒲本 [běn] fanqie.)
57.100
焯熱 (Scorching hot: The fanqie is 之藥 [zhuó]. The Guangya says: '焯 means hot.' The Shuowen says: '焯 means bright.' The sūtra text writes it as 𥇍 with the fanqie 都角 [zhuó], but 𥇍 does not carry this meaning.)
57.101
𨻼牢 (Prison: The fanqie is 方奚 [pí]. The Shuowen says: '𨻼牢 is the name of a prison, that by which wrongdoers are detained.' The Kongzi jiayu says: 'The Son of Heaven arrested them across the prisons [周𨻼].' Wang Su said: '𨻼 means a prison.' The character has the radical 非 with an abbreviated 陛 as phonetic. The sūtra text writes it as 椑, which is not the correct form.)
57.102
Fashou chen jing (No characters needing phonetic glosses)
57.103
Sūtra on the Meditation Practice of Notions of Phenomena
57.104
Compiled by Huilin
57.105
䏺脹 (Abdominal swelling: The first [character] has the fanqie 璞尨 [páng]. The Picang says: '䏺 means distention of the anus and intestines.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It has the radical 月 and the phonetic 夆.' 尨 has the fanqie pronunciation 麥邦 [máng]; it is used here with that sound.)
57.106
費秏 (Expenditure and loss: The first [character] has the fanqie 妃未 [fèi]. The Guangya says: '費 is like diminished.' The Shuowen says: '費 means to disperse wealth and use. It has the radical 貝 and the phonetic 弗.' The second [character] has the fanqie 蒿告 [hào]. The Mao Commentary on the Book of Odes says: '秏 means harm.' The Cang Jie pian says: '秏 means to diminish or consume.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 禾 and the phonetic 毛.' In the sūtra text it is written with the radical 耒 as 耗, which is an error.)
57.107
Sūtra on the Elder's Son Distressed in Three Places Preached by the Buddha
57.108
Compiled by Huilin
57.109
摩挱 (To stroke or caress: The second [character] has the fanqie 索何 [suō]. The Shenglei says: '摩挱 is like caressing and touching.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It has the radical 手 and the phonetic 沙.' In the sūtra text it is written with 少 as 抄, which is an erroneous omission.)
57.110
Sūtra on the King of the Gandhāra Country
57.111
Compiled by Huilin
57.112
揵陀 (Gandhāra: The first [character] has the fanqie 件焉 [jiàn], the second 度何 [tuó]. It is a Sanskrit name of a country.)
57.113
擔樵 (Carrying firewood: The fanqie is 慈遙 [qiáo]. Han's Commentary on the Book of Odes says: '樵 means to gather.' Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '樵 means firewood.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 木 and the phonetic 焦.')
57.114
Sūtra on the Elder Sumati
57.115
Compiled by Huilin
57.116
相棖 (Striking against each other: The fanqie is 宅庚 [chéng]. This is a popular character. The standard form is 㲂, also written as [敲-高+(目/(冗-几+丁))], and also written as 楟. Former scholars wrote it arbitrarily, and it is scattered throughout the classics. The Jixun says: '楟 means to strike; to clash against.' This is explained as a mutually defining derivative [zhuānzhù] character.)
57.117
哽塞 (Choking and obstructed: The fanqie is 厄杏 [gěng]. The Yunquan says: 'Obstruction of breath due to extreme sorrow.')
57.118
標心 (To set one's mind: The fanqie is 必遙 [biāo]. The Mao Commentary on the Book of Odes says: '標 describes beating the breast.' Gu Yewang says: '標 means establishing a sign so as to mark it.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 手 and the phonetic 票.')
57.119
鷹逐鴿 (Hawk chasing a dove: The first [character] has the fanqie 憶矜 [yīng]. The Mao Commentary on the Book of Odes says: 'A bird of prey.' Gu Yewang says: 'It also refers to the sparrowhawk.' The last [character] has the fanqie 甘合 [gē]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: 'A dove is of the pigeon kind.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 鳥 and the phonetic 合.')
57.120
贖之 (To redeem it: The fanqie is 常欲 [shú]. This is a popular character. Wang Su's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Paying gold to redeem oneself from punishment.' The Kaosheng says: 'Providing goods to be exempt from guilt; to pay value with wealth.' The Shuowen says: '[贖-士+出] means to buy. It has the radical 𧷓, which has the pronunciation 育 [yù].')
57.121
Sūtra on the Four Matters for Ānanda Preached by the Buddha
57.122
Compiled by Huilin
57.123
𧶝賣 (To sell: The first [character] has the fanqie 矛候 [mào]. Gu Yewang says: '賈 is like commerce.' The Erya says: '賈 means marketplace selling.' The Wenzidian says: 'The Shuowen gives it the radical 貝 and the phonetic 丣.' In the sūtra text it is written as 𧴵, which is incorrect.)
57.124
Sūtra on King Ajātaśatru
57.125
Compiled by Xuanying
57.126
涕泗 (Tears and mucus: The fanqie is 息利 [sì]. The Book of Odes says: 'Tears and nasal mucus stream down.' The commentary states: 'What comes from the nose is called 泗; what comes from the eyes is called 涕.')
57.127
瘦眚 (Emaciated and blemished: In the Ziyuan it is written as 㾪, with the same fanqie 所景 [shěng]. The Shiming says: '眚 means emaciated [㾪], like an illness of wasting and thinness.' Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: '眚 is like a person being gaunt and emaciated.' In the sūtra text it is written as 省, which is not the standard character form, but is currently in use.)
57.128
桀逆 (Cruel and rebellious: The fanqie is 奇列 [jié]. Regarding 桀, the Rules for Posthumous Names state: 'One who harms people and accumulates many offenses is called Jie.' Liu Xi says: 'Constantly encumbering worthy people with wicked rebelliousness.')
57.129
Sūtra on the Rabid Dog Preached by the Buddha
57.130
Compiled by Huilin
57.131
狾狗 (Rabid dog: The first [character] has the fanqie 折例 [zhì]. The Guangya says: '狾 means mad.' The Shuowen says: 'Also a mad dog. It has the radical 犬 and the phonetic 折.')
57.132
湔洗 (To wash: The first [character] has the fanqie 節前 [jiān]. The Guangya says: '湔 also means to wash.' The Shuowen says: '湔 means to cleanse. It has the radical 水 and the phonetic 前.')
57.133
Sūtra on the Four Vows (No characters needing phonetic glosses)
57.134
Sūtra on the Brāhmaṇa Black One
57.135
Huilin
57.136
栲掠 (To torture and interrogate: The second [character] has the fanqie 力酌 [lüè]. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '掠 means plundering wealth and goods.' Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Rites says: '掠 means to search and extort.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It has the radical 手 and an abbreviated 諒 as phonetic.')
57.137
㦍然 (Startled or awe-struck: The first [character] has the fanqie 五各 [è]. In dictionaries it is written as the character 㖾; 㖾 means alarmed, and also clamorous dispute. The Shenglei says: 'The appearance of solemn reverence.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It has the radical 心 and the phonetic 㖾.')
57.138
悒遽 (Distressed and flurried: The first [character] has the sound 邑 [yì]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: '悒 means [grief].' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'With the radical 心 it means sorrow; sighing.' The Cang Jie pian says: 'The appearance of not being at ease.' The Shuowen says: 'Uneasy; it has the radical 心 and the phonetic 邑.' The second [character] has the sound 渠 [qú]. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '遽 means dread and fear.' Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: '遽 means swift.' Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Analects says: '遽 means sudden.' The Shuowen says: 'Hard-pressed. It has the radical 辵 and the phonetic 豦.' In the sūtra text it is written with the heart radical as 懅, which is an error.)
57.139
徑順 (Directly following: The first [character] has the sound 經 [jìng]. The Cang Jie pian says: '徑 means to pass through.' The Guangya says: '徑 means to traverse.' The Wenzidian says: 'It has the radical 彳 and the phonetic 巠, meaning to be able to proceed.')
57.140
鈎銸 (Hook and tweezers: The second [character] has the fanqie 尼輒 [niè]. The Shiming says: '銸 means to grip; to pull out.' The Shuowen says: '銸 means tweezers. It has the radical 金 and the phonetic 耴.' 耴 has the fanqie pronunciation 尼輒 [niè].)
57.141
Sūtra on Distinction Preached by the Buddha
57.142
Compiled by Huilin
57.143
是祟 (This calamity / evil spirit: The second [character] has the fanqie 雖醉 [suì]. The Kaosheng says: 'Deities and ghosts causing harm; also illness.' The Shuowen says: 'Misfortune caused by spirits. It has the radical 示 and 出 as phonetic.' In the sūtra text it is written with 宗 as 祟, which is incorrect.)
57.144
禱祀 (Prayers and sacrifices: The first [character] has the fanqie 刀老 [dǎo]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: 'Seeking blessings is called 禱.' Bao Xian's commentary on the Analects says: 'To entreat ghosts and spirits.' The Guangya says: '謝 [to thank or propitiate].' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 示 and the phonetic 壽.' The second [character] has the fanqie 詞枲 [sì]; 祀 means to sacrifice with purity and reverence. Gu Yewang says: 'The shrines of the hundred deities that may be sacrificed to are called 祀.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 示 and the phonetic 已.')
57.145
𡝩嬳 (The first character has the fanqie 夭 + 嬌. The commentary on the Classic of Poetry states that 𡝩 means young. Ma's commentary on the Analects states that it is the appearance of harmonious ease. Gu Yewang states that it refers to a woman being charming and virtuous. The Shuowen says it means clever; it is formed from 女 [woman] and 芺 phonetic. The second character has the fanqie 枉 + 籰. The Wenzidian shuo states that 嬳 describes the appearance of posturing; it is formed from 女 [woman] and 蒦 phonetic. In the sūtra it is written with 矍 as 𡤬, which is an error).
57.146
不憚 (The second character has the fanqie 壇 + 嬾. The gloss on the Classic of Poetry states that 憚 means to dread or fear; it also means difficult. The Han poetry commentary states that 憚 means to despise. The Kaosheng states that it means labor. The Shuowen says it is formed from 心 [heart] with 單 phonetic. It is standard in ancient and modern orthography).
57.147
Eight Upavasatha Precepts Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha
57.148
Compiled by Huilin
57.149
族姓 (The first character has the fanqie 叢 + 鹿. Kong's commentary on the Classic of Documents states that 族 means clansmen or members of the same surname; when a hundred families form a clan, they ensure mutual burial. The Shuowen says it is formed from 㫃 with 矢 phonetic. In the sūtra it is written with the hand radical as 挨, which is incorrect).
57.150
Ajātaśatru Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha
57.151
Compiled by Huilin
57.152
曰㜗 (The second character has the fanqie 倉 + 含. The Jixun states that 㜗 means greedy, referring to being covetous of food and clothing. The Shuowen says it is formed from 女 [woman] with 參 phonetic).
57.153
一𥁄 (The fanqie is 榮 + 俱. He's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan states that 𥁄 is a drinking vessel. The Kaosheng states that it is a large bowl. The Shuowen says it is a vessel for rice; it is formed from 皿 [vessel] with 亐 phonetic. In the sūtra it is written with the wood radical as 杇, which is incorrect).
57.154
Filial Son Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha
57.155
Compiled by Huilin
57.156
推燥 (The second character has the fanqie 騷 + 早. The Book of Changes states: "Fire tends toward what is dry." The Shuowen states that 燥 means dry; it is formed from 火 [fire] with 喿 phonetic. In the sūtra it is written as 㜗, which is incorrect; 喿 is pronounced 噪).
57.157
禮賂 (The second character has the fanqie 盧 + 妬. The commentary on the Classic of Poetry states that 賂 means a gift. Gu Yewang states that it means using wealth to pay court or request an audience. The Shuowen says it is formed from 貝 [cowry] with the abbreviated 路 phonetic).
57.158
惕惕 (The fanqie is 汀 + 的. Kong's commentary on the Classic of Documents states that 惕 means fear. The commentary on the Classic of Poetry states that 惕惕 is like 切切 [anxious]. Jia's commentary on the Guoyu states that 惕 means swift. The Kaosheng states that it means uneasy or worried. The Shuowen says it is formed from 心 [heart] with 易 phonetic).
57.159
以賽 (The second character has the fanqie 桑 + 代. The Tale of King Mu says it means to give thanks for blessings received. The Kaosheng states that it means to recompense. The Shuowen says it is formed from 宀 with 寒 abbreviated and 𡨄 phonetic; 𡨄 has the fanqie 僧 + 則).
57.160
沈沔 (The first character has the fanqie 除 + 林. Kong's commentary on the Classic of Documents states that 沈 refers to being dead drunk. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan states that 沈 means soaked and wet. Gu Yewang states it means submerged. The Shuowen says it is formed from 水 [water] with 冘 phonetic; 冘 is pronounced 淫. The second character has the fanqie 綿 + 褊. The Kaosheng states that it means indulging excessively in liquor. Kong's commentary on the Classic of Documents states that 沔 means drinking alcohol beyond measure and losing restraint. The Shuowen says it is formed from 水 [water] with 丏 phonetic. In the sūtra it is written with the heart radical as 忱愐, which is incorrect).
57.161
兇櫱 (The first character, 兇, is written with 人 below. The second character has the fanqie 言 + 羯. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan states that 櫱 means calamity; when insects and beasts cause anomalies it is called 櫱, and when clothing, herbs, and trees cause anomalies it is called 𰴁. Nowadays it is universally written as 𭒯, which is a vulgar character; the standard form is written with 示 and 辥 phonetic).
57.162
蠆毒 (The first character has the fanqie 丑 + 芥; it is a pictographic character. Zheng's gloss on the Classic of Poetry states that 蠆 is a venomous insect. Between Qin and Jin it is called [虫*束*頁]𱿴; generally it is called a scorpion. Zheng Xuan says: "The tail of the 蠆 curls up like a woman's hair bun; its tail ends with venom." The Shuowen says it is formed from 虫, depicting its shape like 萬).
57.163
號絕 (The first character has the fanqie 号 + 高. The Yunying states that it means wailing loudly. The Yunquan states that it is the sound of grieving and suffering. The Gujin zhengzi states it is formed from 虍 with 号 phonetic. In the sūtra it is written as 嗽, which is not this).
57.164
佞嬖 (The first character has the fanqie 寧 + 定. Jia's commentary on the Guoyu states that it means hypocritical goodness and pretended benevolence. Gu Yewang states that it means using flattery to comply with admonitions so as to please the ruler's mind. We note that a flatterer obsequiously fawns upon superiors and crookedly complies with human feelings, pretending to resemble benevolence; hence it is formed from 仁 and 女. The Shuowen says it means clever flattery. The second character is pronounced 閉. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan states that 嬖 means being a favored intimate. Wang's commentary on the Chuci states that 嬖 is like love. The Rules for Posthumous Names state: "A lowly person who attains love is called 嬖." Liu Xi states: "嬖 means low; through familiarity and low sycophancy one serves people with their looks." The Shuowen says it is formed from 女 with 辟 phonetic. 媟 is pronounced 屑).
57.165
𡝩冶 (The second character is pronounced 野. The Book of Changes states: "Seductive looks invite licentiousness." The Kaosheng states that it refers to a woman's seductive transformation. The Shuowen says 冶 also means to melt; it is formed from 冫 and 台 in both ancient and modern scripts. In the sūtra it is written with the insect radical as 蠱; though interchangeable, this is not the original meaning in the sūtra, nor is it the standard character at present).
57.166
Sūtra on the Five Hundred Disciples Themselves Preaching on Their Past Karmic Origins
57.167
Compiled by Xuanying
57.168
僥值 (The fanqie is 古 + 堯. The Hanshu sound and meaning gloss by Jin Zhuo states that 獥 means to encounter, referring to longing for and seeking personal favor).
57.169
𪈏麥 (Also written 燕, identical in sound with 煙 + 見. The Erya says 蘥 is sparrow oat; the commentary says it is wild oat. The text of the sūtra writes 鷖, with the fanqie 伊 + 奚; 鷖 is a waterfowl and is not used in this context).
57.170
傅飾 (The fanqie is 方 + 務. 傅 is like applying or adhering; applying medicine or applying powder are both this).
57.171
餼施 (The ancient character is identical to 槩, with the fanqie 虛 + 氣. The Yili states: "Give grain provisions to them according to ritual." Zheng Xuan says: "Presenting livestock is called 餼; 餼 is like provisions." The Picang states that 餼 means a gift of food. The Zishu states that 餼 means rations. The Fangyan says that 餼 means cooked food).
57.172
雜糅 (The ancient script writes 粗 and [飢-几+(刃/一)], both identical, with the fanqie 女 + 救. The Shuowen says it means mixed cooked grain. Now, mixing items of different colors together is called 糅; 糅 means mixed).
57.173
譚俱 (The fanqie is 徒 + 含. It is also written 具譚. In the sūtras it is often written Gautama; these are all light and heavy phonetic variants in Sanskrit).
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賣姓 (The fanqie is 埋 + 稗. In Sanskrit it is Saguru; one edition has Bogu. In the sūtra text it is written 賈, which is an error).
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訶䣯 (The fanqie is 側 + 於. In Sanskrit it is Mahāca; this is translated as "great elder").
57.176
殷皮 (The fanqie is 於 + 斤. The Classic of Poetry states: "殷其盈矣." The commentary states that 殷 means many; 殷 also means great. Also with the fanqie 於 + 艱; reddish-black is 殷. Here the sound is merely borrowed).
57.177
敷愉 (The fanqie is 翼 + 珠. The Zuanwen writes 孚瑜, which also means beautiful countenance. The Fangyan states that 怤愉 means joyful).
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繫𣚃 (The fanqie is 呼 + 結. The Picang states it means to bind around. The Tongsuwen states that binding and tying is called 𣚃; it is standard in ancient and modern orthography).
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莅吒 (The ancient script is written 䇐, of identical sound; the two fanqie readings are 力 + 四 and 力 + 季).
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堊飾 (The fanqie is 烏 + 各; it is white earth. The Erya says that whitewashing walls is called 堊. Guo Pu says: "Using white earth to decorate walls." The Guangya states that 堊 means to plaster; so says the ancient script).
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孚譴 (The character form is written 䞯, the same; the fanqie is 芳 + 務. The Liji states: "Do not go in a rush." Zheng Xuan says: "䞯 means fast." The Guangya states that 䞯 means to walk. The second character has the fanqie 去 + 戰; it means to blame or reprove).
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輕邈 (The fanqie is 亡 + 角. The Chuci says: "Galloping afar in the distance." Wang Yi says it means distant. The Fangyan states that 邈 means separated, gradual, broad, and also flourishing).
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Mahākāśyapa Origin Sūtra
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Compiled by Xuanying
57.185
開披 (The standard character is written 破, the same, with the fanqie 普 + 陂. The Zuanwen states that 破 means to break. 披 is like splitting apart, and also to break open. The sūtra text writes 擺, with the fanqie 捕 + 買, which means striking with the hand; 擺 is not this meaning).
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Sūtra on the Four Self-Transgressions
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Compiled by Xuanying
57.188
不肖 (The fanqie is 先 + 妙. The Liji says: "His son is degenerate." Zheng Xuan states that it means unlike; it means not resembling one's forebears, hence called 不肖, referring to cowardly and wicked types. The character is formed from 肉 [flesh] with 小 phonetic).
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佂忪 (The first character has the fanqie 之 + 盈. The ancient script writes 伀, identical, with the fanqie 之 + 容. The Fangyan states that 佂忪 means terrified and flurried. Between the rivers and lakes, whenever one is distressed, startled, terrified, or flurried, people call it 佂忪).
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Rāhula Forbearance Sūtra
57.191
Compiled by Huilin
57.192
無慍 (The fanqie is 於 + 運. The commentary on the Classic of Poetry states that 慍 means anger. The Cangjie pian states that 慍 means resentment. The Shuowen says it means rage; it is formed from 心 [heart] with 昷 phonetic. 昷 has the sound of warm and moist).
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Linked texts (1)
- 一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese