Uttarajjhayana 30

30.1

jahā u pāvagaṃ kammaṃ rāgadosasamajjiyaṃ |
khavei tavasā bhikkhū tamegaggamaṇo suṇa ||

How indeed a monk destroys by austerity evil karma
gathered through attachment and aversion, listen to that with concentrated mind:

30.2

pāṇavahamusāvāyā adattamehuṇapariggahā virao |
rāībhoyaṇavirao jīvo bhavai anāsavo ||

Refraining from killing living beings, untruthful speech,
taking what is not given, sexual intercourse, and possession,
refraining from eating at night, a soul becomes free from influx.

30.3

paṃcasamio tigutto akasāo jiiṃdio |
agāravo ya nissallo jīvo hoi anāsavo ||

Possessing the five circumspections, the three protections, free from passions, senses conquered,
free from haughtiness and free from dart-like stings, a soul becomes free from influx.

30.4

eesiṃ tu vivaccāse rāgaddosasamajjiyaṃ |
jahā khavayai bhikkhū taṃ me egamaṇo suṇa ||

When these are reversed, however, how a monk destroys
what was gathered through attachment and aversion, listen to that from me with single mind:

30.5

jahā mahātalāyassa sanniruddhe jalāgame |
ussiṃcaṇāe tavaṇāe kameṇaṃ sosaṇā bhave ||

Just as in a great reservoir, when the inflow of water is blocked,
by baling out and by heat, drying up occurs gradually,

30.6

evaṃ tu saṃjayassāvi pāvakammanirāsave |
bhavakoḍīsaṃciyaṃ kammaṃ tavasā nijjarijjai ||

So indeed for the restrained one free from the influx of evil karma,
karma accumulated over crores of births is shed through austerity.

30.7

so tavo duviho vutto bāhirabbhaṃtaro tahā |
bāhiro chavviho vutto evamabbhaṃtaro tavo ||

That austerity is said to be twofold: external and likewise internal;
external is said to be of six kinds, and internal austerity is likewise.

30.8

anasanamūnoyariyā bhikkhāyariyā ya rasapariccāo |
kāyakileso saṃlīṇayā ya bajjho tavo hoī ||

Fasting, reduced diet, begging for alms, and abandonment of rich foods,
mortification of the body, and withdrawal: this is external austerity.

30.9

ittiriyā maraṇakāle duvihā anasanā bhave |
ittiriyā sāvakaṃkhā niravakaṃkhā biijjiyā ||

Temporary, and at the time of death: fasting is twofold;
temporary is with desire [to resume life], and the second is free from desire.

30.10

jo so ittariyatavo so samāseṇa chavviho |
seḍhitavo payaratavo ghano ya taha hoi vaggo ya ||

That which is temporary austerity is briefly of six kinds:
series-austerity, expanse-austerity, and likewise cube and square,

30.11

tatto ya vaggavaggo u paṃcamo chaṭṭhao paiṇṇatavo |
manaicchiyacittattho nāyavvo hoi ittario ||

And then cube-cube is the fifth, and the sixth is miscellaneous austerity;
that which has a purpose conceived in one's mind should be known as temporary.

30.12

jā sā anasanā maraṇe duvihā sā viyāhiyā |
saviyāraaviyārā kāyaciṭṭhaṃ paī bhave ||

That which is fasting at death is expounded as twofold:
with motion and without motion, with regard to bodily posture.

Fasting is of two kinds: a. itvara, temporary, and b. maranakâla, fasting which precedes, and ends with death. Temporary fasting is either such in which a desire (for food) is present, or such in which no such desire exists.

30.13

ahavā saparikammā aparikammā ya āhiyā |
nīhārimanīhārī āhāraccheo ya dosu vi ||

Or it is declared as with assistance and without assistance;
moving outside and not moving outside; and cessation of food applies to both.

30.14

omoyariyaṃ paṃcahā samāseṇa viyāhiyaṃ |
davvao khettakāleṇaṃ bhāveṇaṃ pajjavehi ya ||

Reduced diet is briefly expounded in five ways:
by substance, by place, by time, by mental state, and by modifications.

Abstinence is briefly of five kinds: with regard to a. substance; b. place; c. time; d. state of mind; e. development.

30.15

jo jassa u āhāro tatto omaṃ tu jo kare |
jahanneṇegasitthāī evaṃ davveṇa ū bhave ||

Whatever someone's food is, he who makes it less than that,
down to a single mouthful: thus it is by substance.

30.16

gāme nagare taha rāyahāni-nigame ya āgare pallī |
kheḍe kabbaḍadoṇamuha-paṭṭaṇamaḍaṃbasaṃbāhe ||

In a village, town, royal capital, market town, mine, hamlet,
small town, isolated village, port at a river mouth, harbor, hamlet of five hundred houses, or crowded settlement,

30.17

āsamapae vihāre sannivese samāyaghose ya |
thaliseṇākhaṃdhāre satthe saṃvaṭṭakoṭṭe ya ||

In a hermitage, monastery, resting place, cowherd station,
military camp, caravan camp, or encircled fort,

30.18

vāḍesu va racchāsu va gharesu vā evamittiyaṃ khettaṃ |
kappai u evamāī evaṃ khetteṇa ū bhave ||

In enclosures or in streets or in houses, such a space
is determined, and the like: thus it is by place.

30.19

peḍā ya addhapeḍā gomuttipayaṃgavīhiyā ceva |
saṃbukkāvaṭṭāyayagaṃtu paccāgayā chaṭṭhā ||

A round basket, half-basket, cow-urine stream, locust line,
conch-coil, and continuous going and returning is the sixth.

pêtâ, 2. ardhapêtâ, 3. gômûtrikâ, 4. pataṅgavîthikâ, 5. sambûkâvartta, 6. âyatam-gatvâ-pratyâgata.

30.20

divasassa porusīṇaṃ cauṇhaṃ pi u jattio bhave kāle |
evaṃ caramāṇo khalu kālomāṇaṃ muṇeyavvo ||

Whatever time there is of the four quarters of the day,
observing thus, indeed, he should know the reduction in time.

30.21

ahavā taiyāe porisīe ūṇāi ghāsamesaṃto |
caubhāgūṇāe vā evaṃ kāleṇa ū bhave ||

Or seeking food less than the third quarter,
or less by a fourth part: thus it is by time.

30.22

itthī vā puriso vā alaṃkio vāṇalaṃkio vā vi |
annayaravayattho vā annayareṇaṃ va vattheṇaṃ ||

A woman or a man, adorned or unadorned,
of a certain age, or in a certain garment:

30.23

anneṇaṃ viseseṇaṃ vanneṇaṃ bhāvamanumuyaṃte u |
evaṃ caramāṇo khalu bhāvomāṇaṃ muneyavvo ||

Or by some other particular [mark], / [or] by appearance, approving an inner disposition;
practicing thus, indeed, / he should be known as deficient in disposition.

30.24

davve khette kāle bhāvammi ya āhiyā u je bhāvā |
eehiṃ omacarao pajjavacarao bhave bhikkhū ||

The conditions declared / in substance, place, time, and disposition—
practicing deficiency in these, / a monk becomes one who practices deficiency in modifications.

30.25

aṭṭhavihagoyaraggaṃ tu tahā satteva esaṇā |
abhiggahā ya je anne bhikkhāyariyamāhiyā ||

The eightfold alms-seeking, / and likewise the seven kinds of seeking,
and whatever other resolutions / are declared concerning begging for alms;

With regard to collecting alms there are the eight principal ways how to collect them; the seven êshanâs (or modes of begging) and other self-imposed restrictions.

30.26

khīradahisappimāī paṇīyaṃ pānabhoyaṇaṃ |
parivajjaṇaṃ rasāṇaṃ tu bhaṇiyaṃ rasavivajjaṇaṃ ||

Milk, curds, ghee, and the like, / rich food and drink—
abstaining from tasty foods / is declared to be renunciation of delicacies.

Abstention from dainty food means abstention from such highly nourishing food and drink as milk, curds, ghee, &c.

30.27

ṭhāṇā vīrāsaṇāīyā jīvassa u suhāvahā |
uggā jahā dharijjaṃti kāyakilesaṃ tamāhiyaṃ ||

Postures such as the hero's posture, / which bring welfare to the soul,
when practiced severely— / that is declared to be mortification of the body.

Mortification of the flesh consists in the different postures as Virâsana, &c., which benefit the soul, and which are difficult to perform.

30.28

egaṃtamaṇāvāe itthīpasuvivajjie |
sayanāsanasevaṇayā vivittasayanāsanaṃ ||

In a secluded place, free from disturbance, / devoid of women and animals—
resorting to a sleeping place and seat [there] / is solitary lodging.

Using unfrequented lodgings and beds consists in living and sleeping in separate and unfrequented places where there are neither women nor cattle.

30.29

eso bāhiragatavo samāseṇa viyāhio |
abbhiṃtaraṃ tavaṃ etto vucchāmi anupuvvaso ||

This is external austerity, / explained in brief.
Henceforth I shall declare internal austerity / in proper order.

30.30

pāyacchittaṃ vinao veyāvaccaṃ taheva sajjhāo |
jjhāṇaṃ ca viussaggo eso abbhiṃtaro tavo ||

Expiation, discipline, / service, and likewise study,
meditation, and abandonment of the body— / this is internal austerity.

Internal austerities are:
prâyaskitta, expiation of sins;
vinaya, politeness;
vaiyâvritya, serving the Guru;
svâdhyâya, study;
dhyâna, meditation;
vyutsarga, abandoning of the body.

30.31

āloyaṇārihāīyaṃ pāyacchittaṃ tu dasavihaṃ |
je bhikkhū vahaī sammaṃ pāyacchittaṃ tamāhiyaṃ ||

Expiation, beginning with confession, / is tenfold;
when a monk practices it properly, / that is declared to be expiation.

Expiation of sins is tenfold, what must be confessed, &c.; this is to be strictly observed by a monk; this is called expiation of sins.

30.32

abbhuṭṭhāṇaṃ aṃjalikaraṇaṃ tahevāsanadāyaṇaṃ |
gurubhattibhāvasussūsā vinao esa viyāhio ||

Rising to greet, folding the hands, / and likewise offering a seat,
devotion to the preceptor and attendance— / this is explained as discipline.

30.33

āyariyamāiyammi ya veyāvaccammi dasavihe |
āsevanaṃ jahāthāmaṃ veyāvaccaṃ tamāhiyaṃ ||

Service is tenfold, / toward the ācārya and others;
practicing it according to one's capacity / is declared to be service.

There are ten kinds of service, as serving the Âkârya, &c.; doing service consists in giving one's assistance as well as one is able.

30.34

vāyaṇā pucchaṇā ceva taheva pariyaṭṭaṇā |
anuppehā dhammakahā sajjhāo paṃcahā bhave ||

Teaching, questioning, / and likewise recitation,
reflection, and discourse on Dharma— / study is fivefold.

Study is fivefold: 1. saying or learning one's lesson; 2. (questioning the teacher about it); 3. repetition; 4. pondering; 5. religious discourse.

30.35

aṭṭaruddāṇi vajjittā jjhāejjā susamāhie |
dhammasukkāiṃ jjhāṇāiṃ jjhāṇaṃ taṃ tu buhā vae ||

Abandoning mournful and cruel thoughts, / well-composed, one should meditate
on virtuous and pure meditations; / that indeed the wise call meditation.

30.36

sayanāsanaṭhāṇe vā je u bhikkhū na vāvare |
kāyassa viussaggo chaṭṭho so parikittio ||

When a monk does not move / in lying down, sitting, or standing,
that is abandonment of the body, / proclaimed as the sixth [austerity].

If a monk remains motionless when lying down, sitting, or standing upright, this is called abandoning of the body, which is the sixth kind (of internal austerities).

30.37

eyaṃ tavaṃ tu duvihaṃ je sammaṃ āyare munī |
se khippaṃ savvasaṃsārā vippamuccai paṃḍie || –tti bemi ||

A wise sage who properly practices / this twofold austerity
is swiftly liberated / from all cycle of rebirth. — Thus I say.