一切經音義 16
English (machine translation) 16
- Language
- English
16.1
Compiled by Huilin, translation monk of the Great Tang
16.2
Sounds and meanings of:
Mahāvaipulya-trisaṃvara-sūtra, three fascicles, Huilin
Anantamukha-viśodhana-samādhi-sūtra (Equally Enlightened, Boundless Purity), two fascicles, Xuanying
Sukhāvatīvyūha-sūtra (Amitābha-sūtra), two fascicles, Xuanying
Sukhāvatīvyūha-sūtra (Aparimitāyur-sūtra), two fascicles, Xuanying (the above constitute one case)
Akṣobhyatathāgatasyavyūha-sūtra, two fascicles, Xuanying
Mahāyānadaśadharmaka-sūtra, one fascicle, Huilin
Samantamukha-parivarta-sūtra, one fascicle, Xuanying
Fo shuo baotai jing (Garbhāvākkrānti-sūtra), one fascicle, Huilin
Mañjuśrī-buddhakṣetra-guṇavyūha-sūtra, two fascicles, Xuanying
Great Holy Mañjuśrī's Buddhafield Merits Sūtra, three fascicles, Huilin (the above constitute one case)
Fajing jing (Dharmamīmāṃsā / Ugraparipṛcchā), two fascicles, Xuanying
Ugraparipṛcchā-sūtra (Inquiry of the Householder Ugra), one fascicle
Bhadramāyākāra-paripṛcchā-sūtra, one fascicle, Xuanying
Vinayaviniścaya-sūtra, one fascicle, Huilin
Later Translation of Confession to the Names of the Thirty-Five Buddhas, one fascicle, Huilin
Adhyāśayasaṃcodana-sūtra, two fascicles, Huilin
Sumatidārikā-paripṛcchā-sūtra, one fascicle, Huilin
Sumatibodhisattva-sūtra, one fascicle
Ajātaśatru-kanyā-aśokadattā-vyākaraṇa-sūtra, one fascicle, Huilin
Vimaladattā-paripṛcchā-sūtra, one fascicle, Xuanying
Attaining the Impeccable Maiden Sūtra, one fascicle, Xuanying
Udayana-rāja-paripṛcchā-sūtra, one fascicle, Xuanying
Sūtra of the Buddha's Realm Spoken by Mañjuśrī, one fascicle, Huilin
16.3
The sounds and meanings of the above twenty-three sūtras in thirty-four fascicles are included in this fascicle.
16.4
Mahāvaipulya-trisaṃvara-sūtra
16.5
Upper Fascicle
16.6
Compiled by Huilin
16.7
雜穀 (Zágǔ, assorted grains: the upper character has the fanqie Cai-he [zá], and was already fully explained in the eighth fascicle of the previous Sounds and Meanings. The lower character has the fanqie Gong-wu [gǔ]. The Zitong says: 'Gǔ means continuation. Names of grains number in the hundreds, but all return to five: namely broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, beans, wheat, and hemp. The broomcorn millet class is called ear grain; the foxtail millet class is called loose grain; the bean class is called pod grain; the wheat class is called awned grain; the hemp class is called stalk grain. Thus they are called the five grains.' The Shuowen says: 'Gǔ is the collective name for the hundred grains. It takes its classifier from 禾 and is phonetic in 殼 [qiào]').
16.8
貘豹 (Mòbào, tapirs and leopards: the upper character has the sound mò. The Shanhai jing says: 'The Southern Mountains have many tapirs and leopards.' Guo Pu says: 'The tapir resembles a brown bear but is smaller, yellow-black in colour, with lustrous hair; it can eat copper and iron, and comes from Shu.' The Erya says: 'The mò is a white leopard.' The Shuowen says: 'It takes its classifier from 豸.' Sūtra texts often omit this character mò; having now checked the Sanskrit text and found it present, it has been added, as in accordance with the textual phrasing it ought to be there. The lower character has the fanqie Bao-mao [bào]. The Shuowen says: 'A beast that resembles a tiger, with round patterns of black rosettes, but smaller than a tiger. It also takes its classifier from 豸.' The pronunciation of 豸 is zhì. Leopard is a phono-semantic character).
16.9
𤉢馬 (Xiàngmǎ, elephants and horses: the upper character has the fanqie Xiang-yang [xiàng]. The Shanhai jing says: 'The Daoguo Mountains have many rhinoceroses and elephants.' Guo Pu says: 'The largest of beasts; its colour is sometimes bluish or white; it has a long snout resembling a pig; the large ones have tusks one zhang long, while the small ones are still five chi long. This beast is jealous by nature.' The Shuowen says: 'It gives birth once every three years. It is a pictographic character').
16.10
羱𦍞 (Yuándī, wild mountain sheep and rams: the upper character has both the fanqie Yu-yuan [yuán] and Wu-guan [wān], both being acceptable. The Erya says: 'The yuán sheep is like the Wu sheep.' Guo Pu says: 'It resembles the Wu sheep but has large horns; it is a mountain sheep.' The sūtra text writes 𦍘, which is incorrect. The lower character has the fanqie Ding-xi [dī]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: 'A dī sheep is a male sheep.' The Guangya says: 'Male.' A male of the Wu sheep at three years of age is called a dī. Both are phono-semantic characters).
16.11
鸜鵒 (Qúyù, crested mynah: the upper character has the fanqie Ju-yu [qú]; it is also written as 鴝. The lower character has the sound yù. Examining the crested mynah: it resembles the Chinese blackbird, but on its bill and before its eyes it has tufts of feathers like horns, and its two wings are variegated with white, which makes it distinct. Another name is the hangao ['cold water-marsh bird']).
16.12
鴝𩿦羅 (Kokila: the upper character has the sound jū; the lower character has the fanqie Jing-yi [jī]. A kokila is the Sanskrit name for a Western bird. This bird can produce beautiful sounds that make people delighted to hear them; it is colloquially called the sweet-voiced bird).
16.13
鶡鷄 (Héjī, eared pheasant: the upper character has the sound hé. The Shanhai jing says: 'The Huizhu Mountains have many eared pheasants.' Guo Pu says: 'It resembles a pheasant but is larger and greenish-blue in colour, with tufts of feathers like horns on its head; if they fight, they do not stop until one is dead. It is a wild pheasant.' It is a phono-semantic character).
16.14
鵰鷲 (Diāojiù, eagles and vultures: the upper character has the sound diāo; the lower character has the sound jiù. They were already fully explained in the second fascicle of the previous Sounds and Meanings under the Great Prajñā).
16.15
遮沙 (Cāṣa: Sanskrit language; the name of a Western bird. This country does not have this bird).
16.16
茹食 (Rúshí, to eat / devour: [the first character has the] fanqie Ru-zhu [rú]. The Liji says: 'Eating the flesh of birds and beasts is called rú.' Drinking their blood and consuming their hair and flesh).
16.17
緊祝迦 (Kiṃśuka: Sanskrit language; the name of a precious gem. The upper character has the fanqie Jing-yin [jǐn]; the lower character has the fanqie Zhong-rou [zhù]. Old translations sometimes write jianshujia).
16.18
毘醯勒 (Vibhītaka: [the middle character has the] fanqie Xing-xi [xī]. The name of a Western fruit tree; it is what is now called bili-le).
16.19
豫樟 (Yùzhāng, camphor / camphor-laurel tree: the lower character has the sound zhāng. The yùzhāng is a large tree. The Nanzhong yiwu zhi says: 'Only after growing for seven years is it recognizable; if it is made into a boat, it will surely fight with dragons').
16.20
牛棘 (Niújì, cow-thorn [gokṣura]: [the second character has the] fanqie Jin-li [jí]. The name of a Western flower or pavilion. The Shuowen says: 'It takes its classifier from two 朿.' The sūtra takes its classifier from two 來, which is incorrect).
16.21
搆牛 (Gòuniú, to milk a cow: [the first character has the] fanqie Gu-hou [gòu]. Milking a cow's udder by hand. The character 𪭺 has the fanqie Luan-kuo [luǎn]. The Shijing says: 'Thinly we milk.' The two characters 搆 and 𪭺 both take their classifier from 手).
16.22
花鬘 (Huāmán, flower garland: [the second character has the] fanqie Ma-ban [mán]. It is a phonetic loan character; its original sound was the fanqie Mi-ran [mián], but it is now borrowed for mán. A flower garland is an ornament for adornment of the body in the Western regions: seasonal flowers of herbs and trees are strung together with thread into five-coloured bands; regardless of whether male or female, they are placed upon the body and head as adornments, just like ribbon-sashes).
16.23
柔䎡 (Róuruǎn, soft and pliable: [the second character has the] fanqie Er-yan [ruǎn]. The sūtra writes 𣽈, which is incorrect. The text below conforms to this throughout).
16.24
清泠 (Qīnglíng, cool and clear: the lower character has the fanqie Li-ding [líng]. Qīnglíng is the appearance of limpid, clear water. The Shuowen says: 'It takes its classifier from 水 and is phonetic in 令 [lìng].' The sūtra takes its classifier from 氷, which is incorrect. If it is read with the fanqie Le-da [lè], that is not the intention of the sūtra).
16.25
其鬚 (Qíxū, its stamens: [the second character has the] fanqie Xiang-yu [xū]. The stamens of a lotus flower. The standard form takes its classifier from 彡, written as 須).
16.26
Nests and dens (巢窟: the first character has the fanqie ch- + [y]ou [=cháo]; the Shuowen says: 'A bird upon a tree'; it is a pictographic character; in the sūtra it is written with 'fruit' [果], which is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie k- + [g]u [=kū]; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: 'A den (窟) is an earthen chamber'; the Shuowen says it is formed with 'cave' [穴] and qu [屈] as phonetic; versions with 'roof' [宀] are incorrect).
16.27
Family quiet (家靜: the first character [家] is read here with the fanqie q- + [y]i [=qíng; i.e. 寂]; it is an ancient character; the Shuowen writes it as 𡧯).
16.28
Galloping and racing (馳騁: the second character has the fanqie ch- + [y]ing [=chěng]; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: 'Chěng (騁) means to gallop (奔)'; the Shuowen says: 'To drive straight ahead'; it is formed with 'horse' [馬] and pin [𦥤] as phonetic; pin [𦥤] is pronounced with the fanqie p- + [j]i [=pǐ]).
16.29
Sport and play (戲弄: the first character has the fanqie x- + [j]i [=xì]; the Shuowen says it is formed with 'halberd' [戈] and xi [䖒] as phonetic; xi [䖒] has the fanqie x- + [y]i [=xī]; in the sūtra it is written with 'empty' [虛], which is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie l- + [d]ong [=nòng]; the Shuowen says: 'To play with; to sport'; it is formed with 'two hands' [廾] and 'jade' [玉]; gong [廾] has the fanqie g- + [y]ong [=gǒng]).
16.30
Great Vaipulya Three Śīla Sūtra, Middle Fascicle
16.31
Beating and striking (撾打: the first character has the fanqie zh- + gua [=zhuā]; the Shuowen says: 'Zhuā (撾) means to cane or to strike'; it is formed with 'wood' [木] and guo [過] [as phonetic]. The second character has the fanqie d- + [l]eng [=dǎ]; the Shuowen says: 'To hit; to strike'; it is formed with 'hand' [手] and ding [丁] as phonetic).
16.32
Cangue and chains (枷鎖: the first character is pronounced jiā. The second character has the fanqie s- + [g]uo [=suǒ]; the Yupian says: 'Linked rings'; the Shuowen says: 'Suǒ (鎖) means to secure with a lock'; it is formed with 'metal' [金] and suo [𧴪] as phonetic; suo [𧴪] has the same sound as above; the sūtra text writes the two characters as 加 and 璅, both of which are scribal errors).
16.33
Hell of Live Thorns (生莿地獄: [the second character] has the fanqie c- + [z]i [=cì]; the Yunying says: 'A woody awn or spine'; it is a vulgar character; the standard form is shu [束]; the Guangya says: 'Cì (刺) means a needle'; it is also written 刺, both being standard; some write it 茦, and others write it 𮏯, neither of which is the standard form; it is formed with 'knife' [刀] and ce [茦] as phonetic).
16.34
Old and senile (老耄: [the second character] has the fanqie m- + [b]ao [=mào]; the Yunying says: 'Mào (耄) means old'; the Book of Rites says: 'Eighty and ninety are called mào (旄)'; the sound is the same as above; Zheng's commentary says: 'Mào (耄) means confused and forgetful'; the Shuowen says it is formed with 'old' [老] and mao [毛] as phonetic).
16.35
Borrowing wealth (貣財: the first character has the fanqie t- + [l]e [=tè]; the Jixun says: 'To borrow from others is called tè (貣)'; the Shuowen says: 'To seek goods from another person'; it is formed with 'cowrie' [貝] and yi [弋] as phonetic; yi [弋] is pronounced like yì [翼]).
16.36
Frowning and grimacing (嚬蹙: the first character has the fanqie b- + [y]in [=pín]. The second character has the fanqie j- + [y]u [=cù]; the Jixun says: 'Knit the brows and furrow the bridge of the nose, a look of indignation and rage'; the Kaosheng says: 'To knit the brows, scrunch the nose, and glare in rage'; the Shuowen says that the character cù (蹙) is formed with qi [戚] (pronounced with the fanqie q- + [y]i [=qī]) and has zu [足] as phonetic. Zhòu (皺) has the fanqie z- + [j]iu [=zhòu]; è (頞) has the fanqie a- + [g]e [=è]).
16.37
Selling and merchandising (販𧷓: the first character has the fanqie f- + [w]an [=fàn]; the Zitong says: 'Buying cheaply and selling dearly; buying in the morning and merchandising (𧷓) in the evening').
16.38
Jealousy and envy (嫉妒: the first character is pronounced jí. The second character has the fanqie d- + gu [=dù]; Wang Yi's commentary to the Chuci says: 'Harming the worthy is called jí (嫉); being envious of beauty is called dù (妒)'; the Shuowen says: 'A wife being jealous of her husband'; both are formed with 'woman' [女] and jí [疾] and hu [戶] as phonetic respectively; in the sūtra it is written with 'empress' [后] as gòu [姤], which is incorrect).
