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The Aravidu Dynasty of Vijayanagara, Vol. I v1: Volume 1

The Aravidu Dynasty of Vijayanagara, Vol. I v1

Language
English

Contents

Volume 1

Front matter

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THE ARAVIDU DYNASTY

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OF VIJAYANAGARA

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VOL. I

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BY THE REV. HENRY HERAS, S.J., M.A., STUDIES IN INDIAN HISTORY OF THE INDIAN HISTORICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE ST. XAVIER'S COLLEGE, BOMBAY No.3.

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I. Stone representation of Rama Raya's head. (By kind permission of the Curator, Bijapur Museum.)

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THE ARAVIDU DYNASTY

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OF VIJAYANAGARA

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BY THE REV. HENRY HERAS, S.J., M.A., PROFESSOR OF INDIAN HISTORY, ST. XAVIER'S COLLEGE, BOMBAY

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WITH A PREFACE BY SIR RICHARD CARNAC TEMPLE, BT. C.B., C. I. E., F. B. A., F. S. A. HON. FELLOW, TRIN. HALL, CAMBRIDGE

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VOL. I

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B. G. PAUL & CO. PUBLISHERS MADRAS

Preface

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Father H. Heras, S. J., Professor of Indian History, St. Xavier's College, Bombay, has already distinguished himself in promoting knowledge of the history of Central and South India by two original papers in the *Indian Antiquary* on "The Conquest of the Fort of Asirgarh" and on the "City of Jinji." He has now set himself to elucidate the history of Vijayanagara in the time of its fourth and last dynasty, that is, during the period 1542-1770 of the Christian era—a period but lightly touched on in Mr. Sewell's well-known history of Vijayanagara—*A Forgotten Empire*.

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The period is, however, a very important one in the story of Hinduism, and it covers also that of the rise of European power in India—Portuguese, Dutch, Danish, French and English—and of the struggles of the various European nations for supremacy, ending in the final victory of the English over all others. It was further a period of great Jesuit activity and of the general spread of modern European Christianity in South India. These considerations alone attest the value of its exhaustive study and the interest it cannot fail to arouse in all European students of the Indian Empire.

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It is, however, a period of great difficulty, owing to the constant and varying struggle between Hindu Vijayanagara and the Muhammadan powers of the Deccan on the one hand, and on the other of never-ending local difficulties of fighting caused by the Vijayanagara system of governing through Viceroys, who were practically independent kings in their restricted territories and appeared as such to visiting Europeans, while the representatives of European powers took sides and joined in the general *melée*. History thus appears as an almost hopeless jumble of local struggle, and indeed it requires no small research to put together the pieces of the puzzle, so that the reader has before him an intelligible account of the happenings at a period of Indian history of the first importance to those who would understand the conditions of to-day.

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This great task Father Heras has undertaken, to my mind in the manner in which it should be undertaken. He goes into the causes which led to the conditions that brought the last Vijayanagara Dynasty—the Aravidu—into existence, and then writes up the history of it from original unpublished documents, as well as from the books on the subject, and in a long appendix he gives the unpublished documents themselves in their original languages. History cannot be more fairly presented.

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Such is the method of Father Heras in attacking his subject and in this first volume we find that he commences with an account of the reigns of the last rulers of the Third Dynasty—the Tuluva—so as to show how the Aravidu family stepped quietly into its place in the person of the Aravidu minister, Rāma Rāya of Sadāsiva Rāya, the last Emperor of the Third Dynasty. He then gives an account of the administration of Vijayanagara under Rāma Rāya, the maintenance of Hinduism, and the foreign policy, especially as regards the Portuguese. As regards Rāma Rāya’s clever and tortuous dealings with the Muhammadan powers of the Deccan, a whole chapter is devoted to them.

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Father Heras then harks back to South Indian History to explain the early Telugu invasions of the Tamil country, ending with the establishment of Visvanātha Nāyaka as Nāyak (king) of Madura and the story of his successors—introducing incidentally the doings of St. Francis Xavier and other Jesuit leaders. This is followed by an account of the Nāyaks of Tanjore, Jinji and Ikeri (the very name of which last once great city has since disappeared from the general Indian maps), and of the Rājas of Mysore and other Feudatory Chiefs, including the obscure and curious Queens of Bhatkal and Ullāl.

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These minor considerations bring us back to the struggle between the Tuluva Dynasty of Vijayanagara and the Deccani Muhammadans, ending with the battle of Raksas-Tagdi, the execution of Rāma Rāya and the end of the Tuluva Dynasty. This brings the Aravidu Tirumala, Rāma Rāya’s brother, to the Vijayanagara throne and the transfer of the capital to Penukonda, giving the death blow to Portuguese commerce in India. His short reign thereafter was necessarily a time of confusion and trouble and constant struggles with the Muhammadans to the North of him. He was succeeded by Sri Ranga I, who kept the capital at Penukonda and fought back the Muhammadans. Under these rulers three Viceroyalties were established respectively over the Telugu, Kanarese and Tamil countries, to the story of which Father Heras devotes two chapters, with details of Portuguese interference with their affairs.

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History then deals with the affairs of Venkatapatideva Rāya (Venkata II), still at Penukonda, and with his struggles with his feudatory chiefs, and also with the Muhammadans and the Nāyak of Madura, giving an account of that feudatory dynasty. At this point comes in the story of Father Roberto de Nobili and his unusual behaviour, of which one is glad to have an orderly account.

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Venkata II had further many dealings with the Nāyaks of Tanjore and Jinji, the Kanarese Viceroy, the Rāja of Mysore, the Nāyak of Ikeri, and other chieftains, in which the Portuguese, the Dutch and the Jesuits were mixed up. Besides describing these Father Heras gives us an account of the dealings of Venkata II directly with the Portuguese, Dutch and English of the day, and a separate account of the Jesuits at his Court.

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The volume then goes into minor, but yet important matters such as those of painting at Venkata II's court, especially by Jesuit Fathers, his family affairs and literary activity under the first Aravidu sovereigns. Finally the volume winds up with a most valuable chapter on the struggle of Sri Vaishnavism with other Hindu sects.

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The above very brief *resumé* of Father Heras's first volume is sufficient to show what it covers and how the writer has kept the many conflicting items of history apart, so that they can be absorbed by the student without confusion of mind.

