Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c29.s1: Appendix I: Inscriptional Glossary
Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c29.s1
- Language
- English
Appendix I: Inscriptional Glossary
c29.s1.2
**Inscriptional Glossary** lists the inscriptional words as they occur in the Corpus. The words are arranged in the Tamil alphabetical order; loanwords commencing with *dh* and *s* are placed at the end.
c29.s1.3
**Headwords** (as in the Corpus) are given in col.1 in **bold italics.**
c29.s1.4
**Emendations and corrections** (as in the Commentary) are in italics within brackets and placed next to the headwords in col. 1.
c29.s1.5
**Reference Numbers** (as in the Commentary) of the inscriptional words are given in col. 2.
c29.s1.6
**Meanings or explanations** of the inscriptional words, their grammatical parts of speech and references to the corresponding forms, if any, in Literary Tamil (LT) are given in col.3. Personal names and place names are marked N. and P. respectively. Grammatical parts of speech of other words are indicated by appropriate abbreviations (see List of Abbreviations).
c29.s1.7
The **Glossary** and the **Indexes** (Appendices II-VII) include words from Tamil-Brāhmī and Early Vaṭṭeluttu inscriptions in the Corpus. The latter can be readily recognised from the three-digit Reference Numbers (*101-121*) allotted to them.
c29.s1.8
Detailed studies of the inscriptional words with supporting citations from literary and inscriptional parallels will be found in the **Commentary** on the relevant items indicated by the Reference Numbers in col.2 (unless otherwise stated). References are also made to **sections** of Chapters 1-7 for discussion on significant words.
c29.s1.9
| ***akaram*** | 108.1 | (P.) A Brahman village. |
| ***akaḷ-ūr*** (*akaḻūr*) | 76.3 | (P.) See Table 4.3 for identification. |
| ***attiraṉ*** | 24.3 | N. of a Jaina monk. |
| ***attuvāyi*** (*attavāyi*) | 60.6 | (n.) 'one who expounds the meaning (of scriptures)'; title of a Jaina monk. Cf. (Pkt.) *attha* 'meaning', (Pkt.) *vāyi* 'one who expounds or recites'. See section 4.9.3 (v). |
| ***ataṭ-aṉam*** (*atiṭṭāṉam*) | 50.3 | See ***atiṭṭāṉam***. |
| ***ataṉ*** | 40.3 | N. of an accountant, the chief of scribes. |
| ***ataṉ ataṉ*** | 36.3, 40.5 | N. of a donor. |
| ***atiṭ-aṉam*** (*atiṭṭāṉam*) | 49.8 | See ***atiṭṭāṉam***. |
| ***atiṭṭāṇṇam*** (*atiṭṭāṉam*) | 64.1 | See following entry. |
| ***atiṭṭāṉam*** | 63.6, 68.1, 69.4, 70.3 | (n.) 'seat' (literally, 'permanent, fixed abode'); refers to stone beds in cave shelters. See section 4.9.8(ii) and Commentary (49.8). |
| ***atiṭāṉam*** (*atiṭṭāṉam*) | 66.5, 76.7 | See previous entry. |
c29.s1.10
| ***atiyan neṭumān añci*** *(atiyan neṭumāṉ-)* | 59.2 | N. of a chieftain. Cf. LT *atiyamāṉ neṭumāṉ añci*. See section 4.5.1. |
| ***atai*** | 30.2 | (n.) Variant of *antai*. See ***antai ariyti***. |
| ***atai-y*** | 56.2 | See previous entry. |
| ***antuvaṉ*** | 53.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***antai ariyti*** | 25.1 | N. of a donor. *antai* (n.) is an honorific (masc.) for an elder or senior person. See section 3.2.2 (v) and Commentary (66.2.b) on ***antai***. |
| ***antai asutaṉ*** (*-assutaṉ*) | 3.7 | N. of the ***kāviti*** of the merchant guild of ***veḷ-aṟai*** and superintendent of pearls. See ***kāḷitika*** (*kāḷatika*). |
| ***antai irāvatag*** | 26.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***antai cēnta-a*** | 28.1 | N. of a donor (in genitive case); 'of Antai Cēnta(ṉ)'. |
| ***antai-y pikaṉ*** (*-pikkaṉ* ) | 20.1 | N. of the father of a donor. |
| ***antai [v]isuvaṉ*** (*-vissuvaṉ*) | 27.2 | N. of a donor. Cf. LT *viccuvaṉ*. |
| ***ama*** | 48.6 | (v.) 'who abide'. Cf. LT *amai* 'to abide, be settled'. |
| ***amaṇṇaṉ*** | 61.2 | See ***amaṇaṉ***. |
| ***(a)maṇṇaṉ*** | 62.2 | See following entry. |
| ***amaṇaṉ*** | 24.1 | (n.) 'Jaina monk'. See section 4.9.3 (ii). |
| ***ar-itaṉ*** (*aritaṉ*) | 8.2 | N. of a donor. See section 6.19.2 on the pause. |
| ***ar-iytaṉ*** (*ariytaṉ*) | 18.2 | N. of a donor. See also previous entry. |
| ***araṭṭa kāyipaṉ*** | 60.7 | N. of a Jaina monk. |
| ***ariti=ṉ*** (*ariti-(i)ṉ*) | 34.2 | N. of a donor (in genitive case); 'of Ariti'. |
| ***av[v]ir[u]-a-ar-um*** *(avviru-ar-um)* | 45.3 | (pronominal phrase); 'those two persons also' (LT *avv-iruvar-um*). |
| ***aṟam*** | 76.4 | (n.) 'charity, religious gift'. |
| ***aṟutta*** | 61.14 | (v.) 'which was carved'. |
| ***aṟupitta*** (*aṟuppitta*) | 63.5 | (v.) 'which was caused to be carved'. |
| ***aṟupita*** (*aṟuppitta*) | 62.14 | See previous entry. |
| ***aṟuvai-vaṇikaṉ*** | 46.2 | (n.) 'cloth merchant'. |
| ***aṉacaṉa(m)*** | 116.2 | (n.) 'abstinence from food'. The Jaina religious penance of ceremonial fasting unto death. |
| ***(ā)-iṉa*** | 41.2 | (v.) 'who is, alias'. LT *āyina*. |
| ***āka*** | 61.13, 62.13 | (v.) 'when he became', 'having become'. |
c29.s1.11
[*ā*]*cāri*[*ya*]*r* 115.4 (n.) 'preceptor'; title of a senior Jaina monk.