16.39
Hoarding and gathering (貯聚: [the first character] has the fanqie zh- + [l]ü [=zhù]; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: 'Zhù (貯) means old [stores]; to store and hoard them'; the Shuowen says: 'To lay up'; it is formed with 'cowrie' [貝] and ning [宁] as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie c- + [y]u [=jù]; He's commentary to the Gongyang zhuan says: 'Jù (聚) means to amass'; Jia's commentary to the Guoyu says: 'To gather'; the Shuowen says: 'To assemble'; it is formed with yín [乑] and qǔ [取] as phonetic; yín [乑] is pronounced yín [吟] and is formed of three people).
16.40
Chests and coffers (箱篋: the second character has the fanqie q- + [y]e [=qiè]; Zheng's commentary to the Book of Rites says: 'A qiè (篋) is a box (㨔)'; xiān (㨔) is pronounced xián [咸]; the Shuowen says: 'A kind of chest; a qiè is also a basket (笥)'; in ancient script it was written 匧, formed with 'box' [匚] (pronounced fāng) and jiā [夾] as phonetic).
16.41
Pike and stab (矛刺: the first character has the fanqie m- + [h]ou [=máo]; the Shuowen says: 'A long pike (酋矛), two zhang long'; according to this explanation, it uses the ancient foot measure, which is one zhang six feet in current measure; the character máo (矛) is pictographic, belonging to the category of modern spears and lances; it is also named 𥎞. The second character has the fanqie c- + [z]i [=cì], which has already been explained above).
16.42
Aranya (阿練兒: Sanskrit; an ancient translation that is crude and unrefined; it is also called āranya (阿蘭若); in the Tang language it is 'a quiet and secluded place').
16.43
Dregs and filth (滓穢: the first character has the fanqie z- + [sh]i [=zǐ]; the Picang writes it as 䔂; the Shuowen says: 'Sediment or dregs'. The second character has the fanqie y- + [w]ei [=huì]; the Boya says: 'Overgrown and wild'; it is formed with 'grain' [禾]; the Shuowen has it under 'grass' [艸]).
16.44
Wealth and commodities (財賄: the second character has the fanqie h- + [w]ei [=huì]; the Erya says: 'Huì (賄) means wealth').
16.45
Abuse and revile (罵詈: the first character has the fanqie m- + [j]ia [=mà]. The second character has the fanqie l- + [zh]i [=lì]; the Shuowen glosses these two characters mutually; both are formed with wang [𠕀]; 𠕀 is like 'crime' or 'guilt').
16.46
Striking the bell (椎鍾: [the first character] has the fanqie zh- + [zh]ui [=chuí]; the Shuowen says: 'To strike'; it is formed with 'wood' [木] and zhuī [隹] as phonetic).
16.47
Saliva and spittle (唌唾: the first character has the fanqie x- + [y]an [=xián]; it is a vulgar character commonly used; the standard form is composed of 'water' [水] and 'yawn' [欠] as 㳄; the Shuowen says: 'Mouth fluid'; or written with 'water' as 涎, which is also a vulgar character. The second character has the fanqie t- + [w]o [=tuò]; explained by analogy with the above, it is formed with 'water' and chuí [垂] as phonetic).
16.48
Looking and gazing (視睞: the second character has the fanqie l- + [d]ai [=lài]; it is suspected that this character was copied incorrectly; in accordance with the meaning of the sūtra, it ought to be shùn [瞬], with the fanqie sh- + [r]un [=shùn]).
16.49
Thick and dense (濃厚: [the first character] has the fanqie n- + [l]ong [=nóng]; the Shuowen says: 'Abundant dew'; it is also written with 'wine' [酉] as 醲; the Shuowen says: 'Strong wine'; it is a phono-semantic character).
16.50
Reprimand and punish (謫罰: the first character has the fanqie zh- + [g]e [=zhé]; the Mao Commentary to the Odes says: 'To reprimand one another'; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: 'Zhé (謫) means to blame'; the Fangyan says: 'Wrath'; the Shuowen says: 'To punish'; it is formed with 'speech' [言] and an abbreviated shāng [商] as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie f- + [w]a [=fá]; the Shuowen says: 'Guilt and punishment; a minor crime where one does not kill with a blade, but merely holding a knife and reviling merits punishment'; it is formed with 'knife' [刀] and 'revile' [詈], being a compound ideograph).
16.51
Passes and patrols (關邏: the first character has the fanqie g- + [w]an [=guān]; Zheng's commentary to the Rites of Zhou says: 'A guān (關) is a gateway on a border'; the Shuowen says: 'Using wood horizontally to bar a door'; the Guangya says: 'A guān is a pass or barrier'; it is formed with 'door' [門] and wān [𢇇] as phonetic; wān [𢇇] has the same pronunciation as above; the sūtra writes it with biàn [弁] as 閞, which is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie l- + [t]uo [=luó]; character books say: 'Luó (邏) means to intercept'; the Yunlüe says: 'Roving soldiers patrolling against bandits in strategic defiles and garrison posts').
16.52
Great Vaipulya Three Śīla Sūtra, Lower Fascicle
16.53
Ācārya (阿耆利: the character qí (耆) is pronounced qí [祇]; Sanskrit; crude and unrefined; also rendered ācārya (阿闍梨); in the Tang language it is called 'instructing master' (教授師)).
16.54
Conception of fragility (胞想: [the first character, reading 脃/脆] has the fanqie q- + [s]ui [=cuì]; the Guangya says: 'Fragile and weak'; the Shuowen says: 'Meat that is soft and easily severed'; it is formed with 'flesh' [肉] and an abbreviated jué [絕]; in the sūtra it is written with 'danger' [危] as 脆, which is incorrect).
16.55
Feeling and stroking (捫摸: the first character is pronounced mén; the second character is pronounced mò; the Mao Commentary to the Odes says: 'Ménmō (捫摸) is like caressing and holding with the hand'; both are phono-semantic characters formed with 'hand' [手]).
16.56
My play (我弄: the first character, wǒ (我), is a compound ideograph formed with 'hand' [手] and 'halberd' [戈]; those written with 'grain' [禾] are incorrect. The second character has the fanqie l- + [d]ong [=nòng], which was already fully explained in the upper fascicle; in the sūtra it is written with 'hand' as 挊, which is incorrect).
16.57
Locusts and insects (蝗蟲: the first character has the fanqie h- + [g]uang [=huáng]; the Erya says: 'Those that eat the heart of seedlings are called míng (螟); those that eat the leaves are called téng (螣); those that eat the roots are called máo (蟊); those that eat the joints are called zéi (蠈)'; the Shuowen says: 'Although the four kinds have different names, they are all locusts'; the Guangya says: 'The zhōng (螽) is a locust; its shape is like the fùzhōng (負螽), but they are actually distinct, with colors and sizes that do not resemble each other; hence they have different names such as huáng, míng, máo, and é (moth)'. Yǎn has the fanqie y- + [t]ian [=yǎn], also pronounced yǎn, meaning chǐ [恃]; máo (蟊) has the fanqie m- + [h]ou [=máo]; zhōng (螽) is pronounced zhōng; míng (螟) is pronounced míng; zéi (蠈) is pronounced zéi; yù (蜮) is pronounced guó, which is the mole cricket [螻蟈]).
16.58
Not remiss (不懈: [懈] is pronounced jiè; no character books have the reading jià).
16.59
Deaf and mute (聾瘂: the first character has the fanqie l- + [d]ong [=lóng]. The second character has the fanqie w- + [g]u [=yǎ]; this was already fully explained earlier in the Sounds and Meanings of the Prajñā[pāramitā-sūtra] and cannot be repeated here; in the sūtra it is written with 'mouth' as 啞, which is incorrect).
16.60
Ought to carry (應擔: [the second character] has the fanqie d- + [g]an [=dān]; the Guangya says: 'Dān (擔) means to lift'; character books say: 'Dān means to shoulder a burden'; it is also written 擔 with 'person' [亻], both being acceptable; it is formed with 'hand' [手] and zhān [詹] as phonetic; zhān [詹] is pronounced zhān; forms written with 'wood' [木] are incorrect).
16.61
Beating apart (離搏: [the second character] has the fanqie b- + [g]e [=bó]; the Boya says: 'Bó (搏) means to bind'; Zheng's commentary to the Kaogongji says: 'Bó means to slap'; the Yupian says: 'To pat'; the Shuowen says: 'To seize and hold'; it is formed with 'hand' [手] and an abbreviated zhuān [專] as phonetic; the character zhuān is formed with fǔ [甫] and cùn [寸]; writing it from 專 [unabbreviated] is incorrect).
16.62
Malignant ulcers (疽惡: [the first character] has the fanqie q- + [y]u [=jū]; Sima Biao's commentary to the Zhuangzi says: 'Superficial heat causes ulcers (疽); obstructed circulation causes swellings (癰)'; the Shuowen says it is formed with 'illness' [疒] and qiě [且] as phonetic; qiě [且] has the fanqie z- + [y]u [=jǔ], written with 'sun' [日] over 'one' [一]).
16.63
Twisted and crooked (繚綟: the first character has the fanqie l- + [w]u [=liáo]. The second character has the fanqie l- + [j]ie [=liè]; in the sūtra text, 'legs twisted and crooked' means the legs are bent and not straight, also meaning deformed; both are phono-semantic characters formed with 'silk' [糸]; mì [糸] is pronounced mì).
16.64
Deaf and foolish (聾騃: [the second character] has the fanqie y- + [j]ie [=ái]; the Cangjie pian says: 'Ái (騃) means foolish'; the Jixun says: 'Stupid'; the Shuowen says it is formed with 'horse' [馬] and an abbreviated yǐ [矣] as phonetic).
16.65
Do not touch (勿觸: [the second character] has the fanqie ch- + [zh]u [=chù]; the Guangya says: 'To gore or butt'; in the sūtra it is written with 'ox' as 𧢻, which is a vulgar character).
16.66
Flippant and hasty (輕躁: the second character has the fanqie z- + [l]ao [=zào]; the Kaosheng says: 'An impatient nature; stirring, agitated, running swiftly'; it is also written 趮; both are formed with 'foot' [足] and sào [喿] as phonetic).
16.67
Foam blended (沫拌: the first character has the fanqie m- + [b]o [=mò]. The second character has the fanqie p- + [m]an [=bàn]; the Kaosheng says: 'To arrest or stay; mixing and stirring this with that is called bàn (拌)'; it is formed with 'hand' [手] and bàn [半] as phonetic).
16.68
Bellows (㰆囊: the first character is pronounced bài; the second character has the fanqie n- + [l]ang [=náng]; the Cangjie and Yupian say: 'A bellows bag (𩍁囊) is an implement for blowing on a fire'; it may also be written with 'leather' [革] as 𩍁 or with 'tanned leather' [韋] as 𩏕, both being acceptable; the sūtra writes 排, which is incorrect).
16.69
By forging (以鍜: [the second character] has the fanqie d- + [l]uan [=duàn]; Zheng's commentary to the Book of Rites says: 'Duàn (鍜) means to pound'; the Cangjie pian says: 'To hammer'; the Shuowen says: 'Small-scale smelting; hammering and forging'; it is formed with 'metal' [金] and jiǎ [叚] as phonetic; the character jiǎ is formed with shū [殳] and an abbreviated lì [鴗] as phonetic; chóu [掫] has the fanqie d- + [y]e [=dié]).
16.70
Hammers and anvils (鎚鉆: the first character has the fanqie zh- + [zh]ui [=chuí]; the Kaosheng says: 'An iron-forging hammer'; it is also written 槌 or 椎, all being acceptable. The second character has the fanqie j- + [y]an [=zhān]; the Shuowen says: 'A zhān is an iron clamp or tongs used to hold objects'; it is formed with 'metal' [金] and an abbreviated zhān [占] as phonetic; the sūtra text writes qián [鉗] with gān [甘], which means an iron cangue and is not what is used here).
16.71
Beautiful and exceptional (姝特: [the first character] has the fanqie ch- + [zh]u [=shū]; the Mao Commentary to the Odes says: 'Shū (姝) means beautiful'; the Shuowen says it is formed with 'woman' [女] and zhū [朱] as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie t- + [d]e [=tè]; Wen Ying's commentary to the Han shu says: 'Tè (特) means conspicuous'; the Shuowen says: 'Tè is a male bull'; it is formed with 'ox' [牛] and an abbreviated sì [寺] as phonetic).
16.72
Clever and shrewd (聡黠: the first character has the fanqie c- + [h]ong [=cōng]; the Shangshu says: 'Hearing is called cōng; it must be keen and penetrating'; it also says: 'Hearing produces counsel; what is counseled is sure to succeed'; in the sūtra it is written with 'window' [囪] as 聡, which is a vulgar character. The second character has the fanqie x- + [b]a [=xiá]; the Kaosheng says: 'Xiá (黠) means sharp-witted'; the Fangyan says: 'Between Jin and Wei, wisdom is called xiá'; the Shuowen says it is formed with 'black' [黑] and jí [吉] as phonetic).
16.73
Sūtra on the Immeasurable Pure Equal Enlightenment
16.74
Upper Fascicle
16.75
Feeding cattle (牛飼: [the second character] is pronounced sì; the Guiyuan zhucang says: 'Sì (飼) means giving food to animals'; the Gujin zhengzi says it is formed with 'food' [食] and sī [司] as phonetic; in the sūtra text it is written with 'mouth' as 呞, which is a vulgar and incorrect character).
16.76
Emaciated and short (瘦短: [the second character] has the fanqie d- + [g]uan [=duǎn]; the Cangjie pian says: 'Duǎn (短) means brief or short'; the Shuowen says: 'Not long'; it is formed with 'arrow' [矢] and an abbreviated dòu [豆] as phonetic; in the sūtra text it is written with 'hand' as 𢭃, which is incorrect and does not form a real character).
16.77
Precious earrings (寶珥: [the second character] has the fanqie r- + [zh]i [=èr]; the Cangjie pian says: 'Attaching pearls to the ear is called èr (珥), that is, an ear-pendant (璫) with suspended pearls'; the Shuowen says it is formed with 'jade' [玉] and ěr [耳] as phonetic; dāng [璫] is pronounced dāng).
16.78
Crawling and flying (蠉飛: the first character has the fanqie x- + [y]uan [=xuān]; it is also written 蝝, both being standard characters; the Gongyang zhuan says: 'Yuán (蝝) is precisely xuān (蠉); newly hatched it is called yuán, and grown large it is called xuān'; Liu Xin's explanation says: 'The larva of an ant'; Dong Zhongshu says: 'The larva of a locust'; the Shenglei says: 'The appearance of insects flying'; the Shuowen says: 'Insects crawling'; it is formed with 'insect' [虫] and huán [睘] as phonetic).
16.79
Wriggling and squirming (𧏦動: [the first character] has the fanqie r- + [y]in [=ruǎn]; Gu Yewang says: 'This is the squirming movement of crawling insects; ruǎn (蝡) also means moving'; character books say: 'Moving without feet is called ruǎndòng (𧏦動)'; the Shuowen says it is formed with 'insect' [虫] and ruǎn [耎] as phonetic).
16.80
Dīpaṃkara (錠光: pronounced dìng).
16.81
Bottom of the cliff (崖底: [the first character] has the fanqie y- + [j]ie [=yá]; the Shuowen says: 'The high edge of a mountain'; it is formed with yà [屵] (having the fanqie w- + [g]e [=è]) and guī [圭] as phonetic; the sūtra text writes yín [崟], which is a scribal error and incorrect).
16.82
Blazing and resplendent (焜煌: the first character has the fanqie h- + [b]en [=kùn]; the second character is pronounced huáng; the Shuowen says: 'Kùnhuáng (焜煌) is the appearance of bright, flourishing radiance'; semantic component on the left, phonetic component on the right).
16.83
Alarmed and hurried (征彸: the first character has the fanqie zh- + [y]ing [=zhēng]; the second character has the fanqie zh- + [y]ong [=zhōng]; the Fangyan says: 'Zhēngzhōng (征伀) is a look of panic and fright'; the Guangya says: 'Bígyíng zhēngzhōng (屏營征伀) is an appearance of scurrying about'; these are also phono-semantic characters).
16.84
Stiff-necked and perverse (項很: the first character has the fanqie x- + [j]iang [=xiàng]; the second character has the fanqie h- + [k]en [=hěn]; both are characters in the rising tone; Jia's commentary to the Guoyu says: 'Disobedient, resentful, and spiteful; it means an obstinate person with a stiff neck difficult to turn is called xiànghěn'; it is formed with chì [彳] and gèn [艮] as phonetic).
16.85
Emaciated and haggard (𤯝瘦: the first character has the fanqie sh- + [g]eng [=shěng]; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: 'Shěng (𤯝) means disaster'; Jia Kui says: 'Illness'; the Shiming says: 'Shòushěng (瘦𤯝) is like emaciated and wasting'; the sūtra text writes shěng [省], which is a borrowed character and not the original graph).
16.86
糜盡 (fanqie: 媚 + 悲, a popular character. Wang [Bi's] commentary on the *Book of Changes* states: '糜 means dispersed.' *Guangya* states: 'Ruined.' *Shuowen [jiezi]* states: '糜 means crushed into pieces.' The orthodox form has the 'rice' radical as [米*(序-予+禁)], a phono-semantic character).
16.87
天拘蝅 (the first character is pronounced 俱, the second is fanqie: 藏 + 含; a Sanskrit name for a heavenly flower).
16.88
其柄 (fanqie: 兵 + 命. Gu Yewang states: '柄 means base.' Jia [Kui's] commentary on the *Guoyu* states: 'Authority.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'An axe handle; derived from the "wood" radical with 丙 as phonetic.' The orthodox form has the radical 秉 as 㨀, a phono-semantic character).
16.89
𱝆樓亘 (the first character is pronounced 合, the second is fanqie: 罔 + 蹬; Sanskrit, without seeking character etymology; a bodhisattva's name).
16.90
Sūtra of the Immeasurable, Pure, and Equal Awakening, Fascicle Two
16.91
有鉉 (fanqie: 玄 + 犬. Wang Bi's commentary on the *Book of Changes* states: 'The ear-handles [of a cauldron] are hollowed to receive the carrying rod (鉉).' *Guiyuan zhucong* states: '鉉 means the carrying loop of a cauldron; it is the cauldron's ear-handle').
16.92
戾亮 (the first is fanqie: 力 + 計; the second is fanqie: 力 + 丈. The first character is derived from a reduction of 高; the second is derived from 几, an ancient character for "person").
16.93
駛㤂 (the first is fanqie: 師 + 吏. *Cang Jie pian* states: '駛 means fast, the manner of a galloping horse,' a phono-semantic character; the sūtra text writes it with 夬, which is not applicable here. The second character, 急, *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'To be pressed; urgent and hurried; derived from the "heart" radical with 及 as phonetic').
16.94
荖跌 (the first is fanqie: 廁 + 師, also pronounced with the two fanqie: 倉 + 何, both are accepted. The second is fanqie: 田 + 頡. *Kaosheng* states: '參荖 means uneven and unequal.' Wang [Yi's] commentary on the *Chuci* states: '蹉跌 means stumbling and unable to exert oneself fully.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'Discrepancy and variance; not meeting each other.' Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the *Huainanzi* states: '跌 means to stumble and fall.' The *Fangyan* states: 'To fall prostrate on the ground is called 跌.' Both are phono-semantic characters).
16.95
世事譊譊 (fanqie: 女 + 交. The *Guicang* states: 'Words spoken loudly and confusedly.' Gu Yewang states: '譊譊 is like clamoring and shouting.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'Shouting in anger; derived from the "speech" radical with 堯 as phonetic.' Another explanation is "running away").
16.96
屏營 (the first is fanqie: 並 + 冥; the second is fanqie: 唯 + 熒. As for 屏營, it is like pacing back and forth anxiously. *Guangya* states: '屏營 is like being restless and alarmed; panicked and rushed').
16.97
稸氣 (fanqie: 丑 + 六. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the *Book of Documents* states: '稸 means to accumulate.' Gu Yewang states: '稸 means to gather,' a phono-semantic character. In the sūtra text, some write it with the "heart" radical as 慉, which is incorrect; 慉 is fanqie: 許 + 六).
16.98
各勵 ([勵 is] 力 + 滯 [fanqie]. *Guangya* states: '勵 means diligent.' *Erya* states: 'To exert oneself.' *Picang* states: 'To strengthen.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'To exert effort; derived from the "force" radical and a reduction of 厲 as phonetic.' 厲 is derived from 䘍, fanqie: 勅 + 介).
16.99
抵突 (the first is fanqie: 丁 + 禮. *Da Dai Liji* states: '抵 is like pushing.' *Kaosheng* states: 'To resist.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'To butt or strike against; derived from the "hand" radical with 氐 as phonetic.' 氐 has the same pronunciation as above. The second is fanqie: 徒 + 鶻. Wang Yi's commentary on the *Chuci* states: 'To encroach.' *Yunquan* states: 'To charge against.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'A dog suddenly emerging from a hole; derived from a dog in a hole,' an ideogrammic compound).
16.100
摠猥 (the first is fanqie: 宗 + 董. *Kaosheng* states: 'All; to take in charge.' The sūtra writes 捴, a popular character. The second is fanqie: 烏 + 賄. 賄 is fanqie: 灰 + 每. 猥 means turbid and vulgar; derived from the "dog" radical with 畏 as phonetic).
16.101
洒除 (fanqie: 先 + 禮. *Guangya* states: 'To wash clean.' It is also written as 洗, with the same meaning; other readings are not adopted).
16.102
尫狂 (fanqie: 枉 + 王. The orthodox form originally was 尤, a pictograph. Popular modern usage adds 王 to form 尫, a phono-semantic character. *Yunquan* states: '尫 means weak.' *Tongsu wen* states: 'Short and small is called 尫.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'Lame with crooked shins.' The popular pronunciation as fanqie: 鳥 + 黃 is a corrupted phonological shift).
16.103
眄睞 (眄 is fanqie: 眠 + 見. *Shuowen jiezi* states: '眄 means to glance sideways; derived from the "eye" radical with 丐 as phonetic,' having the same pronunciation as above. 睞 is fanqie: 來 + 岱. *Cang Jie pian* states: 'A child looking askance within; derived from the "eye" radical with 來 as phonetic.' It is also written as 䚅).
16.104
辜搉 (the first is fanqie: 古 + 胡. *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'An obstruction (阜); derived from 辛 with 古 as phonetic.' The sūtra text writes 辜 with the "sheep" radical, which does not form a character; 辜 also means stubbornness and monopoly. The second is pronounced 角, or written as 較. *Kaosheng* states: 'To monopolize and sum up its general principle; derived from the "hand" radical and 寉.' The sūtra text writes 較, which is also used interchangeably).
16.105
喫酒 (fanqie: 輕 + 亦, meaning to eat or drink; derived from the "mouth" radical with 契 as phonetic).
16.106
魯扈 (the first character, 魯, has the "fish" radical above and "sun" radical below. The second is fanqie: 胡 + 古. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the *Liji* states: '扈 means arrogant, haughty, and self-important.' The 'Shanglin Fu' also uses it for unruly behavior. The *Hanshu yinyi* states: '扈 means overbearing, willful, and unrestrained.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'Derived from the "city" radical with 戶 as phonetic').
16.107
睢𥃳 (睢 is fanqie: 血 + 閨; the second is fanqie: 勖 + 俱. *Shenglei* states: '睢䂄 means staring widely.' Gu Yewang states: '睢𥃳 describes an alarmed and hasty appearance.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'Looking upward.' Both characters are derived from the "eye" radical, with 隹 and 亐 as phonetics respectively).
16.108
㴳澒 (the first is fanqie: 莫 + 董; the second is fanqie: 胡 + 孔, meaning ignorant and oblivious. *Tongsu wen* states: 'Muddy and confused is called 㴳澒.' The sūtra text writing 蒙空 is incorrect).
16.109
湔洒 (the first is fanqie: 子 + 仙; the second is fanqie: 西 + 禮. *Zilin* states: '湔 means to wash and rinse; 洒 also means to wash.' Both are phono-semantic characters derived from the "water" radical).
16.110
𣦢蹇 (the first is fanqie: 必 + 亦. *Yunlve* states: '𣦢 means lame and unable to walk.' *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'Derived from the "footstep" radical (止) with 辟 as phonetic.' The second is fanqie: 揵 + 偃. *Shuowen jiezi* states: '蹇 also means lame; derived from the "foot" radical and a reduction of 騫 as phonetic').
16.111
Amitābha Sūtra
16.112
Fascicle One
16.113
Compiled by Xuanying
16.114
阿彌陀 (Sanskrit, a Buddha's name; in the Tang language it is "Immeasurable Light" [Amitābha]).
16.115
末坻 (the first is fanqie: 蒲 + 鉢; the second character, 坻, is fanqie: 丁 + 禮. The sūtra writes 互, which is not correct).
16.116
不迺 (pronounced 乃; also Sanskrit).
16.117
揭質 (the first is fanqie: 居 + 櫱; Sanskrit).
16.118
甄脾坻 (pronounced 堅 for the first, the second is fanqie: 欠 + 婢, the third is pronounced 彌; also Sanskrit).
16.119
須𢱚 (the first is fanqie: 相 + 俞; the second is pronounced 風; Sanskrit).
16.120
羅倪 (pronounced 藝; also Sanskrit; the text writes 霓).
16.121
鳩蠡 (pronounced 禮; Sanskrit; the same below).
16.122
軷陀 (fanqie: 盤 + 沫; Sanskrit).
16.123
扈斯 (fanqie: 胡 + 古; both are Sanskrit).
16.124
滑歧 (the first is fanqie: 還 + 拔; the second is pronounced 祇; Sanskrit).
16.125
賓[(侯-矢+天)*頁] (pronounced 侯).
16.126
陀遬 (fanqie: 送 + 木).
16.127
篩邪 (pronounced 史; Sanskrit; the character is derived from the "bamboo" radical).
16.128
薜荔 (the first is fanqie: 毘 + 袂; the second is fanqie: 黎 + 第; Sanskrit [preta], a general name for hungry ghosts).
16.129
雄傑 (fanqie: 軋 + 𭒯. The Mao Commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* states: 'One who stands outstandingly is called a hero (傑).' *Huainanzi* states: 'One whose wisdom exceeds a thousand people is called a hero (傑).' The sūtra text erroneously writes 桀, which deviates from the text's meaning).
16.130
乞匃 (the second is pronounced 盖. *Shuowen jiezi* states: '匃 means to beg; derived from 亾 and 人.' As an explanation, when people lose (亾) possessions, they beg (乞匃). The sūtra writes 丐, which is incorrect).
16.131
[企-止+皂]纔 (fanqie: 在 + 來. *Yunquan* states: '纔 means barely.' *Kaosheng* states: 'Briefly; derived from the "silk" radical with 毚 as phonetic.' The pronunciation is fanqie: 仕 + 咸).
16.132
牚柱 (the first is fanqie: 丑 + 耕. *Kaosheng* states: 'A prop column along a road.' 袲 is fanqie: 夕 + 嗟; 枋 is pronounced 方).
16.133
迢迢 (fanqie: 徒 + 彫. The sūtra writes 苕, which is incorrect. *Kaosheng* states: '迢 means distant.' *Wenzi dian shuo* states: 'Far away, a long road; derived from the "movement" radical (辵) with 召 as phonetic.' 辵 is fanqie: 丑 + 略).
16.134
貪飻 (fanqie: 天 + 結. Du [Yu's] commentary on the *Zuo zhuan* states: 'Coveting food is called 饕; coveting wealth is called 飻.' The sūtra text writes 饕, which is also acceptable).
16.135
Amitābha Sūtra, Fascicle Two
16.136
所眩 (fanqie: 玄 + 絹. *Cang Jie pian* states: '眩 means deluded and confused; also blurred vision.' It is also written as 炫. In the sūtra text, writing it with 玄 as 鉉 is incorrect; older glossaries defining it as "to tie or bind" misses the meaning of the sūtra).
16.137
祝祝 (fanqie: 之 + 育. This is a dialectal variation. According to standard definitions, the gloss of the character 祝 differs from the intention of the sūtra; here it is explained as diligently guarding and protecting, which fits the meaning of the sūtra).
16.138
𧩟詷 (the first is fanqie: 䓗 + 弄; the second is fanqie: 同 + 弄. *Tongsu wen* states: 'Excessive and exaggerated words are called 𧩟詷.' *Cuowen* states: '𧩟詷 means remiss and negligent').
16.139
蔡[疏-(梳-木)+蔡] (the first is pronounced 菜, the second is fanqie: 蒼 + 辢. This phrase is Sanskrit, but the ancient translation is neither clear nor precise).
16.140
Sūtra of Immeasurable Life
16.141
Fascicle One
16.142
Compiled by Xuanying
16.143
微瀾 (fanqie: 洛 + 寒. *Erya* states: 'Large waves are called 瀾; small ripples are called 淪.' *Shuowen jiezi* notes it is derived from the "water" radical).
16.144
享茲 (享 is fanqie: 香 + 兩; 享 means to correspond to, and also to receive. The sūtra text writing 嚮 is a different usage. The second is fanqie: 子 + 思).
16.145
煜𤓝 (the first is fanqie: 由 + 鞠; the second is fanqie: 弋 + 斫. *Shuowen jiezi* states: '煜 means shining and radiant; 𤓝 means the blaze of fire.' The sūtra text writing 昱爍 does not use the original characters).
16.146
該羅 (gǎi-luó; fanqie: gǔ + lái [gāi]. Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the Guoyu says: '該 means complete.' The Fangyan says: '咸 [all].')
16.147
吞噬 (tūn-shì; fanqie for the first character: [t- + -ēn] [tūn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '吞 means to swallow.' The second character has the fanqie: shí + zhì [shì]. Wang Bi's commentary on the Zhouyi says: '噬 means to bite; it also means to eat.' It takes 口 as semantic component and 筮 as phonetic component.)
16.148
酖酒 (dān-jiǔ; fanqie: dū + hán [dān]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '酖 means to indulge in pleasure.' Character glossaries say: 'To be addicted to.' It is also written as 媅, 妉, or 耽; all three forms are identical.)
16.149
糾舉 (jiū-jǔ; fanqie: jīng + yǒu [jiū]. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu says: '糾 means to correct.' Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Zhouli says: '糾 means to investigate.' Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '糾 also means to bring forward.' It takes 糸 as semantic component and [┴*├] as phonetic component. [┴*├] is pronounced with the fanqie: jū + yōu [jiū]. The character 舉 takes 手 as semantic component.)
16.150
潢瀁 (huáng-yǎng; fanqie: hú + guǎng [huǎng]; the second character has the fanqie: yáng + zhǎng [yǎng]. The Chuci says: '潢瀁 is like vast and boundless.' In the sūtra text it is written as 滉漾, which is also acceptable. The lower fascicle has no phonetic glosses.)
16.151
Akṣobhya-buddha-kṣetra-sūtra
16.152
Upper Fascicle
16.153
羅閱 (luó-yuè; the second character is pronounced yuè. A Sanskrit word. An ancient translation says: 'Rājagṛha, located in the country of Magadha.')
16.154
䠆跽 (cháng-jì; fanqie: zhí + liáng [cháng]. Character glossaries say: 'In Dongjun, to kneel on one knee on the ground is called 䠆 kneeling.' The second character has the fanqie: qí + jì [jì]. Phonetic manuals say: '跽 means to bow and then remain kneeling for a long time.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 足 as semantic component and 忌 as phonetic component.')
16.155
蜎飛 (yuān-fēi; fanqie: yī + yuán [yuān]. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: '蜎蜎 refers to caterpillar-like worms.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '蜎蠉 are small red worms found in wells.')
16.156
𧏦動 (ruǎn-dòng; fanqie: [r- + -ǔn] [ruǎn]. The Kaosheng says: 'Those with feet are called 蟲 [insects]; those without feet are called 𧏦 [crawling grubs].' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The wriggling movement of small insects. It takes 虫 as semantic component and 䎡 as phonetic component.' In the sūtra text it is written as 𧑮, which is erroneous. The Cang Jie pian writes it as [虫*芥].)
16.157
央數 (yāng-shù; fanqie: yuē + jiāng [yāng]. In the sūtra text it is written as 鞅 in the rising tone, which is incorrect.)
16.158
謗讒 (bàng-chán; fanqie: bǔ + làng [bàng]. Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '謗 means to slander; it also means to curse.' Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the Guoyu says: 'It means to defame; it also means to speak of another's wrongdoing to someone else.' The second character has the fanqie: shì + xián [chán]. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: '讒 means to harm someone with words.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 言 as semantic component and 毚 as phonetic component.' 毚 has the fanqie: shì + xián.)
16.159
上[肉*鬲] (shàng-gé; fanqie: gǔ + hé [gé]. The Wenzi jilüe says: '膈 means inside the chest.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 肉 as semantic component and 鬲 as phonetic component.' 鬲 is pronounced gé. In the sūtra text it is written with 阜 as 隔, which does not convey this meaning.)
16.160
右脇 (yòu-xié; fanqie: xiāng + yè [xié]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '脇 means below the armpit. It takes 肉 as semantic component and 劦 as phonetic component.' 劦 is pronounced xié. It is also written as 䝱, taking three 力.)
16.161
諛讇 (yú-chǎn; fanqie: yú + zhū [yú]. The Zhuangzi says: 'To speak without distinguishing right from wrong is called flattery (諛).' Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu says: '諛 also means to fawn (讇).' In the sūtra text it is written as 諭, which is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie: chǐ + rǎn [chǎn]. He [Xiu]'s commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: '讇 means sycophantic.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It means to flatter. It takes 言 as semantic component and 閻 as phonetic component.' 閻 has the fanqie: yǐ + zhān [yán]. In the sūtra text it is written as 諂; 諂 is an abbreviated form used colloquially.)
16.162
往嬈 (wǎng-rǎo; fanqie: nú + niǎo [niǎo]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '嬈 means to tease or molest one another.' It is also written as 嬲.)
16.163
薜荔多 (bì-lì-duō; fanqie for the first character: pú + bì [bì]; fanqie for the second character: lǐ + dì [lì]. A Sanskrit term [preta], the name for hungry ghosts.)
16.164
礫石 (lì-shí; fanqie: lǚ + dí [lì]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '礫 means small stones.' In character glossaries it is also written as 𥕴.)
16.165
綩綖 (wǎn-yán; fanqie: yú + yuǎn [yuǎn]; the second character is pronounced yán. In the sūtra text this is an erroneous substitution; the standard form takes 艸, written as 苑莚, referring to dance mats, floor carpets, and the like.)
16.166
珠璣 (zhū-jī; fanqie: jū + yí [jī]. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu says: '璣 is a kind of pearl.' Character glossaries say: 'Small pearls.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Pearls that are not round. It takes 玉 as semantic component and 幾 as phonetic component.')
16.167
之態 (zhī-tài; fanqie: tā + dài [tài]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: '態 means deportment or posture.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Constantly maintaining an intent without changing.' It is also written as 㑷.)
16.168
梯梐 (tī-bì; fanqie: tǐ + dī [tī]. The Picang says: '梯 means steps.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Wooden stairs. It takes 木 as semantic component and 弟 as phonetic component.' The second character has the fanqie: pí + lǐ [bì]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Zhouli says: '梐𣒶 means movable barrier chevaux-de-frise (xingma).' The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 㯇.)
16.169
疲極 (pí-jí; fanqie: bèi + bēi [pí]. Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the Guoyu says: '疲 means exhausted.' The Cang Jie pian says: 'Indolent or weary.' In the sūtra text it is written as 罷, which is a borrowed character; the ancients were plain and unadorned.)
16.170
Akṣobhya-buddha-kṣetra-sūtra, Lower Fascicle
16.171
是這 (shì-zhè; fanqie: yán + jiàn. The Cang Jie pian says: 'To meet.' 這: The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 辵 as semantic component and 言 as phonetic component.' 辵 has the fanqie: chǒu + lüè [chuò].)
16.172
坻彌羅 (dǐ-mí-luó; fanqie for the first character: dì + xī [dǐ]. A Sanskrit word [timira], the name of a tree.)
16.173
Daśadharmaka-sūtra (Sūtra on the Ten Dharmas of the Mahāyāna)
16.174
Compiled by Huilin
16.175
綺語 (qǐ-yǔ; fanqie: qī + jì [qǐ]. Note: 綺語 (frivolous speech) refers to ornate embellishments of literary phrases praising beyond the reality.)
16.176
犁耬 (lí-lóu; fanqie: lì + xī [lí]. An implement for plowing fields. The second character has the fanqie: lǔ + hóu [lóu]. The Picang says: '耬 means to stretch out. In ancient times, people pulled it to stretch out the furrows; it is a tool for sowing seeds. Nowadays, oxen are used together to pull it.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 耒 as semantic component and 婁 as phonetic component.' 耒 has the fanqie: lì + duì [lèi]; 輓 is pronounced wǎn.)
16.177
貯積 (zhù-jī; fanqie: zhì + lǚ [zhù]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '貯 also means to amass and store up. It takes 貝 as semantic component and 宁 as phonetic component.')
16.178
牀榻 (chuáng-tà; fanqie: zhuàng + zhuāng [chuáng]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 爿 and 木 as semantic components.' 爿 has the fanqie: jiàng + yáng [qiáng]. The second character has the fanqie: tān + dá [tà]. The Shiming says: 'A narrow and long couch is called a 榻.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 木 as semantic component and [日/羽] as phonetic component.')
16.179
枷壓 (jiā-yà; fanqie: yā + jiǎ [yà]. Character glossaries say: '壓 means to press down firmly upon things.' The Shuowen jiezi also records the character 厭.)
16.180
撾打 (zhuā-dǎ; fanqie: zhì + guā [zhuā]. Of the category of drumsticks, beating and shaking. The Kaosheng says: 'To strike.' In the Gujin zhengzi, it takes 木 and 過; the Shuowen jiezi writes it as 𥬸.)
16.181
富伽羅 (fù-qié-luó; a Sanskrit term [pudgala], translated here as 'frequent goer to destinies' (数取趣), meaning transmigrating repeatedly back and forth within the three realms; it is also transcribed as 補特迦羅).
16.182
蚊蝱 (wén-méng; fanqie: wěn + fēn [wén]; the second character has the fanqie: mài + gēng [méng]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 䖵 as semantic component and 亡 as phonetic component.' In the sūtra text it is written as 虻, which is incorrect. 䖵 is pronounced kūn.)
16.183
蟒虵 (mǎng-shé; the first character has the fanqie: mò + bǎng [mǎng]. The Erya says: 'The 蟒 is the king of snakes.' Guo [Pu]'s commentary says: 'The largest among serpents are called 蟒蛇.' In the sūtra it is written as 𠕀虵, which is incorrect.)
16.184
Samantamukha-parivarta-sūtra
16.185
Xuanying
16.186
溥首 (pǔ-shǒu; the first character is pronounced pǔ. The character 溥 is composed of 甫 at the top, and 水 and 寸. '溥首' is a plain, unadorned ancient translation and not elegant; it is another name for the Bodhisattva Mañjuśrī.)
16.187
億垓 (yì-gāi; fanqie: gǎi + hái [gāi]. Names of numerical units.)
16.188
鞕𱁲 (yìng-gāng; the first character has the fanqie: wǔ + gēng [yìng]. Character glossaries say: '鞕 means firm.' The Kaosheng says: 'Hard.' It is written colloquially as 硬. The Wenzi jilüe has it with 卯 as semantic component, written as 䩕. The second character, 𱁲, judging by the meaning in the sūtra, should be the character 岡. The older Sound and Meaning gives the fanqie: hú + làng [hàng], which is likely erroneous and does not constitute a character. None of the character glossaries contain this character, and its origin is unclear; the original text is temporarily retained here to await future scholars.)
16.189
滿脬 (mǎn-pāo; the first character 滿 is composed of [共-八] and 兩; it is also pronounced mǎn, and is an occasional variant written with 水. The second character has the fanqie: pǔ + bāo [pāo]. This is the urinary bladder, the water receptacle in the abdomen, the bladder; it is what is known today as an inflatable ball. The Shuowen jiezi says: '𡲘 means bladder; it takes 肉 as semantic component and 孚 abbreviated as phonetic component.')
16.190
Sūtra on the Garbhāvakrānti Spoken by the Buddha
16.191
Compiled by Huilin
16.192
[肉*包]𰮜 (bāo-tāi; the first character is pronounced bāo. Sima Biao's commentary on the Zhuangzi says: '胞 refers to the womb tissue, the child's caul.' The Hanshu speaks of 'those of the same caul (同胞之徒)'; Ru Chun says: '胞 means full siblings.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The wrapping membrane when a child is born. It takes 肉 as semantic component and 包 as phonetic component.' The second character has the fanqie: tā + lái [tāi]. The Erya says: '胎 means the beginning.' The Guangya says: 'When a woman is pregnant for three months, it is called 胎 [fetus].' The Cang Jie pian says: 'An unborn child is called 胎.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A woman's pregnancy of three months. It takes 肉 as semantic component and 台 as phonetic component.')
16.193
懿沙 (yì-shā; fanqie: yī + jì [yì]. A Sanskrit word; there is no standard Chinese translation for this.)
16.194
眼瞳子 (yǎn tóng-zǐ; fanqie: qín + dōng [tóng]. The Picang says: 'The pupil (瞳) is the pearl of the eye.' The Guangya says: 'The pearl of the eye is called the pupil (眸子); colloquially it is called the pupil person of the eye.' The Shuowen jiezi lacks a gloss for it.)
16.195
成𰮉 (chéng-pēi; fanqie: pèi + méi [pēi]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A woman's pregnancy of one month is an embryo (肧). It takes 肉 as semantic component and 不 abbreviated as phonetic component.')
16.196
燥牛𭫮 (zào niú fèn; the first character has the fanqie: sāng + dào [zào]. The Zhouyi says: 'Fire moves towards what is dry.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '燥 means dry. It takes 火 as semantic component and 喿 as phonetic component.' 喿 has the same pronunciation as above. The last character has the fanqie: fēn + wèn [fèn]. It is a vulgar form; the orthodox form is written with [(崋-山)-一+(卄*├)] as 𭫮. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 𡊅: 'To discard and sweep away dung.' The Yunying says: 'Dung (糞) also means filth.' It is also written as [土*(米/井)] or [土*(米/世/木)]. In the sūtra it is written with 土 as 𡐢, which does not constitute a character.)
16.197
兩𰯣 (liǎng-bìn; fanqie: pín + mǐn [bìn]. The Yunquan says: '臏 refers to the knee and shin.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Knee-bone. The standard character takes 骨, written as 臏, a phono-semantic character.')
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- 一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese