The Compendium of Kāśyapa 8.3

8.3.1

bhaiṣajyopakramaṇīyastṛtīyādhyāyaḥ
athāto bhaiṣajyopakramaṇīyamadhyāyaṃ vyākhyāsyāmaḥ

Now we shall explain the chapter on the procedure for medicaments.

8.3.2

iti ha smāha bhagavān kaśyapaḥ

Thus spoke the venerable Kaśyapa.

8.3.3

brāhmayā śriyā prajvalantaṃ brahmarṣimamitadyutim
kaśyapaṃ lokakartāraṃ bhārgavaḥ paripṛcchati

Blazing with sacred splendour, the brāhmaṇa seer of boundless radiance, / Kaśyapa, maker of the world, Bhārgava asks:

8.3.4

ābādhakāraṇaṃ vyādhirbheṣajaṃ sukhakāraṇam
samyagyuktaṃ tadamṛtaṃ syāttadanyadviṣavadbhavet

Disease is the cause of suffering, a medicament is the cause of ease; / properly applied, it is nectar; applied otherwise, it becomes like poison.

8.3.5

bheṣajopakramaṃ tasmādbhagavan vattuṣmarhasi
auṣadhaṃ kimadhiṣṭhānaṃ kathaṃ cāsyopadiśyate
auṣadhajñauṣadhatvaṃ ca bheṣajatvamathāpi ca

Therefore, O Venerable One, you should declare the procedure of medicaments: / What is the substrate of medicine, and how are the nature of medicine,

8.3.6

bhaiṣajyatvāgadatvaṃ ca kaṣāyatvaṃ tathaiva ca
yathā ca gauṇyena rasā dravye dravye vyavasthitāḥ

the status of being a knower of medicine, the nature of a medicament, the status of therapy, the quality of an antidote, and also the nature of a decoction taught? / And how are the tastes located secondarily in each substance,

8.3.7

prādhānyena yathā dṛṣṭo madhuke madhuro rasaḥ
amlaḥ kapitthe lavaṇaḥ saindhave nāgare kaṭuḥ

just as the sweet taste is seen by primacy in licorice, / sour in wood apple, salty in rock salt, pungent in dry ginger,

8.3.8

tiktastiktakarohiṇyāṃ kaṣāyaścābhayāṃ prati
satyevaṃ rasanānātve saṃyogaḥ sarva eva hi

bitter in bitter-rohiṇī, and astringent with respect to chebulic myrobalan? / Since there is thus diversity of tastes, why is every combination whatsoever

8.3.9

kaṣāyatvena nirdiṣṭaḥ kutaḥ kiṃ cātra kāraṇam
kati ke cauṣadhaguṇā bhedāścāsya kati smṛtāḥ

designated as a decoction? What is the reason here? / How many and what are the qualities of medicine, and how many are its divisions said to be?

8.3.10

kati cauṣadhakālāśca kāle kāle ca ko vidhiḥ
kasthāṃ kasyāmavasthāyāṃ pātavyaṃ bheṣajaṃ na vā

In what and what stage should a medicament be drunk, or not drunk?

8.3.11

kathaṃ ca peyaṃ pītasya parihāryaṃ ca kiṃ bhavet
jīryamāṇasya kiṃ rūpaṃ kiṃ ca jīrṇasya lakṣaṇam

And how should it be drunk? What must be avoided by one who has drunk it? / What is the sign while it is being digested, and what is the characteristic when it has been digested?

8.3.12

vibhajya vayasastritvaṃ kathaṃ mātrā vidhīyate
adhobhāgordhvabhāgānāṃ doṣasaṃśamanī ca yā

Dividing the three stages of life, how is the dosage prescribed / for downwards-clearing, upwards-clearing, and for that which pacifies the humours;

8.3.13

jīvanīyā ca yā mātrā dīpanīyā ca yā smṛtā
mātrā saṃśodhanī yā ca snehamātrā ca yā bhavet

and what dosage is promoting vitality, what dosage is considered stimulating digestive fire, / what dosage is purifying, and what would be the dosage of unctuous substance?

8.3.14

sarvametadyathātattvaṃ kīrtayasva mahāmune
jātamātramupādāya yāvadvarṣaśataṃ param

Proclaim all this in accordance with reality, O great sage, / beginning from one newly born up to an utmost hundred years."

8.3.15

iti śuśrūṣamāṇāya śiṣyāya vadatāṃvaraḥ
ācacakṣe yathānyāyaṃ bhaiṣajyopakramaṃ prati

To the disciple desiring to hear, the best of speakers
explained properly regarding the application of medicine:

8.3.16

ayaṃ heturidaṃ liṅgamasya cāyamupakramaḥ
iti tāvat paraṃ sūkṣmaṃ vyādhijñānaṃ pracakṣate

"‘This is the cause, this is the symptom, and this is its treatment’— / thus indeed is the utmost subtle knowledge of disease proclaimed.

8.3.17

asmādapyauṣadhajñānamāhuḥ sūkṣmataraṃ budhāḥ
tadahaṃ te'bhidhāsyāmi kārtsnyenaiva nibodha me

Even subtler than this, the wise declare the knowledge of medicaments to be; / that I will explain to you in its entirety; listen to me.

8.3.18

pathyasevinamārogyaṃ guṇena bhajate naram
apathyasevinaṃ kṣipraṃ rogaḥ samabhimardati

Health, by virtue of its quality, attends the person who follows wholesome regimen; / disease swiftly overpowers one who follows unwholesome regimen.

8.3.19

sa rogo dvividhaścoktaḥ śārīro mānasastathā
ādhayo mānasāstatra śārīrā vyādhayaḥ smṛtāḥ

That disease is declared twofold: bodily and mental. / Mental afflictions are termed mental [distresses], whereas bodily ones are recorded as illnesses.

8.3.20

sādhyo'sādhyaśca yāpyaśca trividhaṃ rogalakṣaṇam
vātapittakaphā doṣāḥ śārīravyādhihetavaḥ

Curable, incurable, and manageable—such are the three kinds of characteristics of disease. / The humours vāta, pitta, and kapha are the causes of bodily diseases,

8.3.21

sattvetaraṃ ca dvandve ca mānasāmayahetavaḥ
dhṛtivīryasmṛtijñānavijñānairmānasaṃ jayet

and the other [qualities] than sattva in pairs are the causes of mental diseases. / One should overcome a mental [illness] by resolve, courage, memory, knowledge, and discernment;

8.3.22

śārīraṃ bheṣajaiḥ kālayuktidaivavyapāśrayaiḥ
sa punardvividho vyādhirāganturnija eva ca

a bodily one, by medicaments reliant on time, rational application, and the divine. / Moreover, that disease is twofold: exogenous and endogenous.

8.3.23

āganturbādhate pūrvaṃ paścāddoṣān prapadyate
nijastu cīyate pūrvaṃ paścādvṛddhaḥ prabādhate

The exogenous afflicts first and approaches the humours afterwards; / but the endogenous accumulates first and torments after having increased.

8.3.24

tasmādāganturogāṇāṃ paśyanti nijavat kriyāḥ
nijānāṃ pūrvarūpāṇi dṛṣṭvā saṃśodhanaṃ hitam

Therefore, regarding exogenous diseases, they consider the treatments like those for endogenous ones; / observing the premonitory symptoms of endogenous ones, purification is beneficial.

8.3.25

saṃśodhanaṃ saptavidhaṃ tadāyattaṃ cikitsitam
taccāyattaṃ catuṣpāde pādaścauṣadhamucyate

Purification is sevenfold; treatment depends on it. / And that depends on the four limbs [of treatment], and the medicament is called a limb.

8.3.26

oṣadhaṃ yuktyadhiṣṭhānaṃ daivādhiṣṭhānameva ca
yuktirvamanakarmādi daivaṃ yāgādi kīrtyate

A medicament has rational application as its basis and divine power as its basis: / rational application is emetic therapy and the like; divine power is proclaimed as sacrifice and the like.

8.3.27

oso nāma rasaḥ so'syāṃ dhīyate yattadoṣadhiḥ
osādārogyamādhatte tasmādoṣadhiroṣadhaḥ

‘Osa’ indeed means juice; because it is placed (dhīyate) in this, it is an oṣadhi (herb); / from the juice it produces health; therefore an oṣadhi is an oṣadha (medicament).

8.3.28

bhiṣagvijñānaneyatvādbheṣajaṃ bhiṣajo viduḥ
bhiṣagjite hitatvācca bhaiṣajyaṃ paricakṣate

Because it is directed by the physician's discernment, physicians know it as bheṣaja; / and because it is beneficial in what is cured by a physician, it is designated bhaiṣajya.

8.3.29

agadatvaṃ ca yuktasya gadānāmapunarbhavāt
kaṇṭhasya kaṣāṇāt prāyo rogāṇāṃ vā'pi karṣaṇāt

Its nature as an agada (antidote) arises from diseases not recurring when it is applied. / Because it scrapes (kaṣaṇa) the throat, or generally because it extracts diseases,

8.3.30

kaṣāyaśabdaḥ prādhānyāt sarvayogeṣu kalpyate
śabdarūparasasparśagandhavaddeśajaṃ navam

the word ‘kaṣāya’ (decoction) is applied primarily to all formulations. / Endowed with sound, form, taste, touch, and smell, grown in its proper region, fresh,

8.3.31

ajagdhamavidagdhaṃ ca dravyaṃ guṇavaducyate
mātrāvallaghupākaṃ ca hṛdyaṃ doṣapravāhaṇam

uncropped by insects, and unburnt—such a substance is declared endowed with virtues. / Administered in proper dose, light in digestion and transformation, agreeable to the heart, evacuating humours,

8.3.32

alpapeyaṃ mahāvīryaṃ prīṇanaṃ balarakṣaṇam
vyāpattāvalpadoṣaṃ ca mandaglāpanameva ca

to be drunk in small amounts, of great potency, gratifying, preserving strength, / of minor defect in complication, and causing only slight weariness,

8.3.33

saṃskāraguṇasaṃpannaṃ rājārhaṃ bheṣajaṃ matam
taddhi siddhamasiddhaṃ ca śītamuṣṇaṃ dravaṃ ghanam

endowed with the qualities of processing, a medicament is considered fit for a king. / For it may be cooked or uncooked, cold, hot, liquid, solid,

8.3.34

koṣṇaṃ sasnehamasnehamiti bhinnamanekadhā
tadāmayavayobhedāt saptadhaiva vibhajyate

lukewarm, with unctuous substance, or without unctuous substance—thus diverse in many ways. / According to the distinctions of disease and age, it is divided into seven kinds:

8.3.35

cūrṇaṃ śītakaṣāyaśca svaraso'bhiṣavastathā
phāṇṭaḥ kalkastathā kvātho yathāvattaṃ nibodha me

powder, cold infusion, fresh juice, fermented juice, / hot infusion, paste, and decoction. Understand them properly from me.

8.3.36

sūkṣmacūrṇīkṛtaṃ cūrṇaṃ nānākarmasu yujyate
grahaṇyāmavikāreṣu braṇavatyañjanādiṣu

A powder, reduced to fine particles, is employed in various procedures: / in disorders of the digestive tract, in conditions with ulcers, in collyria and the like.

8.3.37

śītaḥ śītakaṣāyaḥ syādantarikṣāmbusaṃplutaḥ
sa pittajvaradāhāsṛgviṣamūrcchāmadāpahaḥ

A cold infusion should be cold, soaked in rainwater; / it removes pitta-fever, burning sensation, bleeding, poison, fainting, and intoxication.

8.3.38

tadvadeva niśāvyuṣṭo'bhiṣavaḥ sādhu sādhitaḥ
praśāntāgnibalakṣobhaḥ saumyaḥ svarasasaṅgataḥ

Likewise, an abhiṣava (fermented extract) left overnight, properly prepared, / calms the agitation of the digestive fire and strength, is gentle, and matches fresh juice.

8.3.39

drākṣekṣvāmalakādīnāṃ pīḍanāt svarasaḥ smṛtaḥ
sa saṃśamanasaṃyoge nānārogeṣu kalpate

The fresh juice is recognized from pressing grapes, sugarcane, āmalaka, and the like; / in combination for pacification, it is prescribed in various diseases.

8.3.40

kvathitastvāntarikṣeṇa vāriṇā'rdhāvaśeṣitaḥ
sakṛdvā phāṇitaḥ phenaṃ kaṣāyaḥ phāṇṭa ucyate

Boiled with rainwater and reduced to half, / or skimmed of foam just once, that infusion is called phāṇṭa (hot infusion).

8.3.41

so'lpadoṣabale bāle laghuvyādhau ca śasyate
kalkaḥ kalkīkṛto yojyaḥ pānalepāvalehane

That is recommended in a child with mild humour-strength and in mild disease. / A paste, having been made into a paste, is to be applied in drinks, ointments, and electuaries.

8.3.42

kevaladravyapeyatvādvikārṣī durjaraśca saḥ
pādasthito bhavet kvātho yukto'bahvagnitejasā

Because it is drunk as the pure substance, it is depleting and hard to digest. / A decoction should be reduced to a quarter, prepared with moderate fire-heat;

8.3.43

sa vayobalasaṃpanne guruvyādhau ca śasyate
saptadhaivaṃ vibhajyaitaddaśadhā pravicārayet
pūrvaṃ bhaktasya madhye'dhaḥ samudgaṃ samuhurmuhuḥ

it is recommended for one endowed with age and strength and in a severe disease. / Having divided it thus into seven, one should consider it in ten ways: / before a meal, in the middle of it, below it, between two meals, repeatedly,

8.3.44

sabhaktaṃ bhaktayormadhye grāsagrāsāntare paraḥ
pūrvaṃ bhaktasya bhaiṣajyaṃ na karoti balakṣayam

with a meal, between two meals, with every morsel, and between morsels. / Medicine [taken] before a meal does not cause loss of strength;

8.3.45

āmāśayagatān doṣānnihantyāśu ca pacyate
annasaṃstambhite dehe cchardyudgāravyathādayaḥ

it destroys humours located in the stomach and is swiftly digested. / When the body is supported by food, vomiting, belching, distress, and the like

8.3.46

na bhavanti yatastasmāttaddeyaṃ durbalīyase
madhyebhaktaṃ hyubhayato ruddhamannena bheṣajam

do not occur; therefore, that is to be given to one who is rather weak. / For a medicament [taken] in the middle of a meal, enclosed on both sides by food,

8.3.47

tadantarāśaye doṣān sukhenaiva niyacchati
śamayatyāśvadho bhaktamuraḥkaṇṭhaśirogadān

easily controls the humours in the middle visceral cavity. / Taken after a meal, it quickly pacifies diseases of the chest, throat, and head;

8.3.48

vyatyāsena ca sāmudgaṃ doṣe tūrdhvamadhogate
muhurmuhuḥ śvāsakāsahikkātṛṭchardiśāntaye

and enclosed [before and after meals] alternately, when the humour has gone upward and downward; / repeatedly for the pacification of asthma, cough, hiccups, thirst, and vomiting.

8.3.49

hitaṃ balāgnirakṣārthaṃ sabhaktaṃ durbalātmanām
strībālavṛddhalalitakṣatakṣīṇauṣadhadviṣām

Mixed with food, it is beneficial for preserving strength and digestive fire in weak individuals, / in women, children, the elderly, delicate persons, the wounded and emaciated, and medicine-haters.

8.3.50

vyādhau mande'nale tīkṣṇe bhaktayormadhya iṣyate
kṣīṇakṣīṇālpaśukrāṇāṃ vājīkaraṇamauṣadham

When the disease is mild and the digestive fire is sharp, [administration] between two meals is desired. / For those whose semen is wasted, depleted, or scanty, an aphrodisiac medicament;

8.3.51

grāse vidheyaṃ cūrṇaṃ ca yadagnibalavardhanam
grāsāntare cchardanīyaṃ dhūmapānaṃ ca śasyate

and a powder which increases the strength of the digestive fire should be administered with a morsel. / Between morsels, an emetic is recommended, and the smoking of medicinal smoke.

8.3.52

abhaktamauṣadhaṃ pītaṃ vyādhimāśu balīyasām
hanyāttadeveha balaṃ balavaddurbalīyasām

Medicament drunk without food swiftly destroys disease in strong persons; / that very same [administration] here forcefully destroys the strength of weak persons.

8.3.53

etānauṣadhakālāṃstu vibhajeddaśadhā daśa
kṣīṇadhātvindriye śānte klānte tānte bubhukṣite

One should divide these ten times of administering medicine into ten. / In one whose bodily tissues and sense faculties are depleted, who is weary, exhausted, afflicted, and hungry;

8.3.54

bhaiṣajyadagdhakoṣṭhe ca bheṣajaṃ nāvacārayet
kruddhe viṣaṇṇe śokārte rātrau jāgarite tathā

and in one whose digestive tract is scorched by medicine, one should not administer a medicament. / In one who is angry, despondent, afflicted by grief, or has stayed awake at night,

8.3.55

vidagdhājīrṇabhakte ca bheṣajaṃ nāvacārayet
karmātibhārābhihate nirūḍhe sānuvāsite

and in one whose meal is incompletely digested and fermenting, one should not administer a medicament. / In one struck down by excessive physical exertion, in one given non-unctuous enema, or unctuous enema,

8.3.56

upoṣite virikte ca bheṣajaṃ nāvacārayet
yatkiñcidapyupāttānne mūrcchite gharmatāpite

in one who has fasted, and in one who has been purged, one should not administer a medicament. / In one who has consumed even a little food, in one who has fainted, in one heated by the sun,

8.3.57

sadyaḥ pītodake caiva bheṣajaṃ nāvacārayet
avasthāviparītaṃ ca bheṣajaṃ nāvacārayet

and in one who has just drunk water, one should not administer a medicament. / And one should not administer a medicament contrary to the stage [of illness].

8.3.58

ūnadvādaśavarṣāṇāṃ naikāntenāvacārayet
avacāritamekāntenāhanyahani cauṣadham

For those under twelve years of age, one should not administer it continuously. / Medicament administered continuously, day after day,

8.3.59

asamatvāgataprāṇadoṣadhātubalaujasām
atyantasukumārāṇāṃ kumārāṇāṃ balāyuṣī

[destroys] the strength and lifespan of children who are extremely delicate, / whose life-breath, humours, bodily tissues, strength, and vital essence have not attained equilibrium.

8.3.60

kṣīṇātivṛddhakruddhānāṃ kṣīṇadhātvindriyaujasām
ekāntenauṣadhaṃ pītaṃ sūryastoyamivālpakam

In those who are emaciated, very aged, angry, and whose bodily tissues, sense faculties, and vital essence are depleted, / medicament drunk continuously [dries them up] like the sun dries up a small amount of water.

8.3.61

vyādhidoṣabalāgnibhyo hīnaṃ tebhyo'dhikaṃ ca yat
ajijñāsitapūrvaṃ ca guṇaiścoktairvivarjitam

That which is less than or greater than the disease, the humours, the strength, and the digestive fire, / that which was not previously investigated, and that which is devoid of the stated virtues,

8.3.62

arogasātmyaṃ duryuktamaniṣṭaṃ manasaśca yat
yasya pītasya pākānte doṣaḥ sūkṣmo'pi lakṣyate

that which is unwholesome for the disease, improperly administered, and disliked by the mind, / after the digestion and transformation of which, when drunk, even a minute defect is observed—

8.3.63

vyādheśca praśamo na syāttacca varjyaṃ vijānatā
yannāturabalaṃ hanti vyādhivīryaṃ nihanti ca

and does not bring about the alleviation of the disease, that should be avoided by a discerning [physician]. / That which does not destroy the patient's strength but destroys the disease's power,

8.3.64

tadevāsyāvacāryaṃ syādāvyādhyucchedadarśanāt
kāmaṃ vyādhau praśānte'pi śamadānācchamauṣadham

that alone should be administered to him, until the eradication of the disease is seen. / Even when the disease has subsided, if desired, a pacifying medicament is given as a pacifying administration;

8.3.65

tadevālpaṃ vidhātavyaṃ sakṛd dvistriryathābalam
puṇye'hani namasyādau devadvijabhiṣaggurūn

that very same [medicament] should be prescribed in a small quantity, once, twice, or thrice according to [the patient's] strength. / On an auspicious day, having first paid homage to the gods, the twice-born, the physician, and the gurus,

8.3.66

pūrvāhṇe prāṅmukhāyāsmai sukhāsīnāya sādhave
bubhūṣamāṇāya bhiṣaṅmantravadbheṣajaṃ śuciḥ

in the forenoon, to this virtuous [patient] seated comfortably, facing east, / wishing to thrive, the pure physician, chanting a mantra over the medicament,

8.3.67

idaṃ hanta piba ceti saṃprayacchedudaṅmukhaḥ
aticaṅkramaṇatthānaśayanāsanabhāṣaṇam

should offer it while facing north, saying, "Here, drink this!" / Excessive walking about, standing, lying down, sitting, and talking;

8.3.68

krodhaśokadivāsvapnaviruddhānnahimātapān
pītauṣadho na seveta tathā strīvegadhāraṇam

anger, grief, daytime sleep, incompatible food, cold, and sunshine— / having drunk the medicine, one should not indulge in these, nor in women, nor in suppression of natural urges.

8.3.69

vijṛmbhāḥ śabdavidveṣo mukhaśoṣo'ratiḥ klamaḥ
tandrīrudveṣṭanaṃ sādo liṅge jīryati bheṣaje

Yawning, aversion to sound, dryness of the mouth, restlessness, exhaustion, / drowsiness, twisting cramps, and debility are the signs when the medicament is being digested.

8.3.70

sṛṣṭirviṇmūtravātānāṃ śarīrasya ca lāghavam
udgāraśuddhirvaiśadyaṃ vaimalyaṃ hṛdayasya ca

Discharge of stool, urine, and flatus; lightness of the body; / purity of belching; clarity and clean feeling in the heart;

8.3.71

prakāṅkṣā kukṣiśaithilyamannakālasya lakṣaṇam
vayastridhā vibhajyādau mātrā vakṣyāmyataḥ param

appetite, and laxity of the belly are the signs of the proper time for eating. / Having first divided age into three stages, I shall henceforth declare the dosage [of medicament].

8.3.72

garbhabālakumārākhyamityetattrividhaṃ vayaḥ
yauvanaṃ madhyamaṃ vṛddhametacca trividhaṃ punaḥ

Known as embryo, infant, and child: such is the three-fold [early] age. / Youth, middle age, and old age: this again is three-fold.

8.3.73

varṣāvaraḥ kṣīrapaḥ syādyāvat pibati vā payaḥ
vayastadbālamasmācca yāvat ṣoḍaśavārṣikaḥ

Under one year [of age] he is a milk-drinker, or as long as he drinks milk; / that age is childhood, and from this up to sixteen years of age

8.3.74

annādaḥ sarva eva syāt kaumāre vayasi sthitaḥ
ataḥ paraṃ dhātusattvabalavīryaparākramaiḥ

he is purely a grain-eater, remaining in the stage of boyhood. / Thereafter, with bodily tissues, mental vigor, strength, potency, and prowess

8.3.75

vardhamānaiścatustriṃśadyuvā varṣāṇyudarkataḥ
dhātvādibhiḥ sthirībhūtairyāvadāsaptatirnaraḥ

increasing up to thirty-four years, one is a youth; thereafter, / with bodily tissues and the rest stabilized up to seventy, a man

8.3.76

madhyo dhātvādibhiḥ paścāt kṣīyamāṇairyathākramam
vṛddho bhavati mandātmā pravṛttiryāvadāyuṣaḥ

is middle-aged; thereafter, with bodily tissues and the rest declining in succession, / he becomes an old man, weakened in spirit, for as long as life proceeds.

8.3.77

vikalpanā'nyā vṛddhasya tasya ṣoḍaśavārṣikī
bhavedbheṣajamātrā tu kṣīyamāṇottarottarā

Another consideration for an old man is that his dosage of medicament / should be like that of a sixteen-year-old, diminishing progressively.

8.3.78

śatike śatādhike vā'pi kṣīrānnādavadiṣyate
jātamātrasya mātrā syāt sarpiṣkolāsthisaṃmitā

For an infant of one hundred [days] or more than a hundred, it is prescribed like for one who eats milk and food. / For the newborn, the dose of clarified butter should be equal [in size] to a jujube stone.

8.3.79

pañcarātraṃ bhavedyāvaddaśāhamadhikaṃ tataḥ
kolārdhasaṃmitaṃ yāvadvieśadrātramataḥ param

Let it be [thus] until five nights; after that, until ten days, / equal to half a jujube; after that, until twenty nights,

8.3.80

kolamātraṃ bhavedyāvanmāsaṃ māsadvaye'dhikam
dvikolasaṃmitaṃ sarpistṛtīye māsi śasyate

it should be the measure of a jujube; until a month [and] in the second month increased / clarified butter equal to two jujubes is recommended in the third month.

8.3.81

śuṣkāmalakamātraṃ tu caturthe māsyudāhṛtam
pañcame māsi ṣaṣṭhe ca hyārdrāmalakasaṃmitam

In the fourth month, it is declared to be the size of a dried āmalaka fruit; / in the fifth and sixth months, indeed equal to a fresh āmalaka fruit.

8.3.82

tadevābhyadhikaṃ kiñcidvihitaṃ saptamāṣṭame
kṣīrānnādasya bālasya prāyeṇāhārasaṃkarāt

Just that, slightly increased, is prescribed in the seventh and eighth [months]. / For an infant consuming milk and food, mostly due to the mixture of foods,

8.3.83

bhavatyaniyato vahniḥ paktau bahvanilātmanaḥ
tasyā'gnyāvekṣikī tasmāt snehamātrā vidhīyate

the digestive fire becomes irregular in digestion, having an excess of vāta. / Therefore, the dose of unctuous substance is prescribed with consideration of his digestive fire.

8.3.84

anādasya tu bhūyiṣṭhaṃ samo bhavati pāvakaḥ
tasyāmalakamātrasya sarpiṣaḥ pānamiṣyate

For one who eats non-cereal foods, however, the digestive fire is mostly balanced. / For him, the drinking of clarified butter in the dose of an āmalaka is desired.

8.3.85

tadevāgnibalaṃ vīkṣya vardhamānasya vardhayet
kṣīrapasya kumārasya kṣīrānnadasya cobhayoḥ

Observing that very strength of the digestive fire, one should increase [the dose] as he grows, / both for the child drinking only milk and for the child consuming milk and food.

8.3.86

deyaṃ snehacaturbhāgaṃ bheṣajasya yathāmayam
ghṛtena pāyayedbālaṃ yāvat syādaṣṭamāsikaḥ

One quarter part of the unctuous substance should be given of the medicament according to the disease. / One should have the child drink with medicated ghee as long as he is eight months old.

8.3.87

māsādato'ṣṭamājjantorjalapiṣṭaṃ pradāpayet
ataḥ paraṃ yathāśāstraṃ kumārasyānnasevinaḥ

After the eighth month, one should give to the creature [the medicine] ground with water. / Henceforward, in accordance with the scriptures, for a child who consumes solid food,

8.3.88

vakṣyāmi vividhāṃ mātrāṃ bheṣajānāṃ vibhāgaśaḥ
mucūṭiṃ vā prakuñcaṃ vā prasṛtaṃ vā'thavāñjalim

I shall explain the various doses of medicaments according to division: / whether a pinch, a handful-capacity (prakuñca), a spread hand (prasṛta), or a cupped hand (añjali),

8.3.89

āturasya pramāṇena sametavyaṃ cikitsite
agraparvāṅguligrāhyā cūrṇamātrā tu pāṇinā

it should be measured by the size of the patient in treatment. / But the dose of powder to be taken by the fingertip joints with the hand

8.3.90

cūrṇānāṃ dīpanīyānāmeṣā mātrā vidhīyate
dviguṇā jīvanīyānāṃ tathā saṃśamanasya ca

is prescribed as the dose of digestive-stimulating powders; / double for vitalising ones, and likewise for pacifying ones.

8.3.91

ūrdhvabhāge tvardhamātrā tathaiva ca virecane
vātapittakaphaghnānāṃ kaṣāye tu pradāpayet

For [drugs acting on] the upper tract, however, it is half the dose, and likewise in purgation. / But in a decoction that destroys vāta, pitta, and kapha, one should give

8.3.92

dvau dāpayeta prasṛtau śarkarāmadhusaṃyutau
prasṛtaṃ chardanīyasya niṣkvāthasya pradāpayet

two prasṛtas mixed with sugar and honey. / One should give one prasṛta of an emetic decoction;

8.3.93

tathā vairecanīyasya prasṛtaṃ nātra saṃśayaḥ
dviguṇāṃ jīvanīyasya tathā saṃśamanasya ca
dīpanīyasya kalkaṃ tu akṣamātraṃ pradāpayet

likewise, one prasṛta of a purgative decoction—there is no doubt here. / Double for a vitalising one, and likewise for a pacifying one; / but one should give a paste of digestive-stimulating herbs measuring an akṣa.

8.3.94

dviguṇaṃ jīvanīyasya tathā saṃśamanasya ca
akṣārdhaṃ chardanīyasya tathā vairecikasya ca

Double for a vitalising one, and likewise for a pacifying one; / half an akṣa for an emetic, and likewise for a purgative.

8.3.95

snehamātrāmato vakṣye vamane savirecane
vamane vamanīyābhiroṣadhībhiḥ susaṃskṛte

Henceforth I shall declare the dose of unctuous substance in emesis along with purgation: / in emesis, well prepared with emetic herbs,

8.3.96

mātrāvattu ghṛtaṃ dadyādvamane kaphasaṃbhave
ardhamātrā bhaveddeyā vireke sarpiṣastathā

one should administer medicated ghee in full dose in an emesis arising from kapha. / Likewise, half the dose of clarified butter should be given in purgation

8.3.97

vairecanairvipakvasya pitte prakupite sati
mātrā'dhaścordhvabhāgā ca ślaiṣmikasya praśasyate

cooked with purgative herbs when pitta is aggravated. / A dose for downward and upward evacuation is commended for a kapha condition

8.3.98

dīpanaiḥ śamanīyaiśca jīvanīyaiśca sādhitam
tathā'pi kupite vāte doṣe pakvāśaye sthite

prepared with digestive-stimulating, pacifying, and vitalising herbs. / Likewise, when vāta is aggravated and the humour is seated in the colon,

8.3.99

kukṣigranthiṣu pārśve ca sakte deyaṃ virecanam
śamanairdīpanīyaiśca pācanīyaiśca sādhitam

obstructed in the knots of the belly and the flanks, purgation should be given / prepared with pacifying, digestive-stimulating, and carminative herbs.

8.3.100

caturbhāgaguṇaṃ dadyānmātrāyāḥ kumbhasarpiṣaḥ
pādārdhahīnaṃ pādonamardhaṃ vā'pi yathākramam

One should give one quarter-measure of the dose of aged clarified butter (kumbhasarpiṣ). / Deficient by half a quarter, by a quarter, or half, respectively,

8.3.101

sarpirvidadyādbāleṣu saṃpradhārya vayobale
niṣkvāthānāṃ sakalkānāṃ cūrṇānāṃ sarpiṣastathā

one should administer clarified butter to children, having considered age and strength: / of decoctions, pastes, powders, and likewise of clarified butter.

8.3.102

ityuktā vividhā mātrā mātrāmūlaṃ cikitsitam
tasmādagnimṛtuṃ sātmyaṃ dehaṃ koṣṭhaṃ vayo balam

Thus the various doses have been spoken; treatment has its root in dosage.
Therefore, having known the digestive fire, season, wholesome adaptation, body, digestive tract, age, strength,

8.3.103

prakṛtiṃ bheṣajaṃ caiva doṣāṇāmudayaṃ vyayam
vijñāyaitadyathoddiṣṭāṃ mātrāṃ samyak prayojayet

constitution, medicament, and the increase and decrease of the humours, / one should properly administer the dose as indicated.

8.3.104

apramattaḥ sadā ca syādbheṣajānāṃ prayojane
oṣadhīrnāmarūpābhyāṃ jānanti vanagocarāḥ

One must always be heedful in the administration of medicaments. / Forest-dwellers know medicinal plants by name and form;

8.3.105

ajapālāśca gopāśca na tu karmaguṇaṃ viduḥ
yogaṃ tu tāsāṃ yogajñā bhiṣajaḥ śāstrakovidāḥ

goatherds and cowherds know them [too], but they do not know their action and properties. / But physicians skilled in the scriptures, knowing formulations, know their combination,

8.3.106

mātrābalavidhānajñā jānate guṇakarma ca
karmajño vā'pyarūpajñastāsāṃ tattvaviducyate

knowing the rules of dose and strength, know their property and action. / Even one who knows their action without knowing their form is called a knower of their true nature;

8.3.107

kiṃ punaryo vijānīyādoṣadhīḥ sarvathā bhiṣak
yathā viṣaṃ yathā śastraṃ yathā'gniraśaniryathā

how much more so a physician who knows medicinal plants in every respect! / Just as poison, as a weapon, as fire, or as a thunderbolt,

8.3.108

tathauṣadhamavijñātaṃ vijñātamamṛtopamam
auṣadhaṃ cāpi duryuktaṃ tīkṣṇaṃ saṃpadyate viṣam

such is a medicine unknown; known, it is like ambrosia. / And even a medicine wrongly applied becomes a virulent poison,

8.3.109

viṣaṃ ca vidhinā yuktaṃ bhaiṣajyāyopakalpate
agniryathā prajvalitaḥ kruddhaścāśīviṣo yathā

and a poison properly applied serves as a medicament. / Just as a blazing fire, and as an enraged venomous snake,

8.3.110

asidhārā yathā tīkṣṇā prabhinno vā'pi kuñjaraḥ
tathauṣadhamasaṃyuktamavaidyenāvacāritam

as a sharp sword's edge, or an elephant in rut, / so is a medicine improper, administered by a non-physician;

8.3.111

viparyayeṇa mātrāyā niruṇaddhyasya jīvitam
dṛṣṭvā spṛṣṭvā tathā pṛṣṭvā kāryākāryakriyāṃ tataḥ

by error of dosage, it destroys his life. / Therefore, having observed, touched, and questioned, considering proper and improper actions,

8.3.112

auṣadhāni prasiddhāni yāni syurbahuśo bhiṣak
rasato vīryataścaiva tāni tatrāvacārayet

whatever medicines are well known repeatedly, / the physician should administer them there in terms of taste and potency.

8.3.113

ato'nyathā hyamātrajño yuktyāgamabahiṣkṛtaḥ
kṛśaṃ rogaparidhvastaṃ sukumāraṃ samātvikam

Otherwise, one ignorant of dosage, excluded from reasoning and scripture, / [treating] an emaciated person, ruined by disease, delicate, and of pure mind,

8.3.114

tīkṣṇauṣadhaprayogeṇa hanti cāpyatimātrayā
mahārogaṃ mahāhāraṃ mahāsattvaṃ mahābalam

kills him by the administration of sharp medicine and excessive dosage; / or [treating] a patient of great disease, great food capacity, great resolve, and great strength,

8.3.115

mṛdvalpauṣadhayogena kleśayatyāturaṃ bhiṣak
upakramyo balī tasmād durbalo nirupakramaḥ

the physician torments him with the application of mild and scant medicine. / Therefore, a strong patient may be treated; a weak one is beyond treatment.

8.3.116

madhyaṃ yuktairupakramya na cāhārānnivartayet
kṛśaṃ viśrāmya viśrāmya pathyairauṣadhasādhanaiḥ

Having treated a moderate patient with proper measures, one should not deprive him of food. / Reviving an emaciated patient again and again with wholesome preparations of medicine,

8.3.116.p1

dhārayedvardhayedagnimagnau vṛddhe hi jīvati
yathā'nilaḥ pittakaphāsṛjaśca

one should maintain and increase the digestive fire, for when the digestive fire is augmented, he lives.
Just as vāta, pitta, kapha, and blood

8.3.117

nityāḥ śarīre nihitā narāṇām
tathaiva bāleṣvapi sarvametaddvayostu rūpaṃ tu tadalpamalpam

are perpetually established in the bodies of men, / just so are all these in children too, yet the form of the two is smaller and smaller.

8.3.117.p1

yathā'lpadehasya tadalpamalpaṃ
tathā'nnapānauṣadhamalpamalpam

Just as for a small body it is smaller and smaller,
so food, drink, and medicine should be smaller and smaller.

8.3.118

buddhyā vimṛśyeha bhiṣagvidaddhyāt
mātrā hi dehāgnivayaḥ pradhānāḥ

Reflecting with intellect in this matter, the physician should prescribe [it], / for doses are primary according to body, digestive fire, and age.

8.3.3-2

iti ha smāha bhagavān kaśyapaḥ
iti khileṣu bhaiṣajyopakramaṇīyādhyāyastṛtīyaḥ

Thus spoke the venerable Kaśyapa.
Thus ends the third chapter, 'On the Procedure of Medicaments', in the Supplementary Section.

8.3.3-2.p1

atha yūṣanirdeśīyo nāma caturthodhyāyaḥ