c29.s1.12
*āci* 73.6 (n.) 'prop, support'. Cf. LT *ācu* id.; *āsi* (Pkt.) 'to support'.
c29.s1.13
*ācirikaru* 116.5 (n.) 'preceptor'; title of a senior Jaina monk. Cf. LT *āciriyar*.
c29.s1.14
*āṭi* 112.3 (v.) 'having fought, played or won'.
c29.s1.15
*ātaṇ cāttāṇ* (-*cāttaṇ*) 74.2 N. of a donor.
c29.s1.16
*ā*[*ta*ṉ* ce*]*l-l=irumpuṟai* 62.7 See following entry.
c29.s1.17
*ātaṇ cel-l=irumpoṟai* 61.7 N. of a king of the Irumpoṟai branch of the Cēra dynasty ruling from Karur. See section 4.3.1.
c29.s1.18
*ātāṉ* (*ātaṇ*) 82.2 N. of a king of the Cēra dynasty.
c29.s1.19
*āycayaṉ neṭucātaṇ* (*āyccayaṉ neṭucāttaṇ*). 55.5 N. of a stonemason.
c29.s1.20
*ārātaṇi* 115.6 (n.) 'worship'. Cf. LT *ārātaṉai*; a technical term for the Jaina religious penance of ceremonial fasting unto death. Cf. (Ka. inscr.) *ārādhanā-vidhi* 'Jaina code of death'.
c29.s1.21
*āritaṉ* 60.5 N. of a senior Jaina monk.
c29.s1.22
*itta* 13.3 (pron., accusative case). 'this'. Cf. LT *itai*/*ittai*.
c29.s1.23
*ittā-a* 1.4 (intj.) 'lo, behold, look here!' Cf. LT *itā*/*ītā*.
c29.s1.24
*irācar* 111.1 (n., pl.) 'kings'.
c29.s1.25
*iruvar* 48.5 (num. pron., pl.) 'two persons'.
c29.s1.26
*(i)*[*l*]*avōṇ* (*illavōṉ*) 10.3 N. of a Jaina *upādhyāya*; literally, 'householder'. Cf. LT *illavaṉ*.
c29.s1.27
*iva-kuṉṟatu* (-*kuṉṟattu*) 60.1 (P., obl.); 'of *Iva-kuṉṟa*(m)'. Cf. Āṉaimalai 'Elephant Hill', the present name of the hill. Cf. LT *ipam* 'elephant'.
c29.s1.28
*iḻa-kuṭumpikaṉ* (*īḻa-* ) 55.2 (n.) Title or caste-name of the donor; 'husbandman from Īḻam (Sri Lanka)' (or) 'householder belonging to the Īḻa (toddy-drawer) caste'. The latter interpretation is more suited to the context. See Commentary.
c29.s1.29
[*i*]*aṅkaṭuṅkō* 61.11 N. of a prince of the Irumpoṟai branch of the Cēra dynasty.
c29.s1.30
[*i*]*aṅkāyipaṉ* 76.1 N. of a Jaina monk.
c29.s1.31
[*i*]*aṅkō* ¹ 61.12, 62.12 (n.) 'prince, heir apparent'.
c29.s1.32
[*i*]*aṅkō* ² 89.2 (N.) Name or title of a member of the Vaiśya caste; the expression occurs here as a personal name.
c29.s1.33
*iḷañcaṭikaṉ* 2.7 N. of the son of *caṭikaṉ* and husband of the sister-in-law of *neṭiñ-caḻiyaṉ*.
c29.s1.34
*iḷanataṉ* 17.1 N. of a donor.
c29.s1.35
*iḷayar* 49.6 (n., pl.) Title of the members of an ancient martial clan. Cf. LT *iḷaiyar*. See section 4.18.1(i).
c29.s1.36
*ītta* 59.3 (v.) 'which was given'.
c29.s1.37
*īttavaṉ* 12.3 (v.) 'he who gave'.
c29.s1.38
*ītā* 2.4, 16.1 (intj.) 'lo, behold, look here!' Cf. LT *itā*/*ītā*.
c29.s1.39
*utayaṉasa* 24.5 N. of a donor (in genitive case); 'of Utayaṇa(ṉ)'. Note the occurrence of the Pkt. genitive suffix *-sa* (*-ssa*).
c29.s1.40
*upa[c]a-aṉ* (*upaccaṉ*) 10.1 See *upacaṉ*.
c29.s1.41
*upaca-aṉ* (*upaccaṉ*) 11.3 See following entry.
c29.s1.42
*upacaṉ* (*upaccaṉ*) 9.1 (n.) 'preceptor, Jaina *upādhyāya*'. Cf. LT *uvaccaṉ*. See section 4.9.3 (iii).
c29.s1.43
*upaṟuva[ṉ*] (*uppaṟuvaṉ*) 11.4 N. of a Jaina *upādhyāya*.
c29.s1.44
*upu-vāṇikaṉ* (*uppu-*) 39.1 (n.) 'salt merchant'.
c29.s1.45
*uḷḷāru* 114.2 (compound v.) Cf. *uḷ* 'in'; *āru* (LT *ār*) 'filled (fitted)'. Cf. LT *uḷḷārnta*.
c29.s1.46
*uṟai* 9.3, 24.4 (n.) 'abode (of ascetics)'. See also *uṟaiyuḷ*.
c29.s1.47
*uṟai-y* 61.5, 62.5 See previous entry.
c29.s1.48
*uṟaiyuḷ* 60.2 (n.) '(in the) abode (of ascetics)'.
c29.s1.49
*ūr* 19.2 (n.) 'village, town, city'; occurs also frequently as a suffix to place names. See Index to Place names (Appendix III).
c29.s1.50
*ūṟu* (*ūṟṟu*) 75.1 (n.) 'spring, fountain'.
c29.s1.51
*e-iyl* (*eyil*) 18.1 (P.) literally, 'fortified place'. Cf. LT *eyil*.
c29.s1.52
*ekkāṭṭūru* 117.1 (P.) probably from *erukkāṭṭūru*. (*eru-k-* > *ek-* by contraction.) Cf. LT *erukkāṭṭūr*.
c29.s1.53
*eṇṇai-vaṇṇikaṉ* (*-vāṇikaṉ*) 70.1 (n.) 'oil merchant'. Cf. LT *eṇṇey* (*eḷ* + *ney*) 'gingily oil'.
c29.s1.54
*em* 19.1 (pron., obl.). 'our (exclusive)'.
c29.s1.55
*erukāṭu-ūru* (*eru-k-kāṭṭu-*) 52.1 (P.) Cf. LT *erukkāṭṭūr*.
c29.s1.56
*erukāṭur* (*eru-k-kāṭṭūr*) 55.1 (P.) Cf. LT *erukkāṭṭūr*.
c29.s1.57
*erumiṉāṭu* (*-nāṭṭu*) 49.1 (P.) probably in oblique case;'of Erumi-nāṭu'. An ancient territorial division. Cf. *erumaināṭu*, generally identified as the Mysore region (*mahisha-maṇḍala*) of Karnataka.
c29.s1.58
*e[utt[u]m* 85.1 'the letters also'. *eḻuttu* (n.) 'letter, character of the alphabet'. *-um* (particle) 'also'.
c29.s1.59
*eḷai-y-ūr* (*eḷaiyūr*) 34.1 (P.)
c29.s1.60
*eḷa-a aṭaṉ* (*-aṭṭaṉ*) 46.3 N. of a cloth merchant. Cf. (inscr.) *eḷavaṉ*, LT *aṭṭaṉ*, personal names.
c29.s1.61
*eḷacantaṉ* 43.2 N. of a trader in ploughshares.
c29.s1.62
***eḻamakaṉ*** 56.5 (n.) Title of a member of the ancient martial clan of Iḻaiyar or Iḻamakkaḷ. Cf. ***iḻayar***. Cf. LT *iḻamakaṉ*.
c29.s1.63
***ēri*** 60.4 (P.) literally, 'lake', here as a place name.
c29.s1.64
***ēva*** 76.2 (v.) 'when (he) commanded', 'at the bidding of'.
c29.s1.65
***ēḻūr*** (*ēḻūr*) 121.1 (P.) See Table 4.3 for identification.
c29.s1.66
***aimpattēḻ(u)*** 116.1 (num.) 'fifty-seven'.
c29.s1.67
***opaṉapa vīra-a***\ (*oppaṉ=appa vīra-*) 79.1 N. of a warrior (in genitive case); 'of Oppaṇappa Vīra(ṉ)'.
c29.s1.68
***kaccavaṉu catti*** (*kaccavaṇu-*) 119.2 N. of a person.
c29.s1.69
***kaṭal-aṉ vaḻutti-y***\ (*kaṭalaṉ vaḻuti-*) 1.7 N. of an officer who served under ***neṭiñcaliyaṉ*** (LT. *neṭuñceḻiyaṉ*).
c29.s1.70
***kaṭikai*** 88.3 (n.) 'assembly of learned persons or institution of higher learning or the place of such assembly or institution'. See section 4.6.13. See Table 4.3 for identification.
c29.s1.71
***kaṭuṅkōṉ [i\*]laṅkaṭuṅkō*** 62.11 N. of a prince of the Irumporai branch of the Cēra dynasty; same as ***[i\*]laṅ-kaṭuṅkō***.
c29.s1.72
***kaṭummiputa cēra***\ (*kaṭumi-putta-*) 80.1 N. of a Cēra king. Cf. LT *kaṭumān*. Cf. ***satiyaputō***. See section 4.3.3.
c29.s1.73
***kaṇaka-*** (*kaṇakka-*) 40.2 Attribute from *kaṇakaṉ* (*kaṇakkaṉ*) (n.) 'accountant'. See also following entry.
c29.s1.74
***kaṇatikaṉ*** 40.1 (n.) 'chief of scribes'. Cf. (Sinh. Pkt.) *kaṇa* 'scribe'; LT *atikaṉ* 'chief'.Cf. ***kāḻitika-*** (*kāḻatika-*) 'superintendent of pearls'. See sections 4.6.6 and 4.6.8.
c29.s1.75
***kaṇi*** 48.1, 48.3 (n.) 'head of a *gaṇa* (Jaina order of monks)'; title of a senior Jaina monk. Cf. (Pkt.) *gaṇi*. See section 4.9.3 (i).
c29.s1.76
***kaṇi-i*** 3.1 See previous entry.
c29.s1.77
***kaṇi-y*** 1.1, 2.1, 4.1 See ***kaṇi***.
c29.s1.78
***kaṇimāṉ*** 73.1 N. of a chieftain.
c29.s1.79
***kaya[m\*]*** 54.2 (n.) 'tank, pool'.
c29.s1.80
***karaṉtai*** 51.1 (n.) 'cave, cavern, abode of ascetics'.
c29.s1.81
***karu-iya*** 17.2 (v.) 'which was carved'. Cf. ***karukiya***. Cf. LT *karu* (n.).
c29.s1.82
***karu-ūr*** 69.1 (P.) *karuvūr* (Karūr), the ancient capital of the Irumporai branch of the Cēra dynasty. See section 4.20.4 (iii).
c29.s1.83
***karukiya*** (*karukkiya*) 112.4 (v.) 'which was carved'. Cf. LT *karukku* (n.) 'carving'.
c29.s1.84
| ***kal*** | 48.7, 61.15, 62.15,101.3, 114.3 | (n.) 'stone'. The term refers to various stone structures like cave shelters, stone beds or a stone stopper. |
| ***kal kañcaṇam*** | 14.3 | (noun phrase); a stone structure (?) The exact meaning of *kañcaṇam* is uncertain. |
| ***kala-*** | 16.4 | Attribute from *kalam* (n.) 'a quantity (of grain) as measured by *kalam*, a (grain-) measure'. |
| ***kavi-y*** | 57.3 | (n.) 'cave'. Cf. *kevi* (Ta.), *gavi* (Ka., Te.). |
| ***kavuṭi-i*** | 49.4 | N. of a Jaina nun. Cf. Ka. *gavuḍi*, *gauḍi*. See section 1.3.2. |
| ***kaḻumāṟa nataṉ*** | 44.1 | N. of a donor, probably a Pāṇṭiya prince or vassal. Cf. LT *kaḻumān̲ māṟan̲*. |
| ***kasapaṉ*** (*kassapan*) | 45.2 | N. of a donor. |
| ***kāttāṉ*** | 58.2 | N. of a person; literally, 'he who protected'. |
| ***kātaṉ*** | 107.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***kāpi-ūr*** (*kāppi-*) | 74.1 | (P.) |
| ***kāyvaṉ*** (*kāyivaṉ*) | 104.2 | N. of a donor. Cf. *iḷaṅkāyipaṉ*. |
| ***kāviti-iy*** | 3.5 | (n.) An ancient title bestowed by kings on ministers, nobles and merchants. See section 4.6.9. |
| ***kāviti-kōṉ*** | 52.2 | (noun phrase); 'chief *kāviti*'. See also ***kāviti-iy***. |
| ***kāḻitika-*** (*kāḻatika-*) | 3.6 | Attribute from *kāḻatikaṉ* (n.) 'superintendent of pearls'. Cf. *kāḻ* 'pearl', *atikaṉ* 'chief'. See sections 4.6.6 and 4.6.7. |
| ***kiḻ-c-cēri*** (*kīḻ-*) | 113.1 | (P.) 'the eastern quarter of a village'. Cf. ***mēl-c[ē]ri***. |
| ***kil[ā]r*** | 84.2 | (n.) literally, 'owner'; a title or term of respect for the chief of a village or its leading landowner or an eminent person of the place. |
| ***kiraṉ koṟṟi*** | 66.4 | N. (fem.) of a donor. |
| ***kiraṉ koṟi*** (*-koṟṟi*) | 65.4 | See previous entry. |
| ***kucalaṉ*** | 108.2 | N. of a donor. |
| ***kuṭupita*** (*kuṭuppitta*) | 14.2 | (v.)'which was caused to be given'. Cf. LT *koṭuppitta*. |
| ***kuṭupitō[r\*]*** (*kuṭuppittōr*) | 45.4 | (v.) 'they who caused to be given'. Cf. LT *koṭuppittōr*. |
| ***kuṇāviṉ*** | 89.1 | P. in genitive case; 'of Kuṇā'. |
| ***kumuḻ-ūr*** (*kumuḻūr*) | 49.2 | (P.) A village in ***erumināṭu***. |
| ***kuvira-a[n]tai*** | 31.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***kuvira-antai vēḷ-a*** | 32.1 | N. of a donor (in genitive case); 'of Kuvira-antai Vēḷ'; *vēḷ* is the title of an ancient class of chieftains and petty rulers. |
c29.s1.85
| *kuviraṉ* | 21.2 | N. of a donor. See section 4.19.2 (iii). |
| *ku[vi]rā* (*kuvira-ā*) | 23.1 | N. of a donor (with the genitive suffix *-ā*); 'of Kuviraṉ'. Cf. ***nalli-y-ūr-ā***. |
| ***kuṟa*** | 11.1 | (n.) 'cutting'; refers to the cutting of the drip ledge above the inscription. Cf. LT *kuṟai* (v.) 'to cut'; (n.) 'cutting'. |
| ***kuṟu*** (*kūṟu*) | 12.1 | (n.) 'section'; refers to the part of the drip ledge above the inscription. Cf. LT *kūṟu*. See previous entry also. |
| ***kuṟummakaḷ*** (*kuṟumakaḷ* ) | 65.3 | (n.) 'young daughter'. Cf. LT *kuṟumakaḷ*; alternatively, read *kuṟum makaḷ*. |
| ***kuṉṟu*** | 73.5 | (n.) 'hill'. |
| ***koṭṭupitta-a*** | 1.8 | (v.) 'which was caused to be carved'. |
| ***koṭṭupitōṉ*** (*koṭṭupittōṉ*) | 8.3, 9.4 | (v.) 'he who caused to be carved'. Cf. (inscr.) *koṭṭuvittāṉ*. |
| ***koṭalku*** (*koṭṭal-*) | 12.2 | (verbal noun) in dative case; 'for carving'. |
| ***koṭi-ōr*** (*koṭṭi-*) | 6.3 | (v.) 'they who carved'. |
| ***koṭiy-avaṉ*** (*koṭṭi-*) | 4.3 | (v.) 'he who carved (engraved)'. |
| ***koṭu*** | 10.4 | (v.) 'given'. |
| ***koṭupi...***(*koṭuppi...*) | 15.2 | (v.) '.. . caused to be given'. (Fragmentary.) |
| ***koṭupita-avaṉ*** (*koṭuppittavaṉ*) | 44.3 | (v.) 'he who caused to be given'. |
| ***koṭupitavaṉ*** (*koṭuppittavaṉ*) | 11.2, 53.2 | (v.) 'he who caused to be given'. |
| ***koṭupitōṉ*** (*koṭuppittōṉ*) | 3.9, 5.2, 7.4 | (v.) 'he who caused to be given'. |
| ***kolu-vaṇikaṉ*** | 43.1 | (n.) 'trader in ploughshares'. |
| ***koṟṟantay*** | 77.2 | N. of a donor; variant of ***koṟṟantai***. |
| ***koṟṟantai [i*]lava[ṉ]*** | 67.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***koṟṟai*** | 104.1 | (P.) |
| ***koṟiya*** (*korṟiya*) | 52.3 | (v.) 'which was carved'. Cf. LT *kurṟiya*, *koṭṭiya*; (inscr.) *koṟṟiṉa*. |
| ***kō*** | 61.6, 62.6, 82.1; 81.1 | (n.) 'king'; 'chieftain'. |
| ***kōṭaṉ*** | 56.4 | N. of a donor. |
| ***[kō*]viṉ*** | 88.4 | (n.) in genitive case from *kō*; 'of the chief'. |
| ***kōli*** | 112.5, 113.2 | (n.) 'cock, hen' (here with the former meaning). |
| ***kōṉ*** | 73.4, 117.2 | (n.) 'chief, great man'. |
| ***caṭikaṉ*** | 2.9 | N. of a donor. |
| ***cantantai cantaṉ*** | 29.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***cantaritaṉ*** | 5.1 | N. of a donor. |
c29.s1.86
| ***cantirananti*** | 116.4 | N. of a Jaina monk. |
| ***campokal*** | 105.1 | (P.) Cf. LT *cemmai* 'goodness'; *pukal* 'sanctuary'. |
| ***campoykaipēṭu*** | 101.1 | (P.) Cf. LT *cemmai* 'beauty'; *poykai* 'pool'; *pēṭu* 'village'. |
| ***cāttaṉ*** | 105.2 | N. of a donor. |
| ***cilivaṉ-a*** | 19.3 | N. of a donor (in genitive case); 'of Ciḻivaṉ'. |
| ***cilivaṉ atiṭaṉ veḷiyaṉ*** (***-atiṭṭaṉ-***) | 7.2 | N. of a donor. |
| ***ciṟuceṇṇaṉ*** | 106.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***ciṟu ... vaṉ*** | 73.9 | N. of a carpenter. (Fragmentary.) |
| ***cuṉai*** | 84.6 | (n.) 'mountain pool, spring'. |
| ***ceṅkāyapaṉ*** | 61.4, 62.4, 63.2 | N. of a senior Jaina monk. |
| ***ceṅkuviraṉ*** | 22.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***ceṉtantaṉ*** | 109.1, 110.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***ceyta*** | 49.7 | (v.) 'which was made'. |
| ***ceytā[ṉ\*]*** | 55.4 | (v.) 'he who made'. |
| ***ceypita*** (*ceypitta*) | 89.3 | (v.) 'which was caused to be made'. |
| ***ceyvittāṉ*** | 88.2 | (v.) 'he who caused to be made'. |
| ***ceyita*** | 76.6 | (v.) 'which was made'. Cf. LT *ceyta*. |
| ***ceyitāṉ*** | 73.7 | (v.) 'he who made'. Cf. LT *ceytāṉ*. |
| ***ceyipita*** (*ceyipitta*) | 65.5 | (v.) 'which was caused to be made'. |
| ***ceyivitta*** | 83.5 | (v.) 'which was caused to be made.' Cf. LT *ceyvitta*. |
| ***ceṟ-ataṉ-[ō]ṉ*** (*ceṟṟ-*) | 12.4 | N. of a donor. Cf. Ta. *ciṟṟ-*, Ma. *ceṟṟu* 'young, junior'. |
| ***cē-iya*** | 2.10 | (v.) 'which was made'. See Commentary on the inscriptional form *cē-* for LT *cey*. |
| ***cē-k-kant=aṇṇi*** (*cē-k-kant(i)-aṇṇi*). | 83.4 | N. of a Jaina nun; mother of ***cē-k-kanti***. *cē* 'a personal or family name'; *kanti* 'Jaina nun'; *aṇṇi* 'honorific suffix added to feminine names'. |
| ***cē-k-kanti*** | 83.2 | N. of a Jaina nun. See also previous entry. |
| ***cētavar*** | 35.3 | (v.) 'they who made'. Cf. LT *ceytavar*. |
| ***cēy-a*** | 31.2 | (v.) 'which was made'. |
| ***cēvit-ōṉ*** (*cēvittōṉ*) | 18.3 | (v.) 'he who caused to be made'. Cf. LT *ceyvittōṉ*. |
| ***caiy-aḷaṉ*** (*caiyaḷaṉ*) | 57.2 | N. of a donor. |
| ***ñākaṉ*** | 72.1 | N. of the father of a donor. Cf. LT *nākaṉ*. |
c29.s1.87
***tacaṉ*** (*taccaṉ*) 73.8 (n.) 'carpenter'.
c29.s1.88
***tanta*** 73.3 (v.) 'who took (in battle)'.
c29.s1.89
***tantai-y*** 2.8 (n.) 'father'.
c29.s1.90
***tanma*[*ṉ*]** 45.1 N. of a donor.
c29.s1.91
***tātta kāri*** 118.2 N. of a person.
c29.s1.92
***tāyiyaru*** 83.3 (n.) 'mother' (honorific sing.). Cf. Ka. *tāyiyaru*. See section 3.2.4 (i).
c29.s1.93
***tāra-aṇi-i*** 44.2 (n.) 'drip ledge (?)'. Cf. LT *tārai* 'line, drain'; *aṇi* 'that which is joined'.
c29.s1.94
[***t*]***iāvạṉ-ūr*** (*tāvaṇūr*) 63.3 (P.)
c29.s1.95
***tāṉa*** 19.4, 20.4, 23.2, 28.2, 31.3, 32.2, 33.2 (n.) '(religious) gift' < *dāna*(*ṁ*) (Pkt.).
c29.s1.96
***tiṭi*** (*tiṭṭi*) 58.1 (P.) See Table 4.3 for identification.
c29.s1.97
***tiṭi-il-a*** (*tiṭṭi-*) 33.1 'of Tiṭṭi-il'. (P.) (in genitive case). See also previous entry.
c29.s1.98
***tiyaṉ cantaṉ*** 47.1 N. of a donor.
c29.s1.99
***tuṟukay*** 114.1 (n.) Variant of **tuṟukai*, 'vent of a sluice'. Cf. *tuṟukal* 'stone-stopper to close the outlet (*tūmpu*) of a channel'.
c29.s1.100
***teṉku-ciṟupocil*** 49.5 (P.) Cf. (inscr.) *teṉ-ciṟuvāyil-nāṭu*, an ancient territorial division located to the east of Sittannavasal.
c29.s1.101
***tē*[*va*]***ṉ* [*c*]***ā*[*tta*]***ṉ*** 85.4 N. of the composer of the inscription (No. *85*) and the two adjoining charts of musical notations (Nos. *86* & *87*). See section 4.22.2.
c29.s1.102
***tōṅūr*** 73.2 (P.)
c29.s1.103
***taita*** (*taitta*) 101.2 (v.) 'which was made'.
c29.s1.104
***toṭa*** (*toṭṭa*) 84.5 (v.) 'which was excavated'.
c29.s1.105
***toṇṭi*** 10.2 (P.) The ancient Pāṇṭiya seaport on the east coast of South India. See section 4.20.4 (ii).
c29.s1.106
***nakkaṉ*** 103.1 N. of a donor.
c29.s1.107
***natti*** 69.3 N. of a gold merchant.
c29.s1.108
***natti-y*** 4.2 N. of a senior Jaina monk.
c29.s1.109
***nataṉ*** 48.4 N. of a senior Jaina monk.
c29.s1.110
***nata-siri-y kuva*[*ṉ*]** 3.2 N. of a senior Jaina monk. See also following entry.
c29.s1.111
***nanta-a- siri-y-i kuv-aṇkē*** 1.2 N. of a senior Jaina monk (in dative case). The name may be normalised as Nanta-siri Kuvaṉ on the basis of the variant forms in inscriptions (Nos. *1-3*).
c29.s1.112
| ***nanta- siri-y ku-aṉ*** | 2.2 | N. of a senior Jaina monk. See also previous entry. |
| ***namōttu*** | 115.1 | 'Let there be salutation!' An invocation. Cf. (Skt.) *namō=(a)stu*. |
| ***nalmuḻa-ukai*** | 17.3 | (n.) 'auspicious cave'. Cf. LT *nal* 'good', *muḻai* 'cave'. |
| ***nalli-[y]-ūr-ā*** (*nalliyūr-*) | 66.1 | (P.) in genitive case; 'of Nalliyūr'. See section 7.27.4 on the use of *-ā* as genitive suffix. |
| ***nali-[y]-ūr-ā*** (*nalliyūr-*) | 65.1 | See previous entry. |
| ***nākapērūr*** | 56.1 | (P.) |
| ***nākaṉ*** | 48.2 | N. of a senior Jaina monk. |
| ***nāḻal*** (*nāḻal*) | 77.1 | (P.) Cf. LT *ñāḻal*/*nāḻal* 'a flowering tree'. |
| ***nikamatu*** (*nikamattu*) | 3.4 | (n., obl.); 'of the *nikama(m)*'. Cf. LT *nikamam* 'a caravan of merchants' (*TL*). See section 4.16.1. |
| ***nikamatōr*** (*nikamattōr*) | 6.2 | (n., pl.) 'members of a merchant guild'. |
| [***ni***\*]***citikai*** | 115.9 | (n.) 'seat of penance' (Jaina). |
| ***nicītikai*** | 116.6 | See previous entry. |
| ***nīr=aṉavāy*** | 120.2 | (noun phrase ). 'mouth' (*vāy*) of the 'dam' (*aṉa*) (across) a 'watercourse' (*nīr*). Cf. Ma. *aṉa*, Ta. *aṉai* 'dam'. |
| ***nūṟu*** | 16.3 | (num.) 'hundred'. |
| ***neṭiñcaḻiyaṉ*** | 2.5 | N. of a Pāṇṭiya king. Cf. LT *neṭuñceḻiyaṉ*. See section 4.2.1. |
| ***neṭuñcaliyaṉ*** | 1.5 | See previous entry. |
| ***neṭumalaṉ*** (*-mallaṉ*) | 42.2 | N. of a *gur* merchant. |
| ***nel*** | 16.5 | (n.) 'paddy'. See section 4.15.1. |
| ***nelveḷi-iy*** | 7.1 | (P.) Cf. LT *nel* 'paddy'; *veḷi* 'open space, field'. |
| ***nōṟṟa*** | 116.3 | (v.) 'who observed the penance'. |
| ***nōṟṟu*** | 115.7 | (v.) 'having observed the penance'. |
| ***paṇa-aṉ*** | 1.6 | (n.) 'servant'; here, a high functionary serving under the king. Cf. LT *paṇavaṉ*. |
| ***patantaṉ*** | 60.3 | (n.) 'the venerable one'; title of a Jaina monk. Cf. (Pkt.) *bhadanta*. See section 4.9.3 (iv). |
| ***patiṉ-[ū]r*** (*patiṉūr*) | 30.1 | (P.) Cf. LT *patiṉ-*, bound form of *pattu* 'ten'; *ūr* 'village'. |
| ***pamitti*** (*pammitti*) | 41.3 | (n.) 'Jaina nun'. Cf. LT *pammai*, *paimmai*, *paimai* id. See section 4.9.4 (i). |
| ***par-acu*** (*paracu*) | 9.2 | N. of a Jaina *upādhyāya*. Cf. LT *paracu* (v.) 'to praise, extol'. See section 6.19.2 for the pause. |
| ***parampaṉ-kōkūr*** | 84.1 | (P.) Cf. LT *parampu* 'flat land' (or) *parampaṉ* 'a class of cultivators'. |
| ***palpuli*** | 118.1 | (P.) Cf. LT *pal-* 'many'; *puli* 'tiger(s)'. |
c29.s1.113
| ***paḷḷi*** | 83.6, 88.1 | (n.) 'hermitage, sleeping place' (the expression refers to cave shelters with stone beds). See section 4.9.8 (i) and Commentary (1.9). |
| ***paḷi*** (*paḷḷi*) | 34.3, 59.4, 65.6 | See previous entry. |
| ***paḷi-i*** | 10.5, 89.4 | See ***paḷḷi***. See also section 7.8.1 for the addition of the suffix. |
| ***paḷi-iy*** | 1.9 | id. |
| ***paḷi-y*** | 2.11, 52.4 | id. |
| ***paḷ[i]-y*** | 15.1 | id. |
| ***pa[ḷi\*]-y*** | 77.3 | id. |
| *...**paṅkē*** | 78.1 | N. (?) in dative case. (Fragmentary.) |
| ***paṉaituṟai*** | 50.1 | (P.) Cf. LT *paṉai* 'palmyra palm tree'; *tuṟai* 'waterfront'. |
| ***pākaṉ-ūr*** (*pākaṉūr*) | 13.1 | (P.) See Table 4.3 for identification. |
| ***pāṅkāṭa*** (*-kāṭṭa* ) | 8.1 | (P.) in genitive case. *pāṅkāṭ(u)* + *a* 'of Pāṅkāṭu'. |
| ***pāṇāṭṭu*** | 115.2 | (P., obl.). *pāṇ* + *nāṭṭu* 'of Pāṇāṭu'. An ancient territorial division. Cf. (Skt.) *pāṇa-rāṣṭra*. Cf. (inscr.) *perum-pāṇa-p-pāṭi*. |
| ***pāṇita-vāṇikaṉ*** | 42.1 | (n.) 'gur merchant'. |
| ***piṭantai*** (*piṭṭantai*) | 66.2 | (N.) same as ***piṭaṉ*** (*piṭṭaṉ*). See following entry. |
| ***piṭaṉ*** (*piṭṭaṉ*) | 65.2 | N. of the father of a donor. |
| ***piṇa-u*** | 3.8 | (n.) 'cave' (?) Cf. LT *piḷavu* 'cleft (of rock)'. |
| ***piṟanta*** | 49.3 | (v.) 'who was born'. |
| ***piṉ-aṉ kuṟṟaṉ*** (*piṉṉaṉ-*) | 63.4 | N. of a donor. Cf. Ta. *piṉṉaṉ* 'younger brother', *kuṟiyoṉ* 'the short one'; Te. *kuṟṟa* 'child, boy'. |
| ***puṇaruttāṉ*** | 85.2 | (v.) 'he who composed' (the musical inscriptions Nos. **86** & **87**). Cf. LT *puṇarttāṉ*. |
| ***pūti vira*** (*-vīra*) | 81.2 | N. of a chieftain. |
| ***pentōṭaṉ*** | 102.1 | N. of a donor; (*pem-* < *perum-*). |
| ***peruṅkaṭuṅkōṉ*** | 61.9, 62.9 | N. of a prince of the Irumporai branch of the Cēra dynasty. |
| ***peruṅkīraṉ*** | 72.3 | N. of a donor. |
| ***peruṅkūṟṟaṉ*** | 88.6 | N. of a donor. |
| ***peruntacaṉ*** (*-taccaṉ*) | 117.3 | (n.) 'master mason, sculptor'. |
| ***perumpokal*** | 83.1 | (P.) See Table 4.3 for identification. |
| ***pētalai*** (*pēttalai*) | 21.1 | (P.) |
| ***pē[r]ataṉ piṭaṉ*** (*-piṭṭaṉ*) | 13.2 | N. of a donor. |
| ***pēr-ay-am*** (*pērayam*) | 35.2 | (n.) 'large tank'. See section 6.18 for 'analytical' writing. |
c29.s1.114
*poykai* 102.2 (n.) 'natural spring, pond, tank'.
c29.s1.115
*polālaiyaṉ* 55.3 N. of a donor.
c29.s1.116
*p[o]rkorri* 113.3 (N.) Pet name given to a fighting cock.
c29.s1.117
*poṉ-kolvaṉ* 36.2 (n.) 'goldsmith'. Cf. LT *poṉ-kollaṉ*.
c29.s1.118
*poṉ-vāṇikaṉ* 69.2 (n.) 'gold merchant'.
c29.s1.119
*makaḷ* 66.3 (n.) 'daughter'.
c29.s1.120
*makaṉ* 20.2, 40.4, 61.8, 61.10, 62.8, 62.10, 72.2, 84.3, 88.5 (n.) 'son'.
c29.s1.121
*mattiraikē* (*matirai-*) 38.1 'of Matirai'. (P.) in genitive case. See *matirai*.
c29.s1.122
[*m*]*atira* 27.1 Variant of *matirai*.
c29.s1.123
*matiray* 36.1 See following entry.
c29.s1.124
*matirai* 24.2 (P.) Cf. (inscr.) *matirai*, (LT *maturai*), the ancient capital city of the Pāṇṭiya dynasty. See section 4.20.4 (i).
c29.s1.125
*malai-y vaṇṇakkaṉ* 85.3 (n.) A member of the Malai-Vaṇṇakkar clan. Cf. LT *vaṇṇakka kōttiraṉ*.
c29.s1.126
*mācakōṭu* 120.1 (P.) Cf. LT *mācu* 'darkness, mist, cloud'; *kōṭu* 'mountain, peak'.
c29.s1.127
*māṇākkar* 115.5 (n., honorific sing.); 'pupil, scholar, religious student'; here, a technical term denoting the acolyte of a senior Jaina monk.
c29.s1.128
*mārayatu* (*mārāyattu*) 54.1 (n., obl.) 'of the *mārāya(m)*', 'honour or title bestowed by the king'; here, probably for one so honoured. Cf. LT *mārāyam*. See section 4.6.10.
c29.s1.129
*mukaiyuru* (*mukaiyūru*) 112.1 (P.) See Table 4.3 for identification.
c29.s1.130
*muciṟi* 56.3 (P.) The ancient Cēra seaport on the west coast of South India. See section 4.20.4 (iv).
c29.s1.131
[*m*]*uṭitta* 115.8 (v.) 'who completed'; here, a Jaina technical term for ending one's life through the penance of ceremonial fast unto death.
c29.s1.132
*mutā* 61.1 (adj.) 'elder'; title of a senior Jaina monk.
c29.s1.133
*muḻākai* 7.3 (n.) 'cave, cavern'. Cf. LT *muḻai*.
c29.s1.134
*muṉṟu* 67.2 (n.) 'forecourt, front yard'. Cf. LT *muṉṟil*.
c29.s1.135
*mūtā* 62.1 See *mutā*.
c29.s1.136
*mēṟc*[ē]*ri*[*ku*] 112.2 'for the western quarter of the village'. (P.) in dative case.
c29.s1.137
*mōci* 76.5 N. of a stonemason.
c29.s1.138
*mōnala*[*ñ*]-*cāttaṉ* 121.2 N. of a sculptor, *mōnala(ṉ)* + *cāttaṉ* 'Cāttaṉ, son of Mōnalaṉ'.
c29.s1.139
| ***yāṟṟu*** | 62.3 | (P., obl.); literally, 'of the river (*yāṟu*)'. However, from the context, this appears to be an abbreviation of ***yāṟṟūr***. See following entry. |
| ***yāṟṟūr*** | 61.3, 63.1 | (P.) See Table 4.3 for identification. |
| ***va[c]caṇanti*** | 115.3 | N. of a senior Jaina monk. |
| ***vintai-ūr*** | 57.1 | (P.) |
| ***viyakkaṉ kōpaṉ kaṇatēvaṉ*** (***-kaṇṇa-***) | 84.4 | N. of a donor. |
| ***viyakaṉ*** | 39.2 | N. of a salt merchant. |
| ***veṅkōmalai*** | 119.1 | (P.) Cf. (Skt. inscr.) *veṅgō-rāṣṭra*; (Ta. inscr.) *veykōṭṭu-malai*. |
| ***veṅkāsipaṉ*** | 14.1 | N. of a donor. |
| ***veṇpa[ḷi]-i*** (***-paḷḷi-***) | 46.1 | (P.) |
| ***veṉ-a*** (***veṉ-***) | 20.3 | N. of a donor (in genitive case); 'of *veṉ*'. Cf. LT *veṉ* 'victory'. |
| ***veni ētaṉ*** (***veṇṇi-*** ) | 70.2 | N. of a donor. Cf. (Ta.) *veṇri* ; (Ma.) *venni* 'victory'. |
| ***vepōṉ*** (***veppōṉ***) | 13.4 | (v.) 'he who has endowed'. Cf. LT *vaippōṉ*. |
| ***veḷ-aṟai*** (***veḷḷaṟai***) | 6.1 | (P.) literally, 'white rock'. See Table 4.3 for identification. |
| ***veḷ-aṟai-y*** (***veḷḷaṟai-***) | 3.3 | See previous entry. |
| ***vesaṉ*** (***vessaṉ***) | 50.2 | N. of a donor. |
| ***vēmpir-ūr*** (***vēmpiṟṟūr***) | 35.1 | (P.) Cf. LT *vēmpaṟṟūr*. See Table 4.3 for identification. |
| ***vaika*** (***vaikka***) | 16.2 | (v.) 'to endow'. |
| ***ṇākaṉ*** (***nākaṉ***) | 37.1 | N. of a person. |
| ***dhammam*** | 1.3 | (n.) 'religious gift, charity or endowment' < (Pkt.) *dhamma*. |
| ***dhamam*** (***dhammam***) | 2.3 | See previous entry. Cf. (Pkt. inscr.) *dhama*. |
| ***satiyaputō*** (***-puttō***) | 59.1 | (n.) Title of ***atiyaṉ neṭumān añci*** as a member of the Satiya clan. Cf. (inscr. of Asoka) *satiyaputō*. Cf. LT *atiyamān* (< *-makaṉ*). See section 4.5.1. |
| ***sapamitā*** (***sappamittā***) | 41.1 | N. of a Jaina nun. |
| ***sālakaṉ*** | 2.6 | (n.) 'sister-in law's husband'. Cf. LT *cālakaṉ*, 'wife's sister's husband'. |