一切經音義 77

English (machine translation) 77

Language: English

77.1

Compiled by the Scripture-Translating Śramaṇa Huilin

Sounds for:
Shijia pu, 10 fascicles
Shijia lüepu, 2 fascicles (in the old catalogue, 1 fascicle)
Shijia fangzhi, 2 fascicles
Shishi xilu, 1 fascicle
Da Zhou jingmu, 15 fascicles
The sounds for the above five collections and catalogues, totalling 31 fascicles, are included in this fascicle.

77.3

Shijia pu, Preface and Fascicle 1

77.4

儲宮 [crown prince's palace] (The first character is pronounced 除 [chú]; it denotes the heir apparent, namely the residence of the crown prince today, also called the 'spring palace').

77.5

舛駁 [discrepant and variegated] (The first character has the fanqie 川耎 [chuǎn]. Gu Yewang says: 'Irregular and not uniform.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Lying opposite each other; derived from 夕 and [(巨-匚)*(十/十)], turning away from each other.' The second character has the fanqie 邦邈 [bó]. The Hanshu says: 'A mixture of white and black.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A colour that is not pure; derived from 馬 [horse] with 爻 as phonetic.' 夂 is pronounced with the fanqie 知几 [zhī]; [(巨-匚)*(十/十)] is pronounced 跨 [kuà]. In the text of the Pu, it is written as 駮, which is a popular form).

77.6

博訊 [broadly inquire] (The first character has the fanqie 補莫 [bó]; the character 博 is derived from 十, 甫, and 寸. The second character is pronounced 信 [xùn]. The commentary on the Mao Shi says: '訊 means to ask.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 言 with 卂 as phonetic.' In the text of the Pu, it is written as 誶, which is an error. 卂 has the same pronunciation as above).

77.7

摶食 [morsel food] (The first character has the fanqie 斷欒 [tuán]. When people first ate the savory crust of the earth, before there were spoons and chopsticks, they rolled it into balls and ate it, hence it was named 'morsel food' [kavaḍīkārāhāra]. Derived from 手 with 專 as phonetic. In the text, it is written as 揣, which is incorrect).

77.8

薄餅 [thin flatbread] (Has the fanqie 并郢 [bǐng]. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Pan-fried rice cakes; derived from 食 with 并 as phonetic.' The Pu writes it as 餅, which is a popular character. 餈 is pronounced 慈 [cí]).

77.9

刑笑 [mocking laughter] (Pronounced with the fanqie 霄曜 [xiào]. The commentary on the Mao Shi says: '[To laugh at someone] is to ridicule and humiliate them.' Gu Yewang says: 'To despise and demean someone and laugh at them.' The Gujin zhengzi says: '笑 means joy; derived from 竹 with 犬 as phonetic.' In the text of the Pu, it is written as 咲, which is a popular character).

77.10

穅𥢶 [chaff and coarse bran] (The first character is the standard form of 康; derived from 禾 with 康 as phonetic. For the character 康, the Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 米 with 康 as phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 公外 [guài]. The Cang Jie pian says: '𥢶 means coarse chaff.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 禾 with 會 as phonetic').

77.11

懿摩 [Yimo] (The first character has the fanqie 衣兾 [yì]. The Erya says: '懿 means fine.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Long-lasting and fine; derived from 壹 with 恣 as phonetic.' The Pu writes it as 懿, the popular character).

77.12

軒暭 [Xuanyuan and Shaohao] (The first character has the fanqie 憲言 [xiān]; the second character has the fanqie 豪老 [hào]. The Dixi pu says: '軒 is the Yellow Emperor, Xuanyuan; 暭 is Shaohao.' Both are titles of ancient monarchs).

77.13

大椿 [great toon tree] (Pronounced with the fanqie 黜倫 [chūn]. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'In high antiquity, the great toon tree took eight thousand years as one spring and eight thousand years as one autumn.' The Jingdian shiwen says: 'This tree grows south of the Yangtze River; it takes thirty-two thousand years to make one year').

77.14

擯㡿 [expel and reject] (The first character has the fanqie 賓刃 [bìn]. The second character is pronounced 尺 [chì]. Already explained earlier under the Vinaya texts on miscellaneous matters).

77.15

擯黜 [expel and dismiss] (Pronounced with the fanqie 椿律 [chù]. Fan Ning's collected annotations on the Guliang zhuan say: '黜 means to demote.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 黑 with 出 as phonetic').

77.16

闚𨵦 [peep and peer] (The first character has the fanqie 苦規 [kuī]; the second character has the fanqie 庚朱 [yú]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '闚𨵦: derived from 門 with 規 as phonetic.' The Kaosheng says: '𨵦 also means to peep; derived from 門 with 俞 as phonetic').

77.17

瞬動 [blinking motion] (The first character has the fanqie 尸閏 [shùn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Frequent opening and closing of the eyes, moving about; derived from 目 and 舜.' The Shuowen jiezi gives the standard form as 瞚, and also as 眒).

77.18

夗轉 [toss and turn] (The first character has the fanqie 於遠 [yuǎn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Lying down and rolling about; derived from 夕, since lying down has measured stages, hence it is derived from 𠃜.' In the text of the Pu, it is written as 惋, which is the character for sighing and sorrow and is incorrect. 𠃜 is pronounced 節 [jié]).

77.19

膩吒 [Niṭa] (The first character has the fanqie 尼利 [nì]; the second character has the fanqie 乇加 [zhā]. 乇 is pronounced with the fanqie 知厄 [zhé]).

77.20

鏺樹國 [Boshuguo] (The first character has the fanqie 補未 [bèi]. The name of a country).

77.21

麁獷 [crude and fierce] (Pronounced with the fanqie 摑猛 [guǎng]. The Kaosheng says: 'A fierce and refractory dog that cannot be approached.' The Pu writes it with the radical 麥 as [麩-夫+黃], which means coarse wheat and is not the character for ferocious).

77.22

憒鬧 [disordered and clamorous] (The first character has the fanqie 𭹹外 [kuì]. The Cang Jie pian says: '憒 means chaotic.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 心 with 貴 as phonetic.' It also has the fanqie 迴外 [huì]. The second character is the standard form of 鬧, pronounced with the fanqie 鐃教 [nào], already explained. The Pu writes it as 闠, which is a popular character).

77.23

翡翠 [halcyon / kingfisher] (The first character has the fanqie 肥味 [fěi]; the second character has the fanqie 七醉 [cuì]. The Zitong says: 'The cuì is a bird with blue-green feathers; it comes from Yulin.' The Yiwu zhi says: 'The kingfisher builds its nest at the top of tall trees, seventy to eighty feet above the ground. The indigenous people gradually lower it to seven or eight feet above the ground, waiting until the fledglings are nearly grown before taking them.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The fěi is a bird with red feathers.' Both characters are derived from 羽, with 非 and 卒 as their respective phonetics).

77.24

鳧鷖 [wild ducks and gulls] (The first character has the fanqie 補無 [fú]. The commentary on the Mao Shi says: '鳧 is a water bird.' Gu Yewang says: 'Namely, the mallard duck.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '舒鳧 is the gull; its flight is serene; derived from 鳥 and 几, where 几 is also phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 益奚 [yī]. The commentary on the Mao Shi says: '鷖 belongs to the duck kind.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 鳥 with 殹 as phonetic.' 几 is pronounced 殊 [shū]; 殹 has the fanqie 烏計 [yì]).

77.25

髦鬣 [forelock and mane] (The first character is pronounced 毛 [máo]. The Guangya says: '髦 means large.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Hair; derived from 髟 with 毛 as phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 廉輒 [liè]. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '鬣 means whiskers.' Gu Yewang says: '鬣 is the long hair on top of a horse's head.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Long facial hair; derived from 髟 with 鼠 as phonetic.' 髟 is pronounced with the fanqie 必遙 [biāo]; 鼠 has the same pronunciation as above. In the text of the Pu, it is written as 𮤅, which is incorrect).

77.26

歔欣 [sigh and rejoice] (The first character has the fanqie 許於 [xū]. Gu Yewang says: '歔 means exhaling breath.' The second character has the fanqie 虛殷 [xīn]. The Guangya says: 'Joy.' The Shuowen jiezi says that both characters are derived from 欠, with 虛 and 斤 as their respective phonetics).

77.27

脚[月*(烏-(舄-臼)+而)] [legs and calves] (The first character is the standard form of 脚 [leg], derived from 月, 谷, and 卪. The second character has the fanqie 船耎 [chuán]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '[月*(烏-(舄-臼)+而)] is the calf muscle of the leg; derived from 月 with [月*(烏-(舄-臼)+而)] as phonetic.' 𱻱 is pronounced 端 [duān]).

77.28

眼睫 [eyelashes] (Pronounced with the fanqie 尖葉 [jié]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The hairs beside the eyes; derived from 目 with 疌 as phonetic.' In the text of the Pu, it is written as 𥇒 or as䀹, both of which are popular forms. 疌 is pronounced 捷 [jié]; the Shuowen jiezi writes it as 䀹).

77.29

Fascicle 2

77.30

澣濯 [wash and cleanse] (The first character has the fanqie 桓椀 [huàn]. Liu Zhao's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: 'To wash raw silk is called 涑; to remove old dirt is called 澣.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Derived from 水 with 幹 as phonetic; it is also written as 浣.' The Pu writes it as 浣, which is a popular character. The second character has the fanqie 憧角 [zhuó]. The commentary on the Mao Shi says: '濯 means to wash.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '澣 [to wash]; derived from 水 with 翟 as phonetic').

77.31

迭代 [alternation] (The first character has the fanqie 田結 [dié]. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '迭 means to alternate.' The Fangyan says: '迭 also means to substitute.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'One source says it means 达 [reach]; derived from 辵 with 失 as phonetic.' 达 has the fanqie 他計 [tì]).

77.32

蔚映 [densely shaded and reflected] (The first character is pronounced 尉 [wèi]. The Guangya says: '蔚 means shaded.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 廾 with 尉 as phonetic').

77.33

牀榻 [couch and bed] (The first character has the fanqie 狀莊 [chuáng], the orthodox form. The second character has the fanqie 貪臘 [tà]. The Shiming says: 'A bed that is narrow and long is called a couch [tà].' The Gujin zhengzi says: '榻 means level; derived from 木 and [日/羽].' [日/羽] has the same pronunciation as above).

77.34

挑象 [provoke an elephant] (The first character has the fanqie 眺聊 [tiǎo]. The Shenglei says: '挑 means to pluck or gouge out.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 手 with 兆 as phonetic.' 抉 has the fanqie 淵悅 [jué]).

77.35

昕赫 [bright dawn] (The first character has the fanqie 喜斤 [xīn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '昕 means early morning, when the sun is about to rise; derived from 日 with 斤 as phonetic').

77.36

婚娉 [betrothal] (Pronounced with the fanqie 匹併 [pìng]. Gu Yewang says: '娉 means to ask. To take a wife, or to show courteous inquiry to the worthy and eminent with bundles of silk, is called 娉.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 女 with 𦥚 as phonetic.' 𦥚 has the fanqie 匹丁 [pīng]).

77.37

曾眴 [ever blinking] (Pronounced with the fanqie 玄絹 [xuàn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '眴 means the moving of the eyes; derived from 目 with 旬 as phonetic.' 旬 has the same pronunciation as above).

77.38

㯉[泳-永+((並-(前-刖))/〡/用)] [gambling game / dice] (The first character has the fanqie 褚豬 [zhū]; a gambling game).

77.39

手捺 [press down with the hand] (Pronounced with the fanqie 難怛 [nà]. The Zilin says: '捺 means to press down.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'To pinch; derived from 手 with 奈 as phonetic.' 揑 has the fanqie 年結 [niē]).

77.40

拼弓 [twang a bow] (The first character has the fanqie 普耕 [pēng]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '拼 means to snap or twang; derived from 手 with 并 as phonetic.' It is also written as 抨).

77.41

煎憂 [tormenting grief] (The first character has the fanqie 節煙 [jiān]. The Pu writes it as 𤐄, which is a popular character).

77.42

痿黃 [withered and jaundiced] (The first character is pronounced 萎 [wěi]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji says: '痿 means disease.' The Cang Jie pian says: 'Inability to walk.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Paralysis; derived from 疒 with 委 as phonetic').

77.43

親戚 [relatives and kin] (Pronounced with the fanqie 清亦 [qī]. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Shangshu says: '戚 means close.' Gu Yewang says: 'Close, hence forming kinship.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 戊 with 尗 as phonetic.' The Pu writes it as 𭀁, which is incorrect. In the text below, the character in 慘慼 is the same).

77.44

顰蹙 [frown and knit brows] (The first character has the fanqie 苾賓 [pín]; the second character has the fanqie 酒育 [cù]. Gu Yewang says: '顰蹙 is the appearance of sorrow, grief, and displeasure.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Frowning when wading across water; derived from 頻 with 卑 as phonetic.' The Pu writes it as 嚬笑, which is a popular character).

77.45

流㳄 [dripping saliva] (The second character has the fanqie 羡延 [xián]. The Kaosheng says: 'Saliva in the mouth; derived from 欠 and 水.' It is also written as 涎 or as 湺. In the text of the Pu, it is written as 涎, which is a popular character).

77.46

心胏 [heart and lungs] (Pronounced with the fanqie 孚廢 [fèi]. The Bohu tong says: '胏 implies費 [waste/expend]; it is the metal organ, white in colour.' Character books say it is the fire organ, but nowadays it is taken as the metal organ. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 月 with 𪩲 as phonetic.' 𪩲 is pronounced 貝 [bèi]).

77.47

脾腎 [spleen and kidneys] (The first character has the fanqie 婢彌 [pí]. The Bohu tong says: '脾 implies 辦 [manage]; that by which accumulated sustenance is distributed and bodily qi is received; it is the quintessence of earth, yellow in colour.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The earth organ; derived from 月 with 卑 as phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 神忍 [shèn]. The Bohu tong says: '腎 implies 賓 [guest].' The Guangya says: 'Firm; it is the quintessence of water, black, because it resides in the corner of yin.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The water organ; derived from 月 with 臤 as phonetic.' 臤 is pronounced 堅 [jiān]).

77.48

噴鳴 [snort and whinny] (The first character has the fanqie 普悶 [pèn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To scold or snort; another source says to puff the cheeks; derived from 口 with 賁 as phonetic.' 吒 has the fanqie 都嫁 [zhà]).

77.49

騷動 [disturbance and commotion] (The first character has the fanqie 掃𮞯 [sāo]. Gu Yewang says: '騷 is the appearance of stirring and shaking.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Disturbance; derived from 馬 with 蚤 as phonetic').

77.50

𧶻易 [trade and barter] (The first character has the fanqie 忙𠋫 [mào]. Gu Yewang says: '貿 is like 交易 [barter/exchange].' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To exchange goods; derived from 貝 with 卯 as phonetic.' 卯 is pronounced 夘 [mǎo]).

77.51

噓唏 [sigh and sob] (The first character has the fanqie 希居 [xū]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji says: '噓 is the sound of deep gasping.' [佫-口+思] is pronounced 敗 [bài]. Gu Yewang says: 'Exhaling from the mouth; the canonical texts say 噓.' The second character has the fanqie 許冀 [xī], meaning crying in pain. To mourn without shedding tears is called 唏. The Shuowen jiezi says that both characters are derived from 口, with 虛 and 希 as their respective phonetics).

77.52

Fascicle 3

77.53

仡然 [unyielding / haltingly] (The first character has the fanqie 銀訖 [yì]. The Kaosheng says: '侄仡 is the appearance of foolishness and hesitation to advance.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 人 with 乞 as phonetic.' 侄 has the fanqie 珍栗 [zhì]. The Pu writes it with the mountain radical as 屹, which is an error).

77.54

道徑 [path and shortcut] (Pronounced with the fanqie 經定 [jìng]. The Kaosheng says: 'A footway; a track.' Gu Yewang says: 'A small road; taking an indirect and winding route instead of the main road is also called a small path [小徑].' The Guangya says: 'A devious path.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 彳 with 巠 as phonetic.' 巠 is pronounced 經 [jīng]).

77.55

踠轉 [twist and turn] (The first character has the fanqie 冤遠 [yuǎn], already explained under Fascicle 1. The Pu writes it as 踠, which is not the character for 夗轉).

77.56

悲嘶 [mournful whinny / hoarse sobbing] (Pronounced with the fanqie 先奚 [sī]. The Fangyan says: '嘶 means choking.' Guo Pu's commentary says: 'Throat pain.' The Cang Jie pian says: 'Scattered.' The Shuowen jiezi gives the form under 言 as 𧬊, stating: 'A sorrowful sound; derived from 言 with 斯 as phonetic').

77.57

勸㢡 [encourage and exhort] (Pronounced with the fanqie 將兩 [jiǎng]. The Fangyan says: 'In the region between Qin and Jin, mutual exhortation is called 㢡.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'To encourage; derived from 廾 with 將 as phonetic.' 廾 has the fanqie 恭隴 [gǒng]).

77.58

喁喁 [breathing with open mouths / murmuring] (Pronounced with the fanqie 虞恭 [yóng]. The Huainanzi says: 'None among the multitude of living beings fails to look up to his virtue with mouths agape.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Multitudes of mouths showing above the water; derived from 口 with 禺 as phonetic').

77.59

罥索 [snare and noose] (The first character has the fanqie 涓兖 [juàn]. The Cang Jie pian says: '罥 is a net trap.' The Guangya says: '罥 and 罘 are snare-nets.' The Shenglei says: 'To bind and capture.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Derived from 𠕀 with 員 as phonetic.' 罿 has the fanqie 昌容 [chōng]; 罘 has the fanqie 扶流 [fú]. The Pu writes it as 鞙, which is incorrect).

77.60

嫈嫇 [young and frail woman / delicate] (The first character has the fanqie [尸@乙]莖 [yīng]; the second character has the fanqie 麥耕 [míng]. The Kaosheng says: '嫈嫇 is the appearance of a woman of humble rustic origin; 嫇嫇 also means the appearance of an insignificant person.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '嫈 means a prudent posture; derived from 女 with the abbreviated 榮 as phonetic. 嫇 is derived from 女 with 冥 as phonetic').

77.61

盼目 [glancing eyes] (The first character has the fanqie 攀慢 [pàn]. The Zishu says: '盼 is the appearance of beautiful eyes.' The commentary on the Mao Shi says: 'Clear distinction between the black and the white.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Derived from 目 with 分 as phonetic.' The Pu writes it as 盻, pronounced with the fanqie 許乙 [xì], which does not fit the canonical meaning).

77.62

Pupa-born (蛹生): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 餘腫. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A pupa (蛹) is an insect in a cocoon; it takes 虫 as radical and 甬 as phonetic.' 甬 is pronounced the same as above.

77.63

Thunderclap (霹靂): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 甹覔. The lower character is 零的. The Shiji states: 'Thunderbolts (霹靂) are the movement of yang qi.' The Shuowen jiezi states that both take 雨 as radical, with 辟 and 歷 as phonetics respectively. In the register it is written as 礔礰, which are vulgar characters.

77.64

Drawing a bow (挽弓): The upper character has the sound 挽. The Kaosheng says: 'It means to draw a bow.' The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 手 as radical and 免 as phonetic; standardly it is written as 輓. In the register it is written as 𢱍, which is erroneous.

77.65

Its arrowheads (其鏃): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 宗鹿. The Guangya says: '鏃 means 𨬙 [an arrowhead].' The Shuowen jiezi says: '鏃 means to pierce; it takes 金 as radical and 族 as phonetic.'

77.66

Elderly matron (老姆): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 矛候. Zheng's commentary on the Yili states: 'A woman who has reached the age of fifty without children, who has left her husband's home and does not remarry, and who is capable of teaching others the proper Way; it also refers to a female instructor.' The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 女 as radical and 母 as phonetic.

77.67

Tigers and rhinoceroses (虎兕): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 辭紫. The Shanhaijing states: 'The si rhinoceros lives south of the Xiang River; in shape it resembles an ox and is dark ash-black.' Guo Pu says: 'It has a single horn, is dark gray-green, and weighs a thousand catties.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is a pictograph. In the register it is written as 兕, a vulgar character.

77.68

Growling and roaring (吽嚇): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 呼口. Jia Kui says: '吽 means to cry out.' The Shenglei says it means to howl. The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 牛 as radical and 口 as phonetic; it is also written as 𤘽 or 呴. In the register it is written as 吼, a vulgar character. The lower character is [read with the fanqie] 赫亞. Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says: 'To criticize someone with vocal sounds is called 嚇.' The Picang says: '哮嚇 means great wrath.' The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 口 as radical and 赫 as phonetic.

77.69

Tranquil and calm (恬憺): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 牒嫌. The Fangyan says: '恬 means quiet.' The Shuowen jiezi states it takes 心 as radical and 甜 abbreviated as phonetic. The lower character is [read with the fanqie] 談敢; it is also pronounced 談. The Shuowen jiezi says: '憺 means peaceful; it takes 心 as radical and 詹 as phonetic.'

77.70

Howling and bellowing (哮呼): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 呼交. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It is the sound of swine scattering in fright; it takes 口 as radical and 孝 as phonetic.' It is also written as 虓. The lower character has the sound 虎孤.

77.71

Hundred millions and ten quadrillions (億姟): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 改哀. The Kaosheng says: '姟 means great; it is the name of a numerical figure; it takes 女 as radical and 亥 as phonetic.'

77.72

Timely repelling (時攘): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 壤章. The Kaosheng says: 'It means to ward off, to push away, or to stop and remove.' The Shuowen jiezi also says it means to push away; it takes 手 as radical and 襄 as phonetic.

77.73

Fascicle Four

77.74

Crawling along (蚑行): For the upper character 蚑, the Kaosheng notes its sound as 奇. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It is the crawling of insects.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 虫 as radical and 支 as phonetic.

77.75

Sprouts from fallen trunks (栽櫱): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 岸割. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: 'New growth sprouting from a fallen tree is called 櫱.' Guo's commentary on the Erya states: '櫱 is the remnant of a tree.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 木 as radical and 𦵮 as phonetic; it is also written as 枿. In the register it is written as 栽𦾨, which is incorrect.

77.76

Spade-broiled (鏟炙): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 初盞. The Guangya says: 'An earthen spade is called a 鏟.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It means an iron shovel; another source says it is flat iron; it takes 金 as radical and 產 as phonetic.' In the register it is written as 𥊓, which is erroneous. 鏶 is pronounced 集. 韱 is [read with the fanqie] 妾閻. The lower character is 征亦.

77.77

Charred embers (𤓪炭): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 井消. The Guangya says: '𤓪 means black.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It means that which has been burned; it takes 火 as radical and 雥 as phonetic.' It is also written as 𤊙. 雥 is pronounced 才甲.

77.78

Mount Ena (頞那山): [The first character is read with the fanqie] 安曷. The name of a mountain in the Western regions.

77.79

Gazing intently (瞻矚): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 之欲. The Yunlüe says: '矚 means to look.' The Kaosheng says: 'It means looking with great focus; that upon which all eyes converge. It takes 目 as radical and 屬 as phonetic.' The sound of 屬 is the same as above.

77.80

Possessing cunning (有黠): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 遐軋. The Fangyan says: 'East of the Pass, between the regions of Zhao and Wei, wisdom is called 黠.' Guo Pu says: 'It means clear-sighted and clever.' Gu Yewang says: 'It means craftily clever, or sharp.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 黑 as radical and 吉 as phonetic.

77.81

Washing and rinsing (盥漱): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 官椀. The lower character is 搜又. The Shuowen jiezi says: '盥 means washing the hands; it depicts hands over water positioned above a basin.' In the register it is written as 𣹉, which is incorrect. 臼 is pronounced 菊. 皿 is pronounced 明丙. 椀 is pronounced 烏管.

77.82

Precious clogs (寶屐): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 擎戟. Gu Yewang says: 'The Kongcongzi mentions wearing elevated square clogs to see Lord Pingyuan.' The Gujin zhengzi states: '屐 means wooden shoes (屩); it takes 履 abbreviated as radical and 支 as phonetic.' 屩 is pronounced 居略. In the register it is written as 履, an error introduced in copying.

77.83

Fascicle Five

77.84

Caps and head-turbans (冠幘): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 古歡. The Baihu tong states: 'A cap (冠) means to roll up (卷), by which one rolls up and holds the hair.' The Guangya lists eighteen kinds of caps: the so-called wuzhui, zhangfu, weimao, muyu, mian, tongtian, yuanyou, jinxian, gaoshan, fangshan, huiwen, tonghua, quefei, quedie, xiezhi, pibian, and mian—all of these are caps. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A cap means to roll up; it is the general term for rolling up the hair into caps and ceremonial crowns. It takes 冖, 元, and 寸 as radicals. Since caps conform to standardized measurements, it takes 寸.' The lower character is [read with the fanqie] 爭革. The Guangya says: '䌯, 㠼, and 幘 are turbans; 幘 means interlaced.' The Fangyan says: 'Covering the topknot is called a 幘 towel; it is also called a chenglu.' Cai Yong's Duduan states: 'The 幘 turban was worn by low-ranking servants who handled business beneath caps. There were fringed turbans and red turbans; whether noble or base, those handling business wore them. Civil officials had long side-flaps, and military officials had short side-flaps, matching their respective caps.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A cloth bound within the hair is called a 幘. It takes 巾 as radical and 責 as phonetic.' [曰/(口*干)] is pronounced 吁. 絻 is pronounced 問. 豸 is [read with the fanqie] 宅介. 冕 is pronounced 免. 卷 is [read with the fanqie] 厥阮. 䌯 is [read with the fanqie] 丘園. 蚚 is pronounced 欣. 靖 is [read with the fanqie] 七藥. 嫧 is pronounced 責. 髻 is pronounced 計. 冖 is pronounced 覓. In the text of the register, it is written with 竹 as 簀, which is incorrect.

77.85

Rotating the fire-drill (轉鐩): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 隨醉. It has already been fully explained in Fascicle Thirty of the Sounds and Meanings. In the register it is written as 燧, a vulgar character that has been used for a long time.

77.86

The king greets (王這): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 言件. The Cangjie pian says: '這 means to go out to meet.' The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 辵 as radical and 言 as phonetic.

77.87

Crippled and paralyzed (拘躄): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 矩愚. The lower character is 并亦. Gu Yewang says: '躄 refers to one whose legs are withered and cannot walk.' The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 足 as radical and 辟 as phonetic; it is also written as 𣦢. In the register it is written as 癖, which is incorrect.

77.88

Dried-up pond (涸池): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 何各. It has already been fully explained in Fascicle Forty-two of the Sounds and Meanings.

77.89

Crawling and flying creatures (蜎蜚): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 一緣. The lower character is 匪微. It has already been explained in the Hongming ji.

77.90

Cap ribbons and pendants (綩綖): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 冤阮. The lower character has the sound 延.

77.91

Banners and yak-tail streamers (幢旄): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 濁江. The lower character has the sound 毛. Gu Yewang says: 'All yak streamers (旄) are made from the tail of a yak. They are attached to the top of banners and flags. The back, knees, dewlap, and tail of the yak all bear long hair; their hair is sheared and put to use.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 㫃 as radical and 毛 as phonetic. In the register it is written with 巾 as 𫷀, which is incorrect.

77.92

Afflictions of old age (疴耆): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 惡何. The Wuxing zhuan states: 'At that time there were mouth afflictions.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It means illness; it takes 疒 as radical and 可 as phonetic.' The Shenglei writes it as 痾. In the register it is written as 痾, which is erroneous.

77.93

Precious and rare (珍奇): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 窒隣. The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 玉 as radical and 㐱 as phonetic. In the register it is written as 殄, which is incorrect. The lower character is [read with the fanqie] 妓冝. The Shuowen jiezi says: '奇 means extraordinary; it takes 大 and 可.' In the register it is written as 琦, the name of a jade; the meanings are closely related.

77.94

Hard to encounter (叵遇): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 普可. The Zishu says: '叵 means impossible.' The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 口 and 匚. 匚 has the sound 方.

77.95

Colleagues and subordinates (僚屬): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 了彫. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states that 僚 means officials. The Zuozhuan states: 'Those of the same office are called 僚.' It also states: 'Great officers have their retainers; gentlemen have their attendants; attendants have their menials; menials have their bondsmen; bondsmen have their subordinates.' Gu Yewang says they are people of the ninth rank. The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 人 as radical and 尞 as phonetic; it is also written as 寮. In the register it is written as 遼, which is erroneous. The lower character is [read with the fanqie] 殊欲.

77.96

Fascicle Six

77.97

Ochre face (赭容): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 遮野. Guo's commentary on the Shanhaijing states: '赭 is red earth.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 赤 as radical and 者 as phonetic.

77.98

Sound being indistinct (聲曖): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 烏載. Gu Yewang says: '曖然 describes a gentle and mild appearance.' The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 日 as radical and 愛 as phonetic. In the register it is mistakenly written as 怍曖.

77.99

Brilliant and shining (光鑠): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 商弱. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: '鑠 means fine.' Guo's commentary on the Fangyan says: 'It means bright.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 金 as radical and 樂 as phonetic.

77.100

Hujing (縠淨): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 紅屋. A name of a region in the Western lands.

77.101

Juchi (居泜): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 丁禮. The name of a bhikṣuṇī in the Western lands.

77.102

Yinyi (隱曀): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 伊計. The name of a bhikṣu.

77.103

Ruin and destruction (沮壞): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 才與. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: '沮 means ruined.' The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 水 as radical and 且 as phonetic. In the register it is written following 破 and made into 爼, which does not have this meaning; its pronunciation is 莊呂, which contradicts the sense of the text. The lower character is [read with the fanqie] 胡恠.

77.104

Lixuna (珕須那): [The first character is read with the fanqie] 力計. The name of a nun in the Western lands.

77.105

Run over by wheels (輪轢): The lower character is [read with the fanqie] 力的. The Cangjie pian says: '轢 means 𨋁 [to run over].' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It is that which a chariot rolls over; it takes 車 as radical and 樂 as phonetic.' 𨋁 is pronounced 女展.

77.106

Trampling upon (蹈蹋): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 徒号. The lower character is 談臘; it is also written as 踏. In the register it is written as 蹹, which is erroneous.

77.107

To come and quell (來鎮): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 窒隣.

77.108

Praying for the Way (祈道): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 巨依. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: '祈 means to seek.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 示 as radical and 斤 as phonetic. In the register it is written as 蘄, which has the same meaning.

77.109

Angered fists (怒拳): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 奴覩. The lower character has the sound 權. In the register it is written as 捲, a vulgar character in common use.

77.110

A dog biting (狗齧): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 研結.

77.111

Saliva and spittle (涎唾): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 羨延; standardly it is written as 㳄. The lower character is 吐臥.

77.112

Fascicle Seven

77.113

Deep and secluded (窈窈): [Read with the fanqie] 要皎. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It means deep and distant; it takes 穴 as radical and 幼 as phonetic.' It is also written as 窅.

77.114

Paddy plots (稻畦): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 惠圭. The Fengsu tong says: 'Duke Xiao of Qin took 240 paces as one mu, and fifty mu as one qi (畦).' Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: '畦 is like a partitioned plot.' The Shuowen jiezi gives the same meaning as above; it takes 田 as radical and 圭 as phonetic.

77.115

Embankments and dikes (隄䧜): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 弟奚. Wei Zhao says: '隄 means piled-up earth forming a boundary limit.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It means a dike (唐); it takes 阜 as radical and 是 as phonetic.' The lower character is [read with the fanqie] 蕩郎. The Gujin zhengzi states: 'The people of Changsha call an embankment a 䧜; it takes 阜 as radical and 唐 as phonetic.' It is also written as 塘.

77.116

More urgent than (亟於): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 兢力. Zheng's commentary on the Mao Shijing says: '亟 means urgent.' The Erya says it means rapid. The Shuowen jiezi gives the same meaning; it takes 人, 口, 又, and 二 as components. The character 二 denotes heaven and earth; it expresses that among humanity born between heaven and earth, the mouth and hands are the most urgent, being an ideographic compound character. It also has the sound 器, which is not adopted here.

77.117

A vermin to the Way (道蠧): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 都故. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: '蠹 is that which eats people's vessels and goods; the silverfish is one such insect.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It is a worm in wood; it takes 䖵 as radical and 橐 as phonetic.' In the register it is written as 蠹, which is erroneous.

77.118

To cut and polish (切磋): [The second character is read with the fanqie] 倉柯.

77.119

To split and strike (剖擊): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 普口. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: '剖 is like breaking open.' The Cangjie pian says it means to cleave. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It means to divide; it takes 刀 as radical and 咅 as phonetic.' In the register it is written as 掊, which is incorrect, being pronounced 𤼃講. In the summary register, 掊擊 carries the same meaning as this; having already been explained, it is not repeated here.

77.120

Swift currents (駛水): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 師利. The Cangjie pian says: '駃 means swift.' The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 馬 as radical and 史 as phonetic.

77.121

Dizzy and dazed (眩冐): The upper character is [read with the fanqie] 玄絹. The Cangjie pian says: '眩 means sight being unclear.' Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: '眩 means confused.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 目 as radical and 玄 as phonetic.

77.122

坌者 (The first character has the fanqie 盆 + 悶. The Zigu says: 'Earth soiling a basin.')

77.123

Fascicle Eight

77.124

㱇然 (The first character has the fanqie 所 + 力. The Picang says: 'Terrified.' The Gongyang zhuan says: '㱇然 [trembling] and alarmed.' The Shuowen says: 'A sense of sorrow; formed with "to yawn" [欠] as semantic and 嗇 as phonetic.')

77.125

求斠 (Fanqie 江 + 岳. The Guangya says: '斠 means to measure.' The explanation in the genealogy [Shijia pu] says: 'To determine victory and defeat.' The Shuowen says: 'To level a bushel or peck measure; formed with "dipper" [斗] as semantic and 冓 as phonetic.' It is also written as 角.)

77.126

擘裂 (The first character has the fanqie 拼 + 陌. In the genealogy it is written as 擗, which is incorrect; that has the fanqie 瓶 + 覓, which does not have this meaning.)

77.127

掊地 (The first character has the fanqie 蒲 + 侯. The Kaosheng says: '掊 means to strike with the hand.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Formed with "hand" [扌] as semantic and 咅 as phonetic.' In modern popular pronunciation it is called 庖 [páo]. In the genealogy it is written as 鉋, which is incorrect.)

77.128

癃殘 (The first character has the fanqie 力 + 弓. Xu Shuzhong's commentary to the Huainanzi says: '癃 means a severe ailment.' The Cangjie pian says: 'An incurable disease.' The Shuowen says: 'A debilitating illness; formed with "sickness" [疒] as semantic and 隆 as phonetic.' In the genealogy it is written as 𤸇, which is a popular variant.)

77.129

灰𠂤 (Fanqie 都 + 迴. A small mound. In the genealogy it is written as 塠, which is a popular variant. 𨸏 is pronounced like 負.)

77.130

髣髴 (The first character has the fanqie 芳 + 𠕀. The second has the two fanqie 芳 + 味 and 芳 + 勿. The Hanshu says: '髣髴 means resembling.' The Shenglei says: 'Seeing indistinctly.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Both are formed with "long hair" [髟] as semantic, with 方 and 弗 respectively as phonetics.' The Shuowen writes it as 仿佛, which is an ancient form not used in contemporary times.)

77.131

Fascicle Nine

77.132

𥉕𥉕 (Fanqie 木 + 蓬. The Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: '矇 refers to the pupil of the eye being veiled by a cataract so that one cannot see.' The Shuowen says: 'Unclear; formed with "eye" [目] as semantic and [冗-几+豕] as phonetic.' In the genealogy it is written with "sun" [日] as 曚, which is a scribal error.)

77.133

嘷咷 (The first character has the fanqie 号 + 牢. The second character has the fanqie 道 + 勞. In the genealogy it is written as 噑咷, which are popular variants.)

77.134

矛矟 (Fanqie 雙 + 捉.)

77.135

鍼鋒 (The first character has the fanqie 執 + 林. The second character has the fanqie 𢾭 + 容.)

77.136

蛣蜣 (The first character has the fanqie 輕 + 吉. The second character has the fanqie 却 + 香.)

77.137

蝮蠆 (The first character has the fanqie 蜂 + 目. The second character has the fanqie 丑 + 介.)

77.138

㿇㿇 (Fanqie 尋 + 立. When checking all the character dictionaries, none has this character. 㿇㿇 is a colloquial expression, probably meaning the sensation of the wind itching between the skin, 㿇㿇-like.)

77.139

噦噎 (The first character has the fanqie 宛 + 月. The Jixun says: '噦 means contrary qi.' The Shuowen says: 'Rebellious qi; formed with "mouth" [口] as semantic and 歲 as phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 煙 + 結. The Kaosheng says: '噎 means the qi in the throat is blocked and does not pass.' The Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: 'Grieved so that one cannot breathe.' The Shuowen says: 'Food blocked; formed with "mouth" [口] as semantic and 壹 as phonetic.')

77.140

屯蹷 (The second character has the fanqie 卷 + 月. It is a Sanskrit word.)

77.141

蛻化 (The first character has the fanqie 輸 + 芮. The Guangya says: 'The pupa shedding its skin is 蛻.' The Shuowen says: 'The skin cast off when a cicada molts; formed with "insect" [虫] as semantic and 兌 as phonetic.')

77.142

佛頿 (Fanqie 子 + 雌. The Shuowen says: '頿 is the beard above the mouth; formed with "beard" [須] as semantic and 此 as phonetic.' Now in the genealogy it is written with 洛 and 毛, which is incorrect. Originally the popular character was formed with 咨 and 毛 as 𣯃; the scribes, not understanding this, further altered it to follow 洛, which is an error upon an error and also wrong. The Shijia pu writes it with 髟 as 髭, which is also a popular character.)

77.143

Fascicle Ten

77.144

麁澀 (The first character has the fanqie 倉 + 烏. The second character has the fanqie 霜 + 立. These are the orthodox forms of the characters.)

77.145

慷慨 (The first character has the fanqie 康 + 朗. The second character has the fanqie 口 + 愛. The Shuowen says: 'A valiant man failing to achieve his ambition.' Both characters are formed with "heart" [心] as semantic, with 康 and 既 respectively as phonetics. The Shuowen orthographically writes it as 忼.)

77.146

舟航 (Fanqie 鶴 + 岡. The meaning has already been explained in full in the Biographies of Eminent Monks. In the genealogy it is now written as 桁, which is incorrect.)

77.147

溉灌 (The first character has the fanqie 飢 + 利. Gu Yewang says: '溉 is like 灌 [to irrigate]; 灌 also means to water.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Both are formed with "water" [水] as semantic, with 既 and 雚 respectively as phonetics.' 雚 has the fanqie 胡 + 官.)

77.148

緘之 (The first character has the fanqie 甲 + 咸. The Shuowen says: '緘 means to bind a bamboo box; formed with "silk" [糸] as semantic and 咸 as phonetic.')

77.149

事泄 (Fanqie 仙 + 列. Zheng's Commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: '泄 means to reveal.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with "water" [水] as semantic and 世 as phonetic.' It is also written as 洩 or 泄, which are both popular characters.)

77.150

以蠟 (Fanqie 藍 + 閤. The Picang says: '蠟 is honey dregs.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Formed with "insect" [虫] as semantic and 鼠 as phonetic.' In the genealogy it is written with "flesh" [月] as [膜-大+(句-口+匕)], which is incorrect.)

77.151

排㧤 (The first character has the fanqie 敗 + 埋. The Guangya says: '排 means to push.' Push [推] has the fanqie 他 + 雷. Gu Yewang says: '排 means to expel.' The Shuowen says: 'To push aside; formed with "hand" [手] as semantic and 非 as phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 康 + 浪. The Yunquan says: 'To ward off with the hand.' Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: '拀 means to resist.' Jia's commentary to the Guoyu says: '拀 means to rescue.' The Zigu says: 'To spread out.' The Guangya says: 'To block; strong; to discuss.' The Fangyan says: 'To hang.' The Book of Changes says: 'Knowing how to advance but not how to retreat.' The Shuowen says: 'To resist and ward off; formed with "hand" [手] as semantic and 亢 as phonetic.' In the genealogy it is written with 黨 as 攩, which is incorrect. 擠 [to push aside] has the fanqie 精 + 奚.)

77.152

之這 (Fanqie 言 + 建. Already explained in an earlier fascicle.)

77.153

拘睒彌 (The middle character has the fanqie 苫 + 𮉼. A Sanskrit country name [Kauśāmbī].)

77.154

Abbreviated Genealogy of the Śākyas, One Fascicle

77.155

釋迦譜 (Fanqie 晡 + 母. The Shiming says: '譜 means to spread out.' The Guangya says: '譜 means a register or genealogical table.' The Gujin zhengzi says: '譜 means to arrange and set forth to show the affairs; formed with "speech" [言] as semantic and 普 as phonetic.')

77.156

繁縟 (The first character is pronounced 煩. The Kaosheng says: 'Many; numerous.' The second character has the fanqie 儒 + 燭. The Shuowen says: '縟 means abundant; colorful ornamentation; formed with "silk" [糸] as semantic and 辱 as phonetic.')

77.157

斷鼇 (Fanqie 昂 + 高. Wang Yi's commentary to the Chuci says: '鼇 is a giant turtle.' The Liexian zhuan says: 'There is a turtle of immense spiritual power that carries the great mountain of Penglai on its back and claps and sports amid the azure sea.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with "toad/reptile" [黽] as semantic and 敖 as phonetic.')

77.158

紛糅 (Fanqie 女 + 救. Zheng's commentary to the Yili says: '糅 means mixed.' It is also written as 籾. The preface text writes it with "silk" [糸] as 糅, which is an error in copying and incorrect.)

77.159

較定 (The first character is pronounced 角. The Guangya says: '較 means clear.' The Kaosheng says: 'To compare superiority and inferiority; to summarise.' The Shangshu dachuan says: '較 means to compare their aims to see their deeds.' It is also written as 角, meaning to contend or to test. It is also written with 㕛 as 較. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Formed with "carriage" [車] as semantic and 交 as phonetic.')

77.160

錠光 (The first character has the fanqie 亭 + 甯. The name of a past Buddha [Dīpaṃkara].)

77.161

炤灼 (The first character is pronounced 照. The second character has the fanqie 章 + 若. The Guangya says: '炤灼 means bright.' The Shuowen says: 'Both are formed with "fire" [火] as semantic, with 召 and 勺 respectively as phonetics.')

77.162

姻媾 (The first character is pronounced 因. Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: '姻 is like relative.' The Erya says: 'The family of a son-in-law is 姻.' The Baihu tong says: 'A woman relies on [姻] her husband to be established, hence it is called 姻.' The second character has the fanqie 鈎 + 候. The Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: '媾 means deep affection.' Jia Kui's commentary to the Guoyu says: 'A second marriage is called 媾.' The Shuowen agrees. Both are formed with "woman" [女] as semantic, with 因 and 冓 respectively as phonetics.)

77.163

璣蚌 (The first character has the fanqie 居 + 冝. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says: '璣 is a kind of pearl.' The Zishu says: 'A small pearl.' The Shuowen says: 'A pearl that is not round; formed with "jade" [玉] as semantic and 幾 as phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 龐 + 講. It has already been explained in full in the earlier Suvarṇaprabhāsottama-sūtra.)

77.164

系嫡 (The first character has the fanqie 奚 + 計. The Erya says: '系 means to continue.' The Shiben has a "Chapter on Imperial Lineage" [帝系篇], meaning sons and grandsons succeeding one another. The Shuowen also says: 'To tie/continue; formed with "thread" [系] as semantic and 系 as phonetic.' The Great Seal script forms it with "claw" [爪] as [爪/((ㄠ/八)*(ㄠ/八))]. The second character has the fanqie 丁 + 歷. The Zishu says: '嫡 means eldest son.' The Shuowen says: '嫡 means legitimate son; formed with "woman" [女] as semantic and 啇 as phonetic.')

77.165

寰㝢 (The first character is pronounced 環. The second character has the fanqie 于 + 矩. It is the Great Seal script form of the character 㝢. The correct orthography now is 宇. Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: 'In a state, the four hanging eaves [borders] are 宇.' The Erya says: '宇 means vast.' Yinwenzi says: 'The four directions, above, and below are called 宇.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with "roof" [宀] as semantic and 于 as phonetic.')

77.166

淵微 (The first character has the fanqie 抉 + 玄. The Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: '淵 means deep.' The second is the orthodox character 微. It is now written with 彳 as [徹-育+(肆-聿)], with the fanqie 尾 + 非. The Guangya says: '微 means minute.' The Shuowen says: 'Subtle.' Zheng's commentary to the Liji says: 'Small.' This means that although the Duke of Zhou measured the sun with an earth gnomon, he still could not exhaust its profound subtleties. The genealogy now writes it as 漢滶, which completely loses the meaning and is not adopted.)

77.167

獫玁 (The first character has the fanqie 力 + 贍. The Erya says: 'A dog with a long snout is called 獫.' The Shuowen says: 'A black dog with yellow cheeks; the name for a black dog.' The second character has the fanqie 戲 + 撿. The Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: 'Northern Di barbarians; also called 獫狁 [Xianyun].' Zheng Xuan says: 'Namely the present-day Xiongnu.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Both characters are formed with "dog" [犬] as semantic, with 僉 and 嚴 respectively as phonetics.')

77.168

史籀 (Pronounced 宙. The name of the court historiographer of King Xuan of Zhou. He first modified the ancient script into the Great Seal script.)

77.169

昭晣 (Fanqie 之 + 例. The Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: '晣 means bright.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with "sun" [日] as semantic and 折 as phonetic.')

77.170

震駭 (Fanqie 諧 + 買.)

77.171

欄楯 (The first character is pronounced 蘭. The second character is pronounced 順.)

77.172

妖冶 (The first character has the fanqie 於 + 嬌. The Kaosheng says: 'A woman skillfully assuming coquettish postures.' The second character has the fanqie 餘 + 考. The Book of Changes says: 'Coquettish adornment incites lewdness.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with "ice" [冫] as semantic and 台 as phonetic.' 冫 is pronounced 冰.)

77.173

皆躓 (Fanqie 知 + 利. Gu Yewang says: '躓 is like stumbling.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with "foot" [足] as semantic and 質 as phonetic.')

77.174

澣之 (Fanqie 桓 + 椀. Zheng's Commentary to the Mao Poetry says: '澣 means to wash.' Liu Zhao's commentary to the Gongyang says: 'To remove old grime is called 澣.' The Shuowen says: 'To wash clothes of dirt; formed with "water" [水] as semantic and 幹 as phonetic.' It is also written as 浣. In the genealogy it is written as 浣, which is a popular variant.)

77.175

蓱沙 (The first character has the fanqie 並 + 冥. The name of a king in the Western Regions [Bimbisāra]. In the genealogy it is written as 洴, which is an error.)

77.176

騷擾 (The first character has the fanqie 桑 + 勞. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: '騷 means agitating.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Formed with "horse" [馬] as semantic and 蚤 as phonetic.' In the genealogy it is written as 搔, which means scratching and conflicts with the meaning of agitating. The second character has the fanqie 而 + 沼, which is the orthodox form.)

77.177

殯斂 (The first character has the fanqie 賓 + 牝. The second character has the fanqie 廉 + 艷. He Xiu's commentary to the Gongyang zhuan says: 'The major encoffining and placing into the coffin is called 殯.' The Shuowen says: 'The dead in the coffin about to be moved for burial, treated as a guest; formed with "remains" [歺] as semantic, and 賓 is also the phonetic.' In the genealogy it is written as 儐, which is an error.)

77.178

羝羊 (The first character has the fanqie 底 + 黎. A castrated ram. In the genealogy it is written as 𦍞, which is a popular variant.)

77.179

下躡 (Fanqie 女 + 涉.)

77.180

懲誡 (The first character has the fanqie 直 + 陵.)

77.181

摹影 (The first character has the fanqie 慕 + 胡. The Picang says: '摹 means to trace an image.' The Shuowen says: 'To regulate/trace; formed with "hand" [手] as semantic and 莫 as phonetic.')

77.182

Fog and haze (曖: *'ai-gai* fanqie; already explained in fascicle six of the previous *Genealogy*).

77.183

Patrolling and inspecting (循: pronounced *xún*; the *Guangya* says: "*Xun* means to follow"; the *Shuowen* says: "To walk; [derived] with *chì* as radical and *dùn* phonetic").

77.184

Sand flour-cake ([麩-夫+少]: *chāng-rào* fanqie; a popular character; the standard form is written with 酉).

77.185

Wild vines (藟: *lù-guǐ* fanqie; Guo [Pu]'s commentary on the *Erya* says: "*Lěi* means vine"; the *Wenzi dian* says: "A plant; also creeping wild vines; [derived] with 艹 as radical and 畾 phonetic; 畾 is pronounced *léi*").

77.186

*A Record of the Country of Śākyamuni* (*Shijia fangzhi*), Fascicle One

77.187

Presenting tribute (賝: *chǐ-lín* fanqie; character dictionaries say: "*Chēn* means precious jade"; the *Gujin zhengzi* [says]: "[Derived] with 貝 as radical and 罙 phonetic").

77.188

Offering gifts of introduction (贄: *zhī-èr* fanqie; the *Gujin zhengzi* says: "*Zhì* means ceremonial gifts; [derived] with 貝 as radical and 執 phonetic").

77.189

Extending in length (袤: *mò-hòu* fanqie; the *Shenglei* says: "*Mào* means length"; the *Shuowen* says: "North to south is called *mào*; [derived] with 衣 as radical and 矛 phonetic").

77.190

Lintao (洮: *tǎo-láo* fanqie; the name of a commandery in Longyou, situated near the Tao River).

77.191

Kongtong (the first is pronounced *kōng*, the second is pronounced *tóng*; the name of a mountain).

77.192

Ridi (磾: *dīng-xī* fanqie; a black stone which can be used to dye silk fabrics; the *Hanshu* contains the personal name Jin Midi).

77.193

Light-yellow bamboo slips (緗: *xiǎng-yáng* fanqie; already fully explained in fascicle eighteen of *Sounds and Meanings*).

77.194

Light carriage (輶: pronounced *yóu*; 軒: *xiē-yán* fanqie; the commentary on the *Mao Shi* says: "A *yóu* is a light carriage, ridden in antiquity by envoys collecting folk songs"; the preface to the *Fangyan* says: "Envoys in light carriages were used to patrol and tour the ten thousand states to collect and inspect regional dialects; towards the end of the Zhou and Qin dynasties, this practice fell into disuse"; they were equivalent to the present-day surveillance commissioners).

77.195

Reaching Zhenguan (臮: *qí-yì* fanqie; Du Yu's commentary on the *Zuo zhuan* says: "*Jì* means to reach"; the *Shuowen* says: "Derived from 𦤌 with 自 phonetic"; nowadays it is also frequently written as 暨 with 旦; 𠂢 is pronounced *yín*, derived from three 人).

77.196

Xunyu (獯: *xùn-yún* fanqie; 狁: pronounced *yǔn*; the *Kaosheng* says: "Another name for the Xiongnu; during the time of Tang [Yao] and Yu [Shun] they were called the Xunyu; during the Zhou they were called the Xianyun; during the Han they were called the Xiongnu; nowadays they are called the Tujue (Turks); all are northern barbarians").

77.197

Leaning to the west (敧: *qǐ-yí* fanqie; Gu Yewang says: "*Jī* means not upright"; it is also written as 𢼨; the *Shuowen* says: "[Derived] with 支 as radical and 奇 phonetic").

77.198

Overgrown with weeds (蕪: pronounced *wú*; 薉: *yū-wèi* fanqie; Gu Yewang says: "*Huì* means unclean"; the *Gujin zhengzi* has both with 艹 as radical, and 無 and 歲 as their respective phonetics).

First 198 of 381 passages. Read on

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese