Nighantu 72.3
Nighaṇṭunirvacana 72.3
- Language
- Sanskrit
72.3.1
(1) manuṣyāḥ | 'mattvā karmāṇi sīvyanti (niru0 3, 7)'—iti bhāṣyasya skandasvāmī—'martvetyādinā maneḥ sīveśca dvidhātujatvaṃ pradarśayati—jñātvā'nenedamiti sādhyasādhanabhāve' karmāṇi sīvyanti santanvanti, yathā paścādyaḥ manasyamānena prajāpatinā sṛṣṭāḥ| manasyatiḥ kasminnarthe? ityāha—praśastībhāve, praśaṃsāyāṃ matvarthīyaḥ; praśastaṃ manaḥ prasannaṃ satvaprādhānyāt ataḥ prasannamanaskena sṛṣṭā ityarthaḥ| tathā ca śrutiḥ— 'sa pitṝn sṛṣṭvā manasyadanuḥ manuṣyānasṛjata'—iti | nityapakṣe'pyasati sṛṣṭari kārye saumanasyaṃ dṛṣṭvā sṛṣṭikāraṇānuvidhāyitvāt kāryasya vā| 'manorjātāvañyatau ṣuk ca (4,1,161)'—iti vaiyākaraṇāḥ| jātiśca pratyayāntopādhiḥ| manorapatyaṃ jātiścetyetau| apatyamātravivakṣāyāmantareṇa ca jātiṃ bhavati mānava iti| manuṣo vā akārāntamekaṃ prātipadikamasti, atastadantāt vyutpādayati, añyatpratyayasanniyogena ṣugiti saraṇāntaraṃ vināpi pratyayena ṣakārāntaprayogadarśanāt—'samiddho adya manuṣo duroṇe (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 6, 8, 1)' —iti pṛṣodarāditvāt sarvaṃ siddham| atra śrīnivāsaḥ— —'manermanuḥ manerusi manuṣīti| yat| sā cāsyā manuṣyagīḥ' —iti| "spārhā vasu manuṣyā dadīmahi (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 6, 30, 4)"—"daivyāḥ śamitāra ārabhadhvamuta manuṣyāḥ (ai0 brā0 2, 1, 6)"—iti ca nigamau || (2) naraḥ| 'ṇīñ prāpaṇe (bhū0 u0)' 'nayaterḍicca (u0 2, 63)'—iti ṛnpratyayaḥ, jas| nayanti saṃsāracakram, padārthatvāt deśāntaraṃ nīyante vā sthānottarakālena| yadvā 'nṛtī gātravikṣepe (di0 pa0)' bāhulakādṛn ḍicca| nṛtyanti gātra-
72.3.2
vikṣepaṃ kurvate hi niyamena gātrāṇi vikṣipyanti karmasu tāni kurvantaḥ| "taṃ tvā naraḥ prathamaṃ devayantaḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 4, 35 2)"—"tvāṃ vṛtreṣvindra satpatiṃ naraḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 7, 27, 1)" —iti ca nigamau || (3) dhavāḥ| 'dhūñ kampane (svā0 u0)' 'dhuñ' ghā (kyā0 u0)| pacādyac| dhūnayati| dhunoti svāvayacān dhavaḥ, jas dhavāḥ| yadvā, manuṣyā mṛtyuto vepante| yadvā, 'dhābu gatiśuddhyoḥ (bhū0 u0)' asmāt pacādyaci (3, 1, 134) pṛṣodarāditvāt (6, 3, 106) hrasvaḥ| itaścetaḥ śaraṇārthino dhavanti dhavāḥ| "ko ghāṃ śayutrā vidhaveva devaram (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 8, 18, 2)"—iti nigamaḥ || (4) jantavaḥ| 'janī prādurbhāve (di0 ā0)'—'kamima-nijanigāmāyāhibhyaśca (u0 1, 70)'—iti tupratyayaḥ| jāyante jantavaḥ| "irajyannagne prathayasva jantubhiḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 7, 28, 4)"—iti nigamaḥ || (5) viśaḥ| 'viśa praveśane (tu0 pa0)' kip| viśanti anu praviśanti sarvakarmasvadhikāritvena| yadvā, anupraviṣṭāḥ ātmīyabhūrājādeḥ śritā ityarthaḥ| "viśo rājānamupatasthurarṇyam (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 5, 10, 4)"—iti nigamaḥ || (6) kṣitayaḥ| 'kṣi nivāsagatyoḥ (tu0 pa0)' 'kticktau ca saṃjñāyām (3, 3, 174)'—iti ktic| kṣiyanti nivasanti bhūmau gacchanti vā tasyām| "anu kośanti kṣitayo bhareṣu (ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 7, 11, 5)"—iti nigamaḥ ||
72.3.3
'kṛṣa vilekhane (bhū0 pa0)' bhāve ktaḥ | karmaṇā kṛṣṭam| karmaṇā karmaviśeṣeṇa cātra sāmānyataḥ karmamātraṃ lakṣyate, kṛṣṭaṃ karma, tadasyāstīti 'lugakāraikārarephāśca vaktavyāḥ (4, 4, 128 vā0)'—iti ikārapratyayaḥ| tathāca bhāṣyakāraḥ—'kṛṣṭaya iti manuṣyāṇām karmavanto bhavanti (ṛ0 saṃ0 sā0 bhā0 3, 4, 5, 1)'—iti| tathāca śrībhagavadgītāyām—'naiva kaścit kṣaṇamapi jātu tiṣṭhatyakarmakṛt (ma0 bhā0 bhī0 pa0 26 a0 5 ślo0)'—iti| yadvā, śuddho'pi kṛṣirvipūrvasyārthe vartate| karmaṇi ktaḥ| vividhaṃ kṛṣṭo cikṣiptaparikaṇḍūyanādyabhilaṣita-kriyānuṣṭhānasamarthaḥ kaḥ? ityapekṣāyāṃ vikṛṣṭadehatvaṃ kṛṣṭasāmarthyāddeham, sa eṣāmastīti pūrvavanmatvarthīyaḥ| tathāca bhāṣyam—'cikṛṣṭadehā vā (ṛ0 saṃ0 sā0 bhā0 3, 4, 5, 1)'—iti| 'kṛṣanti prāntaṃ padābhyām'—iti mādhavaḥ| 'karṣanti gharṣīkurvanti'—iti bhaṭṭabhāskaramiśraḥ| "mitraḥ kṛṣṭīranimiṣābhicaṣṭe (ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 4, 5, 1)"—sadyaścidyaḥ śavasā pañca kṛṣṭīḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 8, 36, 3)"—iti ca nigamau || caraterdhātoḥ (bhū0 pa0) 'arttisrudhṛdhasyaśya-vitṛbhyo'niḥ (u0 2, 65)'—iti bahulavacanādanipratyaye guṇāgamaśca caraṇavantaḥ caraṇaśīlāḥ| yadvā, 'kṛṣerādeśca caḥ (u0 2, 67)'—iti anipratyaye kṛṣeretadrūpam| ākarṣanti vaśīkurvanti ityarthaḥ'—iti bhaṭṭabhāskaramiśraḥ| yadvā, varṣaṇayaḥ vāyitāro draṣṭāraḥ sarveṣāṃ padārthānām| yadyapi paśyatikarmasu (nigha0 2, 2) vicarṣaṇiriti paṭhitam, tathāpi 'pitā kuṭasya carṣaṇiḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 3, 33, 4)'—ityatra 'cāyayitā draṣṭā'—iti skandasvāminā vyākhyātam|
72.3.4
"pra carṣaṇibhyaḥ pṛtanāhaveṣu (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 7, 26, 1)"—"mahām̐ indro nṛṣadā carṣaṇiprāḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 6, 7, 1)"—iti ca nigamau || (6) nahuṣaḥ| 'ṇaha bandhane (di0 u0)'| 'janerusiḥ (u0 2, 108)'—iti bāhulakāt uspratyayaḥ, jas, nahuṣaḥ| nahyante karmabhiḥ pūrvakṛtaiḥ saṃsāre nahyanti vā nahanīyam| "sacā sanema nahuṣaḥ suvīrāḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 1, 2, 3)"—"ā yātaṃ nahuṣaspari (ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 8, 25, 3)"—ityādayo nigamāḥ || akārāntamidaṃ nāma keṣucit kośeṣu dṛśyate| tadā 'ṛna-hibhyāmuṣan'—iti upanpratyayaḥ| pūrvavadarthaḥ| "prasannāṇasya nahuṣasya śoṣaḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 1, 4, 6)"—iti nigamaḥ| (10) harayaḥ| 'hṛñ haraṇe' bhvādiḥ' 'ha prasahyakaraṇe juhotyādiḥ'| 'in sarvadhātubhyaḥ (u0 4, 114)'—itīnpratyayaḥ| haranti padārthān, prasahyīkriyante vā mṛtyuneti vā| tathāca mṛtyuvākyam—'ahaṃ prajāścākuśatīrharāmi'—iti nigamonveṣaṇīyaḥ || (11) maryāḥ, (12) martyāḥ| 'mṛṅ prāṇatyāge (tu0 ā0), annyādayaśca (u0 4, 108)'—iti yatpratyayāntaṃ nipātyate, tuḍāgamastu vikalpena, guṇaḥ| mriyante martyāḥ| chandasi niekaryadevahrayapraṇīyonnīyocchiṣyamarya (3, 1, 123)'–ityādinā yatpratyayāntaṃ nipātitam| "ko nu maryā amimitaḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 3, 48, 37)"–"maryyāyeva kanyā śāśvacai ta (ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 2, 13, 5)"–"maryanna yoṣā kṛṇute sadhastha ā (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 8, 18, 2)"–iti nigamāḥ| yadvā, 'mṛṅ prāṇatyāge (tu0 ā0)' 'hasisṛgnirāvāmidamilrapūdhūrvibhyastan (u0 3, 83)'–iti tanpratyayaḥ| arthaḥ pūrvavat| marttaśabdāt 'casvamartte yaviṣṭheyyaśchandasi'–iti svārthikastaddhito yat| "yo martyeṣvamṛto ṛtāvā (ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 4, 16, 1)"–iti nigamaḥ||
72.3.5
(13) marttāḥ| vyākhyātāḥ| "mā no marttā abhidruhan (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 1, 10, 5)" "taṃ marttā amaryam (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 6, 25, 1)"–iti ca nigamau|| (14) vātāḥ| 'vṛñ varaṇe (svā0 u0)' 'tātavrātalāt supitta'–ityādi sūtreṇa bhojarājena kṛtpratyaye ār̤āgamo nipātyate| vṛṇvanti svamabhimataṃ devatābhyaḥ tapasārādhitebhyaḥ praviśante vā yajñādau| yadvā, vāto dhānyādisañcayaḥ| tadvanto vātāḥ| matvarthīyo'kāraḥ| yadvā, vratamiti karmanāma (nigha0 2, 1) annaṃ vā| annamapi vratāyaitasmādevetyukteḥ tadīyāḥ tasyedam (4, 3, 120)'–ityaṇ| 'karmaṇā jāyate jantuḥ karmaṇaiva pramucyate'–ityukteḥ karmaṇāmardhakāritvācca manuṣyāṇāṃ karmasambandhitvam| 'atho annād bhūtāni jāyante jātānya- 'iṇ gatau (adā0 pa0)' 'chandasīṇaḥ (u0 1, 2)—ityuṇapratyayaḥ | gacchanti grāmāt grāmam, gamanaśīlāḥ | "bāhubhyāmagnimāyavo'jananta (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 6, 2, 5)"—"āyorhaṃ skambha upamasya nīle (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 5, 33, 6)"—iti ca nigamau | 'antodātta āyuśabdo manuṣyavacanaḥ'—iti mādhavaḥ || 'yamu uparame (bhū0 pa0)' 'yamerduk—iti śrībhojadevaḥ | 'anudāttopadeśavanatitanotyādīnām (6, 4, 37)'—ityādinā anunāsikalopaḥ | yamyante niyamyante ācāryeṇa apathapravṛttāḥ, rājñā vā | "yo asti yādvaḥ paśuḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 7, 16, 1)"—iti nigamaḥ | atra mādhavaḥ—'yaduṣu bhavo yādvo yaduriti manuṣyanāma'—iti ||
72.3.6
'ana prāṇane (adā0 pa0)' 'aṇaśca (u0 1, 8)'—iti vidhīyamāna upratyayo bāhulakāt bhavati | anantyanavaḥ | jñānavattvādeteṣāṃ dharmādyanuṣṭhānāt prāṇanasya phalavattvāt anantītyucyante | itare paścādayo jñānahīnatvāt niṣphalaprāṇanāḥ | tathāntyopaniṣadi—'tasya ya ātmānaṃ vistaraṃ veda'—ityatra prakaraṇe jñānavattvāt puruṣasya vaiśiṣṭyaṃ pratipāditam | "rodhāya vidvadanavāya"—iti nigamaḥ | atra mādhavaḥ—'anuriti manuṣyanāma'—iti | "anavaste rathamaśvāya takṣan (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 1, 26, 4)"—iti ca | atra 'anavaḥ ṛbhavaḥ te ca manuṣyāḥ' | 'marttāsaḥ santo amṛtatvamānaśuḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 1,7,30,4)'—iti śrutiḥ| tathā brāhmaṇamapi—'ārśvaṃ śaṃsatyṛbhavo vai deveṣu tapasā somapītha mabhyajan (ai0 brā0 3, 3,5)'—ityādi, 'tibhyo vai devā apaivāvībhatsanta manuṣyagandhāt (ai0 brā0 3, 3,5)'—iti ca || 'pūrī āpyāyane (di0 ā0)' bhṛmṛśī-tṛcaritsari (u0 1, 7)'—ityādinā bāhulakāt upratyayaḥ| pūrayitavyāḥ kāmānāṃ 'rūpyāṃ kuḥ'—iti śrībhojadevaḥ| pūtāḥ śuddhāḥ jñānārthibhirityarthaḥ| "yaṃ pūravo vṛtrahaṇaṃ sacante (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 4, 25, 6)"—iti nigamaḥ || 'gaslṛ gatau (bhū0 pa0)'| varttamāne pṛṣadvṛhanmahajjagacchatṛvacca (u0 2, 78)'—iti kvippratyayānto nipātyate| pratyayasyādādeśaḥ, dvirvacanaṃ, nañi lopaśca nipātyate| gacchati grāmāt grāmāntaram| "yadeṣāmagra jagatāmirajyasi (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 3, 6, 2)"—iti nigamaḥ ||
72.3.7
'ṣṭhā gatinivṛttau (bhū0 pa0)'| 'chandasi luṅlaṅliṭaḥ (3, 4, 6)'| 'kasuḥ (3, 2, 107)'| 'vasve-kājādyuṣām (7, 2, 67)'—iti iḍāgamaḥ| 'āto lopaḥ (6, 4, 64)'| 'liṭi dhātoḥ (6, 1, 8)'—iti dvitvam| 'śarpūrvāḥ khayaḥ (7, 4, 61)'—iti thakārasya śeṣaḥ| 'abhyāse carca (8, 4, 54)'—iti takāraḥ| tasthivas iti sthite jasaḥ sthāne vyatyayena śas (3, 1, 85)| 'vasoḥ samprasāraṇam (6, 4, 131)'| 'śāsivasighasīnāñca (8, 3, 60)'— iti ṣaṭtvam| tiṣṭhanti svasmin dharme| "carantaṃ pari tasthuṣaḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 1, 11, 1)"--iti nigamaḥ| atra vājasaneya-bhāṣyakṛdvaṭaḥ 'tasthuṣo manuṣyāḥ ṛtvigyajamānā ityarthaḥ'-- iti||
72.3.8
atra bhāṣyam--'tatra pañcajanā ityetasya nigamā bhavanti| "tadya vācaḥ prathamaṃ masīya0--0juṣadhvam (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 1, 13, 4)"| tadyavācaḥ paramaṃ masīya 'yenāsurānabhibhavema devāḥ'| asurā asuratā sthāneṣvastāsthānebhya iti vāpi vāsuriti prāṇanāmāstaḥ śarīre bhavati tena tadvantaḥ| sordevānasṛjata tatsurāṇāṃ suratvamasorasurānasṛjata tadasurāṇāmasuratvamiti vijñāyate| 'ūrjāda uta yajñiyāsaḥ'| annādāśca yajñiyāścorgityannanāmorjayatīti sataḥ pakvaṃ su pravṛkṇamiti vā|| 'pañcajanā mama hotraṃ juṣadhvam'| gandharvāḥ pitaro devā asurā rakṣāṃsītyeke, catvāro varṇāḥ niṣādaḥ pañcamaḥ ityaupamanyavaḥ| niṣādaḥ kasmāt? niṣadano bhavati niṣaṇṇamasmin pāpakamiti nairuktāḥ| "yat pāñcajanyayā viśā (ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 4, 43, 1)"| pañcajanīnayā viśā, pañca pṛktā saṅkhyā liṅgatrayayogeṣvaviśiṣṭā (niru0 3, 7, 8)'--iti| asya skandasvāmī--'pañcajanā ityetasya sandigdhasya vivekārthaṃ nigamā bhavanti sandehaśca manuṣyanāmasu pāṭhāt pañcaśabdena samānādhikaraṇaḥ| tatra yadi devadattādipañcakaviṣayaḥ syāt gandharvādipañcakaviṣayo vā, na manuṣyamātranāmaviṣayatātra syāt, manuṣyamātranāmaitadityācāryamatāntarapradarśanāya
72.3.9
padadvayamidamamanuṣyapadārthe vartante iti vaicitryapradarśanārtha upanyāsaḥ| na manuṣyanāmatvena ca draṣṭavyaḥ| ekīyamatena cāṣṭau devatāyā ucyante| tatra pakṣe nāgānāṃ gandharveṣu, yakṣāṇāmasureṣu, piśācānāṃ rakṣasvantarbhāvāddṛṣṭvāvirodhāt| tadadya vācaḥ| saucīkasyārthe viśveṣāṃ devānāṃ saṃvādo hotṛjapaścāyam| tad adya asmin karmaṇi vāco mādhyamikāyāḥ prathamamutkṛṣṭaṃ svarasauṣṭhavārthasadanatvadevatāviśiṣṭaṃ masīya jānīya| yena ajñānena asurā yajñavighnaṃ kurvantaḥ, he devāḥ! adya tānabhibhavesa| he ūrjād! uta api yajñiyāsaḥ yajñasya sampādayitāraḥ pañcajanāḥ ācāryamatena ṛtvigmanuṣyāḥ| yamavyavasthapatīṣṭau niṣādānāṃ yajñasampāditvamasti, śūdrasyāpyodanasave, 'āyurasīti śūdrāya prayacchati, tatte prayacchāmīti śūdraḥ pratigṛhṇāti'—ityevamādinā| tathā 'dāsī pinaṣṭi patnī vetyatra dāsyādervyāpārādapyevaṃ yajñasampāditvamekīyamatena| paśca yajñāṅgabhūtā devagandharvādayaḥ sādhanabhāvena yajñasampādinaḥ| ata ucyate—'mama hotraṃ juṣadhvam'| hotṛkarma juṣadhvam sampādayatetyarthaḥ| anye manyante—yadekīyamataṃ yaccaupamanyavasya tadubhayamapyācāryasyeti| tathā ca mantravyākhyānam—pañcajātayo brāhmaṇādayo yajñiyāḥ gandharvādayaḥ sarve'pi hotuḥ saṅkhyena vyāpāreṇa sevyadhvamiti sampratyayāsādhāraṇaṃ manuṣyamātranāmatvenaiva nigamaṃ darśayati 'yat pāñcajanyayā viśā'| pragāthasyārṣam| yat yadā pāñcajanyayā pañcajaneṣu manuṣyeṣu bhavayā viśeṣati pañcabhirapi manuṣyajātairityarthaḥ'—ityādi| pañceti nirvācyam
72.3.10
pṛkketi nirvacanam| saṅkhyeti viṣayakathanaṃ sambandhavat sarvaliṅgairityāha—'liṅgatrayayoge'pyavaśiṣṭā'—iti| nan ṣaḍārdīnyapyavaśiṣṭāni? ucyate—pratyayopāttarūpasambandhasyārthābhidhānādadoṣa ityuktam| api ca yā pṛktā sā pañceti kintu yā pañca sā pṛkteti tadanyatra ekapadaniruktavyākhyānam, yat pañcajanyāyetyasya dvitīyapādādivyākhyānaṃ cāsākamatrānupayuktatvācca likhitam| 'pṛcī samparke (ru0 pa0)'| kanin yuvṛpi (u0 1, 154)'—ityatra prākpratyayanirdeśasyādhikavidhyarthatvāt kanini vāhulakāt ṛkārasyākāro nakāra upajanadhra| bhojarājastu— 'vṛṣitakṣirājighasipacipratihihibhyaḥ kan'—ityāha, tadā 'paci vistāre (cu0 pa0)'—iti dhātuḥ| ekādibhyo vistīrṇā pañcasaṅkhyā| jāyante janāḥ| pañcādyac (3, 1, 134)| 'pañcabhirbhūtairjātāḥ pañcajanāḥ'—iti kṣīrasvāmī|| (24) vivasvantaḥ| 'vasa nivāse (bhū0 pa0)' ityasmāt 'anyebhyo'pi dṛśyante (3, 2, 75)'—iti kvip, dṛśigrahaṇāt bhāve bhavati| vividhaṃ vasanaṃ vivaḥ, tadvanto vivasvantaḥ| sarvesyāpi manuṣyasya yat kiñcit vivasanamasti| 'vivasvacchabda ādityavācyādyudāttaḥ, anyatra manuṣyaviśeṣe yajamāne dvitīyāyāścaimudāttam'—iti mādhavaḥ| "āvirbhava sūktarūpā vivasvate (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 2, 32, 3)"—"śivo dūto vivasvataḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 3, 22, 3)"—iti ca nigamau| atra vivasvān yajamānaḥ'—iti mādhavabhāṣyam| 'maho jāyā vivasvatośca nāśa (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 6 23, 1)'--ityādityavacanasyodāharaṇam|| (25) pṛtanāḥ| 'pṛṅ vyāyāme (tu0 ā0)'| "tvayādhyakṣeṇa pṛtanā jayeyam (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 7, 15, 1)"--iti nigamaḥ||
72.3.11
manuṣyāṇāṃ bahutvaṃ, tato bahuvacanāntatvam, tathā nighaṇṭuṣvapi| 'manuṣyā mānuṣā marttyā manujā mānavā narāḥ| syuḥ pumāṃsaḥ pañcajanāḥ puruṣāḥ pūruṣā viśaḥ|| (ama0 ko0 2, 6, 1)'--ityādiṣu ca bahuvacanāntatā dṛśyate||
Linked texts (1)
- Nighaṇṭu — Yāska, Sanskrit