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Smritimuktaphala 1.30

Smṛtimuktāphala 1.30

Language
Sanskrit

1.30.1

śrīgaṇeśāya namaḥ || atha kālo nirūpyate || sa ca karmaṇyaṃgabhūtaḥ | tadāha gārgyaḥ—
‘‘tithinakṣatravārādi sādhanaṃ puṇyapāpayoḥ | pradhānaguṇabhāvena na svātaṃtryeṇa te kṣamāḥ ’’|| iti
vyāso'pi—‘‘ yattithau yacca nakṣatre vāre yatra ca yadyathā
‘‘vihitaṃ vā niṣiddhaṃ vā pālayaṃstridivaṃ vrajet | apālayan punarmohādapavitraṃ padaṃ vrajet ’’|| iti
nimeṣādilakṣaṇam | kāla eko'pyupādhibhedādanekaprakāraḥ | tathā ca gārgyaḥ—
‘‘akṣipakṣmaparikṣepo nimeṣaḥ parikīrtitaḥ | dvau nimeṣau truṭirnāma dvau truṭī tu lavaḥ smṛtaḥ
‘‘dvau lavau kṣaṇa ityuktaḥ kāṣṭhā proktā daśa kṣaṇāḥ
‘‘triṃśatkāṣṭhāḥ kalāḥ proktāḥ kalāstriṃśanmuhūrtakaḥ | te tu triṃśadahorātra ityāha bhagavānharaḥ’’|| iti
tithisvarūpam | tithirūpamuktaṃ kālādarśa—
‘‘ravīndroryogavirahau kramāddarśaśca pūrṇimā | kalāḥ praveśaniryāṇaistithayo'nyāśca pakṣayoḥ’’|| iti
sūryācaṃdramasoḥ sannikarṣe darśaḥ | viprakarṣaḥ pūrṇimā bhavati | iṃdoḥ kalānāṃ ravau praveśaniryāṇaiḥ
sūryācaṃdramasoḥ kṛṣṇaśuklapakṣayoḥ pratipadādayaḥ tithayo bhaveyurityarthaḥ
khaṇḍatithilakṣaṇam | tatra saṃpūrṇatithau nāsti saṃdehaḥ | yadā hrāsavṛddhivaśena khaṃḍatithirbhavati tadā nirṇayo'pekṣyate | hrāsavṛddhī ca gārgyeṇa darśite—
‘‘kharvā darpā tathā hiṃsrā trividhaṃ tithilakṣaṇam | dharmādharmavaśādeva tithistredhā vivartate ’’|| iti
kharvā samatithiḥ | darpā vṛddhiyuktā | hiṃsrā kṣayayuktā
khaṃḍatithau vidhiniṣedhavyavasthāmāha vṛddhagārgyaḥ—
‘‘nimittaṃ kālamādāya vṛttirvidhiniṣedhayoḥ | vidhiḥ pūjyatithau tatra niṣedhaḥ kālamātrake

1.30.2

‘‘tithīnāṃ pūjyatā nāma karmānuṣṭhānayogyatā | niṣedhastu nivṛttyātmā kālamātramapekṣate ’’|| iti
‘‘darśe snātvā pitṛbhyastu dadyātkṛṣṇatilodakam ’’ ityādividhiḥ karmānuṣṭhānayogyātithimapekṣate
‘‘amāvāsyāyāṃ na gacchetprāptakālāpi striyam | tailaṃ ca na spṛśeddāmaṃ vṛkṣādīṃśca na chedayet ’’
ityādiko niṣedhastithimātramapekṣata ityarthaḥ | evaṃ ca sati khaṃḍatithau pūjyatvaṃ nirṇetavyaṃ bhavati
tatra pratipadamārabhya paṃcadaśyaṃtāstithayaḥ krameṇa nirṇīyante
pratipannirṇayaḥ | pratipat dvividhā | śuddhā viddhā ceti | yā sūryodayamārabhya punarudayaparyaṃtā
bhavati sā śuddhā
‘‘sarvā hyetāśca tithaya udayādodayasthitāḥ | śuddhā iti viniśceyāḥ ṣaṣṭināḍyo hi vai tithiḥ’’|| iti
smṛteḥ | śuddhatvātpratipadādivihitaṃ sarvaṃ niḥśaṃkaistatrānuṣṭheyam | viddhā ca dvividhā | pūrvadine darśayuktā uttaradine dvitīyāyuktā ceti | tatra pūrvaviddhāyāḥ pūjyatvamāha paiṭhīnasiḥ—
‘‘paṃcamī saptamī caiva daśamī ca trayodaśī | pratipannavamī caiva kartavyā saṃmukhā tithiḥ ’’|| iti
saṃmukhatvaṃ ca skāṃdapurāṇe vivecitam"saṃmukhā nāma sāyāhnavyāpinī dṛśyate yadvā | pratipatsaṃmukhā kāryā yā bhavedāparāhikī" || iti
vyāso'pi--"pratipatsaiva vijñeyā yā bhavedāparāhikī" || iti
etasyaiva pakṣasyānugrāhaka uttaraviddhāyā niṣedho bṛhadvasiṣṭhena smaryate5" dvitīyā paṃcamī vedvāṣṭamī ca trayodaśī | caturdaśī copavāse hanyuḥ pūrvottare tithī" || iti
dvitīyādayaḥ svavedhena pūrvāmuttarāṃ ca tithiṃ hanyurityabhidhānāduttarairviddhā pratipadupavāse niṣiddhā

1.30.3

bhavati | tathā ca brahmakaivarte"pratipatpaṃcamībhūtasāvitravratapūrṇimā | navamī daśamī caiva nopoṣyāḥ parasaṃyutāḥ " || iti
sāvitravratapūrṇimā sāvitravratayuktā paurṇamāsī | etacca pūrvaviddhāyāḥ pratipadaḥ pūjyatvābhidhānaṃ
10 śuklapratipadviṣayam | ata evoktaṃ nigame"yugmāgniyugabhūtānāṃ ṣaṇmunyorvasuraṃdhrayoḥ | rudreṇa dvādaśī yuktā caturdaśyā ca pūrṇimā
"pratipadyapyamāvāsyā tithyoryugmaṃ mahāphalam" || iti | yugmaṃ dvitīyā | agnistṛtīyā | yugmaṃ
caturthī | bhūtaṃ paṃcamī | ṣaṭ ṣaṣṭhī | muniḥ saptamī | vasuraṣṭamī | raṃdhraṃ navamī | rudra ekādaśī
atra yugmāntyādisaptayugmeṣu pūrvā tithiruttaraviddhā grāhyā | uttarā tu pūrvaviddhetyuktaṃ bhavati
15 smṛtyaṃtare'pi"ekādaśī tathā ṣaṣṭhī amāvāsyā caturthikā | upoṣyāḥ parasaṃyuktāḥ parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutāḥ "|| iti
anyatrāpi"ṣaṣṭhyaṣṭamī amāvāsyā kṛṣṇapakṣe trayodaśī | etāḥ parayutāḥ pūjyāḥ parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutāḥ"|| iti
atra 'pratipadyapyamāvāsyā parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutā' iti cāmāvāsyāyutāyāḥ pratipadaḥ upoṣyatvā20 bhidhānāt śuklapratipadviṣayatvaṃ sphuṭamavagamyate | na hyetāni vacanāni kṛṣṇapakṣaviṣayatāyāḥ
kathaṃcidapi yojayituṃ śakyante | etadanusāreṇa "pratipatsadvitīyā syāt dvitīyā pratipadyutā"
ityāpastambavacanaṃ kṛṣṇapakṣaviṣayatvenaiva saṃkocanīyam | evaṃ ca 'nopoṣyāḥ parasaṃyutā' iti
dvitīyāyutopavāsanaṣedhaḥ śuklapakṣaviṣayatayā yojanīyaḥ | yattu gobhilavacanam"kharvā darpā tathā hiṃsrā trividhaṃ tithilakṣaṇam | kharvādarpe pare kārye hiṃsrā syātpūrvakālikī"|| iti

1.30.4

25 yadapi bodhāyanavacanam"vardhamānasya pakṣasya udayā pūjyate tithiḥ | yadā pakṣaḥ kṣayaṃ yāti tadā syādāparāhikī"|| iti
udayā udayaṃgatetyarthaḥ | yadapi smṛtyaṃtaravacanam"sā tithistadahorātraṃ yasyāmabhyudito raviḥ | vardhamānasya pakṣasya nhāse tvastamayā tithiḥ"|| iti
vṛddhau tithirudayagatā pūjyā kṣaye tvastagatā pūjyetyarthaḥ | etānyekoddiṣṭāṃdiviṣayāṇi
30 tathāha vyāsaḥ"dvitīyādikayugmānāṃ pūjyatāniyamādiṣu | ekoddiṣṭādivṛddhyādau nhāsavṛddhyādicodanā ||" iti
niyamādiṣvityādiśabdena pitṛkarmavyatiriktavratopavāsādisakalakarmaṇāṃ grahaṇam| ekoddiṣṭādītyādiśabdena pārvaṇaśrāddhasya grahaṇam
kālādarśe'pi—
“pratyābdikādiśrāddhādau vṛddhi-hāsādicodanā | dvitīyādiyugmānāṃ vratādau pūjyatā bhavet ||” iti
tadevaṃ vṛddhi-hāsānādareṇa upavāse śuklapratipat pūrvaviddhā grāhyā kṛṣṇapratipaduttaraviddheti sthitam
tithīnāṃ vedhaḥ paiṭhīnasinā darśitaḥ—
“pakṣadvaye'pi tithayastithiṃ pūrvā tathottarām | tribhirmuhūrtairvidhyaṃti sāmānyo'yaṃ vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ” || iti
pūrvedyurudayānaṃtaramamāvāsyā trimuhūrttā tato'dhikā vā sā pratipadaṃ vidhyati | paredyurastamayātprāk
dvitīyā trimuhūrtā tatodhikā vā sā'pi pūrvā pratipadaṃ vidhyatītyevaṃ sarvatithisādhāraṇo vedho
viśeṣavacanābhāvaviṣaye draṣṭavyaḥ | vedhyāpi pratipaddivā trimuhūrtā tatodhikā vā bhavet sā vedhārhā
bhavet | na nyūnā | taduktaṃ kālanirṇaye—
“śuddhā viddhā tithiḥ śuddhā hīnā tithyāntyayāhani | udaye pūrvayā tithyā vidhyate trimuhūrttakaiḥ

1.30.5

“sāyaṃ tūttarayā tadvannyūnayā tu na vidhyate | vedhyāpi trimuhūrttaiva na nyūnā vedhamarhati
“śuklapakṣe darśaviddhā kṛṣṇe viddhā dvitīyā | upoṣyā pratipacchukle mukhyā syādāparāhikī
“tadabhāve tu sāyānhavyāpinī parigṛhyatām | prātaḥ saṃgamamadhyānhāparāhnāḥ sāyamityasau
“atrānhaḥ paṃcadhā bhāgo mukhyo dvitryādibhāgataḥ” || iti | pūrvāhno'parāhna iti dvedhā
vibhāgaḥ | pūrvāhno madhyānho'parāhna iti tredhā vibhāgaḥ | pūrvāhno madhyānhaḥ aparāhnaḥ sāyānha
iti caturdhā vibhāgaḥ | prātaḥ saṃgavo madhyānho'parāhnaḥ sāyānha iti paṃcadhā vibhāgaḥ | dvitryādivibhāgāt paṃcadhāvibhāgasya bahuśrutismṛtisaṃmatatvāt sa eva mukhya ityaṃtimaślokārthaḥ | evaṃ ca
satyukteṣu paṃcasvānho bhāgeṣu paṃcamaṃ sāyānhabhāgaṃ vyāpya tataḥ pūrvaṃ caturthamaparāhnabhāgaṃ yā śuklapratipatspṛśati tādṛśī pūrvaviddhopavāse pūjyā | sa copavāsaḥ bhaviṣyottarapurāṇe kārtikamāsāṃtadarśa pā yasabhojanādiniyamaṃ vidhāya pratipadi vihitaḥ—
“mārgaśīrṣe tato māsi pratipadyapare'hani | spṛṣṭvā guruṃ copavasenmahādevaṃ smaranmuhuḥ” || iti
skaṃdapurāṇe kārtikaśuklapratipadi balyutsavo vihitaḥ | evamanyatrāpi draṣṭavyam | pūrvaviddhāyāṃ
śuklapratipadi yo'yamupavāso vihitaḥ tasya prātareva saṃkalpaḥ kāryaḥ | tadānīṃ jyotiḥśāstraprasiddhapratipadabhāve'pi smṛtibhirāpāditāyāḥ pratipadaḥ sattvāt | ata eva devalaḥ—
“yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya tvastaṃ yāti divākaraḥ | sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā dānādhyayanakarmasu” || iti

1.30.6

atra karmasviti bahuvacanādupavāsādinikhiladaivakarmaparigrahaḥ | atrāstamayātpūrvaṃ muhūrtatrayavyāpinīṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpyeti vyākhyeyam | na tu tato'lpavyāptirna vivakṣitā
tathā ca vṛddhavasiṣṭhaḥ—
“yasyāṃ tithāvastamiyātsūryastu trimuhūrtakaiḥ | yāgadānajapādibhyastāmevopakramettithim” || iti
skāṃde'pi—
“yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya yātyastaṃ padminīpriyaḥ | sā tithisrtaddine proktā trimuhūrtā yadā bhavet” || iti
saure'pi—
“yāṃ prāpyāstamupetyarkaḥ syāccetsā trimuhūrtagā | dharmakṛtyeṣu sarveṣu saṃpūrṇāṃ tāṃ vidurbudhāḥ” || iti
evaṃ ca sāyaṃtanatrimuhūrtaśuklapratipadupetāyāṃ tithau prātareva saṃkalpya pratipaḍupavāsaḥ kartavya iti
niścayaḥ | pūrvaviddhāyāṃ śuklapratipadi upavāsaṃ kṛtvā paredyuḥ tithyante pāraṇaṃ kuryāt | tadāha sumaṃtuḥ“tithinakṣatraniyame tithibhānte ca pāraṇam | ato'nyathā pāraṇe tu vratabhaṃgamavāpnuyāt” || iti
nigame-“pūrvaviddhāsu tithiṣu bheṣu ca śravaṇaṃ vinā | upoṣya vidhivatkuryāttattadaṃte tu pāraṇam”|| iti
skāṃde'pi“tithīnāmeva sarvāsāmupavāsavratādiṣu | tithyaṃte pāraṇaṃ kuryādvinā śivacaturdaśī ” || iti
asya tithibhāṃtapāraṇasyāpavādaḥ kvacit smaryate5 “tithyaṃte caiva bhāṃte ca pāraṇaṃ yatra codyate | yāmatrayordhvavartinyāṃ prātareva hi pāraṇam ” || iti
yatta devalavacanam“ upavāseṣu sarveṣu pūrvāhne pāraṇaṃ bhavet | anyathā tatphalasyārdhaṃ dharmamevopasarpati ” || iti | dharmo
yamaḥ | tatpūrvaviddhāvyatiriktaparaviddhāśuddhatithyupavāsaviṣayam | pūrvaviddhāyāṃ vihitasyopavāsasya

1.30.7

kenāpi nimittena tatrānuṣṭhānāsambhave satyuttaraviddhā gauṇakālatvena grāhyā | “paurvāhnikāstu tithayo
10 daivakārye phalapradā” iti sāmānyena smaraṇāt | uktaṃ ca kālanirṇayasaṃgrahe“abhāve'pi pratipadaḥ saṃkalpaḥ prātariṣyate | tithikṣiyāmato'rvāk cet tithyaṃte pāraṇaṃ bhavet
“mukhyatithyaṃtaratve tu tithiśeṣo'pi gṛhyatām ” || iti
ekabhaktavratanirṇayaḥ | athaikabhaktaṃ nirṇīyate | tacca trividham | svataṃtramanyāṃgaṃ upavāsapratinidhirūpaṃ ceti | teṣu svataṃtraṃ brahmapurāṇe paṭhyate-“pratipadyekabhaktāśī samāpte kapilāpradaḥ”|| iti
15 tatra karmakālavyāpinī tithirgrāhyā “yo yasya vihitaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ”
iti smṛteḥ | karmakālastatkarmasvarūpaṃ cetyubhayaṃ skaṃdapurāṇe darśitam“dinārdhasamaye'tīte bhujyate niyamena yat | ekabhaktamiti proktamatastatsyāddivāaiva hi ” || iti
devalo'pi“dinārdhasamaye'tīte bhujyate niyamena yat | ekabhaktamiti proktaṃ nyūnaṃ grāsatrayeṇa tu ” || iti
20 atra dinārdhasyopari sārdhamuhūrtaparimitaḥ kāla ekabhaktasya mukhyaḥ | dinārdhe'tīte sati samanantarabhāvitvādastamayāt prācīno gauṇaḥ kālaḥ | divetyabhyanujñānāt | atra mukhyakālavyāpinī tithirgrāhyā
ata eva pādme-“madhyānhavyāpinī grāhyā ekabhakte sadā tithiḥ ”|| iti | bodhāyano'pi“madhyānhavyāpinī grāhyā ekabhaktavrate tithiḥ ” || iti | atra nirṇatavyo viṣayaḥ ṣoḍhā bhidyate
pūrvedyureva madhyānhavyāpitvaṃ paredyureva tadvyāpitvam ubhayatra sāmyena tadekadeśavyāpitvaṃ vaiṣamyeṇa

1.30.8

25 tadekadeśavyāpitvaṃ ceti | tatra prathamadvitīyayormadhyānhavyāpitvasyaiva nirṇāyakatvam | tṛtīye pūrvaviddhā grāhyā | mukhyakālavyāpteḥ samatve'pi gauṇakālavyāpteḥ adhikatvāt | caturthe'pi pūrvaviddhaiva
ubhayatra mukhyakālavyāptyabhāve'pi gauṇakālavyāptilābhāt | paṃcame'pyayameva nyāyo yojyaḥ | ṣaṣṭhe tu
yasmin dine adhikavyāptiḥ saiva grāhyā | evaṃ svataṃtraikabhaktaṃ nirṇītam | anyāṃgaṃ tvaparāhūṇādau
kāryam | “pūjāvrateṣu sarvatra madhyānhavyāpinī tithiḥ ” iti ‘madhyānhe pūjayennṛpa ’ ityādi
30 śāstrairaṃginaḥ pūjādermadhyānhe vihitatvena ekabhaktasya mukhyakālāsaṃbhavāt upavāsapratinidhirūpamekabhaktamupavāsatithau kāryam | tasya gauṇopavāsatvāt
ata eva sumaṃtuḥ-“tithau yatropavāsaḥ syādekabhakte'pi sā tithiḥ ”
naktavratam | atha naktaṃ nirūpyate | tacca varāhapurāṇe paṭhyate“mārgaśīrṣe site pakṣe pratipadyā tithirbhavet | tasyāṃ naktaṃ prakurvīta rātrau viṣṇuṃ ca pūjayet”|| iti
naktaṃ kurvīta divā abhuṃjāno rātribhojanaṃ kurvītityarthaḥ | tasya kāla uktaḥ kālādarśe“ trimuhūrtāstamānātprāk parataśca tathāvidhā | tasyā naktavrataṃ kuryāddharinaktavratādṛte ” || iti
kaurme'pi“ pradoṣavyāpinī yatra trimuhūrtā yadā divā | tadā naktavrataṃ kuryātsvādhyāyasya niṣedhavat ” || iti
etatpradoṣavyāptirmukhyaḥ kalpaḥ sāyaṃkālavyāptiranukalpa ityevaṃparam | tathā ca kāladvayaṃ bhaviṣyatpurāṇe
darśitam - “muhūrtornadinaṃ naktaṃ pravadaṃti manīṣiṇaḥ | nakṣatradarśanānnaktamahaṃ manye gaṇādhipa” || iti

1.30.9

asya ca kāladvayasyādhikāribhedena vyavasthāmaha devalaḥ“ nakṣatradarśanānnaktaṃ gṛhasthasya budhaiḥ smṛtam | yaterdināṣṭame bhāge tasya rātrau niṣidhyate ” || iti
smṛtyaṃtare'pi“ naktaṃ niśāyāṃ kurvīta gṛhastho vidhisaṃyutaḥ | yatiśca vidhavā caiva kuryāttatsadivākaram
“divā naktaṃ tu tatproktamaṃtime ghaṭikādvayam | niśām̐ naktaṃ tu vijñeyaṃ pravadanti manīṣiṇaḥ
“nakṣatradarśanānnaktaṃ yāmārdhe prathame sadā ” || iti | rātrinaktabhojane kālamāha vyāsaḥ“ trimuhūrtaḥ pradoṣaḥ syādbhānāvastaṃgate sati | naktaṃ tatra tu kartavyamiti śāstraviniścayaḥ ” || iti
naktaṃ trimuhūrtātmakapradoṣavyāpinyāṃ tithau kāryam | yadāha vatsaḥ“ pradoṣavyāpinī grāhyā sadā naktavrate tithiḥ | ekādaśīṃ vinā sarvā śuklakṛṣṇe tathā smṛtā ” || iti
ayarmāpa viṣayaḥ ṣoḍhā bhidyate | pūrvedyureva pradoṣavyāptiḥ paredyureva tadvyāptiḥ ubhayatrāpi tadvyāptiḥ
ubhayatra taddbhāvaḥ | ubhayatra sāmyena tadekadeśavyāptiḥ | ubhayatra vaiṣamyeṇa tadekadeśavyāptiriti
tatra prathamadvitīyayoḥ pradoṣavyāptirniryāmikā | ubhayatra tadvyāptau paratiyireva | tadāha jābāliḥ“ sadaiva tithyorubhayoḥ pradoṣavyāpinī tithiḥ | tatrottaratra naktaṃ syādubhayatrāpi sā tithiḥ ”|| iti
ubhayatrāpi divārātrāvapi sā tithiviṃdhate ityarthaḥ | ubhayatra pradoṣavyāptyabhāve'pi paraiva
tadāha jābāliḥ-“ atathātve paratra syādarvāgastaṃgate hi sā ” iti | pradoṣe tadbhāvepi astamayādarvāgyataḥ sā vidyate sā grāhyetyarthaḥ | īdṛśe viṣaye gṛhastho'pi yativat divā naktamācaret
taduktaṃ skāṃde-“ pradoṣavyāpinī na syāddivā naktaṃ vidhīyate

1.30.10

“ ātmano dviguṇacchāyāmatikrāmati bhāskare | tannaktaṃ naktamityāhurna naktaṃ niśibhojanam
“evaṃ jñātvā tato vidvānsāyyānhe tu bhujikriyām | kuryānnaktavratī naktaphalaṃ bhavati niścitam”|| iti
pradoṣavyāpinyāṃ tithau bhānuvārasaṃkrāṃtyādinā gṛhasthasyāpi yadā rātribhojananiṣedhaḥ tadā divaiva
naktaṃ kuryāt | tathā ca bhaviṣyatpurāṇe“ ye tvādityadine brahmannaktaṃ kurvati mānavāḥ | dināṃte te'pi kurvīranniṣedhādrātribhojane ” || iti
asmiṃśca divābhojane uttamo'ṃtimamuhūrtaḥ | madhyama upāntyaḥ | tataḥ prācīno jaghanyaḥ | evaṃ ca
sati antimāṣṭamabhāgatrimuhūrtavacanānyupapadyante | rātribhojane'pi ghaṭikātrayamuttamaḥ kālaḥ
ghaṭikāṣaṭkaṃ madhyamaḥ kālaḥ
“pradoṣo'stamayādūrdhvaṃ ghaṭikātrayamiṣyate | trimuhūrtaḥ pradoṣaḥ syādravāvastaṃgate sati”|| iti ca smṛteḥ
niśīthaparyaṃto jaghanyaḥ kālaḥ | naktaṃ prakurvīta rātrau kurvīteti sāmānyenābhidhānāt | asauranakteṣu sāmyena vaiṣamyeṇa vā dinadvaye pradoṣaikadeśavyāptau paredyureva naktaṃ kārya sāyaṃ kālasya
gauṇasya tithivyāptatvātsauranakteṣu sāyaṃkālaikadeśavyāptau pūrvapūrvatiyāhyā pradoṣakālasya tattithivyāptatvāt | “arkadviparbarātrau ca caturdaśyaṣṭamī divā” ityanena divācaturdaśyaṣṭamīyoge sati
5 bhojane prāyaścittavidhānāt divā tatsaṃbaṃdhasamaye bhojananiṣedho gamyate “niṣedhastu nivṛttyātmā
kāladharmamapekṣate” iti smṛteḥ | tatsaṃbaṃdhābhāvasamaye tu bhojanaṃ na niṣidhyate | ata eva rātrau
parvayoge bhojane niṣiddhe tadvigame sati kacidbhojanamabhyanujñāyate
manunā-“caṃdrasūryagrahe nādyādyāt snātvā vimuktayoḥ ” iti

1.30.11

vyāso'pi-“ nādyātsūryagrahātpūrvamanhi sāyaṃ śaśigrahāt
10 “grahakāle ca nāśnīyātsnātvā'śrīyācca muktayoḥ| mukte śaśini bhuṃjīta yadi na syānmahāniśā”|| iti
vṛddhagautamo'pi“ caṃdrasūryagrahe nādyāttasminnahani pūrvataḥ | rāhorrvimuktiṃ vijñāya snātvā kurvīta bhojanam”|| iti
caturdaśyaṣṭamī dvivetyasya naktavratatvābhāvānnaktanyāyo'pyatra nāvatarati | tadevaṃ pratipadyupavāsa ekabhaktanaktāni nirṇītāni | tatra śuklapratipatpūrvaviddhaiveopoṣyā kṛṣṇapratipaduttarāviddhā | ekabhakta15 naktayostu sarvāsu tithiṣu madhyānhapradoṣavyāptyā nirṇayaḥ
dānavratādīnāṃ kālaḥ | dānavratādīni uttaraviddhāyāṃ pratipadi kartavyāni | teṣāṃ daivatvāt
tadāha vṛddhayājñavalkyaḥ-“paurvāhnikāstu tithayo daivakārye phalapradāḥ” iti | anhaḥ pūrvo bhāgaḥ
pūrvāhnaḥ | sa ca muhūrtatrayātmakaḥ prātaḥkālaḥ | karmakālavyāptiṃ ca vṛddhayājñavalkya āha—
“karmaṇe yasya yaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ | tathā karmāṇi kurvīta hāsavṛddhī na kāraṇam”|| iti
20 gārgyaśca“ yo yasya vihitaḥ kālastatkālavyāpinī tithiḥ | tathā karmāṇi kurvīta hāsavṛddhī na kāraṇam”
evaṃ ca udayānaṃtaraṃ muhūrtatrayavyāpinī dānādau tithirgrāhyā
“ yāṃ tithiṃ samanuprāpya udayaṃ yāti bhāskaraḥ | sā tithiḥ sakalā jñeyā snānadānajapādiṣu
“ vratopavāsasnānādau ghaṭikaikā yadā bhavet | udaye sā tithirgrāhyā śrāddhādāvastagāminī ”
25 iti devalādivacanaṃ vaiśvānarādhikaraṇanyāyena trimuhūrtavyāptipraśaṃsāparam | atrāpi ṣoḍhā

1.30.12

bhidyate ! udayakāle pūrvedyureva trimuhūrtavyāpinī paredyureva tadvyāpinī ubhayatrāpi trimuhūrtavyāpinī nobhayatra trimuhūrtavyāpinī sāmyena vaiṣamyeṇa vā trimuhūrtaikadeśavyāpinīti | tatra
prathamadvitīyornāsti saṃdehaḥ | tṛtīyādiṣu caturṣu pakṣeṣvastamayavyāpteḥ karmakālabāhulyasya ca
lābhāt pūrvedyurevānuṣṭhānamiti nirṇayaḥ | pitryakālastu śrāddhakāṃḍe nirūpitaḥ| iti pratipannirṇayaḥ
30 ayameva nirṇaya uttarāsu sarvāsu tithiṣu sāmānyena saṃcārayitavyaḥ | viśeṣastu tatra tatrābhidhāsyate
dvitīyānirṇayaḥ | tatra dvitīyāyāḥ paraviddhāyāḥ upoṣyatvaṃ bhṛgurāha“ekādaśyaṣṭamī ṣaṣṭhī dvitīyā ca caturdaśī | trayodaśī tvamāvāsyā upoṣyāḥ syuḥ parānvitāḥ”|| iti
vyāsaḥ-“ tṛtīyā yutā kāryā dvitīyā na tu pūrvayā ” iti | yadā tu pūrvedyurudayamārabhya
paredyurudayasyopari trimuhūrtaṃ vartate tadā pūrvedyureva saṃpūrṇatithiritvāḍupavāsaḥ | taduktaṃ kālanirṇaye35 “ pūrvedyurasatī prātaḥ paredyustrimuhūrtagā| sā dvitīyā paropoṣyā pūrvaviddhā tato'parā ” || iti
tṛtīyānirṇayaḥ | tṛtīyā paraviddhaiva grāhyā | raṃbhākhyavrate tu pūrvaviddhā grāhyā
taduktaṃ brahmakaivarte"raṃbhākhyāṃ varjayitvā tu tṛtīyāṃ dvijasattama | anyeṣu sarvakāryeṣu gaṇayuktā praśasyate" || iti
gaṇaścaturthī | smṛtyaṃtare'pi"dvitīyā tu viddhā cettṛtīyā na kadācana | kartavyā vratibhistāta dharmakāmārthatatparaiḥ
"vihāyaikāṃ ca raṃbhākhyāṃ tṛtīyāṃ puṇyavardhinīm" || iti

1.30.13

caturthīnirṇayaḥ | caturthīpi paraviddhaiva grāhyā | yadāha bṛhadvasiṣṭhaḥ"ekādaśī tathā ṣaṣṭhī amāvāsyā caturthikā | upoṣyāḥ parasaṃyuktāḥ parāḥ pūrveṇa saṃyutāḥ" || iti
vināyakavratānuṣṭhāne tu madhyānhavyāpinī caturthī grāhyā | tadāha bṛhaspatiḥ"caturthīgaṇanāthasya mātṛviddhā praśasyate | madhyānhavyāpinī cetsyātparataścetpare'hani"
mātṛviddhā tṛtīyāviddhā | smṛtyaṃtare'pi"mātṛviddhā praśastā syāccaturthīgaṇanāyake | madhyānhe parataścetsyānnāgaviddhā praśasyate" || iti
nāgaḥ paṃcamī | ekabhaktanyāyena madhyānhavyāpteḥ ṣoḍhā bhede sati yadā paredyureva madhyānhavyāptiḥ
tadā parā | itareṣu paṃcasu bhedeṣu jayāyogasya praśastatvātpūrvedyureva sā bhavati
paṃcamīnirṇayaḥ | paṃcamī pūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā | tadāha hārītaḥ"caturthīsaṃyutā kāryā paṃcamī parayā na tu | daive karmaṇi pitrye ca śuklapakṣe tathā'site" || iti
ṣaṣṭhīnirṇayaḥ | ṣaṣṭhī paraviddhā grāhyā | taduktaṃ viṣṇudharmottare"ekādaśyaṣṭamī ṣaṣṭhī śivarātriścaturdaśī | amāvāsyā tṛtīyā ca tā upoṣyāḥ parānvitāḥ" || iti
skaṃdavrate tu ṣaṣṭhyāḥ pūrvaviddhāyā grāhyatvamāha vasiṣṭhaḥ"kṛṣṇāṣṭamī skaṃdaṣaṣṭhī śivarātriścaturdaśī | etāḥ pūrvayutāḥ kāryāstithyaṃte pāraṇaṃ bhavet" || iti
yadi kadācittithikṣayavaśāduttaraviddhā na labhyate tadā skāṃdavratavadanyānyapi vratāni paṃcamīviddhāyāṃ kartavyāni | tadāha vasiṣṭhaḥ"ekādaśī tṛtīyā ca ṣaṣṭhī caiva trayodaśī | pūrvaviddhā tu kartavyā yadi na syātpare'hani"|| iti
saptamīnirṇayaḥ | saptamī pūrvaviddhaiva grāhyā | "ṣaṣṭhyā yutā saptamī ca kartavyā tatra sarvadā"

1.30.14

iti smṛteḥ | uttaraviddhāpratiṣedhaḥ skaṃdapurāṇe darśitaḥ"ṣaṣṭyekādaśyamāvāsyā pūrvaviddhā tathā'ṣṭamī | saptamī paraviddhā ca nopoṣyaṃ tithipaṃcakam" || iti
pūrvaviddhāyāḥ saptamyā alābhe tūttaraviddhā grāhyā | taduktaṃ kālanirṇaye"saptamī pūrvaviddhaiva vrateṣu nikhileṣvapi | alābhe pūrvaviddhāyāḥ paraviddhāpi gṛhyatām" || iti
aṣṭamīnirṇayaḥ | athāṣṭamī nirṇīyate | tatra śuklāṣṭamī paraviddhā grāhyā | tathā ca nigame"śuklapakṣe'ṣṭamī caiva śuklapakṣe caturdaśī | pūrvaviddhā na kartavyā kartavyā parasaṃyutā
"upavāsādikāryeṣu hyeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ" || iti | skāṃve'pi"aṣṭamī navamī miśrā kartavyā bhūtimicchatā | saptamyā cāṣṭamī caiva na kartavyā śikhidhvaja"|| iti
kṛṣṇapakṣe pūrvaviddhāyāḥ parigrahaḥ paraviddhāyāḥ pratiṣedhaśca nigame paṭhyate"kṛṣṇapakṣe'ṣṭamī yatra kṛṣṇapakṣe caturdaśī | pūrvaviddhā tu kartavyā paraviddhā na kasyacit
"upavāsādikāryeṣu hyeṣa dharmaḥ sanātanaḥ" || iti | vrataviśeṣe tu tatra tatroktaṃ draṣṭavyam
tathā dūrvāṣṭamīsaṃjñakavrataviśeṣaviṣaye bhaviṣyatpurāṇam"śrāvaṇī durganavamī tathā dūrvāṣṭamī ca yā| pūrvaviddhaiva kartavyā śivarātrairbalerdinam"|| iti
kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamī| kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamīvratāt jayantīvrataṃ bhinnam| janmāṣṭamīvrate tithirave
nimittam| jayantīvrate tu rohiṇīyogaḥ| tathā ca smaryate"śrāvaṇe bahule pakṣe kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamīvratam| na karoti naro yastu bhavati krūrarākṣasaḥ
"śrāvaṇasya ca māsasya kṛṣṇāṣṭamyāṃ narādhipa| rohiṇī yadi labhyeta jayaṃtī nāma sā tithiḥ"|| iti

1.30.15

vasiṣṭhasaṃhitāyām"śrāvaṇe vā nabhasye vā rohiṇī sahitā'ṣṭamī| yadā kṛṣṇā narairlabdhā sā jayaṃtīti kīrtitā
"śrāvaṇena bhavedyogo nabhasye tu bhaveddhruvam | tayorabhāve yogasya tasmin varṣe na saṃbhavaḥ” || iti
10 atra śrāvaṇa iti mukhyakalpaḥ | nabhasya ityanukalpaḥ | etadevābhipretya viṣṇurahasye'pi“aṣṭamī kṛṣṇapakṣasya rohiṇī ṛkṣasaṃyutā | bhavetprauṣṭhapade māsi jayaṃtī nāma sā smṛtā" || iti
harivaṃśe"abhijannāma nakṣatraṃ jayantī nāma śarvarī | muhūrto vijayo nāma yatra jāto janārdanaḥ" || iti
atra śrāvaṇanabhasyaprauṣṭhapadaśabdāḥ siṃhaśrāvaṇādiparāḥ | tathā ca jyotiṣārṇave15 "śrāvaṇyāṃ prauṣṭhapadyāṃ vā yadā siṃhagato raviḥ| jayaṃtyārādhanaṃ kuryānna tu karkaṭakanyayoḥ” || iti
vārāhe'pi - " siṃharāśigate sūrye gagane jaladākule | māsi prauṣṭhapade'ṣṭamyāmardharātre vidhūdaye
" budhavāre vṛṣe lagne rohiṇyāścaramāṃśake | śubhe harṣaṇayoge ca kaulavena yute tathā
" vasudevena devakyāmahaṃ jāto'smi pannage” || iti | yasminvarṣe śrāvaṇe vā nabhasye vā jayaṃtī
na saṃbhavati tasminvarṣe śrāvaṇamāsa eva kṛṣṇāṣṭamīvratamanuṣṭheyam ! tasya svarūpamupavāsamātram20 “kevalenopavāsena tasminjanmadine mama| saptajanmakṛtātpāpānmucyate nātra saṃśayaḥ” || iti smṛteḥ
yadi śiṣṭāstatrāpi jāgaraṇadānādikamanutiṣṭhanti anutiṣṭhantu nāma| aviruddhaiḥ puṇyaviśeṣaiḥ
vratasyopohalanasaṃbhavācchāstreṇa tu prāpitamupavāsamātram | jayaṃtīvratasya tu dānādisahita upavāsaḥ
svarūpam| tathā ca bhaviṣyottare--" māsi bhādrapade'ṣṭamyāṃ niśīthe kṛṣṇapakṣake

1.30.16

" śaśāṃke vṛṣarāśisthe ṛkṣe rohiṇisaṃjñake | yoge'sminvasudevāddhi devakī māmajījanat
25 "tasmānmāṃ pūjayettatra śuciḥ samyagupoṣitaḥ| brāhmaṇānmojayedbhaktyā tato dadyācca dakṣiṇām
"hiraṇyaṃ medinīṃ gāvo vāsāṃsi kusumāni ca | yadyadiṣṭatamaṃ tattatkṛṣṇo me prīyatāmiti ” !
jayaṃtīṃ prakṛtya nāradīyasaṃhitāyāṃ smaryate“ upoṣaṇaṃ janmadine kuryājjāgaraṇaṃ ca yaḥ | ardharātrayutāṣṭamyāṃ so'śvamedhaphalaṃ labhet”
śuddhaṃ nityaṃ janmāṣṭamīvrataṃ karaṇe phalaviśeṣasmaraṇāt akaraṇe pratyavāyasmaraṇācca| nityaṃ kāmyaṃ
30 ca jayaṃtīvrataṃ akaraṇe pratyavāyasmaraṇātphalaviśeṣasmaraṇācca
tathā hi janmāṣṭamyā akaraṇe pratyavāyaḥ smaryate -
" kṛṣṇajanmadine prāpte yo bhuṃkte tu dvijottamaḥ | trailokyasaṃbhavaṃ pāṣaṃ tena bhuktaṃ dvijottama" || iti
skaṃdapurāṇe'pi“ye na kurvaṃti jānaṃtaḥ kṛṣṇajanmāṣṭamīvratam | te bhavanti narāḥ pāpā vyālā vyāghrāśca kānane” || iti
tathā jayaṃtīvratasyākaraṇe skānde pratyavāyaḥ smaryate—
“śūdrānnena tu yatpāpaṃ śavahastasthabhojane | tatpāpaṃ labhate kunti jayantyāṃ bhojane kṛte
“brahmaghnasya surāpasya strīvadhe govadhe'pi vā | na loko yaduśārdūla jayaṃtīvimukhasya ca
“na karoti yadā viṣṇorjayaṃtīsaṃbhavaṃ vratam | yamasya vaśamāpannaḥ sahate nārakīṃ vyathām
“jayaṃtīvāsare prāpte karotyudarapūraṇam | saṃpīḍyate'timātraṃ tu yamadūtaiḥ kalevaram” || iti
jayaṃtīvrate phalaviśeṣo'bhihito bhaviṣyottare“prativarṣaṃ vidhānena madbhakto dharmanaṃdana | naro vā yadi vā nārī yathoktaṃ phalamāpnuyāt

1.30.17

“putrasaṃtānamārogyaṃ saubhāgyamatulaṃ bhavet | sadā dharmaratirbhūtvā mṛto vaikuṃṭhamāpnuyāt
“tatra divyena mānena varṣalakṣaṃ yudhiṣṭhira | bhogān nānāvidhānbhuktvā puṇyaśeṣādihāgataḥ
“sarvakāmasamṛddhe tu kule mahati jāyate” || iti | pādme'pi“pretayonigatānāṃ tu pretatvaṃ nāśitaṃ naraiḥ | yaiḥ kṛtā śrāvaṇe māsi aṣṭame rohiṇī yutā” || iti
“kiṃ punarbudhavāreṇa somenāpi viśeṣataḥ” || iti
grāhyā tithinirūpyate | janmāṣṭamī jayaṃtyāścārdharātrapradhānatvāt tadyogo'tipraśastaḥ
taduktaṃ vasiṣṭhasaṃhitāyām“aṣṭamī rohiṇīyuktā niśyardhe yadi dṛśyate | mukhyakāla iti khyātastatra jāto hariḥ svayam”
viṣṇurahasye'pi“rohiṇyāmardharātre tu yadā kṛṣṇāṣṭamī bhavet | tasyāmabhyarcanaṃ śaurerhaṃti pāpaṃ trijanmajam” || iti

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