A Cluster of Nyāya Flowers 2.8: dvādaśamāhnikam—jāti-nigrahasthānaparīkṣā · jātisāmānyalakṣaṇam

Nyāyamañjarī 2.8

Language: Sanskrit

dvādaśamāhnikam—jāti-nigrahasthānaparīkṣā · jātisāmānyalakṣaṇam

2.8.1

chalānantaraṃ jāteruddeśāt tasyāssāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ tāvadāha—

2.8.2

sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānaṃ jātiḥ .. 1-2-18 ..

2.8.3

atra traikālyasamādisakalaviśeṣasaṃgrahāya sādharmyavaidharmyādipadanirapekṣameva pratyavasthānapadaṃ jātisāmānyalakṣaṇapratipādakamāhu; ..

pratīpaṃ avasthānaṃ pratyavasthānam . tāvanmātrameva ca yatkiṃciduttaraṃ paraprayukte hetau jāyamānatvājjātirityabhidhīyate—tadanupapannam—pratyavava sthānamātrasya sādharmyādinirapekṣasya jātitve hetvābhāsodbhāvanamapi jātitāmaśnuvīt ..

2.8.5

atha tasya samyaguttaratvāt iha ca nirviśeṣaṇapratyavasthānamātropapādanāt phalguprāyamasaduttaraṃ jātitvena vivakṣitamityucyate—tathāpi chalasya jātitvaprasaktiraparihāryaiva . tadvyudāsāya tu tadanyatve sati ityādika yadi kiṃcidadhyāhriyate—tadamuṣya śrūyamāṇasya sādharmyavaidharmyagrahaṇasyai ko doṣaḥ ?

2.8.6

nanu ! traikālyasamādīnāmasaṃgrahaḥ kiṃ na doṣaḥ ? na hi traikālyasamādiṣu sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa vā pratyavasthānamastīti—naiṣa doṣaḥ— sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāmityasamāsakaraṇena dikpradarśanasya sūcanāt . sādharmyeṇa vaidhamyaiṇa vā, kathameṣa hetuḥ heturbhavatīti vā, kimanena kriyate iti vā yadevaṃprakāraṃ pratyavasthānaṃ hetupratibimbavartmanā kriyate, sā jātiḥ ityucyamāne bhaviṣyati sakalaviśeṣasaṅgrahaḥ . traikālyasamādiṣvapi vā yādṛśasya tādṛśasya sādharmyavaidharmyaprakārasyaḥ yojayituṃ śakyatvāt . na hyudāharaṇasādharmyaṃ sādhyasādhanamiha vivakṣitam, tadvaidharmyaṃ vā; sādharmyādimātraṃ tu . tatrāpi nātyantāya duravagamamiti yathāśrutameva sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānaṃ jātiriti sāmānyalakṣaṇaṃ yuktam ..

2.8.7

atha bhedavattvājjāteḥ caturviśatidhā vibhāgamāha—

2.8.8

sādharmyavaidharmyotkarṣāpakarṣavarṇyāvarṇyavikalpasādhyaprāptyaprāptiprasaṅgapratidṛṣṭāntānutpattisaṃśayaprakaraṇahetvarthāpattyaviśeṣopapattyupalabdhyanupalabdhinityānityakāryasamāḥ .. 5-1-1 ..

2.8.9

atra samā iti striyāṃ puṃsi ca tulyatvānnidarśasya, jātyapekṣayā strī nirdeśo vā pratiṣedhāpekṣayā puṃnnirdeśo vā varṇanīyaḥ . viśeṣalakṣaṇasūtreṣu punaḥ prāyeṇa pulliṅganirdeśo dṛśyate . sa tu pratiṣedhāpekṣayā teṣu vyākhyeya iti tadvyākhyānāvasara eva vakṣyāmaḥ ..

2.8.10

nanu ! āstāṃ tāvadviśeṣalakṣaṇavarṇanam . idameva tvādau cintyatām . kimarthamevaṃvidhamasaduttarajātaṃ śāstre vyutpādyate . evaṃprakārāṇāṃ ca dhūli prakṣepasadṛśānāṃ sāretaraparīkṣaṇakṣamavicakṣaṇopekṣaṇīyānāmasaduttarāṇāṃ ānantyāt caturviṃśatisaṃkhyāpi kathamiti mahān vismayo'smākam ..

2.8.11

yadapi ca tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇaṃ tatprayojanamabhidhīyate—tadapi na hṛdayaṅgamam—asaduttaropanyāsena tattvādhyavasāyasya saṃrakṣitumaśakya tvāt ..

2.8.12

atha vikaṭāṭopaprakaṭanapāṭavopahitāparasaṃmohanadvāreṇa tadrakṣaṇamāsthīyate, tarhi niṣṭhīvanahasitatarjanāṃsamardanakaupīnāvaraṇavidāraṇacaraṇāvasphoṭanādyapi vyutpādyatāmiha mokṣavidyāyām ..

2.8.13

api cedaṃ vicāryatām—kva jātiprayogaiḥ pratyavastheyam, samyaksādhane pareṇa prayukte, tadābhāse vā ? na tāvatsādhanābhāse, tasya hi yena nimittenāsiddhatvādinā sādhanābhāsatvamupanataṃ, tadeva tatraprayoktumucitam, jātayaḥ . tenaiva ca paraḥ parājīyate . nāpi samyaksādhane, tatra prayuktānāmapi tāsāmakiṃcitkaratvāt . na hi jātiprayogakaluṣitamapi samyaksādhanamasādhanībhavitumarhati ..

2.8.14

athaikāntaparājayādvaraṃ saṃdeha iti tābhirupakramyate—tatrāpi na tathopakramamāṇaḥ kamiva pratyāyayet ? na nītividaḥ, nītividastāvajjānantyeva, 'so'yaṃ yathocitamabhivaditumapārayan kimapyālajālamālapituṃ pravṛttaḥ, iti . śākaṭikādipratyāyanaṃ tu pratyantagahvarajanapadeṣu grāmya sadasi lābhādikāmasya kasyacit prayojanavadbhavedapi kadācit, na tu mokṣaśāstre tathāvidhopadeśaḥ peśala iti ..

2.8.15

atrābhidhīyate—samāhitametadbhagavatā sūtrakāreṇaiva tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ, kaṇṭakaśākhāparivaraṇavat iti vadatā . jalpavitaṇḍāṅgabhūtāni chalajātinigrahasthānāni . taduktaṃ chalajātinigrahasthānasādhanopālambho jalpaḥ iti . bhāsyakṛdapyāha—chalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ pṛthagupadeśa upalakṣaṇārthaḥ . upalakṣitānāṃ svavākye parivarjanaṃ, paravākye ca paryanuyogaḥ . jātestu pareṇa prayujyamānāyāḥ suvacaḥ samādhiḥ, svayaṃ ca sukaraḥ prayogaḥ iti ..

2.8.16

yadā hi mumukṣoḥ āgamādvā yuktito vā tattvajñānamutpannaṃ, na cādyāpi bhāvanābhyāsaprasādasamāsāditataddraḍhimātiśayaḥ vartate, tasyāmavasthāyāṃ yadi kenacit kimapyanumānaprāyamabhidhāya tadākulīkriyeta, tadat'sau viditayuktyāgamagauravo'pi sapadi tadutpādite tattvajñāne manāgasaṃbhāvanāleśamivādhigacchet . tasmin vā dṛḍhapratyaye'pi tatpārśvavartinaḥ śiṣyāḥ śithilitāsthā bhaveyuḥ . ato jhaṭiti sa dūṣaṇamapaśyan pratipakṣaṃ jātiprayogairapyasau śamayedeva, nodāsītetyuktaṃ jalpalakṣaṇe ..

2.8.17

paroditā vā jātīḥ pratyabhijñāya tatkṣaṇameva pariharediti sapha jātivyutpādanam . yathā kvacidaciravyuptasasye saṃpratyudbhidyamānakomalā ṅkuranikaradanturitasīmani kedāre tadupadravaḥ drutataragāmino yataḥ kutaścana catuṣpadāddvipādādvā'bhiśaṅkyata iti tatparihārāya samantato nirantarakaṇṭakaśākhāsantatiparicaraṇamādhīyate, evamihāpi jātyādiprayogataduddhāradvārakaṃ tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇaṃ kartavyamiti ..

2.8.18

yattu vikalpitaṃ—kva jāteḥ prayogaḥ, samyaksādhane, tadābhāseveti— taducyate—samyagdūṣaṇamapaśyattā kila jātyādi prayoktavyam . tacca saddūṣaṇādarśanaṃ samyaksādhane tadabhāvādeva bhavatu, sādhanābhāse vā, pramādādineveti ko'tra viśeṣaḥ ?

2.8.19

mumukṣostu jñātatattvasya tatpratikūlavādinā kena cidākṣiptasya tatprayukte tattvapratikṣepa balāt sādhanābhāsaviṣaya eva samyagdūṣaṇamapaśyataḥ jātiprayogāvasaraḥ . jñātvā'pi sādhanānāmābhāsatāṃ yathā tathā satvarameva nirbhartsyatāmayaṃ durācāraḥ' iti pārśvasthitasukumāramatiśiṣyajanotsāhajana nāya jātyādyāḍambaraviracamucitameva mumukṣoḥ . mumukṣuṃ prati ca śāstrārambhāt āṃjasyena tadapekṣayā sādhanābhāsaviṣaya eva jātiprayogaḥ . ata eva ca bhāṣyakṛtā prathamaṃ sādhanābhāsā eva jātyudāharaṇaṃ darśitam ..

2.8.20

lābhādikāmānāṃ tu samyaksādhane'pi prayukte yukta eva jātyādyupakramaḥ . itarathā hi nissaṃśaya eva parājayaḥ syādityetacca ānuṣaṅgikaṃ prayojanamityuktam ..

2.8.21

yatpunarabhihitaṃ—asaduttarakathane kathaṃ na capeṭādikaṃ prayujyata iti— tadapyasat—tasyātyantamalaukikatvāt . loko hi tadaivaṃ manyeta—

2.8.22

nūnameṣa na jānāti vaktuṃ sadṛśamuttaram .
anyathā vācamutsṛjya pāṇinā praharet katham ..

2.8.23

khedayedvādinaṃ yastu hastapādādicāpalaiḥ .
sa saṃsadyucyate sadbhiḥ bhaṇḍa eva na paṇḍitaḥ ..

2.8.24

jātyopakramamāṇastu na tathaiṣa vihasyate .
na hi saṃdūṣaṇacchāyā tatrātyantamasaṅgatā ..

2.8.25

tanna kaupīnavasanāpanayādisāmyaṃ jātyuttarāṇāmiti ..

2.8.26

yattu kastaiḥ pratyāyyata iti—tanna—na sarvaḥ sarvajñakalpo bhavati, na ca śākaṭikatulyaḥ . santi hi madhyamadaśāvartinaḥ janāḥ; ta ārādhayiṣyanta ityalaṃ prasaṅgena ..

2.8.27

yatpunaḥ asaduttarāṇāmānantyāt kathaṃ caturviśatisaṃkhyeti—tatrāpyucyate—satyapyānantye jātīnāmasaṃkīrṇodāharaṇavivakṣayā caturviṃśatiprakāratvamupavarṇitaṃ, na tu tatsaṃkhyāniyamaḥ kṛta iti ..

2.8.28

tadatra sādharmyeṇa pratyavasthānaṃ aviśiṣyamāṇaṃ sthāpanāhetoḥ tatsādharmyasamā jātiḥ . sā ca sādharmyahetau vaidharmyahetau ca prayujyate vaidharmyeṇa pravartamānaṃ tathaiva vaidharmyasamā jātiḥ . utkarṣāpakarṣābhyāṃ pratyavasthānaṃ utkarṣāpakaṣaṃsame jātī ityevaṃ sarvatra yojyam ..

2.8.29

sthāpanāhetutaścāviśeṣyamāṇatvaṃ jātivādyabhiprāyeṇa tāsāṃ draṣṭavyam . jātivādī hyevaṃ vadati—yathā bhavatprayuktaṃ sādhanaṃ tathedamapi kimiti na bhavatīti . ata eva hetupratibimbanadvāraka eva jātyupanyāsa ityuktam ..

2.8.30

atha viśeṣalakṣaṇānyāha . tatra—

2.8.31

sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāmupasaṃhāre taddharmaviparyayopapatteḥ sādharmyavaidharmyasamau .. 5. 1. 2 ..

2.8.32

pratiṣedhāpekṣayā puṃliṅganirdeśa iti tatra tatra draṣṭavyam . tatra ca sādharmyeṇa vaidharmyeṇa vā sādhanamabhidhāya siṣādhayiṣitapakṣopasaṃhāre sādhanavādinā kṛte, sādhyadharmaviparyayopapādanāya sādharmyeṇa pratyavasthānamaviśiṣyamāṇaṃ sthāpanāhetutaḥ—sādharmyasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ ..

2.8.33

udāharaṇaṃ tu—anityaḥ śabdaḥ, prayatnānantarīyakatvāt, yat prayatnānantarīyakaṃ, tat anityaṃ dṛṣṭam, yathā ghaṭaḥ—iti sādharmyeṇa hetau prayukte, jātivādī sādharmyeṇaiva pratyavatiṣṭhate—nityaḥ śabdaḥ, niravayavatvāt, niravayavaṃ dravyaṃ ākāśādi nityaṃ dṛṣṭamiti . na cātra viśeṣaheturasti, ghaṭasādharmyāt prayatnānantarīyakatvādanityaḥ śabdaḥ, na punaḥ ākāśasādharmyānniravayavatvānnityaḥ śabda iti ..

2.8.34

tathā'traiva vaidharmyeṇa . tyavasthānaṃ—nityaḥ śabdaḥ, niravayavatvāt, yat punaranityaṃ tat sāvayavaṃ dṛṣṭam, yathā ghaṭādi dravyamiti . na cāsti viśeṣahetuḥ, ghaṭasādharmyāt pratyatnānantarīyakatvāt anityaḥ śabdaḥ, na punaḥ ghaṭavaidharmyāt niravayavatvāt nitya iti ..

2.8.35

vaidharmyahetāvapi sādhanādinā prayukte, anityaḥ śabdaḥ, prayatnānantarīyakatvāt, yadanityaṃ na bhavati, tat prayatnānantarīyakamapi na bhavati, ākāśādivat—ityatra etadeva pūrvoktaṃ sādharmyavaidharmyapratyavasthānadvayamudāhartavyamiti ..

2.8.36

yathā kvacidavasare svayaṃ prayogo jātīnāmupayujyata iti tatsvarūpavyutpādanamupakrāntam evaṃ paraprayuktānāṃ tāsāṃ uttaramapi vaktavyam .atastadvyutpādanārthamāha—

2.8.37

gotvādgosiddhivattatsiddhiḥ .. 5. 1. 3 ..

2.8.38

sādharmyavaidharmyasamayoridamuttaram . yadi sādharmyamātraṃ vaidha rmyamātra vā sādhyasādhanaṃ pratijñāyeta, syādiyamanavasthā . bhavecca bhavatprayuktānāmīdṛśāmapi sthāpanāhetoraviśeṣaḥ . viśiṣṭaṃ tu sādharmyaṃ vaidharmya vā prayojakaṃ mucyamānaṃ naivaṃvidhaiḥ pratyavasthānaiḥ upahanyate . yathā satyapi sattādisāmānyasaṃbandhe, satyapi śuklādiguṇasaṃbandhe, satyapi calanādikarmayoge na gauḥ tathātvena tatsādharmyāt siddhyati, aśvādivaidharmyādvā, kintu avyabhicāriṇaḥ gotvādisaṃbandhādeva . tathehāpyaskhalitaniyamaṃ sādharmyaṃ, vaidharmyaṃ vā sādhyasiddhinibandhanam, na sādharmyādimātramiti ..

2.8.39

sādhyadṛṣṭāntayordharmavikalpādubhayasādhyatvāccotkarṣā pakarṣavarṇyāvarṇyavikalpasādhyasamāḥ .. 5. 1. 4 ..

2.8.40

dṛṣṭāntadharmaṃ sādhye dharmiṇi yojayan—asantamadhyāropayan utkarṣeṇa pratyavasthānaṃ yat karoti, sa utkarṣasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . yathā—anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvāt, ghaṭavat—ityukte, apara āha—yadi prayatnānantarīyakatvāt, ghaṭavadanityaḥ śabdaḥ, ghaṭavadeva mūrto'pi bhavati . na cenmūrtaḥ, ghaṭavadanityo'pi mā bhūditi mūrtatvasya dharmāntarasya prasaṃjanamutkarṣasamaḥ ..

2.8.41

dṛṣṭāntadharmavikalpanenaiva sādhyadharmiṇi siddhasyāpi dharmasyāpakaṣaṇa pratyavasthānamapakarṣasamaḥ . pūrvasminneva prayoge, ghaṭaḥ khalu prayatnānantarīyakassan aśrāvaṇo dṛṣṭaḥ, evaṃ śabdo'pi prayatnānantarīyakatvādaśrāvaṇo'stu . na cedaśrāvaṇaḥ, ghaṭavadanityo'pi mā bhūditi sataḥ śrāvaṇatvasyāpasāraṇamapakarṣasamaḥ ..

2.8.42

khyāpanīyaḥ—varṇyaḥ—pratipipādayiṣitaḥ sādhyadharmaḥ . tadviparyayāt avarṇyaḥ—siddhaḥ dṛṣṭāntadharmaḥ . tāvetau 'varṇyāvaṇyau viparyasyan— itaramitareṇa samīkurvan pratyavasthānaṃ yat karoti, tau varṇyāvarṇyasamau pratiṣeghau bhavataḥ . yadi śabdaḥ nityatvena varṇyate—sādhyate, ghaṭo'pi varṇyatāmiti varṇyasamaḥ . ghaṭaścenna varṇyate, śabdo'pi mā varṇītyavarṇyasamaḥ ..

2.8.43

dharmāntaravikalpena pratyavasthānaṃ vikalpasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . tatraiva prayoge—prayatnānantarīyakaṃ kiṃcinmṛdu dṛṣṭaṃ, dukūlarāṅkavaśayyādi; kiṃcit kaṭhinaṃ, karparaparaśvadhādi . evaṃ prayatnānantarīyakaṃ kiṃcidanityaṃ bhaviṣyati ghaṭādi, kiṃcinnityaṃ śabdādīti ..

2.8.44

ubhayorapi sādhyadṛṣṭāntayoḥ sādhyatvāpādanena pratyavasthānaṃ sādhyasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . yadi yathā ghaṭāstathā śabdaḥ, prāptaṃ tarhi yathā śabdaḥ, tathā ghaṭa iti . śabdaśca anityatayā sādhya iti ghaṭo'pi sādhya eva syāt . anyathā hi na tena tulyo bhavediti ..

2.8.45

atra paṃcānāmuttaram—

2.8.46

kiñcitsādharmyādupasaṃhāriserddhaivadharmyādapratiṣedhaḥ .. 5-1-5 ..

2.8.47

kiṃcitsādharmyādupasaṃhāraḥ siddhyati—yathā gauḥ, evamayaṃ gavayaḥ iti . na tu sarvathā rūpābhedaḥ tayoḥ āpādayituṃ śakyaḥ . pramāṇāvagatasvabhāvabhedānāṃ bhāvānāmitaretararūpasaṃkarasya kartumaśakyatvāt . evaṃca svapratibandhasādharmye susthite svasādhyamupasthāpayati sthāpanāhetau sādhyadṛṣṭāntayordharmavikalpamāpādayatā vaidharmyaṃ ca kiṃcidabhidadhatā pratiṣedhaḥ kartuṃ na labhyata iti ..

2.8.48

atha ṣaṣṭhasyottaram—

2.8.49

sādhyatideśācca dṛṣṭāntopapatteḥ .. 5-1-6 ..

2.8.50

yaducyate ghaṭo'pi śabdavat sādhyo bhavatviti—tannaivam—laukikaparī kṣakāṇāṃ yasminnarthe buddhisāmyam, sa dṛṣṭāntaḥ . tenāviparītatayā śabde 'tidiśyate . yathā ghaṭaḥ prayatnānantarīyakaḥ san anityaḥ, evaṃ śabdo' pīti . evaṃ sādhyātideśāt dṛṣṭānta upapadyamāne na tasya sādhyatvābhi dhānamupapadyate ..

2.8.51

prāpya sādhyamaprāpya vā hetoḥ prāptyāviśiṣṭatvādaprāpyāsādhakatvācca prāptyaprāptisamau .. 5. 1. 7 ..

2.8.52

prāptyaprāptivikalpanapūrvakamubhayatrāpi doṣāpādanaṃ prāptyaprāptisamaupratiṣedhau bhavataḥ . hetau sādhanavādinā prayukte, para āha—so'yaṃ hetuḥ prāpya vā sādhyaṃ sādhayet, aprāpya vā ? prāpya cet, dvayorlabdhasvarūpayoreva prāptirbhavatīti . kiṃ kasya sādhyam, sādhanaṃ vetyaviśeṣaḥ . aprāpya tu sādhakatvamanupapannaṃ, atiprasaṅgāt . na hyaprāpya pradīpaḥ prakāśya prakāśayediti ..

2.8.53

anayoruttaram—

2.8.54

ghaṭādiniṣpatteḥ pīḍane cābhicārādapratiṣedhaḥ .. 5. 1. 8 ..

2.8.55

nāyaṃ pratiṣedha upapadyate, ubhayathā'pi kāraṇabhāvasya darśanāt . daṇḍacakramūtrādikārakāni prāpya mṛdaṃ ghaṭādikāryaṃ niṣpādayanti dṛśyante . abhicārakarmaṇā ca śyenādinā dūrasthasyāpi śatroḥ pāṭanaṃ saṃpādyate iti ..

2.8.56

dṛṣṭāntasya kāraṇānapadeśāt pratyavasthānācca pratidṛṣṭāntena prasaṃgapratidṛṣṭāntasamau .. 5. 1. 9 ..

2.8.57

atiprasaṅgāpādanena pratyavasthānaṃ prasaṅgasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . pūrvodāhṛta eva hetau—yadyapyanityatve prayatnānantarīyakatvaṃ sādhanam . prayatnānantarīyakatve idānīṃ kiṃ sādhanam ? tatsādhane kim ? iti dṛṣṭāntasya ghaṭāderanityatāyāṃ kāraṇaṃ 'na kiṃcidapadiśyate . tena tatkāraṇānveṣaṇātiprasaṅgāt prasaṅgasamo'yaṃ pratiṣedhaḥ ..

2.8.58

pratidṛṣṭāntena pratyavasthānaṃ pratidṛṣṭāntasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . yathā— ghaṭaḥ prayatnānantarīyakassan anityo dṛṣṭaḥ, evamākāśaṃ prayatnānantarīyaka nityaṃ dṛśyate, tadvacchabdo'pi nityaḥ syāditi . kaḥ puṇarākāśasya prayatnā nantarīyakatvaṃ vadet ? kūpakhananādinā''krāśakaraṇaṃ manvāna evaṃ brūyādapi kaścit ..

2.8.59

nanu ! evamapi vyabhicārodbhāvanametat samyaguttaram, nāsaduttaraprakāro jātiprayogaḥ—naitadevam—na hi hetoranaikāntikatvamudbhāvayannasau sādhuriva jātivādī pratyavatiṣṭhate . api tu pratidṛṣṭāntabalena nityatvameva sādhayannutthita iti jātiprayoga evāyam . hetvābhāsā api svarūpanigūhanapurassaramaparahetupratibimbavartmanā pradarśyamānā jātitāṃ pratipadyanta eva ..

2.8.60

atra prasaṅgasamasya tāvaduttaramāha—

2.8.61

pradīpopādānaprasaṅgavinivṛttivattadvinivṛttiḥ .. 5-1-10 ..

2.8.62

asiddhaṃ hi nāma sādhyate, na siddham; tatra prayatnavaiphalyāt . sāndha kāre hi sadmani piṭharādipadārthadarśanāya pradīpamupādadate laukikāḥ, na dīpa darśanāya dīpāntaramāharantīti . antareṇāpi hi dīpāntarāṇi dṛśyata eva pradīpaḥ . evaṃ laukikaparīkṣakāṇāṃ ghaṭādau prayatnānantarīyakatvasya siddhatvāt tatra kāraṇāpadeśo niṣprayojana iti . tasmānnāyamapitaprasaṅgā pādanasya viṣayaḥ ..

2.8.63

atha pratidṛṣṭāntasamasyottaram—

2.8.64

pratidṛṣṭāntahetutve ca nāheturdṛṣṭāntaḥ .. 5-1-11 ..

2.8.65

pratidṛṣṭānta eva sādhakabuddhayā yadi tvayopanyastaḥ tarhi viśeṣaheturvaktavyaḥ, anena hetunā pratidṛṣṭānta eva sādhakaḥ, na dṛṣṭānta iti . na cāsau viśeṣe heturucyate . tasmānna pratidṛṣṭāntaḥ siddhiheturiti dṛṣṭānta eva—sādhako bhavati . pratidṛṣṭāntahetutve'pi sthite sati ahetu rdṛṣṭāntaḥ na hi sādhakaḥ syāt . na ca tadastītyuktam . ato nāheturdṛṣṭāntaḥ ..

2.8.66

atha yathā pratidṛṣṭānto na sādhakaḥ, evaṃ dṛṣṭānto'pi mā bhūdityanayā nītyā pratyavatiṣṭhate, sa hanta tarhi pratidṛṣṭāntasya tāvadahetutvaṃ svakaṇṭhena kathitamiti tasminnasādhake sati dṛṣṭānta eva sādhaka iti ..

2.8.67

prāgutpatteḥ kāraṇābhāvādanutpattisamaḥ .. 5. 1. 12 ..

2.8.68

anutpattyā pratyavasthānam—anutpattisamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . prāktana eva prayoge jātivādyāha—anitya ityutpattidharmaka ucyate . yaścotpattidharmakaḥ, tasyotpatteḥ pūrvamanutpattyā bhavitavyam . anutpanne ca śabdākhya dharmiṇi prayatnānantarīyakatvaṃ dharmaḥ kva vartatām ? alabdhapakṣavṛttiśca kathamanityatvaṃ sādhayatu . asiddhe cānityatve śabdasya balānnityatvameva bhavati kāraṇābhāvāditi . anityatvasiddhikāraṇasya prayatnānantarīyakatvasyābhāvādityarthaḥ . athavā śabdotpādakakāraṇābhāvādanutpanne śabde nirāśrayo heturiti ..

2.8.69

asyottaram—

2.8.70

tathābhāvādutpannasya kāraṇopapatteḥ na kāraṇapratiṣedhaḥ .. 5-1-13 ..

2.8.71

śabdākhyadharmiṇaḥ siddhasya sataḥ nityatvamanityatvaṃ vā vicāryate . tadasiddhau hi nityatvamapi kasya bhavānabhidadhīt ? utpannasya cāsya tathā bhāvo bhavati, nānutpannasya . utpannaḥ khalvayaṃ śabda iti bhavati nānutpannaḥ . prāgutpatteralabdhātmanaḥ kimucyate ? labdhasvarūpasya punaḥ anityatvakāraṇaprayatnānantarīyakatvasya sadbhāvādayukta evāyaṃ pratiṣedhaḥ ..

2.8.72

nityānityatvasādharmyātsaṃśathaḥ .. 5. 1. 14 ..

2.8.73

nitya nityasādharmyopanyāsena saṃśayāpādanapravaṇaṃ pratyavasthānaṃ saṃśayasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . anityaḥ śabdaḥ, prayatnānantarīyakatvāt ityasminneva hetau asti śabdasyānityasādharmyaṃ prayatnānantarīyakatvam, asti ca nityena sāmānyena sādharmyaṃ aindriyakatvam . ataḥ krimanityasādharmyāt prayatnānantarīyakatvāt anityaḥ śabdaḥ, uta nityasādharmyāt aindriyakatvānnityaḥ iti saṃśayaḥ—evaṃ paraḥ pratyavatiṣṭhate . na ca sādharmyasamaprayoga evāyamāśaṅkanīyaḥ, saṃśayāpādanapravaṇatvādasyeti ..

2.8.74

asyottaram—

2.8.75

sādharmyātsaṃśaye na saṃśayaḥ vaidharmyādubhayathā vā saṃśaye'tyantasaṃśayo nityatvānabhyupagamācca sāmānyasyāpratiṣedhaḥ .. 5. 1. 15 ..

2.8.76

sthāṇurvā puruṣo veti sthāṇupuruṣayossādharmyādūrdhvatvādeḥ saṃśayo bhavati, na tu śiraḥpāṇyādivaidharbhyāt . pratyuta tato'sau nivartate . yadi punarubhayathā'pi sādharmyādiva vaidharbhyadipi saṃśayaḥ syāt tathā satyatyantasaṃśayaḥ prāpnoti . iha cani viśeṣadarśanasthānīyamanityatvasādhanaṃ śabde prayatnānantarīyakatvamastīti nityatvaṃ sāmānyagataṃ saṃśayakāraṇamiti nābhyupagabhyate . tasmādapratiṣedho'yaṃ nityasāmānyasādharmyanibandhanasaṃśayāpādanarūpaḥ ..

2.8.77

ubhayasādharmyātprakriyāsiddheḥ prakaraṇasamaḥ .. 5. 1. 16 ..

2.8.78

pakṣapratipakṣau nirṇayalakṣaṇe vyākhyātau . tāveva prakaraṇam . prakaraṇamanativartamānaḥ prakaraṇasamaḥ pratiṣedho bhavati . pūrvasminneva prayoge nityaḥ śabdaḥ, niravayavatvāt, ākāśavat ityevaṃjātīyakaṃ pratiprayogamupanyasya svapakṣamutthāpayati jātivādī . sādharmyagrahaṇaṃ copalakṣaṇam . vaidharbhyeṇāpi pratiprayogopanyāse prakaraṇasama eva pratiṣedho bhavati . ubhayavaidharmyāt prakriyāsiddheḥ prakaraṇasama iti . mūlahetāvapi sādharmyeṇa vaidharbhyeṇa vā prayukte prayogadvayametadveditavyam ..

2.8.79

nanu ca ! te evaite sādharmyavaidharmyasame jātī sādharmyahetau vaidharmyahetau vā prayujyamānatvāccaturdhā sthiteiti tābhyāmeva gatatvāt nābhinavo'yaṃ jātiprayogaḥ . catasraścaitā jātaya ityekatvamapi na saṅgatam—ucyate—tatra para pakṣapratiṣedhapravaṇatayaiva pratyavasthānamudāhṛtam, iha tu pakṣasādhanacchāyayeti . ata eva prakaraṇasamo'yamucyate jātiḥ . anityapakṣavannitya pakṣe'pi pratikriyate'syāmiti . udbhāvanabhaṅgibhedācca jātinānātvam . asaṅkīrṇodāharaṇavivakṣayā caturviśatibhedatvam . vastutastu tāsāmānantyamityuktam ..

2.8.80

atrottaram—

2.8.81

pratipakṣātprakaraṇasiddheḥ pratiṣedhānupapattiḥ pratipakṣopapatteḥ .. 5. 1. 17 ..

2.8.82

nirṇayotpattyā prakaraṇaṃ paryavasitaṃ bhavati . prāṅnirṇayāt tadavasthameva . tadiha prakaraṇamutthāpayatā bhavatā ubhayasādharmyaṃ tadutthāpanakāraṇamabhihitam, ubhayasādharmyāt prakriyāsiddheriti bruvatā . ubhayasādharmye ca—maduktamapi sādharmyamastyeva, anyathā ubhayaśabdārthaḥ kaḥ ? evaṃ ca tadabhyanujñātaṃ bhavatīti tatpratiṣedho nopapadyate . pratiṣedhopapattau vā nobhayasādharmyaṃ prakaraṇakāraṇaṃ sidhyatīti . nirṇayotpattinimittaṃ ca prakaraṇoparamāya na kiṃciduktam, ubhayasādharmyābhidhānāditi ..

2.8.83

traikālyānupapatterhetorahetusamaḥ .. 5. 1. 18 ..

2.8.84

kālatrayānupapattyā hetumākṣipya kriyamāṇaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ ahetusamobhavati . hetuḥ sādhanam . sādhanaṃ ca sādhyāt pūrvaṃ paścādvā saha vā bhavet ? yadi pūrvam, asati sādhye tat kasya sādhanam ? atha paścāt sādhanaṃ, pūrvaṃ sādhyam; tadasati sādhane kasyedaṃ sādhyaṃ bhavet . pūrvasiddhe vā sādhye kiṃ sādhanena ? atha yugapat sādhyasādhane bhavataḥ, na tarhi tayoḥ savyetaragoviṣāṇayoriva sādhyasādhanabhāvo bhavet—ityevamayaṃ hetuḥ ahetorna viśiṣyate ..

2.8.85

asyottaram—

2.8.86

na hetutassādhyasiddhestraikālyāsiddhiḥ .. 5. 1. 20 ..

2.8.87

na traikālyāsiddhiḥ . kasmāt ? hetutaḥ sādhyasiddheḥ . utpattau tāvadayaṃ paryanuyogaḥ, pūrvasiddhena hetunā tantvādinā paścādbhāvino'sata eva kāryasya paṭādeḥ siddhirityuktatvāt . buddhisiddhaṃ tu tadasat nyā. sū. 4-1-50 iti . jñaptāvapi parihṛta eṣa doṣaḥ, upalabdhihetoḥ upalabdhiviṣayasya cārthasya pūrvāparasahabhāvāniyamāt . yathādarśanaṃ vyavasthetipramāṇaparīkṣayāmabhidhānāt . dṛśyate ca nirvartanahetunā nirvartanīyanirvṛttiḥ, upalabdhihetunā ca upalabhyasyopalambhaḥ iti . pramāṇasiddhe ca vastuni ko'yamākṣepaḥ ?

2.8.88

pratiṣedhe ca tulyo'yamanuyoga ityāha—

2.8.89

pratiṣedhānupapatteśca pratiṣeddhavyāpratiṣedhaḥ .. 5-1-20 ..

2.8.90

pratiṣedho'pi pratiṣedhyāt pūrvaṃ, paścāt, saha vā bhavet ? iti vikalpyamāne na pratiṣeddhavyaṃ pratiṣeddhumutsahata iti ..

2.8.91

arthāpattitaḥ pratipakṣasiddherarthāpattisamaḥ .. 5-1-21 ..

2.8.92

arthādāpadyate pratipakṣasiddhiḥ—ityevaṃ kriyamāṇaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ arthāpattisamo bhavati . pūrvasminneva prayoge—yadi ghaṭasādharmyāt prayatnānantarīya katvāt anityaḥ śabdaḥ, arthādāpadyate ākāśasādharmyānnitya iti . asti cāsya nityena sādharmyamākāśādinā dravyeṇa niravayavatvamiti . udbhāvana prakārabhedācca jātibheda ityuktam ..

2.8.93

asyottaram—

2.8.94

anuktasyārthādāpatteḥ pakṣahānerupapattiḥ .. 5. 1. 22 ..

2.8.95

anupapāditasādhanamanuktamapyarthādāpadyata iti vadataḥ pakṣahānirapyupapadyate . māmakānityapakṣasiddhau hi satyām, arthādāpadyate tāvakasya nityapakṣasya hāniriti ..

2.8.96

doṣāntaramāha—

2.8.97

anaikāntikatvāccārthāpatteḥ .. 5-1-23 ..

2.8.98

ubhayapakṣatanāneyamarthāpattiḥ, viparyayeṇāpi prayoktuṃ śakyatvāt . nityaḥ śabdaḥ, niravayavatvāt ityevamapyukte śakyaṃ vaktum, yadi nityākāśasādharmyāt niravayavatvāt nityaḥ śabdaḥ arthādāpadyate, anityaghaṭādisādharmyāt prayatnānantarīyakatvādanitya iti . na caivamapi kācidarthasiddhiḥ . na khalu vai ghanasya grāvaṇaḥ patanamityukte arthādāpadyate dravasya vāriṇaḥ patanābhāva iti ..

2.8.99

ekadharmopapatteḥ kvacidanupapatteḥ pratiṣedhābhāvaḥ .. 5-1-25 ..

2.8.100

aviśeṣopapādanena pratyavasthānaṃ—aviśeṣasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . yadi śabdaghaṭayorekadharmaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvamastīti tayoranityatvāviśeṣa ucyate—tarhi sarvabhāvānāmaviśeṣaprasaṅgaḥ . katham ? sadbhāvopapatteḥ— sattāsaṃbandhādityarthaḥ . so'yamaviśeṣasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ ..

2.8.101

etasyottaram—

2.8.102

kvacittaddharmopapatteḥ kvacidanupapatteḥ pratiṣedhābhāvaḥ .. 5-1-25 ..

2.8.103

kvacidaviśeṣāpādanaheturupapadyate dharmaḥ, kvacittu nopapadyata ityevamayama pratiṣedhaḥ . śabdaghaṭayoreko dharmaḥ prayatnānantatarīyakatvamasti, yena tayordharmāntaramanityatvamaviśeṣarūpamupapādyate . na tu sarvabhāvānāmīdṛśamaviśeṣakāraṇaṃ dharmajātamasti ..

2.8.104

yattu sadbhāvopapatteriti, tena kiṃ dharmāntaramaviśeṣarūpaṃ sādhyeta ? anityatvameveti cet, tarhyayaṃ pratijñārtho vyavatiṣṭheta anityāḥ sarve bhāvāḥ, sattvāt iti . sa cāyamanupapannaḥ dṛṣṭāntānupapatteḥ . sarvabhāvānāṃ pakṣīkṛtatvāt dṛṣṭānto na kaścidavaśiṣyate . na ca pratijñātaikadeśa eva dṛṣṭāntīkartuṃ śakyaḥ, siddhasādhyabhedāt . sādhyaḥ pratijñāto'rtho bhavati, siddhaśca dṛṣṭāntaḥ . na ca dṛṣṭāntarahito hetuḥ svasādhyopasthāpanasāmarthyamaśnute ..

2.8.105

na ca saugatoktanītyā nityebhyo vyāpakānupalabdhyā sattvaṃ vyāvartita manityeṣveva pratiṣṭhāṃ labhate . yaiva vipakṣādvyāvṛttiḥ sa eva sādhyenānugama iti vaktavyam—tannīteḥ prāgeva pratikṣepāt . pratyuktaṃ hi vistarataḥ kṣaṇabhaṅgasādhanamiti ..

2.8.106

kiṃciddhi sattvayogi bhāvajātamanityaṃ bhavati, kiṃcinnityamiti nāyamekāntaḥ—sattvādanityāḥ sarve bhāvā iti ..

2.8.107

api ca sarvabhāvānāmanityatve sādhyamāne tadantargatatvācchabdasyāpyanityatvamabhyupagataṃ bhavedityevamapyayamapratiṣedhaḥ ..

2.8.108

ubhayakāraṇopapatterupapattisamaḥ .. 5. 1. 26 ..

2.8.109

ubhayakāraṇopapattyā pakṣadvayopapattivarṇanam—upapattisamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ ..

2.8.110

yadyanityatvakāraṇaṃ prayatnānantarīyakatvamupapadyate śabdasyeti anityaḥ śabdaḥ, nityatvakāraṇamapi niravayavatvamasyopapadyata iti nityaḥ syāt . ubhayatrāpi kāraṇopapatteḥ ..

2.8.111

nanu saiveyaṃ sādharmyādisamā prakaraṇasamā vā jātiḥ, na bhedāntaram— maivam—udbhāvanāprakāreṇa bhedāt . parapakṣopamardabuddhyā sādharmyādisamā jātiḥ prayujyate . pakṣāntarotthāpanāsthayā prakaraṇasamā . apratipattiparyavasāyitvāśayeneyamupapattisameti ..

2.8.112

atrottaram—

2.8.113

upapattikāraṇānujñānādapratiṣedhaḥ .. 5-1-27 ..

2.8.114

ubhayakāraṇopapattyā pratiṣedhamabhidadhatā pakṣadvayakāraṇopapattiḥ anujñātā bhavati . sā cedanujñātā kathamekatarapakṣapratiṣedhaḥ . ekatarapakṣapratiṣedhaścet kathamubhayakāraṇopapattiḥ . ubhayapakṣakāraṇopapattiḥ ekatarapakṣapratiṣadhaśceti vipratiṣiddham . vyāghātādeva tatapakṣapratiṣedho'vakalpata iti cet—samāno vyāghātaḥ . tena hi parapakṣavat svapakṣo'pi pratihanyata iti . na hi vyāghāta ekaṃ pakṣaṃ sādhayati, ekaṃ bādhata iti ..

2.8.115

nirdiṣṭakāraṇābhāve'pyupalambhādupalabdhisamaḥpratiṣedhaḥ ..

2.8.116

nirdiṣṭasya sādhyadharmasiddhikāraṇasyābhāve'pi sādhyadharmopalabdhyā pratyavasthānaṃ—upalabdhisamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . yadetadanityatāyāṃ śabdasya prayatnā nantarīyakatvaṃ kāraṇamupadiṣṭam, tasyābhāve'pi prabalaprabhaṃjanajavabhajyamānajaratpādapapātaprabhave'pi śabde dṛśyata evānityatvam . anyatrāpi vidyudādau vinā'pi prayatnānantarīyakatvamupalabhyata evānityateti ..

2.8.117

asyottaram—

2.8.118

kāraṇāntarādapi taddharmopapatterapratiṣedhaḥ .. 5-1-29 ..

2.8.119

atraitadeva tāvadvaktavyaṃ sapakṣaikadeśavṛttitvamidamasya hetorudbhāvitam . na ca sapakṣaikadeśavṛttiragamakaḥ . prayatnānantarīyakatvamanityatve pratibaddham, na punaranityaṃ prayatnānantarīyakatve . yatprayatnānantaroyakam, tadanityam iti hi vyāptiḥ, na tu yadanityam, tatprayatnānantarīyakam iti . yathā yatrāgnistatra dhūmaḥ iti na . yatra dhūmastatrāgniḥ iti ..

2.8.120

evaṃ prayatnānantarīyakatvamantareṇa samīraṇarayapātyamānavanaspatyādiśabde vidyudādau vā yeyamanityatopalabdhiḥ, na sā tasya hetutāmapahantīti ..

2.8.121

api ca prayatnānantarīyakatvamiti kāraṇādutpattiriyamabhidhīyate, na tu kāraṇaṃ niyamyate prayatna eveti . tatra pavananodanajanitataruśabdavat asatyapi prayatne, kāraṇāntaraṃ tadutpādakaṃ bhaviṣyati . kāraṇāntarajanye'pyanityatvaṃ śabde vidyudādau vā na viruddhamiti ..

2.8.122

kathaṃ punaridameva gamyate—prayatnādibhirasannutpādyate śabdaḥ, na punassannabhivyajyata iti—sato'nupalabdhau nimittābhāvāt . āvaraṇaṃ nimittamiti cet—na—mūlodakādiṣu mṛda iva śabde kasyacidāvaraṇasyāgrahaṇāt . tasmānna mūlovakādinā tulyaḥ śabdaḥ ityasanneva prayatnādinā kriyata iti ..

2.8.123

tadanupalabdheranupalambhādabhāvāsiddhau tadviparītopapatteḥ anupalabdhisamaḥ .. 5-1-30 ..

2.8.124

anupalabdheranupalambhopanyāsena pratyavasthānam—anupalabdhisamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . yaduktam—āvaraṇānupalambhādasatyāvaraṇe prāguccāraṇādagrahaṇādasanneva śabdaḥ prayatnenābhinirvaryatta iti—tadayuktam—āvaraṇānupabdherapyanupalambhāt tasyāścānupalambhādabhāvaḥ, anupalabdherabhāvāt upalabdhirbhavati, pratiṣedhadvayena vidhereva pratīteḥ . āvaraṇopalabdheścāvaraṇasattā siddhyatīti tatkṛtameva śabdasyāgrahaṇam, nāsattvakṛtamityabhivyaṃjakamevāsya prayatnādi kāraṇamiti ..

2.8.125

asyottaram—

2.8.126

anupalambhātmakatvādanupalabdherahetuḥ .. 5. 1. 31 ..

2.8.127

āvaraṇānupalabdhirnāsti, anupalabdheḥ iti yo'yaṃ heturuktaḥ, sa na hetuḥ . kutaḥ ? anupalambhasvabhāvatvādanupalabdheḥ—upalambhapratiṣedhātmakatvādityarthaḥ . astitvanāstitve hi bhāvānāṃ upalambhānupalambhābhyāmavasthāpyete—yadupalabhyate tadasti, śaśavat; yannopalabhyate tannāsti, tadviṣāṇavat . nopalabhyate ca śabdasyāvaraṇaṃ, mūlodakāderiva mṛttikā— ityanupalambhānnāstīti gamyate . anupalambho hyayamāvaraṇaviṣayaḥ, nānupalabdhiviṣayaḥ sa āvaraṇasyaiva nāstitāmavagamayati, nānupalabdheriti anupalabdherbhāvādāvaraṇameva nāstīti ..

2.8.128

jñānavikalpānāṃ ca bhāvābhāvasaṃvedanādadhyātmam .. 1-1-32 ..

2.8.129

jñānavikalpāḥ—pratītiprakārāḥ . teṣāṃ bhāvābhāvau pratiprāṇisaṃvedyau bhavataḥ . asti me jñānam ityevaṃ sarvaḥ pratyakṣānumānāgamajñānāni pramāṇaphalāni smaraṇasaṃśayādijñānāni ca pramāṇaphalānyanubhavatīti . sā ceyamāvaraṇānupalabdhiḥ upalabdhivadadhyātmaṃ saṃvedyate, nopalabhe śabdasyāvaraṇaṃ, mṛdamiva mūlodakādeḥ iti . tadevaṃ bāhyapadārthabhāvābhāvavat ānta rajñānabhāvābhāvayorapi pratyakṣatvādaparyanuyogo'yaṃ anupalabdheranupalambhādāvaraṇamasti śabdasya iti . tasmāt prāguccāraṇādasanneva śabda iti siddham ..

2.8.130

sādharmyāttulyadharmopapatteḥ sarvānityatvaprasaṅgādanityasamaḥ .. 5. 1. 33 ..

2.8.131

sarvabhāvānityatvaprasaṅgena pratyavasthānam—anityasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . anityena ghaṭena sādharmyamasti śabdasyeti yadi tasyānityatvamucyate, tarhi sarvabhāvānāmapi ghaṭena kimapi sādharmyamastīti sarva evānityāḥ syuḥ ..

2.8.132

aviśeṣasanaiveyaṃ jātiriti cet—na—tatra hi sattābhiyogāt sarvabhāvānāmaviśeṣa āpāditaḥ, iha tu ghaṭasādharmyādevānityatvamāpādyata iti . udbhāvanabhaṅgibhedācca jātinānātvamityasakṛduktam ..

2.8.133

atrottaram—

2.8.134

sādharmyādapyasiddheḥ pratiṣedhāsiddhiḥ pratiṣedhyasādharmyāt .. 5. 1. 34 ..

2.8.135

atiprasaṅgamāpādayato hyetadvivakṣitaṃ bhavati—ghaṭasādharmyādasiddhiranityatvasyeti . yadi ca ghaṭasādharmyādanityatvasyāsiddhiḥ, tarhi tāvakasyāsya pratiṣedhavākyasyāpyasiddhiḥ, pratiṣedhyavākyasādharmyāt . asti hi pratiṣedhavākyasya pratiṣedhyavākyena sādharmyaṃ pratijñādyavayavayogitvamiti ..

2.8.136

kiṃca—

2.8.137

dṛṣṭānte sādhyasādhanabhāvena pratijñātasya dharmasya hetutvāttasya cobhayathā bhāvānnaviśeṣaḥ .. 5. 1. 35 ..

2.8.138

na hi sādharmyamātraṃ sādhanaṃ bhavati, api tu dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇyavadhṛtasāmarbhyaṃ sādharmyaṃ vaidharmyaṃ vā . tathāvidhaṃ cet sarvabhāvānāmasti, bhavatu teṣāmapyanityatvam, ko dveṣaḥ ? nāsti cet, ko'yamatiprasaṅgaḥ . na hi dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi prajñātasāmarthyaṃ sādharmyamubhayathā bhavati—pakṣāntaraṃ spṛśati . tena sādharmyaviśeṣasya hetutvāt tasya ca sarvatrāsaṃbhavāt na sarvānityatvam . aviśeṣasamāyāṃ ca jātau yatsamādhānamuktaṃ, tadihāpi vaktavyamiti ..

2.8.139

nityamanityabhāvādanitye nityatvopapatternisyasamaḥ .. 5-1-36 ..

2.8.140

anityavākhyasādhyadharmasvarūpavikalpanena śabdanityavāpādanaṃ nityasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . anityaḥ śabdaḥ iti pratijñāte hi jātivādī vikalpayati—kimidamanityatvaṃ śabdasya nityam, athānityam iti . yadi tāvadanityam, tatha kadācit pracyaveta . tatpracyuteḥ nityaḥ śabdaḥ . atha nityamanityatvam 'tarhi dharmasya nityatvāt, tasya ca nirādhārasyānupapatteḥ tadāśrayasya śabdasyāpi nityatvam . anityatve hi, śabde vināṣṭe tadādhāro dharmaḥ kva varteteti ..

2.8.141

asyottaram—

2.8.142

pratiṣedhye nityamanityabhāvāt anityatvopapatteḥ pratiṣedhābhāvaḥ .. 5-1-37 ..

2.8.143

pratiṣedhye śabde nityamanityatvasya bhāvaśceducyate, tadanitya evāsāvukto bhavati . anityatvopapatteśca tatpratiṣedho nopapadyate . nityamanityatvaṃ śabdasya iti ca bravīṣi, nityatāṃ ca tadyogādasyopapādayasīti mahānayamāyuṣmato bhramaḥ ..

2.8.144

atha niradhikaraṇo dharmaḥ kathaṃ syāditi—taducyate—anityatvaṃ hi nāma nirodhaḥ, pradhvaṃsaḥ, abhāvaḥ ityanarthāntaram . anityatvādabhāva iti tu vyavahāramātram . sā ceyamanityatā śabdāvacchinnā na, śabdādhikaraṇā . na ghaṭābhāvaḥ ghaṭāśrito bhavitumarhati . bhāvasvabhāvā hi dharmāḥ dharmāśritā bhavanti, nābhāvaḥ . abhāvastvāśrito'pi na pratiyogyāśrito bhavati kintvarthāntaravṛttiḥ bhūpradeśa iva ghaṭābhāva iti ..

2.8.145

nityānityatvavirodhācca—nityatvamanityatvaṃ caikatra dharmiṇi virudhyete . tat kathamabhidhīyate nityamanityatvasya bhāvānnityaḥ śabda iti ..

2.8.146

prayatnakāryānekatvātkāryasamaḥ .. 5-1-38 ..

2.8.147

prayatnakāryanānātvopanyāsena pratyavasthānaṃ kāryasamaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ . anityaḥ śabdaḥ, prayatnānantarīyakatvāt ityukte, apara āha— prayatnasya hi kāryadvaidhamupalabdham, kiṃcidasadeva prayatnena nirvartyate, yathā ghaṭādi . kiṃcit sadevāvaraṇavyapanayanādinā prayatnenābhivyajyate—yathā mṛdantaritamudakādi . evaṃ prayatnakāryanānātvāt kiṃ prayatnenāvidyamānaḥ śabdo nirvartyate dhaṭavat; uta vidyamāna evābhivyajyate mṛdantaritasalilavaditi saṃśayaḥ ..

2.8.148

na ceyaṃ saṃśayasamā jātiḥ, hetvarthavikalpanenātra pratyavasthānāt . tatra hi niravayavatvādyākāśadharmopanyāsena saṃśaya āpāditaḥ; iha tu sādhanavādyuktaprayatnānantarīyakatvahetvarthanirūpaṇeneti . udbhāvanāprakārabhedaśca jātīnāṃ vaicitryakāraṇamityuktameva ..

2.8.149

atrottaram—

2.8.150

kāryānyatve prayatnāhetutvamanupalabdhikāraṇānupapatteḥ .. 5-1-39 ..

2.8.151

yadyapi prayatnakāryānyatvamupalabhyate; tathāpi prakṛte śabde prayatnasyābhivyaktāvahetutvam . na prayatnataḥ śabdamabhivyanakti, kintvabhūtaprādurbhāvameva vidhatte . kasmāt ? anupalabdhikāraṇānupapatteḥ . yatra hi sataḥ padārthasya pratyatno'bhivyaktihetuḥ, tatra tasya sataḥ salilāderanupalabdhikāraṇamasti mṛdādivyavadhānam . tadapohamācaratā prayatnena tadabhivyaktiḥ saṃpādyate . śabdasya tu na kiṃcidanupalabdhinibandhanaṃ vyavadhānādi saṃbhavatīti varṇitam . atastasyāsata evātmalābhanimittamuccāraṇādiprayatnaḥ na sato'bhivyaktinimittam . tasmādanityaḥ śabda iti siddham ..

2.8.152

tadevamanena caturviśatividhajātyudāharaṇapratisamādhānopadeśavartmanā śabdānityatvasādhake parakīyamupālambhajātamevaṃprāyamakhilamapākṛtam, āmrasekapitṛtarpaṇanyāyena bhavati bhagavatā sūtrakāreṇa ..

2.8.153

idamaparamidānīmupadiśyate caturviśatāvapi jātivādinā prayuktāsu mūlasādhanavādī—vispaṣṭānumānodantaparīkṣaṇapurassaraṃ sadevottaraṃ yathopadiṣṭamabhidadhīta; na tu jātiprayogānukāriduruttarālāpacāpalena ṣaṭpakṣīṃ pravartayet . tasyāṃ hi prastutāyāṃ ubhayorapi vādiprativādinorasiddhiḥ asadvācitvāt . kathaṃ punaḥ ṣaṭpakṣī pravartata iti—tatpathaṃ darśayitumāha—

2.8.154

pratiṣedhe hi samāno doṣaḥ .. 5. 1. 40 ..

2.8.155

sthāpanāhetuvādinā prathamapakṣasthena sthāpanāhetuḥ prayuktaḥ, anityaḥ śabdaḥ, prayatnānantarīyakatvāt iti ..

2.8.156

tato jātivādī dvitīyapakṣasthaḥ prayatnakāryānekatvāt iti prayatnā nantarīyakatvaṃ abhivyaṅgye'pi śabde bhavati iti hetoranaikāntikatvamāha ..

2.8.157

tadadhunā tṛtīyapakṣasthaḥ sthāpanāhetuvādī yadi yathopadiṣṭamāvaraṇānupalabdhikramamanusṛtya viśeṣamupadarśayan anaikāntikatāmuddharati, tatastāvatyeva paryavasyati kathā—iti caturthādipakṣāvasaravirahāt nāvataratyeva ṣaṭpakṣī ..

2.8.158

yadi tu taṃ kramamapahāyaiva tṛtīyapakṣastho'sau vadati—'hetoścedanaikānti katvamudbhāvayasi, anaikāntikatvādasādhakaḥ syāditi—nanvayaṃ tāvakaḥ pratiṣedho'pyanaikāntikaḥ—kiṃcitpratiṣedhati, kiṃcinneti—hetossādhakatvaṃ pratiṣedhati, na svarūpamiti . ata evetthaṃ pratiṣedhasyānaikāntikatvāt so'pi hi nābhivyaktipakṣameva sādhayet, utpattipakṣe'pi prayatnasāphalyopapatteḥ . ubhayatrāpi ca viśeṣahetoranapadeśāt . evamanaikāntikatvamabhihitavati sādhanavādini, bhavati pratiṣaidhavādino'pi vacanāvasara iti avatarati ṣaṭpakṣī ..

2.8.159

sa hi caturthapakṣastha eva vadati—

2.8.160

pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe tatpratiṣedhadoṣavaddoṣaḥ .. 5-1-41 ..

2.8.161

vividhaḥ pratiṣedhaḥ—vipratiṣedha ihocyate, na vyādhātaḥ, prakṛtasaṅgaterabhāvāt . yo'yaṃ pratiṣedhe'pi samāno'naikāntikatvadoṣa ucyate, sa pratiṣedhapratiṣedhe'pi bhavatprayukte samānaḥ, so'pi hi pūrvavadanaikāntika eveti tataḥ paṃcamaṃ pakṣamabalambya mūlasādhanavādī matānujñāmudbhāvayati ..

2.8.162

sā ca—

2.8.163

pratiṣedhaṃ sadoṣamabhyupetya pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe samānadoṣaprasaṃgo matānujñā .. 5-1-42 ..

2.8.164

pratiṣedhe'pi samāno doṣa iti samudbhāvitaṃ doṣamanuddhṛtya taṃ pratiṣedhaṃ sadoṣamabhyupetya madukte pratiṣedhavipratiṣedhe—samānadoṣaprasaṅgamāpādayataste matānujñā nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . coro bhavān ityukte'bhiyuktena cauryamātmano nirākaraṇīyam, na tu bhavānapi coraḥ iti paraḥ pratipattavyaḥ —iti ..

2.8.165

evaṃ paṃcamapakṣasthe mūlasādhanavādini kathitavati, paraḥ ṣaṣṭhaṃ pakṣamāsthāya punarabhidhatte—yadi svapakṣadoṣānuddharaṇapurassaraparapakṣadoṣāpādanopanatamatānujñānigrahasthānapātramahamādiśye, hanta tarhi tavāpi tadeva nigraha sthānamavatarati, tvamapyevamakārṣīḥ . tathā hi dvitīyapakṣasthena mayā prayatnakāryānekatvāt iti yadanaikāntikatvamudbhāvitam, tadanuddhṛtyaiva pratiṣedhe'pi samāno doṣaḥ iti mayyeva pratīpamāpāditam . tadevaṃ tvatta eva śikṣitvā'hamapi caturthapakṣasthaḥ tathaiva tvayi doṣamarpitavāniti, mama cenmatānujñā, prathamataraṃ tavāsau bhavediti ..

2.8.166

tadetadāha—

2.8.167

svapakṣalakṣaṇāpekṣopapattyupasaṃhārahetunirdeśe parapakṣadoṣābhyupagamātsamāno doṣaḥ .. 5-1-43 ..

2.8.168

svapakṣaḥ mūlasādhanavādyuktaḥ—prayatnānantarīyakatvādanityaḥ śabdaḥ iti . tallakṣaṇaḥ—tatsamutthānaḥ, tadviṣayaḥ prayatnakāryānekatvāt iti pratiṣedhaḥ . tamapekṣamāṇaḥ, tamanuddhṛtya—anujñāya pravṛttaḥ pratiṣedhe'pi samāno doṣaḥ ityupapadyamānaḥ, parapakṣe'naikāntikatvadoṣopasaṃhāraḥ . tasya ca hetunirdeśa ityayamanaikāntikaḥ pratiṣedha iti, tasmin sati parapakṣakathitānai kāntikatvadoṣābhyupagamāt, tadanuddharaṇena tasyaiva pratīpadoṣodbhāvanāt samāno matānujñādoṣa iti ṣaṣṭhaḥ pakṣaḥ ..

2.8.169

seyaṃ ṣaṭpakṣī . tasyāṃ prathamatṛtīyapaṃcamāḥ . sthāpanāhetuvādinaḥ pakṣāḥ . dvitīyavaturthaṣaṣṭhāḥ pratiṣedhavādinaḥ ete ca sādhyasādhakatayā parīkṣyamāṇāḥ paunaruktyamatānujñādidoṣāpahatatvāt anyatarasyāpi vādinaḥ sādhyasiddhaye na prakalpante ..

2.8.170

tathā hi—caturthaṣaṣṭhayoḥ pakṣayoḥ arthāviśeṣātpunaruktadoṣaprasaṅgaḥ . caturthe pakṣe parasya samānadoṣatvamucyate . ṣaṣṭhe'pi tathaiva samānaḥ . tṛtīya paṃcamayostṛtīye pakṣe parokṣaṃ samānadoṣatvamabhyupagamyate . paṃcame'pi matānujñāmudbhāvayatā tadaṅgīkṛtameva bhavati . tṛtīyacaturthayośca paroktadoṣā nuddharaṇāttu matānujñetyaivaṃ ṣaṭpakṣyāmubhayorasiddhiḥ . tasmāt saduttaraireva doṣacikitsā sādhīyasī, nāsaduttaraiḥ, ṣaṭpakṣīprasaṅgāditi ..

2.8.171

nanu ! asaduttarakathane'pi kathaṃ ṣaṭpakṣyāmeva virāmaḥ ? śatapakṣī sahasrapakṣī vā kathaṃ na pravartate ? ko'tra niyamaḥ ? iti cet—ucyate— iyatyeva nivartate vacanāvakāśa iti nānantapakṣatā saṃbhavati . tathā hi— pūrvottarapakṣavādinau tāvat sādhanadūṣaṇavādinau bhavata eva, ko'tra vicāraḥ . tatra sthāpanāhetuvādinā tāvat prathamaṃ svapakṣasādhane'bhihite, dūṣaṇavādinā ca tatra dūṣaṇe varṇite, tṛtīye vacasi vartamānaḥ sādhanavādī samyaṅnītyopakramamāṇaḥ taddūṣaṇamuddhartuṃ śaknuyānna veti tasyāmeva daśāyāṃ prāṅvivākāyatto nirṇayaḥ ..

2.8.172

asaduttaropanyāse tu tṛtīyavacasā tena kṛte dūṣaṇavādyapi labdhāvakāśaḥ, tata eva śikṣitvā caturthe vacasi vartamānaḥ tatpratīpaṃ yojayati . tataḥ sthāpanāhetuvādī pratīpayojanāyāmaphalāyāṃ duruttarāyāṃ samavyayaphalāyāṃ aśakyakriyāyāṃ ca nirudyogaḥ kiṃcidabhinavaṃ dūṣaṇamutprekṣya paṃcame vacasi sthito matānujñāmāha ..

2.8.173

tatastāmapi parapakṣamanativartamānāṃ paśyan pratiṣedhavādī ṣaṣṭhe vacasi sthitvā tāṃ tatpakṣa eva yojayati—ityevaṃ vṛtte dūṣaṇāntarāsaṃbhavāt, pratīpayojane ca bhagnarasatvāt tūṣṇīmevāsitumucitamiti tāvatyeva bhavati vacanaviratiḥ, na śatasahasrādipakṣaprasaṅgaḥ pravartata ityataḥ ṣaṭpakṣīmeva darśitavānācāryaḥ . sa cāntevāsinaṃ bodhayitumevamupā diśadanena pathā pravarteta bhavān, anyena mā pravartiṣṭeti ..

2.8.174

vācyamuttaramato niravadyaṃ
jātivādinamapi prati tajjñaiḥ .
kaśmalottaragirā na tu kāryā
pakṣaṣaṭkaparikalpanagoṣṭhī ..

2.8.175

yādṛgyajño balirapi tathetyevamādāya buddhau
yastu brūyātkaluṣamaphalastasya śuddho'pi hetuḥ .
ṣaṭpakṣādiprasaraṇaparimlānakāntirna buddhiṃ
śaktaḥ svārthe janayitumasāvagrataḥ prāśnikānām ..

2.8.176

itīdaṃ vyākhyātaṃ nijasaraṇisāṅkaryarahitaṃ
svarūpaṃ jātīnāṃ sphuṭamiha caturviśatividham .
amūṣāṃ tattvajñaḥ paraviracitānāṃ parihṛtau
svayaṃ copanyāse na hi sadasi saṃmuhyati naraḥ ..

2.8.177

—iti jātiparīkṣā—

2.8.178

jātyanantaraṃ nigrahasthānoddeśāt tallakṣaṇapratipādanārthamāha—

2.8.179

vipratipattirapratipattiśca nigrahasthānam .. 1. 2. 60 ..

2.8.180

nigrahaḥ—parājayaḥ, tasya sthānam—āśrayaḥ, kāraṇamityarthaḥ . kiṃca parājayanimittaṃ vipratipattiḥ, apratipattiśca . viparītā—kutsitā garhaṇīyā pratipattiḥ—vipratipattiḥ—sādhanābhāse sādhanabuddhiḥ, dūṣaṇābhāse dūṣaṇabuddhiḥ . apratipattistu ārambhaviṣaye'nārambhaḥ . ārambhasya viṣayaḥ— sādhane dūṣaṇaṃ, dūṣaṇe coddhāraḥ . tayorakaraṇaṃ—apratipattiḥ ..

2.8.181

dvidhā hi vādo parājīyate—yathākartavyamanārabhamāṇaḥ, viparītaṃ vā pratipādyamānaḥ . ata eva na karmakaraṇayornigrahamādiśanti . na hi tābhyāṃ kiṃcidaparāddham, svaviṣaye prayujyamānayoḥ sāmarthyānapāyāt . kartā tu pramādyan aprayojyaṃ prayuṃjānaḥ, prayojyamaprayuṃjāno vā nigrahamarhati . prāyeṇa cātattvavādino nigṛhyā bhavanti ..

2.8.182

tattvavādyapi kadācana jalpe vitaṇḍāyāṃ vā samyaksādhanamapyapadiśya prativādipratipāditadūṣaṇābhāsanirākaraṇasaraṇimanuguṇāmapaśyan nigṛhyata eva . ata eva ca—bhāṣyakṛtoktam—tattvavādinamatattvavādinaṃ cābhiplavante nigrahasthānāni nyā-bhā-5-2-1 iti . asamāsakaraṇamaneka nigrahasthānabhedāvarodhārtham ..

2.8.183

ata evānantaramāha—

2.8.184

tadvikalpājjātinigrahasthānabahutvam .. 1-2-61 ..

2.8.185

taditi sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānasya, vipratipattyapratipattyośca parāmarśaḥ . nānākalpo vikalpaḥ—prakārabheda ityarthaḥ . sādharmya vaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānaprakārasya bahutvāt jātibahutvam . tadvyākhyātam . vipratipattyapratipattiprakārabahutvānnigrahasthānabahutvam ..

2.8.186

taddvāviṃśatidhā vibhajya daśaṃyati—

2.8.187

pratijñāhāniḥ pratijñāntaraṃ pratijñāvirodhaḥ pratijñāsannyāsaḥ hetvantaramarthāntaraṃ nirarthakamavijñātārthakamapārthakamaprāptakālaṃ nyūnamadhikaṃ punaruktamananubhāṣaṇamajñānamapratibhā vikṣepo matānujñā paryanuyojyopekṣaṇaṃ niranuyojyānuyogo'pasiddhānto hetvābhāsāśca nigrahasthānāni .. 5-2-1 ..

2.8.188

atra ananubhāṣaṇam, ajñānam, apratibhā, vikṣepaḥ, paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam —iti apratipattyā saṅgṛhītāni; śeṣāṇi vipratipattyā . punaruktam, adhikam ityasamāsakaraṇena vipratipattyaiva vābhimatam . kimasamāsakliṣṭakalpanayā . sā'pi hi kutsitaiva pratipattiḥ, yat punaruktam, adhikaṃ vā prayujyata iti . asaṅkīrṇodāharaṇavivakṣayā ca dvāviṃśatibhedasaṅkīrtanam . avāntarabhedaistu jātivadānantyameva teṣāmiti ..

2.8.189

atra kīrtirāha—dvāviṃśatidhā nigrahasthānāni vibhajyante . teṣāṃ ca pratipadamidānīṃ viśeṣalakṣaṇāni varṇyanta iti na mṛṣyāmahe . kutaḥ—

2.8.190

asādhanāṅgavacanam adoṣodbhāvanaṃ dvayoḥ .
nigrahasthānamanyattu na yuktamiti neṣyate ..

2.8.191

vādinā siṣādhayiṣitapakṣasiddhaye sādhanamabhidheyam . sa cedasādhanāṅgaṃ brūyāt, nigṛhyeta . prativādinā'pi vādyukte sādhane dūṣaṇamudbhāvanīyam . sa cedadoṣameva doṣatvenodbhāvayet, nigṛhyeta . te eva dvayorvādiprativādinornigrahasthāne . ato'nyathā nigrahakaraṇamanyāyyameva . pratijñāhānyādiṣu tatprabhedeṣu ca pratipadamayuktatāṃ darśayiṣyate . katicchātraśiśupralāpaprāyāṇi nigrahasthānāni nirdiṣṭāni . tādṛṃśi śāstre lakṣyanta iti paramamapratiṣṭhānam ..

2.8.192

atrocyate—saṃkṣepavivakṣayā dve eva nigrahasthāne iti vayamapi kiṃ noktavantaḥ—vipratipattirapratipattiśca nigrahasthānam iti . etacca sāmānyalakṣaṇamakhilabhedasaṅgrahakṣamaṃ bhavati, na bhavaduktam ..

2.8.193

tathā hi—uttarāpratibhānena vādinoranyataraḥ parājīyate, na vā ? na parājīyata iti kathamucyate ? tatkiṃ mūka eva jitvā gacchatu . nigṛhyate cet, kimanenāparāddham, nādoṣa udbhāvitaḥ ..

2.8.194

atha prasajyapratiṣedhenodbhāvanābhāva eva vyākhyāyate, tarhi dūṣaṇābhāsodbhāvanamanumataṃ syāt . atha doṣānudbhāvanamādau vyākhyāya, punaradoṣodbhāvanam āvṛttya paryudāsena varṇyate, hanta tarhi te evaite vipratipattyapratipattī ukte syātām . doṣānudbhāvanamapratipattiḥ, viparītadoṣodbhāvanaṃ vipratipattiḥ ..

2.8.195

evamasādhanāṅgavacanamapi vikalpanīyam . prasajyapratiṣedhavṛttya . sādhanāṅgasyāvacanaṃ cet—seyamapratipattiḥ . paryudāsavṛttyā sādhanāṅgā danyaccet vacanaṃ, seyaṃ vipratipattiḥ . ataḥ śabdāntareṇākṣapādapādebhya eva śikṣitvā, tadeva nigrahasthānadvayamanena ślokadvayena nibaddham, na punarabhinavamalpamapi kiṃcidutprekṣitamiti ..

2.8.196

na ca yathāsaṃkhyaniyamena dvayordve nigrahasthāne varṇanīye, api tu yathā saṃbhavamubhayorapi yathāvasaraṃ tattannigrahasthānamādeṣṭavyam . dvāviṃśatibhedatvaṃ ca nigrahasthānānāmasaṅkīrṇodāharaṇavivakṣayā kathyate, na niyamāyetyuktameva . parasparavisadṛśaṃ ca lakṣaṇameṣāṃ idānīmupadiśyata eva . tatraiva cāyuktatvameṣām, bāliśapralāpakalpatvaṃ vā parākriyata evetyalamatiprasaṅgena ..

Commentaries (1)

Nyāyamañjarīgranthibhaṅga — Cakradhara, Sanskrit

Linked texts (14)

Text of the Tokyo Indology Student Team — Sanskrit
Nyāyasūtra — Akṣapāda Gautama, Sanskrit
Vādanyāya (ed. M. T. Much, Wien 1991 (input by Motoi Ono)) — Sanskrit
Vādanyāya (ed. P P Gokhale) — Sanskrit
Tattvasaṅgraha (ed. Krishnamacharya) — Sanskrit
Kāśikā after the Trivandrum edition (provided by H. Krasser) — Sanskrit
Śrībhāṣya (complete text) — Sanskrit
Nayamayūkhamālikā — Sanskrit
Nyāyapariśiṣṭa — Udayana, Sanskrit
Nyāyakalikā — Jayanta Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit
Nyāyasāra — Bhāsarvajña, Sanskrit
Tārkikarakṣā — Varadarāja, Sanskrit
Ṣaḍdarśanasamuccaya — Haribhadra Sūri, Sanskrit
Utpādasiddhi — Candrasena, Sanskrit