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R. C. TEMPLE

Contents

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| | | | PAGE |
| PREFACE | ... | ... | v |
| LIST OF PLATES | ... | ... | xii |
| INTRODUCTION | ... | ... | xiii |
| BIBLIOGRAPHICAL INTRODUCTION | | ... | xvii |
| CHAP. | | | |
| I | THE REIGN OF VENKATA I ... | ... | 1 |
| II | SADASIVA RAYA AND HIS REGENT RAMA RAYA ... | ... | 13 |
| III | ADMINISTRATION OF THE EMPIRE ... | ... | 27 |
| IV | FOREIGN POLICY | ... | 54 |
| V | RAMA RAYA AND THE DECCANI MUHAMMADANS ... | ... | 73 |
| VI | EARLY TELUGU INVASIONS INTO THE SOUTH ... | ... | 99 |
| VII | THE NAYAKS OF MADURA ... | ... | 131 |
| VIII | THE NAYAKS OF TANJORE, JINJI AND IKERI, THE RAJAS OF MYSORE AND OTHER FEUDATORY CHIEFS ... | ... | 172 |
| IX | THE BATTLE OF RAKSAS-TAGDI ... | ... | 194 |
| X | THE END OF THE TULUVA DYNASTY ... | 218 |
| XI | THE SHORT REIGN OF TIRUMALA ... | 248 |
| XII | THE EMPIRE UNDER SRI RANGA I ... | 264 |
| XIII | THE TAMIL VICEROYALTY ... | 280 |
| XIV | THE KANARESE VICEROYALTY ... | 290 |
| XV | VENKATAPATIDEVA RAYA II ... | 300 |
| XVI | WARS WITH THE MUHAMMADANS ... | 326 |
| XVII | THE NAYAKSHIP OF MADURA ... | 341 |

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XX THE END OF THE KANARESE VICEROYALTY ... ... ... 411

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XXI VENKATA II'S RELATIONS WITH THE PORTUGUESE, DUTCH AND ENGLISH 428

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XXII THE JESUITS AT THE COURT OF VENKATA II ... ... ... 464

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XXIII VENKATA II AND THE ART OF PAINTING. 486

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XXIX FAMILY AFFAIRS, DEATH OF VENKATA II ... ... ... 494

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XXIV LITERARY ACTIVITY UNDER THE FIRST ARAVIDU SOVEREIGNS... ... 513

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XXVI THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN SRI VAISHNAVISM AND OTHER SECTS ... 532

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APPENDIX A ... ... ... 555

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APPENDIX B ... ... ... 567

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APPENDIX C ... ... ... 581

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APPENDIX D ... ... ... 639

List of Plates

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| PLATE | | PAGE |
| I | STONE REPRESENTATION OF RAMA RAYA'S HEAD | *Frontispiece* |
| II | THE EMPIRE OF VIJAYANAGARA UNDER SADASIVA RAYA | *to face* ... 54 |
| III | RAMA RAYA OF VIJAYANAGARA | ... 90 |
| IV | VISVANATHA NAYAKA OF MADURA | ... 131 |
| V | BATTLE OF RAKSAS-TAGDI. THE HINDU ARMY. FIRST ENGAGEMENT | ... 206 |
| VI | BATTLE OF RAKSAS-TAGDI. THE DEFEAT OF THE HINDU ARMY | ... 211 |
| VII | BATTLE OF RAKSAS-TAGDI. THE EXECUTION OF RAMA RAYA | ... 214 |
| VIII | BATTLE OF RAKSAS-TAGDI. THE RETREAT OF THE HINDU ARMY | ... 216 |
| IX | VIJAYANAGARA. HINDU-MUSLIM BATH | 227 |
| X | TIRUMALA RAYA. UPPER TIRUPATI | ... 248 |
| XI | VENKATAPATI DEVA RAYA II. UPPER TIRUPATI | ... 302 |
| XII | MAP OF INDIA OF SANSON D'ABBEVILLE, 1652 | ... 313 |
| XIII | A PORTION OF THE WALLS OF THE OLD FORT OF VELLORE | ... 318 |
| XIV | THE EMPIRE OF VIJAYANAGARA UNDER VENKATA II | ... 334 |

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PAGE XV MUTHU KRISHNAPPA NAYAKA AND MUTHU VIRAPPA NAYAKA *to face* ... 358 XVI FR. ROBERTO DE NOBILI, S. J., IN THE COSTUME OF BRAHMAN SANNYASI ... 382 XVII INDIA AND BURMA ACCORDING TO THE 'CARTA MARINA' OF 1516 BY M. WALDSEEMULLER ... 438

Introduction

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The History of the Aravidu Dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire is the history of the Telugu domination over the Tamil and Kanarese people. No doubt the whole of Southern India was under the sway of Vijayanagara prior to the 15th century. But the former rules of the Tamilians had been either retained, as in the case of the Cholas of Tanjore, or restored, as in the case of the Pandyas of Madura, as feudatory kings under the powerful Telugu Empire. Now, when the star—once so bright—of Vijayanagara was on the wane, many of the old native rulers were replaced by Telugu chiefs, destined to become the founders of the royal dynasties of the South after the setting of the imperial glory. The same fate befell most of the rulers of the Kanarese country, though there several of the old native chieftains survived.

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To study the history of this dynasty without relating the events that turned those Telugu Nayaks first into feudatory kings and then into independent sovereigns, would be to mutilate the history of the fourth dynasty of Vijayanagara. Consequently we propose to deal with the whole history of the South of India, excepting Malabar, from the second half of the 16th century until the middle of the 18th, when the last representative of the old feudatory chiefs of Vijayanagara disappeared with the usurpation of Haidar Ali.

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It is needless to insist on the importance of this period in the general history of India. Between the dates just mentioned, the already flourishing Portuguese commerce in India met its death-blow by the first appearance in the southern seas of the Danish, Dutch, French and English traders. Deccani Muhammadans, Marathas and Mughals successively invaded the South, and shook to its very foundations the venerable Empire of Vijayanagara. It was also during this period that Vaishnavism was firmly established in the South as a result of the onslaughts on Jainism and Saivism, after the preaching of Ramanujacharya. Finally the successors of St. Francis Xavier, who preached Christ's Gospel on the Fishery Coast at the close of the third dynasty, were actively spreading the Catholic Doctrine, at one time protected by the very Emperors, Nayaks and other chiefs, at another persecuted by them; and one of these missionaries, Fr. R. de Nobili, founded at this time the famous Madura Mission among the high caste people, the effects of which it is impossible to pass over in silence in a general history of the country.

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As to the contents of this first volume, I must justify my starting with the alternation of the reign of the two as monarchs of the third Dynasty. The end of the Tuluva Dynasty and the beginning of the Aravidu Dynasty are not marked or separated by any great fight or tremendous coup d' etat that puts before our eyes the latter and announces the extinction of the former. The Aravidu family, connected by marriage with the reigning Tuluva Dynasty, became increasingly powerful after the demise of Achyuta Deva Raya. Hence we have selected this event for the beginning of our narrative.

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Thus we shall see the first appearance of the three representatives of the Aravidu family in the political world of Vijayanagara, and we shall be able to understand thoroughly the causes of its rise to power, even before the total extinction of the preceding dynasty. For, the real founder of the Aravidu Dynasty is certainly not Tirumala; his brother Rama Raya, some years previous to the so-called Talikota disaster, had already paved for his family the path leading to the throne, which he actually mounted with the unanimous approval of the whole of the Empire.

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Therefore this volume will contain the history of the reigns of five Monarchs of the Empire of Vijayanagara.

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Venkata I, hitherto simply called Venkatadri, whose early death provoked the seizing of the capital by Rama Raya and his brothers; Sadasiva Raya, who saw patiently the rising of Rama Raya as well as his sudden fall in the national calamity at Raksas-Tagdi; Tirumala, who finally succeeded in establishing the Aravidu family on the throne of Vijayanagara; Ranga I, whose short reign witnessed the increased power of the Muhammadans, who were constantly menacing the northern frontier of the Empire; and finally, Venkata II, known hitherto as Venkata I, the most illustrious sovereign of this Dynasty, who checked the Muslim raids in the North, subdued the turbulent Nayaks in the South, caused the Rajas of Mysore to be firmly established in their realm, strengthened his power by an alliance with the Portuguese and fostered literature and the fine arts throughout his vast dominions. The civil war that followed his death hastened the decay of the Empire.

Bibliographical Introduction

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In any historical work, the author, besides the sources from which he has gathered his information, must have consulted many works either directly on the subject, or referring to it in some way. Hence the two parts of this Introduction: I. Contemporary Sources. II. Literature.

I Contemporary Sources

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Naturally the *sources*, in order to have the necessary authority demanded by modern history, must be contemporary. This word however has a comprehensive meaning. Under it those works or documents are also contained which, although not strictly contemporary, bear nevertheless such a stamp of antiquity and authority that they are unquestionably accepted as historical sources. Such are also those works which are based on ancient contemporary documents. In fact if history is written as it should be, it is not always possible to draw the line between sources and literature.

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These sources may be unpublished or published:—

1. Unpublished Sources

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A. From the *Bharata Itihasa Sanshodhaka Mandala*, Poona. *Poona Persian Poem* (P.P.P.)

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We have given this name to a manuscript Persian Poem belonging to the collection of the Bharata Itihasa Sanshodhaka Mandala, Poona.

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It is a volume measuring 8 × 4 inches, richly bound in leather, with gilt patterns on the front cover; the binding however is badly worn. It contains 49 loose leaves of thick Daulatabadi paper sprinkled with gold, *i.e.*, 98 pages numbered with Sanskrit characters in pencil, beginning from the last page of the Persian manuscript. These pages are much damaged and worm-eaten. All bear the stamp of the Mandala. Between these and the cover both at the beginning and the end there are four leaves of an inferior kind of paper, a little whiter, containing some Persian writings which have no connection with the subject of the poem. There are 12 full-page coloured paintings, some of which are reproduced in this volume by the kind permission of the Honorary Secretaries of the Mandala. Each painting is covered with modern white paper. On the first page of the volume there is the seal of the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. Its inscription runs as follows: *Muhammad Shah Padshah Ghazi—1132* (A.H.) This seal is half obliterated as well as the following lines in Persian written on the same page: *Book of praise of Hassan (sic), King of Deccan. With 14 pictures, 49 leaves and 4 pages unwritten.* In the upper left corner there was another seal now totally effaced, which might perhaps be the seal of one of the Ahmadnagar Sultans. Moreover on the same page two small square seals may be seen, bearing the following inscription: *1350 Puvan Chand.* Three other impressions of this seal are found in one of the last blank pages of the manuscript.

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The poem begins on page 2 with an introduction headed by a beautifully painted pattern; in the middle of which, on a golden field, we read the following common inscription: *In the name of God, the generous, the merciful.* Besides this introduction the poem contains 11 cantos, the last of which is unfinished. The titles of these cantos are as follows:—

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I. Praises of God. II. Praises of the Prophet. III. The Virtues of the Lord. IV. The Beginning of the Reign of Hussain Nizam Shah. V. The Beauty and Nature of Humayun Shah. VI. The Marriage of Hussain Nizam Shah and Humayun Shah. VII. The Durbar of Hussain Nizam Shah who admires the Beauty of Humayun Shah. VIII. Praise of love and lovers. IX. Hussain Nizam Shah musters an army against the infidels and marches on Bijanagar. X. Hussain Shah's fight with Rama Raja, King of Bijanagar and his victory. XI. Return of Hussain Shah, from the war with the infidels and conquest of Bijanagar, to Ahmadnagar and his passing from this abode of destruction to the eternal abode.

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The writing is done in very black Indian ink and with extraordinarily beautiful penmanship. The verses are always enclosed within a rectangular blank and gold border, which leaves a margin of about an inch. The verses of the introduction are underlined with gold; occasionally there are some verses written in the margin. The poem was suddenly interrupted and left unfinished but the three last pages are already bordered, waiting its completion.

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The poem was, no doubt, written by a Court poet of Hussain Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar, the history of whose reign is the argument of the poem. Though begun perhaps during his own reign, it was certainly continued during the beginning of the reign of his son Murtaza Nizam Shah, while his mother Bibi Konzah Humayun was governing on his behalf for three years¹. This is proved by the fact that there is a full canto in honour of the Sultana. Such an extraordinary piece of flattery would be unintelligible, unless written while she was the ruler of the state. Now from the fact that the last canto of the poem is abruptly cut short (so much so that even the death of the Sultan—the account of which is promised in the heading of the canto—is not narrated) we may safely conclude that the work was suddenly interrupted during the political upheaval caused by the Regent's imprisonment. The poem itself is of very little historical importance; the paintings are much more interesting.

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¹ Burhan-i-Ma'asir, *Ind. Ant.*, L, p. 195-6 and 207; Ferishta—Briggs, III, p. 250-3.

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This copy of the poem was, no doubt, intended for the library of the Sultan himself, as the richness of its execution clearly shows. When Ahmadnagar fell into the possession of the Mughals, the manuscript went, either at once or some years later—perhaps during the reign of Muhammad Shah (1719—1748), whose seal appears on the first page—to Burhampur, a place which at times was the capital of the Mughal Deccan. There it was found in the possession of a private person by the late Mr. Pandurang Narasinha Patvardhan of Poona, who forwarded it to the Bharata Itihasa Sanshodhaka Mandala.

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I owe the English Translation of the three cantos of this poem, published in *Appendix A*, to Mr. Mohamed Kazem Nemazi, B. A., Professor of Persian in our College.

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B. From the *Archivo da Secretaria Geral do Governo*, Pangim.

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*Moncoes do Reino*. These volumes measuring 10 x 6 inches as a general rule contain letters both from the Kings of Portugal to their Viceroys or Governors of Goa and from the Viceroys and Governors to the Kings. Occasionally other documents are found referring to the subjects mentioned in those letters. The King's letters are always originals, with the autograph signature of the monarch himself, and sometimes still bearing his royal seal. At times two or three copies of the same letter, all signed by the King, may be found; they were sent in duplicate by different vessels in order to prevent their being lost on such a long and perilous voyage. The Viceroys' letters are always copies—first copies most likely—made from the original before it was sent to Portugal. A few of the Viceroys' letters are merely drafts. In this volume use has been made of letters belonging to seven different volumes; they will be found in *Appendix B*. As a general rule, only extracts referring to the subject of this history are reproduced.

C. From the Archives of the Society of Jesus

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Much use has been made of the Jesuit documents to illustrate the history of the Mughal Empire, specially during the reign of Akbar. But they have been studied very little by South Indian scholars. Mr. G. H. Nelson, in *The Madura Manual*, and Prof. R. Sathyanatha Aiyar in his *History of the Nayaks of Madura*, are the only authors who have used the Southern Jesuit's letters in their works. But unfortunately they knew these letters only through the work of Fr. Bertrand, *La Mission de Madure*, in which these documents appear in a French translation, which is far from accurate. Fortunately through the kindness both of Very Rev. Fr. J. Planchard, Superior of the Madura Mission, and of Fr. J. Castets, in charge of the Archives of the Mission, I was allowed to see and copy a number of photographs of Jesuit letters from Southern India, the originals of which are preserved in Europe. These documents are of three different kinds:—

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(a) *Litterae Annuae*. These are the official letters sent annually from every Province or Mission to the General of the Society of Jesus residing at Rome. While narrating the state of the Mission they occasionally give precious information about the civil conditions of the country. Sometimes also, specially in later years, a detailed account of the civil conditions of the country in which the missionaries are working is given at the beginning of the letter.

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(b) *Private Letters*. These are not official letters but are those addressed either by the Provincial or by the Missionary Fathers to the General of the Jesuits or to other Fathers in Europe. All these letters, both official and private, are originals. Of their historical value Mr. Vincent Smith, *Akbar*, p. 6-7, speaks very highly.

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(c) The only other document which has been made use of in the present volume is a protest sent to the King of Spain and Portugal against the Jesuits of the South, and specially against those working at Chandragiri. The document photographed is only a copy of the original memorial. It is published at the end of *Appendix C*.

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Space does not allow of a full description of all these Jesuit documents. As mentioned above, I have only worked upon their photographs, and no scale is given from which to deduce their real size.

D. From the Archives of the Diocese of Mylapore

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By the kindness of the Most Rev. Mgr. A. Teixeira, Administrator Apostolic of the Mylapore Diocese, and of his Secretary Very Rev. Fr. Carvalho, I was able to collect only a few documents from the Diocesan Archives. The oldest of them seem to have been destroyed during the depredations of Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan. The two documents published in *Appendix D* are not of great importance. Both are copies made in relatively modern times. Their size is 12 x 6 inches.

E. Other MSS

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(a) *Obras varias Manu-Scriptas : Que comprehende todas as que constao do Index desde (sic) Tomo 1°*. A Volume 12 x 9 inch. containing copies of documents connected with Portuguese history, most likely from the originals in the Torre do Tombo. Leaves are only numbered, not pages. The book belongs to the Satara Museum of the late Rao Bahadur D. B. Parasins, to whose memory I am highly indebted for his extreme kindness.

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(b) The Very Rev. Fr. A. M. Tabard, M. A., late President of the Mythic Society, Bangalore, put into my hands copies of some MSS. relating to the early history of Bangalore. These MSS. are preserved in the Royal Palace of Mysore. One of them has no heading at all. The other is entitled as follows :—

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*Memoir of Bangalore MS. written in 1728, collected at Bangalore in February 1807 and literally translated from the original Maratha by Soobbarao, Brahmin.*

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(c) Use has also been made of the poem *Sahityaratnakara* of the Maharaja Sarfoji's Saraswati Mahal Library, Tanjore, It bears the No. 10291.

2. Published Sources

A. Inscriptions

(a) Works

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Tamil and Sanskrit Inscriptions, with some notes on village antiquities collected chiefly in the South of the Madras Presidency. By Jas. Burgess, C. I. E., LL. D. with Translations by S. M. Natesa Sastri, Pandit. (4 vols.) Madras, 1886.

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A collection of the Inscriptions on copper-plates and stones in the Nellore District, made by Alan Butterworth, of the Indian Civil Service (Madras) and V. Venugopal Chetty, of the Indian Civil Service (Madras). (3 Vols.) Madras, 1905.

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Pali Sanskrit and old Canarese Inscriptions from the Bombay Presidency and parts of the Madras Presidency and Maisur. Arranged and explained by J. F. Fleet, M.R.A.S. Prepared under the direction of James Burgess, F.R.G.S., M.R.A.S. London, 1878.

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Copper-plate Inscriptions belonging to the Sri Sankaracharya of the Kama-Koti-Pitha. Edited by T. A. Gopinatha Rao, M.A., Superintendent of Archaeology, Travancore State. Madras, 1916.

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Archaeological Survey of India. New Imperial Series, Vol. XXIX. South Indian Inscriptions (4 Vols.), Edited and Translated by E. Hultzsch, PH. D., V. Venkayya, M.A. and H. Krishna Sastri, B.A. Madras, 1890-1924.

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Mysore Archaeological Series. Epigraphia Carnatica. Vol. II. Inscriptions at Sravana Belgola (Revised Edition), By Praktana vimarsa-vichak-thana, Rao Bahadur R. Narasimhachar, M.A., M.R.A.S. Bangalore, 1923.

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A Topographical list of the Inscriptions of the Madras Presidency (collected till 1915) with Notes and References. By V. Rangacharya, M.A., L.T. (3 Vols.) Madras, 1919.

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Monumental Remains of the Dutch East India Company in the Presidency of Madras. By Alexr. Rea. Madras, 1897.

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Mysore Archaeological Series. Epigraphia Carnatica, By B. Lewis Rice, C.I.E., M.R.A.S. (12 Vols.) Bangalore, 1898-1905.

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Lists of the Antiquarian Remains in the Presidency of Madras, compiled under the orders of Government by Robert Sewell. (2 Vols ) Madras, 1882-1884

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University of Mysore. Annual Report of the Mysore Archaeological Department for the years 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923 and 1924. Bangalore 1921.1925.

v1.c6.s1.t7.12

Madras Epigraphical Report (The inscriptions of the Report are usually mentioned as follows: 15 of 1905; 35 of 1898, etc.)

(b) Articles

v1.c6.s1.t8.1

Lionel D. Barnett, Two Grants of Venkatapati I: Saka 1503 and 1535. (*Ep. Ind.*, XIII, p. 225-237).

v1.c6.s1.t8.2

A. C. Burnell, The Villappakkam Copper-Plates. (*Ind. Ant.*, II, p. 371).

v1.c6.s1.t8.3

J. F. Fleet, Sanskrit and Old Canarese Inscriptions. (*Ind. Ant.*, IV-XX).

v1.c6.s1.t8.4

T. A Gopinatha Row, M.A., Soraikkavur Plates of Virupaksha; Saka-Samvat 1308. (*Ep. Ind.*, VII, p. 298-306). Dalavay-Agragharam Plates of Venkatapatidevamaharaya I, Saka-Samvat 1508. (*Ep. Ind.*, XII, p. 159-187). Srirangam Plates of Mummadi Nayaka: Saka-Samvat 1280. (*Ep. Ind.*, XIV, p. 83-96). Vellangudi Plates of Venkatapati-Deva-Maharaya I; Saka-Samvat 1520. (*Ep. Ind.*, XVI, p. 298-329).

v1.c6.s1.t8.5

Some Inscriptions of the later Pandyas or the Decline of the Pandya Power. (*Travancore Archaeological Series*, I, p. 41-152).

v1.c6.s1.t8.6

T. A. Gopinatha Row and Rao Sahib T. Raghaviah, Krishnapuram Plates of Sadasivaraya; Saka-Samvat 1489. (*Ep. Ind.*, IX, p. 328-341).

v1.c6.s1.t8.7

T. A. Gopinatha Rao and T. P Kuppuswami Sastri, The Arivilimangalam Plates of Srirangaraya II, Saka-Samvat 1499. (*Ep. Ind.*, XII, p. 340-358).

v1.c6.s1.t8.8

E. Hultzsch, Hampe Inscription of Krishnaraya. (*Ep. Ind.*, I, p. 361-371). Sholinghur Rock-Inscription of Parantaka. (*Ep. Ind.*, IV, p. 221-225). Vilapaka Grant of Venkata I. Saka-Samvat 1523. (*Ep. Ind.*, IV, p. 269-278). Inscriptions on the Three Jaina Colossi of Southern India. (*Ep. Ind.*, VIII, p. 108-115). Two Jaina Inscriptions at Irugappa. (*Ep. Ind.*, VII, p. 115-116).

v1.c6.s1.t8.9

A grant of Venkata II of 1636 A.D. (*Ind. Ant.*, XIII, 125-132).

v1.c6.s1.t8.10

A grant of Ranga II, dated in 1644-5 A.D. (*Ind. Ant.*, XIII, p. 153-160).

v1.c6.s1.t8.11

F. Kielhorn, Unamanjeri Plates of Achyutaraya; Saka-Samvat 1448. (*Ep. Ind.*, III, p. 147-158).

v1.c6.s1.t8.12

British Museum Plates of Sadasivaraya; Saka-Samvat 1478. (*Ep. Ind.*, IV, p. 1-22).

v1.c6.s1.t8.13

C. K. Krishnamacharlu, The Penuguluru Grant of Tirumala I; Saka 1493. (*Ep. Ind.*, XVI, p. 241-263).

v1.c6.s1.t8.14

H. Krishna Sastri, Kuniyur Plates of the Time of Venkata II; Saka-Samvat 1556. (*Ep. Ind.*, III, p. 235-258).

v1.c6.s1.t8.15

Karkala Inscription of Bhairava II; Saka-Samvat 1508. (*Ep. Ind.*, VIII, p. 122-138).

v1.c6.s1.t8.16

H. Luders, Sravana-Belgola Inscription at Irugapa. (*Ep. Ind.*, VIII, p. 15-24).

v1.c6.s1.t8.17

M. Narayanaswami Ayyar, Madras Museum Plates of Srigiribhupala; Saka-Samvat 1346. (*Ep. Ind.*, VIII, p. 306-317).

v1.c6.s1.t8.18

V. Natesa Aiyar, Maredapally Grant of Sir Rangaray II, Saka 1497. (*Ep. Ind.*, XI, p. 326-336).

v1.c6.s1.t8.19

Padmaneri Grant of Venkata I: Saka-Samvat 1205. (*Ep. Ind.*, XVI, p. 287-297).

v1.c6.s1.t8.20

E. C. Ravenshaw, Translation of various Inscriptions among the Ruins of Vijayanagar. (With Preliminary Observations, by H. H. Wilson Eng.) (*Asiatic Researches*, XX, p. 1-40).

v1.c6.s1.t8.21

G. Yazdani, Inscriptions in Golkonda Fort. (*Ep. Indo-Moslem.*, 1913-14, p. 47-59).

v1.c6.s1.t8.22

Inscriptions in the Golkonda Tombs. (*Ep. Indo-Moslem.*, 1915-16, p. 19-42).

v1.c6.s1.t8.23

S. V. Venkateswara and S. V. Viswanathan, Bevinahalli grant of Sadasiva-Raya: Saka 1473. (*Ep. Ind.*, XIV, p. 210-231).

v1.c6.s1.t8.24

Kadaladi Plates of Achyuta-Raya: Saka 1456. (*Ep. Ind.*, XIV, p. 310-323).

v1.c6.s1.t8.25

V. Venkayya, Alampundi Plate of Virupaksha; Saka-Samvat 1305. (*Ep. Ind.*, III, p. 224-230).

v1.c6.s1.t8.26

Triplicane Inscription of Dantivarman. (*Ep. Ind.*, VIII, p. 290-296).

v1.c6.s1.t8.27

S. V. Viswanatha, The Kamuma Grant of Sadasiva-Raya: Saka 1470. (*Ep. Ind.*, XIV, p. 341-353).

v1.c6.s1.t8.28

The Jambukesvaram Grant of Vijayaranga Chokkanatha Nayaka; *Saka* 1630. (*Ep. Ind.*, XVI, p. 88-96).

v1.c6.s1.t8.29

B. Coins
(a) Works

v1.c6.s1.t8.30

The Heritage of India series: The Coins of India. By C. J. Brown, M. A. With Twelve plates. O. U. P., 1922.

v1.c6.s1.t8.31

The International Numismata Orientalia. Coins of Southern India. By Sir Walter Elliot, K. C. S. I., LL. D. F. R. S. With Four Plates and Map. London, 1886.

v1.c6.s1.t8.32

The Dominions, Emblems and Coins of the South Indian Dynasties. By Major R. P. Jackson, I. A. (Rtd.) London.

v1.c6.s1.t8.33

(b) Articles

v1.c6.s1.t8.34

E. Hultzsch, The Coins of the Kings of Vijayanagara. (*Ind. Ant.*, XX, p. 301-309).

v1.c6.s1.t8.35

South Indian Copper Coins. (*Ind. Ant.*, XXI, p. 325).

v1.c6.s1.t8.36

T. M. Rangachari, B. A. and T. Desikachari, B.A. B.L., Some Inedited Coins of the Kings of Vijayanagara. (*Ind. Ant.*, XXIII, p, 24-26).

v1.c6.s1.t8.37

C. Letters

v1.c6.s1.t8.38

La Mission du Maduré d'apres des Documents inédits, par le P. J. Bertrand de la Compagnie de Jesus, Missionaire du Maduré. (4 vols.) Paris, 1847-1848. (This edition of Jesuit Missionaries' letters is not critical.)

v1.c6.s1.t8.39

Documentos Remettidos da India ou Livros das Monçoes publicados de Ordem da classe de Sciencias Moraes, Politicas e Bellas-Lettras da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa e sob a direcçao de Raymundo Antonio de Bulhao Pato, Socio da mesma academia. (4 vols.) Lisboa, 1880-1843.

v1.c6.s1.t8.40

The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier. By Henry James Coleridge of the Society of Jesus. (2 vols.) 1872.

v1.c6.s1.t8.41

Roport to The Secretary of State for India in Council on the Portuguese Records relating to the East Indies contained in the Archivo da Torre do Tombo, and the Public Libraries at Lisbon and Evora by F. C. Danvers, Registrar and Superientendent of Records, India Office. London 1892.

v1.c6.s1.t8.42

Letters Received by the East India Company from its servants in the East. Transcribed from the 'Original Correspondence' Series of the India Office Records. With an Introduction by Frederick Charles Danvers. (6 vols.) London. 1896-1902.

v1.c6.s1.t8.43

Historia y anal Relacion De las cosas que hicieron los Padres de la Compania de JESVS, Por las partes de Oriente y otras, en la propagacion del Santo Euangelio, Los anos passados de 607. y 608. Sacada, limada y compuesta de Portugues en Castellano por el Doctor Christoval Svarez De Figveroa. Madrid, 1614.

v1.c6.s1.t8.44

Relacion Anval de las Cosas qve han hecho los Padres de la Compania de Iesus en la India Oriental y Japon, en los anos de 600. y 601. y del progresso de la conuersion y Christandad de aquellas partes. Sacada de las cartas generales qve han venido de alla, por el Padre Fernan Guerrero de la Compania de IESVS, natural de Almodouar de Portugal. Traduzida de Portvgves en Castellano for el Padre Antonio Colaço. Valladolid, 1604.

v1.c6.s1.t8.45

Relaçam Annal das covsas que fezeram os Padras da Companhia de Jesvs nas partes da India Oriental, & em alguas outras da conquista deste reyno no anno de 606. & 607. & do processo da conversão, & Christandade daquellas partes. Tirada das cartas dos mesmos padres que de la vierão: Pelo padre Fernao Guerreiro da Companhia de IESV, natural de Almodouar de Portugal. Lisbon, 1609.

v1.c6.s1.t8.46

De Opkomst van het Nederlandsch Gezag in Oost-Indie Verzamelnig Van Onuitgegeven Stukken iut het Ond-Koloniaal Archief. Uitgegeven en Bewerkt door Jhr. Mr. J. K. J. de Jongue. (13 Volumes) s'Gravanhegue-Amsterdam, 1862-1888.

v1.c6.s1.t8.47

Subsidios para a Historia da India Portugueza Publicados de ordem da classe de Sciencias Moraes, Politicas e Bellas-Lettras da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa e sob a direcção de Rodrigo Jose de Lima Felner. Lisboa, 1868.

v1.c6.s1.t8.48

Archivo Portuguez Oriental. (4 Vols.) Nova Goa, 1860-1861.

v1.c6.s1.t8.49

Litterae Indiarum nunc primum editae. Florentiae, 1887.

v1.c6.s1.t8.50

Nuovi avisi dell' Indie di Portogallo Ricevuti delle Reverendi Padri della Compagnia di Giesu, tradotti della lingua spagnuola nell' Italiana. Terza parte. Col privilegio del Romano Pontefice et dell Illustrissimo Senato Veneto per anni XX. Venetia, 1562.

v1.c6.s1.t8.51

Monumenta Xaveriana Ex Autographis vel Ex Antiquioribus Exemplis Collecta. Tomus Primus. Sancti Francisci Xaverii Epistolas Aliague Scripta complectens quibus praemittitur ejus vita a P. Alexandro Valignano S. J. ex India Roman missa. Matriti, 1900.

D. Accounts of Travels

v1.c6.s1.t9.1

A Description of the Coasts of East Africa and Malabar in the beginning of the sixteenth century, by Duarte Barbosa, a Portugues. Translated from an early Spanish Manuscript in the Barcelona Library, with notes and a preface, by The Hon. Henry E. J. Stanley, London, 1866.

v1.c6.s1.t9.2

C. Defremery and Dr. B R. Sanguinetti. Voyages d' Ibn Batoutah. Texte Arabe, accompagné d'une Traduction. (5 Vols.) Paris 1893.

v1.c6.s1.t9.3

Early Travels in India. 1583—1619. Edited by William Foster, C.I.E. Oxford, 1921.

v1.c6.s1.t9.4

Jornada do Arcebispo de Goa Dom Frey Aleixo de Menezes Primaz da India Oriental, Religioso da Ordem de S. Agostinho. Quando foy as serras do Malauar, & lugares em que morão os antigos Christãos de S. Thome, & os tirou de muytos erros & heregias em que estauão, & reduzio à nossa sancta Fé Catholica, & obediencia da Sancta Igreja Romana, da qual passaua de mil annos que estauão apartados. Recopilada de diversos Tratados de pessoas de autoridade, que a tudo forão presentes. Por Frey Antonio de Gouuea Religioso da mesma Ordem de Santo Agostinho, lente de Theologia, et prior do Conuento de Goa. Coimbra, 1606.

v1.c6.s1.t9.5

Storia Dei Viaggiatori Italiani Nelle Indie Orientali compilata da Angelo de Gubernatis. Con Estratti d' Alcune Relazioni di Viaggio a Stampa e d' Alcuni Documenti Inediti. Publicata in occasione del Congresso Geografico di Parigi. Livorno, 1875.

v1.c6.s1.t9.6

The travels of Ibn Batuta; translated from the abridged Arabic Manuscript Copies, preserved in the Public Library of Cambridge, with notes, illustrative of the History, Geography, Botany, Antiquities, &c., occurring throughout the work. By the Rev. Samuel Lee, B. D. London, 1829.

v1.c6.s1.t9.7

Chronica dos Reis de Bisnaga. Manuscripto inedito do seculo XVI. ublicado for David Lopes Lisboa, 1897.

v1.c6.s1.t9.8

The Voyages and Travels of J. Albert de Mandelslo A Gentleman belonging to the Embassy, sent by the Duke of Holstein to the great Duke of Muscovy, and the king of Persia into the East-Indies. London, 1669.

v1.c6.s1.t9.9

Storia do Mogor or Moghul India 1653-1708. By Niccolao Manucci, Venetian. Translated with introduction and notes by William Irvine. (4 Vols.) London, 1907.

v1.c6.s1.t9.10

Voyages and travels into Brazil and the East Indies. By Mo John Neuhoff. (London, 1744 ?)

v1.c6.s1.t9.11

Viaggio alle Indie Orientali umiliato alla Santita di N. S. Papa Pio Sesto Pontefice Massimo da Fra Paolino da S. Bartolomeo, Carmelitano Scalzo. Roma 1796.

v1.c6.s1.t9.12

Des Recherches Historiques et Geographiques sur l' Inde and la description du Cours du Gange and du Gagra, avec une tres grande carte, par M. Anquetil du Perron. (Description Historique et Geographique de l' Inde, II, Berlin, 1786).

v1.c6.s1.t9.13

Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes Contayning a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells by Englishmen and others. By Samuel Purchas, B. D. (20 Vols.) Glasgow, 1905-1907.

v1.c6.s1.t9.14

The Travels of Monsieur de Thevenot into the Levant. In three parts. Newly done out of the French. London 1687.

v1.c6.s1.t9.15

Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien, vervattende Een Naankenridge en Uitvoerige Verhandelinge van Nederlands Mogentheyd In die Gewesten, Benevens Eene wydluftige Beschryvinge der Moluccos, Amboina, Banda, Timor, en Solor, Java, en alle de Eylanden onder dezelve Landbestieringen behoorende; het Nederlands Comptoir op Suratte, en de Levens der Groote Mogols; Als Ook Een Keurlyke Verhandeling van 't wezentlykste, dat men behoort te weten van Choromandel, Pegu, Arracan, Bengale, Mocha, Persien, Malacca, Sumatra, Ceylon, Malabar, Celebes of Macassar, China, Japan, Tayouan of Formosa. Tonkin, Cambodia, Siam, Borneo, Bali, Kaap der Goede Hoop en van Mauritius Door Francois Velentyn. (8 Vols.) Dordrecht Amsterdam, 1724.

v1.c6.s1.t9.16

The Travels of Pietro della Valle in India. From the old English Translation of 1664, by G. Havers. Edited, with a Life of the Author, an Introduction and Notes, by Edward Grey. London, 1892.

v1.c6.s1.t9.17

A Collection of Voyages undertaken by the Dutch East-India Company, for the improvement of Trade and Navigation containing an account of several attempts to find out the North-East passage and their discoveries in the East-Indies, and the South Seas. Together with an Historical Introduction giving an account of the Rise, Establishment and Progress of that great body. Translated into English and illustrated with several charts. London, 1703.

v1.c6.s1.t9.18

Notices of Madras and Cuddalore in the last century from the Journals of the Earlier Missionaries. London, 1858.

E. Chronicles and Histories

v1.c6.s1.t10.1

Da Asia de Joao de Barros. Dos feitos, que os Portuguezes fizeram no descubrimento, e conguista dos mares, e terras do Oriente. Lisboa, 1777.

v1.c6.s1.t10.2

Dell' Istoria della Compagnia di Gesu. L'Asia. Descritta dal P. Daniello Bartoli della medesima Compagnia. (8 Vols.) Piacenza, 1816-1821.

v1.c6.s1.t10.3

Annals of the Honorable East-India Company, from their Establishment by the charter of Queen Elizabeth, 1600, to the Union of the London and English East-India Companies, 1707-8. By John Bruce, Esq., M.P. and F.R.S. (3 Vols.) London, 1810.

v1.c6.s1.t10.4

Lendas da India for Gaspar Correa, publicadas de ordem da classe de Sciencias Moraes, Politicas e Bellas Letras da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa e sob a, direcção de Rodrigo Jose de Lima Felner. (4 Vols.) Lisboa, 1864.

v1.c6.s1.t10.5

Couto. (See Barros).

v1.c6.s1.t10.6

Commentarios do grande Afonso Dalboquerque Capitão Geral que foi das Indias Orientaes em tempo do muito poderoso Rey D. Manuel o Primeiro desde nome. (4 vols.) Lisboa, 1774.

v1.c6.s1.t10.7

The History of India as told by its own Historians. The Muhammadan Period. Edited from the posthumous papers of the late Sir H. M. Elliot, K.C.B., by Professor John Dowson, M.R.A S. (8 Vols.) London 1867-1877.

v1.c6.s1.t10.8

Asia Portuguesa de Manuel de Faria y Sousa, Cavallero de la orden de Chisto, y de la Casa Real. (3 Vols.) Lisboa, 1674-1675.

v1.c6.s1.t10.9

History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, till the year A.D. 1612. Translated from the Original Persian of Mohamed Kasim Ferishta, by John Briggs, M.R.A.S., Lieutenant Colonel in the Madras Army. To which is added an account of the Conquest, by the kings of Hyderabad, of those parts of the Madras Provinces denominated The Ceded Districts and Northern Circars. With copious notes. (4 Vols.) Calcutta 1908-1910.

v1.c6.s1.t10.10

The Life of Dom John de Castro, The Fourth Vice-Roy of India. Wherein are seen Portuguese's Voyages to the East Indies; Their Discoveries and Conquests there; The form of Government, Commerce, and Discipline of Warr in the East, and the Topography of all India and China. Containing also a particular relation of the most famous siege of Dio, With a Map to Illustrate it. By Jacinto Freire de Andrada, written in Portuguese, And By Sr. Peter Wyche Kt. Translated into English. London, 1664.

v1.c6.s1.t10.11

Historia de las Misiones de la Compania de Jesus en la India Oriental, en la China y Japon desde 1540 hasta 1600 por el P. Luis de Guzman de la misma Compania. Bilbao, 1891.

v1.c6.s1.t10.12

The Histoy of the Nizām Shāhi Kings of Ahmadnagar. Lt. Colonel T. W. Haig, C.S.I., C.M.G. (Burhan-i-Ma'asir by 'Ali ibn 'Aziz Allāh Tabatabai.) (Ind. Ant., Vols. XLIX—LII.)

v1.c6.s1.t10.13

De Rebus Iaponicis Indicis Peruvianis, Epistolae recentiores a Joanne Hayo, scoto, Societatis Jesu, in Librum unum coacervatae. Antverpiae, 1605.

v1.c6.s1.t10.14

Fr. P. du Jarric's Thesaurus Rerum Indicarum. (4 Vols.) Cologne, 1615.

v1.c6.s1.t10.15

Epitome Historiae Societatis Jesu, auctore Josepho Juvencio, ejusdem Societatis Sacerdote. (4 Vols.) Gandavi, 1853.

v1.c6.s1.t10.16

Histoire des Découvertes et Conquestes des Portugais dans le Nouveau Monde, avec des Figures en tailledouce, Par le R.P. Joseph Francois Lafitau, de la Compagnie de Jesus. (2 Vols.) Paris, 1733.

v1.c6.s1.t10.17

Padre Joam de Lucena. Historia da vida do Padre Francisco de Xavier, e do que fizerão na India os mais Religiosos da Companhia de Jesu. Lisboa, 1600.

v1.c6.s1.t10.18

Joan. Petri Maffeii, Bergomatis, e Societae Jesv, Historiarvm Indicarvm Libri XVI. Selectarvm, item, ex India Epistolarvm Lilri IV. Accessit Ignatii Loiolae vita. Coloniae Agripinae, 1590.

v1.c6.s1.t10.19

Delle Missioni de Padri della Compagnia de Giesv Nella Provincia del Giappone, e particolarmente quella di Tumkino. Libri cinque. del P. Gio: Filippo de Marini della medesima Compagnia. Alla Santita di N. S. Alessandro PP. Settimo. Roma, 1663.

v1.c6.s1.t10.20

Mirza Ibrahim Zabiri Tarikhi Bijapur Mussammi beh Basatin-us-Salatin [In Persian]. Hyderabad, 1st edition (Lithographed).

v1.c6.s1.t10.21

The Anguttara-Nikaya. Edited by the Rev. Richard Morris, M.A., LL.D. (5 Vols.) London, 1885-1900.

v1.c6.s1.t10.22

Tractados Delas Drogas, y Medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus Plantas debuxadas al biuo for Christoual Acosta medico y cirujano que las vio ocularmente. En el qual se verifica mucho de lo que escreuio el Doctor Garcia de Orta...Burgos, 1578.

v1.c6.s1.t10.23

Scenes and characters from Indian History. As described in the works of some old masters. Compiled and edited with historical and explanatory notes by C. H. Payne. Oxford 1925.

v1.c6.s1.t10.24

Vita Ignatii Loiolae et Rerum Societatis Jesu Historia auctore Joanne Alphonso de Polanco ejusdem Societatis sacerdote. (6 vols.) Matriti, 1894-8. [Chronicon, s. J.]

v1.c6.s1.t10.25

Ethiopia Oriental por Fr. Joao dos Santos. (2 Vols. Lisboa, 1891.

v1.c6.s1.t10.26

Oriente Conquistado a Jesus Christo pelos Padres da Companhia de Jesus da Provincia de Goa...Ordenada pelo P. Francisco de Souza Religioso da mesma Companhia segunda Edição por un Presbytero da Companhia de Jesus. (2 Vols.) Bombaim, 1881.

v1.c6.s1.t10.27

Societas Jesu usque ad Sanguinis et Vitae profusionem Militans in Europa, Africa, Asia et America contra Gentiles ...pro Deo, Fide, Ecclesia, Pietate. Sive Vita et Mors eorum qui ex Societate Jesu in causa fidei, virtutis propugnatae violenta morte toto orbe sublati sunt. Auctore R. Patre Mathia Tanner e Societate Jesu. Pragae, 1675.

v1.c6.s1.t10.28

Oriental Historical Manuscripts in the Tamil Language: Translated; With annotations. By William Taylor, Missionary. In two volumes. Madras, 1835.

v1.c6.s1.t10.29

Horatii Tursellini e Societate Jesu De Vita S. Francisci Xaverii, qui primus e Societate Jesu in Indiam et Japoniam Evangelium invexit, Libri Sex, ab Auctore aucti & recogniti. Juxta Editionem Antverpiensem anni MDCXCVI quam emendatissime editi. Augustae Vindelicorum, 1797.

v1.c6.s1.t10.30

Conquista Temporal e Espiritual de Ceylão ordenada pelo Padre Fernao de Queyroz, da Companhia de Jesus, da Provincia de Goa. Com muytas outras proueytozas noticias pertencentes A Disposição, e Gouerno do Estado de India. Em Lisboa no ano...Colombo, 1916.

v1.c6.s1.t10.31

Ragvagli d' Alcvne Missioni Fatte Dalli Padri della Compagnia di Giesvu nell' Indie Orientali, cioe nelle Provincie di Goa, e Coccino, e nell' Africa in capo verde. Roma, 1615.

F. Tradition

v1.c6.s1.t11.1

The Wars of the Rajas, being the History of Anantapuram. Written in Telugu, in or about the years 1750-1810. Translated into English, by Charles Philip Brown. Madras, 1853.

v1.c6.s1.t11.2

Reports on Sanskrit manuscripts in Southern India. By E. Hultzchs, PH. D. (3 vols.) Madras, 1895-1896.

v1.c6.s1.t11.3

Sources of Vijayanagar History, Selected and Edited for the University, by S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar, M. A. Madras, 1919.

v1.c6.s1.t11.4

The Mackenzie Collection. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Oriental Manuscripts, and other articles illustratives of the Literature, History, Statistics and Antiquities of the South of India, collected by the late H. H. Wilson, Esq. (2nd Edition). Calcutta, 1828-Madras, 1882.

v1.c6.s1.t11.5

A catalogue Raisonnee of Oriental Manuscripts in the Library of the (Late) College, Fort Saint George, now in charge of the board of Examiners. By the Rev. William Taylor. (2 vols.) Madras, 1857-1860.

v1.c6.s1.t11.6

A Catalogue Raisonnee of Oriental Manuscripts in the Government Library. By the Rev. Willam Taylor. Vol. III. Madras, 1862.

v1.c6.s1.t11.7

The Mahāvansa, Part II, Containing Chapters XXXIX to C. Translated from the original Pali into English, for the Government of Ceylon, by L. C. Wijesinha Mudaliyar. To which is prefixed the Translation of the First Part (published in 1837). By George Turnour, c. c. s. Colombo 1909.

(b) Articles

v1.c6.s1.t12.1

K. Chandorkar, The Destruction of Vijayanagar [In Marathi] (Account of the Second Conference of the Bharata Itihasa Sanshodhaka Mandala, Poona, 1914).

v1.c6.s1.t12.2

Dr. S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar, M. A., PH. D., The Bakhair of Rama Raja (Indian Historical Records Commission, Proceedings of meetings, Vol. VII. Seventh Meeting held at Poona, January 1925, p. 54-63).

II Literature

v1.c6.s2.1

India Ancient and Modern Geographical, Historical and Political, Social and Religious; with a particular account of the State and Prospects of Christianity, by David O. Allen, D.D. Boston, 1856.

v1.c6.s2.2

Historia de la Compania de Jesus en la Asistencia de Espana por el P. Antonio Astrain, de la misma Compania. (7 Vols.) Madrid, 1903-1925.

v1.c6.s2.3

Vaishnavism, Saivism and Minor Religious Systems. By Sir R. G. Bhandarkar. Strassburg, 1913.

v1.c6.s2.4

Rise of the Christian Power in India. By Major B. D. Basu, I. M. S. (5 Vols.) Calcutta, 1923.

v1.c6.s2.5

Leon Besse, S. J. La Mission du Maduré Historique de ses Pangous. Trichinopoly, 1914. (This work contains many extracts from the letters of the old Jesuit Missionaries).

v1.c6.s2.6

The Life of St. Francis Xavier, of the Society of Jesus, Apostle of the Indies, and of Japan. Written in French, by Father Dominick Bohours, of the same Society. Translated into English by Mr. Dryden. London, 1688.

v1.c6.s2.7

Madras District Gazetteers. Cuddapah. By C. F. Brackenbury, I. C. S. Madras, 1915.

v1.c6.s2.8

A. Brou. Saint Francois Xavier. Deuxième Edition. (2 Vols.) Paris, 1912.

v1.c6.s2.9

A Journey from Madras through the countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar, performed under the order of The Most Noble The Marquis of Wellesley, Governor General of India, for the express purpose of investigating the state of Agriculture, Arts, and Commerce; the Religion, Manners and Customs; the History Natural and Civil, and Antiquities, in the Dominions of the Rajah of Mysore and the countries acquired by the Honourable East India Company, in the late and former wars, from Tippoo Sultaun By Francis Buchanan, M. D. (3 Vols.) London, 1807.

v1.c6.s2.10

The Chronology of Modern India. For four hundred years from the close of the fifteenth century A. D. 1499-1894. By James Burgess, C.I.E., LL.D., Edinburgh, 1913.

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