Yāska's Nirukta 188
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 188
- Language
- Sanskrit
Contents
- 188.1 — 7 parts
188.1.1
“haviṣpāntam (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 10, 1,-10, 7, 4, 1)”-iti || sūktametat mūrddhanvata āṅgirasasyārṣam, vāmadevasya vā | vyūḍhasya daśarātrasya pañcame'hanyābhimārutasya pratipat || “haviḥ” katamat ? “yat” etat “pāntam” pānārhaṃ pānayogyaṃ ca devānāṃ ca puroḍāśādinirdagdhasthūlabhāvamagninā kriyate | “ajaram” jarāyipariṇāmaḥ, yataḥ paraṃ vipariṇāmo nāsti kaścit, tatpravivekamāpāditamagninā | yadetat “svarvidi” svaḥ ādityaḥ, taṃ vetti yathāsau veditavya iti, tadarthaṃ vā vetti haviḥ, sa svarvidayamagniḥ, na sūryyaḥ || bhāṣyakāro'pi vyapadeśena nirāha-“sūryyavidi” iti | “divispṛśi” dyāmaptau spṛśatyahanyahani havirupanayannādityam | “āhutam” “abhihutaṃ” visṛṣṭam | “juṣṭam” priyaṃ devānām | “tasya” haviṣaḥ “bharmaṇe” “bharaṇāya” sambharaṇāya bahulīkaraṇāya, api nāma ayamagnirityetad bahu kuryyādityevamartham | “bhāvanāya ca” vibhūtiyuktamupajāyetetyevamarthamapi etat kathaṃ nāma devatā tṛptisamarthaṃ kuryyāditi “dharmaṇe” “dhāraṇāya” avicchedanāya | kathaṃ nāmaitat devatābhyo nityaṃ prāpayediti | “etebhyaḥ” “karmabhyaḥ” arthāt “imam” eva “agniṃ” pṛthivīsthānaṃ sādhayate | “svadhayā” “annena” haviṣā, ājyena puroḍāśena ca | yaduktaṃ nigame-“ghṛtaṃ cāpāṃ puruṣaṃ cauṣadhīnām” iti | tadetat “apaprathanta” devāḥ avarddhayantetyarthaḥ || evametasmin sūkte prathame mantre yadetadagniliṅgamaspṛṣṭaṃ vaiśvānaraśabdena, tadasaṃśayamagnivāci |
188.1.2
tatpunaretatsūktaṃ 'haviṣpāntīyam' prāgevāgneyaṃ karoti, prāthamyāt, prathamaṃ loke yo hi śrūyate, sa svenābhidhānenāvyabhicāriṇopakramyate stotum, tato'nyairnāmaiḥ stūyate -tvaṃ rājā tvamindra ityevamādibhiḥ | tathaivaṃ kṛtvā asmin sūkte yo vaiśvānaraśabdaḥ uttaratra sa tasyaivāgneḥ pṛthivīsthānasya vyañjanamātraṃ bhavati | 7 | 25 | yathā cāyameva pṛthivīstho'gnirveśvānaraḥ, na madhyamaḥ, tathemamaparaṃ mantraṃ svapakṣoddhigāvadhidhayā anyasmāt sūktāt bhinnajyotirlakṣaṇamānīya madhyamottamayorjyotiṣoranyatvavyapadeśakto vaiśvānarasya nirṇinīṣan prakreti- “athāpyāha”-iti || apāmupastha upasthāne mahatyantarikṣaloka āsīnā mahānta iti vāgṛhṇata mādhyamikā devagaṇā viśa iva rājānamupatasthurṛgmiyamṛgmantamiti vārcanīyamiti vā pūjanīyamiti vāharadyaṃ dūto devānāṃ vivasvata ādityādvivasvānnivāsanavān preritavataḥ parāgatādvāpi bāsyāgnervaiśvānarasya mātariśvānamāharttāramāha ||
188.1.3
1. “mūrddhā bhuvo bhavati naktama0 ( ṛ0 saṃ0/8, 4, 11, 1 )”-iti || “mūrddhā” “mūrtamasmin” sarve sattvajātamupanibaddha “dhīyate” yathā hi śiraso viyoge tadgato'vaśyaṃ bhāvi maraṇam, evamagniviyoge'pyavaśyaṃ mriyante bhūtāni ityataḥ pradhānam ‘agniḥ’ ‘mūrddhā’ “bhuvaḥ” bhūlokasya bhavati | viśeṣatastu “naktam” rātrau tatkṛtatvādālokasya, bhūtānāṃ cātrapaktestatkṛtatvāt | tat kimayamanyo'gniranyaḥ sūrya iti ? na ityucyate“tataḥ sūryo jāyate prātarudyan” rātrāvagnitvena lokasyopakāraṃ kṛtvā tataḥ anantarameva prabhātayāṃ rātryāmāhnikairupakārairupakariṣyan lokasya sūryaḥ bhūtvā jāyate, prātarudyan “sa eva” ayamagniḥ | tasya iyaṃ “māyā” || ka enāṃ jānāti ? māyāṃ “tvetāṃ” “yajñiyānāṃ” “devānām, yajñasampādinām” satattvavido manyante || tat kim ? iti | “apa ” “yat” “karma” svādhikāraprayuktam, ātmādhikāraprayuktam, ādityātmanā agnyātmanā ca karttavyam “prajānan” prakarṣeṇa jānan “sarvāṇi sthānāni anusañcarate” “tūrṇiḥ” “tvaramāṇaḥ” karmakālamaparihāpayannityabhiprāyaḥ | 7 | 27 | “tasyottarā bhūyase nirvacanāya” | yathā caitadeva tathaiyamaparā ṛk bhūyastarametamevārthaṃ vakti ||-[ kiṃ pūrvayā nokta yadanayā bhūyastara nirvvacyate ? iti | sthānadvayamabhisampannaḥ pūrvayā stutaḥ,-mūrddhā bhuvo bhavatyagnirnakta tataḥ sūryyātmanā prātarabhyudeti, atha punaruttarayā sthānatrayamabhisampannaḥ sphuṭataraṃ stūyate, -ityetada bhūyastvam || ] “stomena hi divi ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 11, 5 )”-iti | “stomena” stutibhiḥ, “śaktibhiḥ” “karmabhiḥ” agnihotrādibhiḥ|“divi” dyuloke | etam “agnim”
188.1.4
ādityātmanā | 'rodasī' “dyāvāpṛthivyoḥ” “prāṃ” “pūraṇaṃ” “devāṃsaḥ” “devāḥ”, “ajījanan” ajanayan yajamānāḥ | te hi haviṣāṃ dātāraḥ śaśvat śraddhayā | “eṣa nodiyād yadyetāmaprāvāhutiṃ na juhuyāditi āhutibhirevainaṃ janayanti”-iti | “tam akṛṇvan” tamevāgniṃ kṛtavantaḥ | “tredhā bhuve kam” kamityanarthako nipātaḥ | “tredhābhāvāya” “pṛthivyām, antarikṣe divi” ca | “saḥ” evamavasthito jagadyātrāsiddhaye sarvāvasthaḥ “oṣadhīḥ pacati” “viśvarūpāḥ” sarvarūpā iti || prakṛtasyaiva śākapūṇeḥ punargṛhaṇaṃ svapakṣānusmṛtaye | saṅkaro hyasmin sūkte ātmavidaivatayājñikānāmiti | 7 | 28 | '"yadainamadadhuryajñiyāsaḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 12, 1)"-iti | "yadainam" "sūryam" "ādityam" "aditeḥ putram" 'divi adadhuḥ' dyuloke sthāpitavantaḥ, "devāḥ" "yajñiyāsaḥ" yajñasampāditaḥ, yajamānāḥ yajñena karmaṇā sarvasyāsyāpūrvakṛtatvājjagadviracanāprapañcasya | raśmayo vā devāḥ sauryāḥ yadainamunnītavantaḥ | "yadā" caitau "cariṣṇū" "sarvadā sahacaraṇaśīlau" "mithunau" "prāduḥ" 'abhūtām' "uṣāścādityaśca" | "āt" atha tadā "prāpaśyan" prakarṣeṇāpaśyan "bhuvanāni" bhūtāni, "viśvā" viśvāni sarvāṇi ||
188.1.5
"mithunau kasmāt ?" "minotiḥ" tāvadatra "śrayatikarmā" mithunaśabde pūrvapadaṃ 'mi'-iti | 'thu'-iti nāmakaraṇaḥ pratyayaḥ, "thakāro vā" nāmakaraṇo vikalpena | "nayatiḥ paraḥ" uttarapadaṃ, "vanirvā" vikalpena | yadā tāvat 'thu'-iti nāmakaraṇo nayatiśca paraḥ, tadā dhātoḥ pūrvatvāt pratyayasya ca paratvāt 'mi-na-thuḥ'--iti prāpte rūḍherbalīyastvāt madhyāntaviparyayeṇa mithunāvityuktam | atha punaryadā thakāro nāmakaraṇaḥ, tadā vaniruttaraḥ, tadā vakārasya samprasāraṇam, samprasāraṇaparapūrvatvaṃ madhyāntaviparyayaḥ | thakāraṃ ca yaḥ svaraḥ, tasya lopaḥ, thakāraśca ukāramupasaṃkrāmet | evaṃ mithunāviti sidhyati || atha ko'rthaḥ ? "samāśritau" "anyonyaṃ" prati ātmānaṃ "nayataḥ" kālaṃ vā samāśritau bhavataḥ parasparaṃ sambhaktau | "manuṣyamithunau api etasmāt eva" | athavā methatermanuṣyamithunau syātām, tau hi karmārtha "methantau" iva paraspareṇa kālaṃ nayataḥ | 7 | 29 | "atha" punaḥ "enam" ādityam "etayā" uttarayarcā etasminneva sūkte "agnīkṛtya" hotṛtvena "stauti" hotṛtvaṃ hyagneḥ karma, na sūryasya | tasmādidamagnivaiśvānarīyaṃ sūktam ||
188.1.6
“yatrā vadet0-(ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 13, 2)” || “yatra” yasmin karmaṇi “vi vadete” verupasargasyāpakṛṣya yatra kriyāpadena sāmarthyaṃ tatrānayanam | kau punastau vivadete ? “avaraḥ paraśca” “daivyau hotārau”-“ayaṃ ca agniḥ” pārthivaḥ “asau ca madhyamaḥ” vāyuḥ || kathaṃ vivadete ? “yajñanyoḥ” yajñanetryoḥ | ubhāvapyāvāṃ yajñasya netārau, tat kataraḥ “nau” āvayoḥ “yajñe” “bhūyaḥ” bahu “veda” iti | tatra ya ete “sakhāyaḥ” “samānakhyānā ṛtvijaḥ” yajñe niyuktāḥ “nakṣanta” samaśnuvate “yajñam” ta evaṃ “sadhamādam” sahamādam “sahamadanam” saharṣam uccaiḥśrutya anayoḥ “āśekuḥ” “āśaknuvanti” || athāśaknuvantaśca kiṃ brūyuḥ ? “ka idaṃ vivocan” ‘ko na idaṃ vivakṣyatīti” katara etayoryajñe bhūyo veda ? iti, ubhāvapyetau yajñe bhūyovidāvityabhiprāyaḥ | 7 | 30 | yathāgnipradhānametat sūktaṃ hotṛkarmaṇā'gnigambaddhatvāt viśeṣālliṅgena, na sūryapradhānam, “tasyottarā” tathā iyamaparā ṛk “bhūyase nirvacanāya” bahutarāya nirūpya vacanāya || pūrvaisyoḥ ko viśeṣaḥ ? asyāṃ hi, vibhajya vāyoḥ kevalò'gniraṃva stūyate, pūrvasyāṃ mubhāvapi bhūyovidāvṛtyuktam ||
188.1.7
“yāvanmātramuṣaso na pratīkam (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 13, 4.)”-iti | atra na-kāraḥ sampratyartha eva, upamānāsambhavāt | loke'pi ca-asti upamānasya sampratyarthe prayogaḥ-‘iheva nidhehīti yathā' iha samprati nidhehītyarthaḥ | mātariśvanā kaścit pṛṣṭaḥ-daivyasya hotuḥ agneḥ yad vijñānaṃ tat kimayaṃ brāhmaṇo manuṣyahotā yajñamupāyan bibhartti ?-iti || sa taṃ prattyāha-he “mātariśvaḥ !” “yāvanmātram” “uṣasaḥ” “pratīkaṃ” “pratyaktam” pratyañcitaṃ pratigataṃ prakāśasya, “etāḥ” “suparṇyaḥ” “supatanāḥ” “rātrayaḥ” ātmani anupraviṣṭaṃ “vasate” chādayanti, abhibhūya tamo varttante svayameva | athavā vasatirdarśanārthaḥ | yāvanmātramuṣaso rātriṣu dṛśyante, “tāvat” ityevamapi svalpameva | etāvanmātramayaṃ svalpavijñāna upāyan “yajñaṃ” “brāhmaṇaḥ” hotṛtve vṛto hotṛpadane “niṣīdan” “dadhāti” dhārayati | daivyasyāgneḥ parasya bhūyovidaḥ, avaraḥ anyo'lpaviditi anukarotyalpamiti, mānuṣo hi agnyanugrahādena ayamalpavijñāno'pi hotā hotraṃ karoti iti pārthivo'gniviśeṣato'bhiṣṭhūyate || tadetadevaṃ kṛtvā sūktamagnipradhānakarmatvāt vaiśvānarīyam | ye'tra vaiśvānaraśabdāḥ, te pārthivāgniṃ bhajante viśeṣaṇatvena | 7 | 31 |
188.2
brāhmaṇamapi caitamevārthaṃ bravītyayamevāgniradityo bhavatīti,-“yadasya divi tṛtīyaṃ tadasāvāditya iti brāhmaṇam” | asya -iti vyapadeśāt pārthivasyāgneḥ prādhānyaṃ darśayati | ubhābhyāṃ pakṣābhyāṃ vyāvṛtya svapakṣasādhanamuktvā devatāmatattvamālambya nirucyate | ekamevedaṃ jyotiḥ, jyotiṣvāviśeṣāt | tatpunaraṃtajjagadyātrāsiddhaye tridhā vibhakta pṛthivyāmantarikṣe divi ca vibhaktābhidhānaṃ sampadyate, agnirviyadāditya iti|
7|
28|
“hotṛjapastvanagnirvaiśvānarīyo bhavati”| evamapi tu sati ayam anagniḥ vaiśvānaraḥ hotṛjapaḥ | “deva savitaretaṃ tvā vṛṇate'gniṃ hotrāya sa ha pitrā vaiśvānareṇaiti”| evametaṃ japa varṇayanti | “imam eva agniṃ savitāram āha” pārthivam, “sarvasya prasavitāram” yajñadvāreṇa “madhyamaṃ vā uttamaṃ vā” “pitaram” asya vaiśvānaramāha | saha tena vaiśvānareṇa pitrā | evaṃ dvau pitāputrāviti vyapadeśāt pārthivādanyo vaiśvānaraḥ | sa ca punarmadhyamo vottamo vetyevamevamayamanāgnarvaiśvānaratve'pi sati hotṛjapaḥ |
7 |
31 |
188.3
“apāmupasthe (ṛ0 sa0 4, 5, 10, 4)” iti | bharadvājasyārṣam | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate || “apāmupasthe” “upasthāne” yatropagamya tiṣṭhantyāpaḥ so'pāmupasthaḥ, antarikṣalokaḥ, tasminnapāmupasthe | “mahati” vistīrṇe | sainyāḥ “mahiṣāḥ” “mādhyamikā devagaṇāḥ” | athavā “mahiṣāḥ” ta eva “mahāntaḥ”| kimakūrvan ? “agṛbhṇan” “agṛhṇan” | gṛhītvā ca “viśaḥ” “viśa iva” manuṣyā iva “rājānam” parivārtha “upattasthuḥ” | “ṛgmiyam” ṛgbhiḥ stutibhiḥ tadvantam, “arcanīyam” arcanārhaṃ vā || katamam ? iti | “yam” “ā abharat” “āharat” | “dūtaḥ” devānā “mātariśvā” vāyuḥ ‘agnima’ “vaiśvānaram” kutaḥ ? “parāvataḥ” “preritavataḥ” prakarṣeṇa īritavataḥ, preritatarāt, “parāgatādvā” dūratarāt “vivasvataḥ” ādityāt, vivāsanakriyayā tamamāṃ tadgatasta paryagṛhṇan antarikṣe loke | gṛhītvā copattasthuḥ viśa iva rājānam || “mātariśvā vāyuḥ” | sa hi “mātari antarikṣa” apratibadhyamānaśaktiḥ “śvasiti” gacchati | athavā-“mātari” “āśu aniti” gacchati ||
evametasmin mantre yata āhi̱yate, yena cāhi̱yate, yaścāhi̱yate, sarve te pṛthag vyapadiṣṭāḥ | atra vivasvata āhi̱yate mātariśvanā vaiśvānara iti | tasmādetayorvivasvanmātariśvanoḥ sannidhānavyapadeśe sati sākṣād vaiśvānaraśabdena pārthiva ukta iti vyavatiṣṭhate pārthivo vaiśvānara iti || atha punaryadaṅgīkṛtya sūryādisambandhi viśeṣaliṅgaṃ haviṣpāntī̱yasya sauryyavaiśvānaratvamuktam ( 7 |
23 | 7 ) - "viśva̍smā a̱gniṃ bhuva̍nāya de̱vā vaiśvāna̱raṃ ke̱tumahā̍makṛṇvan ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 12, 2 )" -iti, nānyaḥ sūryyādahnāṃ karttā, tasmāt sūryyo'tra vaiśvānara iti || atra brūmaḥ- pārthiva evāyamagniḥ sūkte prathamāyāmṛci prakṛtyottarāsvāśu etasmin sūkte prakṛtibhūmnā stūyate, mahata ātmano māhābhāgyāt | api tarhi sattvānyaśvaprabhṛtīni prakṛtibhūmabhiḥ stūyante, -kimaṅga punardevatāḥ, tāsāmapi ca viśeṣato'gniḥ, yasya sarvvadevatātmābhivādaḥ sākṣāt "agniḥ sarvā devatāḥ ( ai0 brā0 2, 1, 2 )" "indra̍ṃ mi̱traṃ varu̍ṇama̱gnim ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 3, 22, 6 )" -iti | tadetadetasminneva sūkte sphuṭataramupadiśyate |
7 |
26 |
yathā pārthiva evāyamagniḥ tena tena devatāviśeṣeṇa devatātmanā tatsthānamāpannaḥ stūyata iti tadarthamidamāha- "athainametābhyāṃ sarvāṇi sthānānyabhyāpādaṃ stauti" etābhyāṃ ye ete vakṣyamāṇe sarvāṇi sthānāni pṛthivyantaṃārakṣadyulakṣaṇāni abhyāpādya abhyāpādya ityabhyāpādaṃ stauti mantradṛk -||
tannaivaṃ sati jyotiṣo divi tṛtīyamādityākhyamasmin sūkte paryāyeṣvakṣu “haviṣpāntam” -ityevamādyāsu agnīkṛtya mantradṛk stauti |
7 |
28 |
“athainametayā” punaḥ “ādityīkṛtya stauti”- ❊
yadainamadadhuryajñiyāḥ sarve divi devāḥ sūryamāditeyamaditeḥ putraṃ yadā cāriṣṇū mithunau prādurabhūtāṃ sarvadā sahacāriṇāvṛṣāśvādityaśca |
atrāpi “yastu sūktaṃ bhajate, yasmai havirnirupyate'yameva so'gnirvaiśvānaraḥ”| kiṃ kāraṇam ? anagnivaiśvānaratve'pi sati hotṛjapasyāyameva pārthivo'gnivaiśvānara ityava-
dhriyate yājñikapakṣe | ācāryyapakṣe ca ayamevaiko mantro vyapadeśaheturagnervaiśvānaratvaṃ bravīti | samprati mantreṇāmervyapadeśavatā agnervaiśvānaratvavācinā "ā dū̱to a̱gnima̍bharad vi̱vasva̍no vaiśvā̱naraṃ mā̍ta̱riśvarrā parā̱vataḥ” ityanena śākapūṇipakṣeṇa svenāvyabhicāriṇā sabhībhavati | taddhitavyapadeśādayastu pārthivasya vaiśvānaratvasādhakā viśeṣahetavaḥ ṣaḍavyabhicāriṇo'tiricyante || etasmād viśeṣahetubāhulyāt ayameva pārthivo'gnirvaiśvānaraḥ sūktabhāk havirbhāk ca |
7 |
31 |
188.31
“nipātamevaite uttare jyotiṣī” vaiśvānara iti “etena nāmadheyena bhajete bhajete” iti dvirabhyāso'dhyāyaparisamāptyarthaḥ || tadevametasmin vaiśvānarapadavicāraprasaṅge haviṣyāntīya sūktamupakṣipya sūryo vaiśvānaraḥ, agnirvaiśvānaraḥ iti evantayorekayorapi sthitiḥ tridhā varttate iti mantrasya bhāvopapradarśānārthamupavarṇitam || īdṛśeṣu śabdārthanyāyasaṅkaṭeṣu mantrārthaghaṭaneṣu duravabodheṣu matimatāṃ matayo na pratihanyante, naya tyetāvadatrāvabudhyāmaha iti |
7 |
4 ||
iti ṛjvarthāyāṃ niruktavṛttau jambūvargāśramavāsina ācāryyabhagavaddurgasya kṛtau saptamo ( dvādaśo )'dhyāyaḥ samāptaḥ |
7 ||
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit