Yāska's Nirukta 47
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 47
- Language
- Sanskrit
47.1
"dviśa uttarāṇi nāmāni ṣaḍiṃśatiḥ" 26 || dvedde dviśa uttarāṇīti | "prapitve, abhīke" ityevamādīni | vyākhyātāni pṛthivīnāmabhya ārabhya ekaikasyārthasya bahūni nāmadheyāni, idānīmekaikasya dvedde nāmanī vācake bhavata iti tānyetāni samāmnāyete - prapitve, abhīke - ityevamādīni, dyāvāpṛthivīnāmabhyo yāvat |
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47.2
adhunaivamuktvā sāmānyato viśeṣeṇa ekaika vyutpādya udāharaṇaireva darśayati| tadyathā,"prapitve, abhīke"-"iti" ete nāmanī "āsannasya" bhavataḥ || ityevamādi| "prapitve prāpte" ityarthaḥ | "abhīke abhyakte" ābhimukhyenāśrite | abhyāgate | idānīmudāharaṇe bravīti,-"āpitve naḥ0" "abhīkecin0" "ityapi nigamau (ṛ0 sa0 5, 7, 30, 3-8, 7, 21, 1) bhavataḥ"||
aindreyapā| bṛhatī| devātitheḥ kāṇvasyārṣam | mahāvrate vṛhatīmahasre śasyate || he indra ! 'yathā' yena prakāreṇa 'gauraḥ' gauramṛgaḥ, 'averiṇam' apagatārṇam apagatāṃdakaṃ marudeśaṃ gatvā 'tṛṣyan' tṛṣā vādhyamānaḥ 'apākṛtam' apānīyam. pāna yogyaṃ yatra nāsti, svalpodakatvāt, tatra kṛtam. udakena vā kṛta, jalāśayasthānam taḍāgamanyad vā śīghram 'eti' evaṃ tvamapyetasmin 'āpitve' āpānakāle 'prapitve' prāpte 'tūryaṃ' kṣipram' āgahi' āgaccha | āgatya ca ya eṣaḥ somaḥ 'kaṇveṣu' eṣvṛtvikṣu vartate, tarmābhagya ṛtvigbhiḥ 'sacā' sāka 'su' suṣṭhu saha sthitvā 'piba' iti [ mayogena tṛpyan ] iti ||
sudāsaḥ paijavanasyeyamārṣam | ati-chandāḥ | sarvapṛṣṭhāyā maitrāvaruṇīyaka devatāyyanyayayāge śākkarasyaindrasya nageryāyapā, raivatasya pṛṣṭe'nuvākyā, brāhmācchye punariyameva ṣoḍaśiśastre śasyate || he stotāraḥ ! 'pro' prakarṣeṇa 'su' praśastābhiḥ stutibhiḥ 'asmai' 'indrāya' tuṣṭayarthaṃ 'puroratham' agrato ratham enat 'śūṣam' balam 'arcata' stuta | ka. ca punararthamabhisandhāya cārcata ? iti | 'abhīkecit u lokakṛt' | abhīke abhyāgate etasmin 'saṅge' saṅgrāmakāle prāpte'pyeṣu 'mamatsu' sambhakṣayitṛṣu udyatāyudheṣu śatrupu lokakṛt sthānakṛt | eṣa 'vṛtrahā' śatruhantā indro bhaviṣyatīti etamarthamabhimandhāya prārcata asmai yūyamindrāya purorathaṃ śūpamiti | evamanyān stotṛn sambodhya ātmanāpi pravṛtta vaktum, he bhagavannindra ! 'asmākaṃ' 'bodhi' budhyasva etāḥ stutīḥ, mā pareṣām, budhvā caitāḥ 'coditā' anujñātā janasya bhava | kiṃca, 'nabhantām' hisyantām, anyakeṣām' anyeṣāṃ 'jyākāḥ' jyāḥ 'adhidhanvasu' dhanuḥṣvadhiropitāḥ, avatatajyādhanuṣo hṛtasarvodhamā ete asmādviṣo yuṣmadanugrahād bhavantvityabhiprāyaḥ |
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47.3
"dabhram, arbhakam"- "iti" ete "alpasya" nāmanī | "dabhraṃ dabhnoteḥ" vadhārthasya | taddhi "sudambhaṃ bhavati" mucchedaṃ bhavati, alpatvāt | 'arbhakamavahṛtaṃ bhavati' hrasvamityarthaḥ | "upòpame parā̍mṛśa0" "namo̍ma̱hadbhyo̍ namo̍0" "ityapi nigamau (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 1, 19, 7-1,2, 24, 3) bhavataḥ" || ' "upòpa̍ me̱ parā̍mṛśa mā̍me da̱bhrāṇi̍ manyathāḥ | sarvā̍hamasmi roma̱śā ga̱ndhārī̍ṇāmivāvi̱kā || (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 1, 19, 7)" | bhāvapravyasyeyamārṣam | anuṣṭup | bhāvayavyameva mā manaṃg tenānupeyamānā bravīti || he rājan !' "upa" gabhya' "upa" śloṣa ca' "me" mama' 'parāmṛśa' yaḥ pradeśaḥ puruṣeṇa striyā' parāmṛṣṭavyaḥ | kiñca, "mā me dabhrāṇi manyathāḥ" alpakāni lomāni mā manyathāḥ | jāne'hametat, yathā alomikāyā upagamaḥ pratiṣiddhaḥ smṛtau, -"nājātalomnyopahāsamicchet" iti | yataste vedyāmi 'sarvāhamāsma romaśā' sarveṣvevāvayaveṣu mamotpannāni romāṇi yeṣu strīṇāmutpadyante || katha na punarahamasmi romaśā ? 'gandhārīṇāmivāvikā' gandhāradeśajātānāmavikānā madhye yā muṣṭa romaśā bhavet, tathāhamasmi romaśā, niḥśaṅko māmapagacchedityabhiprāyaḥ || "namo̍ ma̱hadbhyo̱ namo̍ arbha̱kebhyo̱ namo̍ yu̱vabhyo̱ narma āśi̱nebhya̍ḥ || yajā̍ma de̱vānyadi̍ śa̱knavā̍ma̱ mā jyāya̍sa̱ḥ śaṃsa̱ mā vṛ̍kṣi devāḥ || (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 2, 24, 3 )" || triṣṭup | śūnaḥśepasyārṣam | hotṛjape viniyuktā || "namomahadbhyaḥ" namo mahatparimāṇebhyo devebhyaḥ | "namo arbhakebhyaḥ" alpaparimāṇebhyaḥ | 'namo yuvabhyaḥ' yauvanavadbhyaḥ | 'nama āśinebhyaḥ' vyāptibhyaḥ | 'yajāma' 'devāna' etasminnupasthite yāgakāle | 'yadi' 'śaknavāma' | alpaśrutavijñānā vayam | ata eva brūmo yadi śaknavāmeti | vayamīdṛśāḥ manto yuṣmāna bramahe, he 'jyāyasaḥ' jyāyāṃsaḥ ! devāḥ ! yuṣmākameva 'śaṃsa' śamitāraṃ mantamalpe vā mahati vā kasmiṃścida duḥśaste 'mā vṛkṣi' mā asmān chinta yajñaphalāt, ko hi nāma nāpagadhyati ? ityabhiprāyaḥ |
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47.4
"tiraḥ, sataḥ" "iti" ete "prāptasya" nāmanī bhavataḥ | aprāptasyaike arthāyante yathāpi yojyam | “tiraḥ tīrṇaṃ” hi tat “bhavati” dūramadhvānam | "sataḥ saṃsṛta bhavati” ekībhūya sṛtaṃ bhavati | “tiraścidaryyā 0”, “pātreva bhindan sataḥ 0” - “ityapinigamau (ṛ0 sa0 4, 4, 16, 2, - 5, 7, 9, 1 ) bhavataḥ” || 'aśvinā̍ve̱ha ga̍cchata̱ṃ nāsa̍tyā̱ mā vi ve̍natam || tira̱ścida̍ryyā pa̍riva̱rttiryā̍tamadābhyā mādhvī̱ mama̍ śruta̱ṃ hava̍m || ( ṛ0 sa0 4, 4, 16, 2 )' || prauktikarāśvinī | avasthorātreṣvasyārṣam | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate || he 'aśvinau' 'nā satyā' ! nāsatyau 'āgacchatam' yuvām 'iha' asmin yajñe somaṃ pātum mama | kiñca, 'mā vi venatam' mā vigatakāmau bhūtam, yuvāmāhvayamānau mayā | kiñca, “tiraścidaryyā” tiro'pi aprāpte'pi dūra eva sthāne yadyavasthitau sthaḥ, tathāpi aryyā īśvarayāpi rathagatyā daivagatyā śīghrayā “āyātam” [ dvivacanaṃ vā sāvagrahatvāt padasya ] kiñca, "parivarttiḥ yātam” yadyapi kacidannivṛttau sthaḥ, tathāpi parivarttanaṃ kṛtvā tata āyātam | he "adābhyā” ahisyau ! anupahiṃsitau ! athavā adābhyayā adabdhayā | anupahiṃsitayā gatyā āyātam | he 'mādhvī' ! madhusomamiśra peya yayostau | 'mama' 'śrutaṃ' śṛṇutam 'havam' āhvānam | śrutvā ca avilambamānau śīghramāyātamityabhiprāyaḥ || "indro̍ yā̱tūnāma̍bhavatparāśa̱ro ha̍vi̱rmathī̍nāma̱bhyā̱ vivi̍vāsatām | a̱bhīdu̍ śa̱kraḥ para̱śuryathā̱ vana̱ṃ pātre̍va bhi̱ndansata̱ e̍ti ra̱kṣasa̍ḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 7, 9, 1 )" | vasiṣṭhasyārṣam | jagatī | 'indraḥ' 'yātūnāṃ' yātudhānānām 'abhavat' 'parāśaraḥ' parāśātayitā || kīdṛśānāṃ punaryātūnāmabhavat parāśātayitā iti ? ucyate - 'havirmathīnām' havīṃṣi ye mathnanti, teṣām | 'abhyāvivāsatām' abhyudgamayatāṃ, yajñotsādakānāmityarthaḥ athavā vivāsati, paricaryyāyāṃ syāt || ye tvāmindraṃ paricaranti teṣāṃ ye yātavaḥ, teṣāmeva parāśātayiteti | yo'yamevaṃlakṣaṇa indraḥ, so'smābhirārādhitaḥ paricaryayā ‘abhi eti,’ abhyetu, asmān prati | ‘śakraḥ’ śaktaḥ, sarvayātūnāṃ yātane | kathaṃ punarabhyetu ? ‘paraśuḥ’ paraśuhastaḥ ‘yathā’ kaścit ‘vanaṃ’ chindan abhyeyāt, yathā ‘pātrā” pātrāṇi kaulālāne lakuḍenāpratiṣidhyamānaḥ “bhindan” kaścidabhyeyāt, evamabhyetu “rakṣasaḥ” rakṣāṃsi • bhindan “sataḥ” pradeśāt, darādityartha |
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47.5
“tvaḥ, nemaḥ”–“iti” ete nāmanī “arddhasya” | ‘tvaḥ apatataḥ’ apetya tataḥ apatataḥ ‘nemaḥ apanītaḥ’ apabhajya nītaḥ, pṛthak kṛta ityarthaḥ | “arddhaṃ haraterviparītāddhārayatervā syāt” “uddhṛtaṃ” hi tat “bhavati” | “ṛdhnotervā syāt” “ṛddhatamaḥ” abhisampannatamaḥ “vibhāgaḥ” bhavati | “pīryati tvo anuṃ tvo gṛṇāti”— “neme̍ de̱vā neme'su̍rāḥ”—“ityapi nigamau ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 2, 16, 2—ya0 mai0 brā0 ) bhavataḥ” | “bodhā̍ ma asya vaca̍so yaviṣṭha̱ maṃhi̍ṣṭhasya̱ prabhṛ̍tasya svadhāvaḥ | pīryati tvo anuṃ tvo gṛṇāti vandāruste ta̱nva̍ṃ va̍nde agne || iti ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 2, 16, 2 )” triṣṭup | dīrghatamasa ārṣam | āgneyī | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate || he bhagavan ! ‘agne !’ ‘yaviṣṭha’ yuvatama ! ‘bodha’ budhyamva ‘me’ mama ‘asya’ ‘vacasaḥ’ ‘maṃhiṣṭhasya’ dātṛtamasya, pūjayitṛtamasya vā, mahattamamya vā, ‘prabhṛtasya’ prakṛṣṭairbhagavadguṇaiḥ sambhṛtasya | he ‘svadhāvaḥ’ annavan ! ye guṇā asya vacasaḥ, tān bodha | kiṃca, idamaparaṃ śṛṇu,– • ubhayeṣāṃ prājāpatyānāṃ devāmurāṇāṃ dvedhā vibhaktānāṃ “pīryati tvaḥ” hinasti ekamarddhamasurākhyam “anuṃ tvaḥ” anu “gṛṇāti” ekamarddhaṃ devākhyamanugṛhṇātītyarthaḥ | tatraivaṃ satyubhayathā vipratipanneṣu prājāpatyeṣu ‘vandāruḥ’ vandanaśīlaḥ ahaṃ, daiva pakṣamāśritaḥ, hitvā āsuraṃ, tavaitāṃ ‘tanvaṃ’ tanūṃ jvalanadahanaprakāśīkaraṇasamarthāṃ nityakālameva prātarmadhyandine sāyaṃ ca ‘vande’ staumītyarthaḥ || tathāsya mamaivaṃ bhaktasya budhyasva asya vacaso ye guṇāstāṃśca buddhvā prasādamabhimatenārthena naḥ kuruṣvetyabhiprāyaḥ | ‘‘neme̍ de̱vā neme'su̍rāḥ’’--iti brāhmaṇavākyamevedaṃ vājapeye maitrāyaṇīyānām | arddhato devā arddhato'surā āmannityarthaḥ |
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47.6
‘‘ṛkṣāḥ, stṛbhiḥ’’—‘‘iti’’ ete ‘‘nakṣatrāṇām’’ nāmanī || nakṣatraśabdaṃ paryāyābhidhānaprasaktaṃ nirbravīti, ‘‘nakṣatrāṇi nakṣatergatikarmaṇaḥ’’ gatyarthe varttamānasya, tāni hi nityamevāgacchanti || ‘‘nemāni kṣatrāṇīti ca brāhmaṇam’’ | nemāni, kṣatrāṇi dhanāni | kṣatramiti dhananāma | kiṃ tarhi ? dhanasarūpāṇyetāni, maryairaśmyanuvedhāt dīpyamānāni manti hiraṇyayānīva bhrājante iti tu brāhmaṇam, tuśabdārthe caśabdaḥ || ‘‘ṛkṣāḥ’’ ‘‘udīrṇānīva’’ udīritānīva, kenacidūrddhaṃ gamitānīva ‘‘khyāyante’’ dṛśyanta ityartha || ‘‘stṛbhistīrṇānīva’’ ‘‘khyāyante’’ dṛśyante || ‘‘amī ya ṛkṣāḥ’’ -‘‘paśyanto dyāmiva stṛbhiḥ’’ -‘‘ityapi nigamau (ṛ0 saṃ01, 2, 14, 5, -3, 5, 6, 3) bhavataḥ’’ || ‘‘amī̱ ya ṛkṣā̱ nihi̍tāsa uccā nakta̱ṃ dadṛ̍śre kuhaci̱ddive̍yuḥ || ‘‘ada̍bdhāni varu̍ṇasya vra̱tāni̍ vi̱cāka̍śacca̱ndramā̱ nakta̍meti || (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, • 2, 14, 5)’’ | śunaḥśepasyārṣam | triṣṭup | vāruṇī || varuṇaścāsyāṃ sūrya ucyate | "amī ye ṛkṣāḥ" amūni yāni nakṣatrāṇi "nihitāsaḥ" nihitāni "ucā" uccairityarthaḥ kiṃca, tāni 'naktaṃ dadṛśe' gatrāvevaitāni dṛśyante | 'kuhacid diveyuḥ' na vijñāyante hi kvacida divaitāni gacchantīti || kimetat syāt ? 'adabdhāni' anupahiṃsitāni 'varuṇasya' ādityasya etāni 'vratāni' karmāṇi āścaryabhūtāni syuḥ || kimanyad bhaviṣyati ? sa hi bhagavānādityaḥ, etāni kutaścidānayannivāstaṃ gacchati. punaścaitāni apanayannivodeti, tadeya darśanamadarśanaṃ vā teṣāṃ sūryyakṛtameva | yadapi caitat 'vicākaśat' dīpyamānaḥ 'candramāḥ' 'naktam eti' tadapyasyaiva bhagavataḥ sūryyamya karma, ayameva hi candramasi dīptimādadhāna ivāstaṃ yāti, punaścādhiścipanniva candramaso dīptimudeti | yo'yamevamprabhāvo varuṇaḥ ta vayamabhipretārthasiddhaye stumaḥ, ma idaṃ māmāsmākaṃ karotviti ||
gautamaputramya vāmadevasyārṣam | anuṣṭupa | āgneyī || 'ṛtāvānaṃ' yajñavantaṃ 'vicetasaṃ' vibhrataprajñāna 'viśveṣāṃ' sarveṣām 'adhvarāṇām' yajñānā 'haskarttāraṃ' hamanakarttāram | upajvalite hi tasmin prahasita iva yajñaścātmapo bhavati | athavā-haskarttāraṃ rūpadīkarttāram | upajvalite hi tasmin bhrātṛvyayajñaiḥ saṃsparddhanta iva yajñāḥ, tameva guṇaviśiṣṭam agni "paśyantaḥ" vayamanekadhā vihṛta 'damedame' yajñagṛhyeyajñagṛhe tāsutāsu kriyāsu vyāpṛtaṃ stumaḥ | kiñca, yo'nekadhā dīpyamānaḥ "dyām iva stṛbhiḥ" nakṣatraiḥ pṛthivīṃ citrarūpāṃ, dīptaṃ vā karoti, ma no'bhiṣṭato'bhipretānarthāna mā'rpayatvityabhiprāyaḥ |
47.7
'vamrībhiḥ, upajihvikā'-"iti" ete "sīmikānām" nāmanī bhavataḥ| yā etāḥ 'pipīlikā' ityucyante loke, tā imāḥ sīmikāḥ || "vamro vamanāt" tā hi vamantyudakaṃ yena mṛdārdrībhavati ||
“sīmikā: syamanāt” syamanti hi tā nityameva gacchanti--ityabhiprāyaḥ || “upajihvikā upajighryāḥ” upajighranti hi tāḥ, paṭu hyāsāṃ ghrāṇendriyaṃ bhavati | dvayorapi nāmnāreka eva “nigamaḥ”--yadatsyupajihvikā ( ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 7, 12, 6 )”--“iti” “bhavati” ||
bhārgavasya prayogasyeyamārṣam | ukthye'gnau samidanayā hūyate || “yat” “atti” bhakṣayati “upajihvikā” antaranupraviśya, “yat” ca “atisarpati” ārdrayā mṛdā pariveṣṭyana, “vabhraḥ” bahirna śaknotyattuṃ khādiraṅgārādi, ‘sarvaṃ’ tadubhayajātīyamapi ‘te’ tava he bhagavan ! agne ! ‘ghṛtam’ astu |
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47.8
“ūrddaram, krudaram”—“iti” ete “āvapanasya” nāmanī bhavataḥ | upyate yasmin yavādi dhānyaṃ kuḥśūle'nyatra vā vaiṇavādau kumbhāṃścata, tadūrddaramiti krudaramiti ca, yadāvapanamāhuḥ prākṛtena laukikāmtadāvapanāmityucyate ||
“ūrddaram” “uddīrṇam” ūrdhvaṃ hi tad dīrṇaṃ “bhavati” | atha “vā” “ūrje” tad rthāya “dīrṇaṃ” bhavati | ūrgityannanāma, tadanteya hitantannirṇataṃ bhavati, śupiramityarthaḥ ||
“tamūrddaraṃ na pṛṇatā” “samiddho añjana” iti nigamau ( ṛ0 sa0 2, 6, 14, 5-ya0 vā0 saṃ0 20, 9 )” bhavataḥ ||
“adhva̍ryavo yo di̱vyasya̱ vasvo̱ yaḥ pārthi̍vasya̱ kṣmya̍sya̱ rājā̍ | tamū̱rddara̱ṃ na pṛ̍ṇatā̱ yave̱nendra̱ṃ some̍bhistada̱po vo̍ astu || ( ṛ0 sa0 2, 6, 14, 5 )” ||
gṛtsamadasyeyamārṣam | triṣṭup | aindrā || he adhvaryavaḥ ! ‘yaḥ’ indraḥ ‘divyasya’ dyulokāśrayasya, ‘vasvaḥ’ vastunaḥ dhanasya, ‘yaḥ’ ca ‘pārthivasya’ antarikṣalokāśrayasya ( pṛthivītyantarikṣanāmasu paṭhitam ), taśca ‘kṣmyasya’ bhūmyāśrayasya, ‘rājā’ adhipatiḥ, “tam” evaṃguṇayuktam “indram” “ūrddaraṃ na” ūrddaramiva “pṛṇata” pūrayata “yavena” | yathā kaścinmanuṣyaḥ urddaraṃ pūrayet, tathā yūyamindraṃ ‘somebhiḥ’ somraiḥ pūrayata | ‘tad apaḥ vaḥ astu’ tad vaḥ karmāstu, sarvamanyanmuktetyabhiprāyaḥ ||
“sami̍ddho a̱ñjankruda̍raṃ matī̱nāṃ ghṛ̱tama̍gne̱ madhu̍ma̱tpinva̍mānaḥ | vā̱jī-nvā̱jina̍ṃ jātavedo de̱vānā̱ṃ vakṣi̍ pri̱yamā sa̱dhastha̍m || ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 29, 1 ) ||”
āprīsūktam ādhvaryave'śvamedhe | tatreya prathamā āprī || he bhagavan ‘agne’ ! “samiddhaḥ” sandīptaḥ, tvam “añjan” gamayannātmānaṃ prati | ‘krudaram’ āvapanaṃ “matīnāṃ” devānāṃ hi sarveṣāṃ ‘ghṛtam’ āvapanaṃ matīnām, te hi tatra sarvā matīḥ prakṣipanti mamedaṃ syāditi | tadevaṅguṇayuktaṃ ghṛta ‘madhumat’ madhusvādayuktam ‘pinvamānaḥ’
nirvāṇajvadhaḥ | athavā devān prati ‘vahan’ ‘vājī’ ātmanā vejanavān balavān, parebhyo vā bhayadātā | he ‘jātavedaḥ’ ! vahannenamāśramodhikaṃ vājinamucyame asmābhiḥ, ‘priyam’ eta ‘vājinaṃ’ ‘devānāṃ’ ‘madhmasthaṃ’ samānasthānam ‘ā’ ābhimukhyena, śīghratara ‘vakṣi’, vaha prāpayetyarthaḥ |
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Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit