一切經音義 55

English (machine translation) 55

Language: English

55.1

Compiled by the Translation Śramaṇa Huilin

Sounds for the Sūtra on the Maiden Yuye, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on Yuye, 1 fascicle: None;
Sūtra on Asuoda, 1 fascicle: Xuanying;
Sūtra on the Sea of Dharma, 1 fascicle;
Sūtra on the Karmic Retribution of Sinful Deeds, 1 fascicle: Xuanying;
Sūtra on the Dragon King Brothers, 1 fascicle: Xuanying;
Sūtra on the Eight Masters, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on Yuenan, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on Desires Bringing Disaster, 1 fascicle: Xuanying;
Sūtra on King Ajātaśatru Inquiring about the Five Iniquities, 1 fascicle: None;
Sūtra on Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana Wandering the Four Crossways, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on the Five Mothers and One Son, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on Śamīra, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on Pūrṇamaitrāyaṇīputra, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on Disrespecting the Dharma, 1 fascicle: None;
Sūtra on Verses on the Five Sufferings, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on the Ocean Having Eight Virtues, 1 fascicle: None;
Sūtra on Progressing in Learning, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on King Śuddhodana's Nirvāṇa, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on the Pewter Staff, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on King Virūḍhaka, 1 fascicle: Xuanying;
Sūtra on Samāvatī (Sanmojie), 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on King Bimbisāra's Five Vows, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on the Poor Old Man, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on Dṛḍhamati, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on the Origin of Practice, 2 fascicles: Xuanying;
Sūtra on the Prince's Auspicious Omens, 2 fascicles: Xuanying;
Sūtra on Past and Present Causes and Effects of Karma, 4 fascicles: Xuanying;
Sūtra on the Mango Maiden and Jīvaka, 1 fascicle: Xuanying;
Sūtra in Forty-Two Sections, 1 fascicle: Xuanying;
Sūtra on the Elder Yinyue, 1 fascicle: Huilin;
Sūtra on the Seven Women, 1 fascicle: Xuanying;
Sūtra on the Secret Essentials of Dhyāna, 3 fascicles: Huilin;
Jātaka-sūtra, 5 fascicles: Xuanying;
Arthapada-sūtra, 2 fascicles: Xuanying;
The above thirty-five sūtras in forty-six fascicles share the phonetic glosses of this fascicle.

55.3

Sūtra on the Maiden Yuye

55.4

Compiled by Huilin.

55.5

姑妐 (The second character has the fanqie 燭 + 容 [zhōng]. The Erya says: 'A husband's elder brother is called 妐.' Guo [Pu's] commentary says: 'In common usage today, an elder brother is called 鍾 [zhōng]; this is merely a phonetic shift.' The Kaosheng and the Fangyan both say: 'In the Guanzhong region today, a husband's father is called 妐.' The Yupian says: 'It is sometimes written as the character 公, and is also pronounced zhōng.')

55.6

杖捶 (The second character has the fanqie 隹 + 委 [chuí]. Gu Yewang says: 'To 棰 [beat] means to strike with a staff.' The Guoyu says: 'Urging them on with whips and batons.' The Shuowen says: '棰 means to strike (擿); it takes the hand [radical] and 垂 as phonetic.' 擿 has the sound of 知 + 革 [zhí]. It is also written with the mortar [radical] as 𦥻.)

55.7

夫壻 (The second character has the fanqie 捷 + 計 [xì]. The Erya says: 'A woman's husband is called 壻.' The Yili says: 'The husband acts as driver for the wife's carriage and hands her the reins,' which is this [usage]. The Kaosheng says: '壻 means a daughter's husband.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It takes 士 with 胥 as phonetic.' It is also written with the female [radical] as 婿.)

55.8

犾犾𨷖諍 (The first two characters have the fanqie 魚 + 斤 [yín]. The Chuci says: 'Fierce dogs baring teeth (犾犾) and barking in greeting.' Gu Yewang says: '犾犾 is the barking of dogs.' The Kaosheng says: 'Two dogs fighting.' The Shuowen says: 'Two dogs biting each other; it is formed of two dogs.' It is also written with the speech [radical] as 狺, or with the ax (斤) [radical] as 㹞; the glosses and explanations are all interchangeable. The next character has the fanqie 兜 + 候 [dòu]. The Cang Jie Pian says: '鬪 means to contend (諍).' The Zuo zhuan says: 'Those who heard of it raised arms and fought against one another.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'Two warriors facing one another with weapons held behind them forms the shape of fighting (鬪); it is an associative compound formed of 斥 and 丮.' The last character has the fanqie 等 + 敬 [zhèng]. The Kaosheng says: 'Contentious speech.')

55.9

噠嚫 (The first character has the sound 達 [dá]; the second has the fanqie 側 + 近 [zhèn]. Note: 噠嚫 is the present-day offering of money given to monks [dakṣiṇā].)

55.10

Yuye jing (No characters requiring phonetic gloss or explanation.)

55.11

Asuda-sūtra

55.12

Compiled by Xuanying.

55.13

阿遬 (In the seal script (zhòuwén) it is written 遬; in ancient script it is written 𧫷; now it is written 速. It has the fanqie 桑 + 鹿 [sù]. It is a personal name in the Chuyu.)

55.14

Fahai jing (No characters requiring phonetic gloss or explanation.)

55.15

Sūtra on the Retribution of Karmic Offenses and Edification in the Hells

55.16

Compiled by Xuanying.

55.17

莝碓 (The first character has the fanqie 且 + 臥 [cuò]. The Shijing says: 'Chop fodder and feed it.' The commentary says: '莝 means cut grass; it refers to chopping fodder to nourish horses.' In the sūtra text it is written as 剉. The Shuowen says: 'To snap and wound.')

55.18

頑𤹝 (Now written as 𢈷. It has the fanqie 必 + 寐 [bì]. The Shuowen says: 'The qi in the feet is blocked, causing pain in the flesh.' In the sūtra text it is written as 痹, with the fanqie 俾 + 利 [bì]. The Shuowen says: 'A disease caused by dampness.' That is not the meaning here; this refers to atrophy and numbness (痿痹) making one unable to walk.)

55.19

煻煨 (The first character has the fanqie 徒 + 郎 [táng]; the second has the fanqie 烏 + 迴 [wēi]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Hot ashes are called 煻煨.' 煨 also means to roast (熝). The Guangya says: '煨 means smoldering heat (熅).' 熝 has the fanqie 烏 + 刀 [āo]; 熅 has the fanqie 於 + 云 [yūn].)

55.20

射窠 (窠 is also written 薖; both have the fanqie 口 + 和 [kē]. The character dictionaries say: '窠 means a nest,' referring to an animal's den or burrow; its meaning is taken here.)

55.21

嚻升 (The first character has the fanqie 許 + 妖 [xiāo]. 嚻 means empty; 嚻 also means noisy clamor.)

55.22

循大 (The first character has the fanqie 似 + 均 [xún]. The Shuowen says: '循 means to go along.' The Erya says: '循 means to follow (自).' Guo Pu says: '自 is like

55.23

Jujia (puckered cheeks) (fanqie: 渠 + 六 [jū]; examining it, *ju* means to gather or shrink. The character should properly be written 麴. The *Tongsu wen* states: 'When the body does not stretch out, it is called *qu*').

55.24

Longwang xiongdi jing (Sūtra on the Dragon King Brothers)

55.25

Compiled by Xuanying

55.26

Erji (auricle margin) (fanqie: 子 + 例 [jì]; the *Guangya* states: '*Ji* means side or border.' The *Erya* states: '*Ji* means to connect, meaning to join continuously.' It also means edge, border, or place).

55.27

Naichen (thereupon a minister) (fanqie: 奴 + 改 [nǎi]; the *Erya* states: '迺 is 乃 [then/thereupon].' Guo Pu says: '迺 is simply the character 乃.' The *Shuowen* states: '迺 means to go.' The *Shenglei* states: '迺 means to arrive').

55.28

Foshuo bashi jing (Sūtra on the Eight Teachers Spoken by the Buddha)

55.29

Compiled by Huilin

55.30

Wangmi (vast and overflowing) (the first character has the fanqie: 烏 + 黃 [wāng]; the *Xu Hanshu* states: 'Wangwang: a vast expanse of pool of ten thousand qing.' Du's commentary to the *Zuo zhuan* states: 'Wang means a pool.' Wang Yi's commentary to the *Chuci* states: 'Wangyang means vast waters broad without limit.' The *Guangya* also states it means great. The *Wenzi dian shuo* states: 'Wang means deep and broad; it takes 氵 as semantic classifier and 王 as phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie: 藥 + 章 [yáng]; the Mao Commentary to the *Shijing* states: 'Yangyang is an appearance of abundance and greatness.' Kong's commentary to the *Shangshu* states: 'Yangyang means fine and good.' The *Shuowen* states it takes 氵 as semantic classifier and 芋 as phonetic. Character lexicons write it as 洋; the sound and explanation are both the same).

55.31

Banglüe (to flog and plunder) (the first character has the fanqie: 白 + 萠 [bàng]; the *Cang Jie pian* states: 'Bang means to plunder.' The *Wenzi jilüe* states: 'It means to beat and strike.' The *Kaosheng* states: 'Banglüe means to beat and strike in interrogation.' The *Shuowen* states it takes 扌 as semantic classifier and 旁 as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie: 良 + 尚 [liàng]; the *Cang Jie pian* states: 'Lüe means to cane.' Zheng's commentary to the *Liji* states: 'It means to beat and discipline a person.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states it takes 扌 as semantic classifier with a reduced 諒 as phonetic).

55.32

Aosheng (foul stench and fishy rankness) (the first character has the fanqie: 昌 + 咒 [chòu]; the *Yueling* states: 'Its smell is rank.' Gu Yewang states: 'It is a collective name for foul vapors.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Whenever a hound pursues game on the run, it knows its tracks by scent (chou); hence it takes 犬 and 自 as an associative compound.' It is also written with 歹 as 殠; 歹 has the sound [歹*又]. The second character has the sound xīng; Kong's commentary to the *Shangshu* states: 'Sheng means foul odor.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Dog fat; it takes 肉 as semantic classifier and 生 as phonetic.' In the sūtra it is written as 腥, which is also interchangeable).

55.33

Mengmeng (dim-sighted) (fanqie: 木 + 紅 [méng]; the Mao Commentary to the *Shijing* states: 'Having pupils in the eyes yet not seeing is called *meng*.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Mengmeng means not bright; it takes 目 as semantic classifier and 冡 as phonetic').

55.34

Mianzhu (wrinkled face) (fanqie: 鄒 + 瘦 [zhòu]; the *Kaosheng* states: 'Zhu means the gathering/creasing of skin.' The *Wenzi dian shuo* states: 'Loose skin gathering together; it takes 皮 as semantic classifier and 芻 as phonetic; 芻 has the fanqie: 楚 + 拘 [chū].' The sūtra text writes it as 皺, which is a popular variant).

55.35

Cundong (aching and pained) (the first character has the fanqie: 算 + 巒 [suān]; the *Huainanzi* states: 'Yellow does not fret the heart or *cun* the feet,' which is this. The *Shuowen* states: '[爿-〡+(厂@(唆-口))] also means painful; it takes 𤕫 as semantic classifier and 夋 as phonetic.' 悁 has the fanqie: 一 + 玄 [yuān]; 夋 has the fanqie: 千 + 旬 [qūn]. The second character has the fanqie: 動 + 紅 [dòng]; the *Guangya* states: 'It means ache and pain.' The *Shiming* states: 'Teng means numbness.' The *Shuowen* states: 'It takes 𤕫 as semantic classifier and 冬 as phonetic.' Character lexicons also write it as 痋 or 昸; the explanations are all the same. The sūtra writes 悛 with the sound quán, which is not the meaning intended by the sūtra. 痺 has the fanqie: 必 + 利 [bì]).

55.36

Weiye (brilliant and blazing) (the first character has the fanqie: 韋 + 鬼 [wěi]; the *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'Abundance of red colour.' The Mao Commentary to the *Shijing* also says: 'Appearance of redness.' The second character has the fanqie: 炎 + 劫 [yè]; the *Guangya* states: 'Ye also means bright light.' Guo's commentary to the *Fangyan* also says it means abundant. The *Shuowen* states: 'Weiye means the flash of lightning.' Both characters take 火 as semantic classifier, with 韋 and [日/((傘-(企-止))-┬+ㄎ)] respectively as phonetics. [日/((傘-(企-止))-┬+ㄎ)] has the same pronunciation as above. The sūtra writes them with 日 as 暐曄, which are popular variants).

55.37

Yuenan jing (Sūtra on Crossing Difficulties)

55.38

Compiled by Huilin

55.39

Qianbo (to drag and fling) (the first character has the fanqie: 詰 + 研 [qiān]; the *Guangya* states: 'Qian is like pulling; it also means connecting.' Gu Yewang states: 'Qian also means to lead.' The *Shuowen* states: 'To lead forward; it takes 牛 as semantic classifier, depicting the halter that leads the ox, with 玄 as phonetic; it is an associative compound.' The second character has the fanqie: 龐 + 邈 [bó]; the *Kaosheng* states: 'Bo means casting onto the ground').

55.40

Chuangtong (pain of wounds) (the first character has the fanqie: 楚 + 霜 [chuāng]; the *Liji* states: 'If one has wounds on the head, then wash the hair.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'Chuang means wound.' The *Shuowen* states: 'It takes 刀 as semantic classifier and 倉 as phonetic.' The sūtra writes it as 瘡, which is a popular variant).

55.41

Suoyu zhihuan jing (Sūtra on Desires Causing Suffering)

55.42

Compiled by Xuanying

55.43

Caihui (wealth and goods) (fanqie: 呼 + 猥 [huǐ]; the *Erya* states: 'Hui means wealth.' The *Zuo zhuan* has 'generously *hui* him'; the commentary states: 'It mainly means presenting as a gift; it is a word for bestowing wealth on others').

55.44

Powu (to breach an entrenchment) (fanqie: 烏 + 古 [wù]; the *Zilin* states: 'A small fortification.' The *Tongsu wen* states: 'An encampment residence is called a *wu*.' The character takes 𨸏 as semantic classifier).

55.45

Fuyu (pent-up distress) (fanqie: 苻 + 勿 [fú]; the *Zilin* states: 'Fuyu means the mind is unsettled').

55.46

Zhanli (trembling and shivering) (the character form is written 顫 or 𢥇, both with the fanqie: 之 + 見 [zhàn]; the second character is also written 𤴨, both with the fanqie: 有 + 瘤 [yóu]; the *Shuowen* states: 'Zhanli means shaking and unsteady').

55.47

Asheshiwang wen wuni jing (Sūtra on King Ajātaśatru Inquiring About the Five Inexpiable Sins) (No words to gloss)

55.48

Shelifu Mujianlian you sigu jing (Sūtra on Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana Wandering Through the Four Crossroads)

55.49

Compiled by Huilin

55.50

Weiwei (lofty and grand) (fanqie: 魏 + 歸 [wēi]; Kong's commentary to the *Analects* states: 'Weiwei is an appearance of being tall and grand.' The *Wenzi dian shuo* states: 'It takes 嵬 as semantic classifier and 委 as phonetic.' 嵬 has the fanqie: 危 + 委 [wēi]).

55.51

Liufan (floating with the flow) (the second character has the fanqie: 孚 + 梵 [fàn]; Jia Kui's commentary to the *Guoyu* states: 'Fan means to float.' The Mao Commentary to the *Shijing* states: 'Fan is an appearance of flowing.' The *Kaosheng* states: 'Not fixed in one place.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'It takes 水 as semantic classifier and 乏 as phonetic').

55.52

Wumu zi jing (Sūtra on the Five Mothers and One Son)

55.53

Compiled by Huilin

55.54

Kangkai (impassioned and indignant) (the first character has the fanqie: 康 + 朗 [kāng]; the second character has the fanqie: 開 + 改 [kǎi]; the *Kaosheng* states: 'Kangkai means the spirit is unsettled with indignation; it also means grieved sighing.' Wang Yi's commentary to the *Chuci* states: 'Kangkai means deeply felt resentment and indignation cutting into the heart.' The *Shuowen* states: 'The two characters *kang* and *kai* both take 心 as semantic classifier, with 康 and 既 respectively as phonetics.' The sūtra writes them with 气 as 忱愾, which are commonly interchangeable popular variants).

55.55

Shamituo jing (Sūtra on Sāmiṭhā)

55.56

Compiled by Huilin

55.57

Qixing ruandong (crawling and wriggling) (the first character has the sound qí; the *Zhoushu* states: 'Crawling and panting.' The *Wenzi dian shuo* states: 'Qi means insects walking.' The *Shuowen* states: 'It takes 虫 as semantic classifier and 支 as phonetic.' Ruandong: ruan has the fanqie: 如 + 允 [ruǎn]; the *Huainanzi* states: 'Insects wriggle.' The *Zhuangzi* states: 'Wriggling insects.' Sima Biao's commentary states: 'Ruan also means to move.' The *Shuowen* states: 'It takes 虫 as semantic classifier and 耎 as phonetic;' 耎 has the fanqie: 而 + 兖 [ruǎn]).

55.58

Foshuo Manyuanzi jing (Sūtra on Pūrṇamaitrāyaṇīputra Spoken by the Buddha)

55.59

Compiled by Huilin

55.60

Binnou (fanqie of the first character: 筆 + 旻 [bīn]; second character: 農 + 木 [nù]; Sanskrit language).

55.61

Xihua (fine and slippery) (the first character has the fanqie: 棲 + 祭 [xì]; it is properly written with 囟 as 𥿳; the sūtra text writes it with 田 as 細, which is a popular variant; 囟 has the sound xìn. The second character has the fanqie: 環 + 八 [huá]; the *Guangya* states: 'Hua means fine.' The *Shuowen* states: 'It means smooth and sharp; it takes 水 as semantic classifier and 骨 as phonetic').

55.62

Manfa jing (Sūtra on Disdaining the Dharma) (No words to gloss)

55.63

Foshuo wuku zhangju jing (Sūtra on the Verses on the Five Sufferings Spoken by the Buddha)

55.64

Compiled by Huilin.

55.65

損瘦 [written with rare variants]: For the first character, the fanqie is [s- + un >] sūn and [b- + en >] běn; it is the correct character for 損 ('diminish; harm'). It is composed of the 'hand' radical and 員. For the second character, the fanqie is [s- + ou >] sōu and [j- + iu >] jiù. The Shenglei says: '瘦 means lean and emaciated.' The Kaosheng says: 'Fatigued and weakened.' The Wenzi dian shuo says: '[The form] is lean and emaciated. Composed of 𤕫 with 叜 phonetic.' [爿-〡+(厂@脊)] has the fanqie [q- + ing >] qíng and [y- + i >] yì. [The form with 省] has the fanqie [sh- + eng >] shēng and [g- + eng >] gěng. 叜 is the correct character for 叟. The sūtra text writes it as 瘦, which is incorrect.

55.66

甎石 ('bricks and stones'): For the first character, the fanqie is [zh- + uo >] zhuó and [y- + uan >] yuán. The Picang says: '甎 refers to 㼾-bricks.' The Kaosheng says: '甓 (fired brick).' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Composed of 瓦 with 專 phonetic.' 甓 has the fanqie [p- + ing >] píng and [m- + i >] mì. 㼾 is pronounced [l- + u >] lù. The sūtra text writes it with the 'earth' radical as 搏, which is a vulgar character.

55.67

寺廟 ('temples and ancestral shrines'): The fanqie is [m- + eng >] méng and [b- + iao >] biào. The Erya says: 'A chamber having east and west side-wings is called a 廟 (ancestral shrine).' The Kaosheng says: 'In any palace, the front is called 廟, and the rear is called 寢 (private apartments).' The Shangshu dazhuan says: 'A 廟 is an image/appearance.' The Baihu tong says: 'It is the dignified presence of the ancestors.' The Shuowen says: 'Composed of 广 with 朝 phonetic; an associative compound character.' The sūtra writes 庿, which is incorrect. [示*表] has the fanqie [b- + i >] bǐ and [m- + iao >] miào.

55.68

䖶地 ('rooting up the ground'): The first character has the pronunciation [h- + ui >] huī. The Picang says: '䖶 is when swine turn up the ground with their snouts to catch grubs; this is called 䖶.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Composed of 虫 with 豕 phonetic.' 墾 has the fanqie [k- + en >] kěn and [h- + en >] hěn.

55.69

絆繫 ('tied and bound'): For the first character, the fanqie is [b- + o >] bō and [m- + an >] màn. The Hanshu says: 'A 絆 is a tethering of benevolence and righteousness.' The Kaosheng says: '絆 is like binding two feet.' The Shuowen says: 'It is a horse hobble. Composed of 糸 with 半 phonetic.' 𮩸 has the fanqie [zh- + en >] zhēn and [l- + i >] lì. 𮩸 has the same meaning as 縶. 繫 has the fanqie [j- + i >] jī and [y- + i >] yì.

55.70

推燥 ('shifting [the infant] to the dry [spot]'): For the first character, the fanqie is [t- + ui >] tuì and [l- + ei >] léi. The Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: '推 means to put aside.' Gu Yewang says: 'To push forward from behind is called 推.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It also means to push. Composed of 手 with 隹 phonetic.' For the second character, the fanqie is [s- + u >] sū and [z- + ao >] zào. The Classic of Changes says: 'Fire moves towards the dry.' The Shuowen says: '燥 means dry. Composed of 火 with 喿 phonetic.' 喿 has the fanqie [s- + u >] sū and [d- + ao >] dào. The sūtra writes 慘, which is incorrect.

55.71

居溼 ('lying in the wet [spot]'): The first character has the fanqie [j- + u >] jǔ and [y- + u >] yú. The second character has the fanqie [sh- + en >] shēn and [r- + u >] rù. Gu Yewang says: '溼 is like moistening.' The Shuowen says: 'Dark and wet. Composed of 水 and 一; 一 represents covering; when there is water covered above, it is called 溼. It also takes the abbreviated 㬎 as phonetic; it is a derivative character.' The sūtra writes 濕, which is a vulgar character and incorrect.

55.72

傴僂 ('hunchbacked and stooped'): For the first character, the fanqie is [y- + u >] yǔ and [j- + u >] jǔ. The Guangya says: '傴 means bent and crooked.' Gu Yewang says: '傴 is when the body is bent even more, showing increased deference.' The Shuowen says: '傴 means 僂. Composed of 人 with 區 phonetic.' For the second character, the fanqie is [l- + ong >] lóng and [r- + u >] rǔ. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: '僂 means to hunch upwards.' The Kaosheng says: 'Bowing the body; that is, stooped and bent.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Composed of 人 with 婁 phonetic.' The sūtra writes 僂, which is a vulgar character.

55.73

鈇質 ('chopping block and axe'): For the first character, the fanqie is [f- + u >] fǔ and [w- + u >] wú; it is also pronounced fǔ. The Gongyang zhuan says: 'He could not bear to apply the punishment of the chopping block and axe.' He Xiu's commentary says: 'The punishment of execution by beheading.' The Cang Jie pian says: 'A 鈇 is an executioner's block.' The Classic of Rites says: 'In the army, the axe and broadaxe were what the former kings used to demonstrate wrath.' Furthermore, only after a feudal lord was conferred the axe and broadaxe could he execute. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Composed of 金 with 夫 phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie [zh- + en >] zhēn and [l- + i >] lì.

55.74

梟磔 ('decapitating and dismembering'): The first character has the fanqie [j- + iao >] jiǎo and [y- + ao >] yáo. The Shuowen says: '[The ancient character] represents an inverted head.' Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'Cutting off the head and hanging it upside down is 梟.' The second character has the fanqie [zh- + i >] zhì and [g- + e >] gé. The Guangya says: '磔 is like spreading apart.' The Shiji says: 'Dismembered in the marketplace.' The Shuowen says: 'Composed of 石 with 桀 phonetic.' 桀 has the fanqie [j- + i >] jié and [l- + ie >] liè. The sūtra writes 梟襟, which is incorrect.

55.75

跛躄 ('lame and crippled'): The first character has the fanqie [b- + u >] bǔ and [w- + o >] wǒ. The second character has the fanqie [b- + i >] bì and [m- + i >] mì. Gu Yewang says: '躄 means paralyzed and unable to walk.' The Gujin zhengzi says: '跛 is composed of 足 with [suì] phonetic.'

55.76

Ocean Has Eight Virtues Sūtra (No characters require phonetic or semantic glosses)

55.77

Sūtra on the Advancement in Study Spoken by the Buddha

55.78

Compiled by Huilin.

55.79

悋逆 ('stingy and refractory'): The first character has the fanqie [l- + i >] lì and [r- + en >] rèn. The Kaosheng says: 'Extremely stingy.' The Character Book says: 'Greedy.' The Gujin zhengzi says: '悋 means mean and stingy. Composed of 心 with 吝 phonetic.' 吝 has the same pronunciation as above.

55.80

洗濯 ('washing and cleansing'): The first character has the fanqie [x- + i >] xī and [l- + i >] lǐ. The second character has the fanqie [zh- + uang >] zhuàng and [j- + iao >] jiǎo. The Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: '濯 is like cleansing.' It also says: 'That by which heat is dispelled.' The Guangya says: 'To wash.' Gu Yewang says: 'To bathe.' The Shuowen says: '濯 means to wash clothes. Composed of 水 with 翟 phonetic.' 撞 has the fanqie [zh- + uo >] zhuó and [j- + iang >] jiāng. 澣 has the fanqie [h- + uan >] huǎn. 翟 has the same pronunciation as above.

55.81

Sūtra on King Śuddhodana's Nirvāṇa Spoken by the Buddha

55.82

Compiled by Huilin.

55.83

煒煒 ('radiant and bright'): The fanqie is [w- + ei >] wěi and [g- + ui >] guǐ. The Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: '煒煒 describes a red appearance.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'The blaze of fire is flourishing.' The Shuowen says: 'Magnificently bright. Composed of 火 with 韋 phonetic.'

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煩躁 ('troubled and agitated'): The second character has the fanqie [z- + ao >] zāo and [d- + ao >] dào. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: '躁 means disturbance.' Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Analects says: 'Unquiet.' Gu Yewang says: '躁 is like motion.' The Rules of Posthumous Names say: 'Fond of disturbing and shifting the people is called 躁.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Composed of 足 with 喿 phonetic.' 喿 has the fanqie [x- + ian >] xiān and [z- + ao >] zào.

55.85

坌者 ('one covered in dust'): The first character has the fanqie [p- + en >] pén and [m- + en >] mèn. The Tongsu wen says: 'Floating dust is called 坌.' The Shuowen says: '坌 means dust. Composed of 土 with 分 phonetic.' It is also written as 坋.

55.86

㨑拔 ('grabbing and pulling out'): For the first character, the fanqie is [z- + ong >] zǒng and [g- + ong >] gōng. The Kaosheng says: 'To seize and clutch.' The Wenzi jilüe says: '㨑 means pulling and dragging each other.' Yan Qian's Tongsu wen says: 'Grasping the head is called 㨑. Composed of 手 and 㚇.' 㚇 is pronounced zōng. For the second character, the fanqie is [p- + ai >] pái and [b- + a >] bá. The Classic of Changes says: 'Pulling up cogon grass along with its intertwined roots.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Composed of 手 with 犮 phonetic.' 犮 has the fanqie [p- + u >] pú and [m- + o >] mò.

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目䀹 ('eyelashes'): The second character has the fanqie [j- + ian >] jiān and [y- + e >] yè. The Shiji says: 'The eye can see a fine autumn hair but cannot see its own eyelashes.' The Kaosheng says: '䀹 are the hairs upon the eyelids.' The Rites of Zhou says: 'The eyes do not blink (䀹).' The Shuowen says: 'Composed of 目 with 夾 phonetic.' The sūtra writes 睫, which is a vulgar character.

55.88

Sūtra on the Khakkhara as a Ladder for Attaining the Path

55.89

Compiled by Huilin.

55.90

偏袒 ('baring one shoulder'): For the first character, the fanqie is [p- + i >] pǐ and [m- + ian >] mián. For the second character, the fanqie is [d- + a >] dá and [d- + an >] dàn. The Erya says: '袒 and 裼 mean baring the flesh.' The Shuowen says: 'Composed of 衣 with 旦 phonetic.' 裼 is pronounced xī.

55.91

敷演 ('expounding and elaborating'): For the first character, the fanqie is [f- + u >] fǔ and [w- + u >] wú. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Classic of Documents says: '敷 means to spread out; it is also like expanding.' The Hanshi waizhuan says: 'It means great.' The Shuowen says: '敷 means to disperse. Composed of 攴 with 尃 phonetic.' 尃 is pronounced pǔ. 攴 has the fanqie [p- + u >] pǔ and [b- + u >] bū. For the second character, the fanqie is [y- + an >] yán and [d- + ian >] diǎn. The Kaosheng says: '演 is like broadening.' The Shuowen says: 'Composed of 水 with [yí] phonetic.'

55.92

醒也 ('sobering up'): The fanqie is [x- + ing >] xīng and [t- + ing >] tǐng. The Guoyu says: 'When drunk he is angry, when sober he is pleased.' Gu Yewang says: 'The dissipation of drunkenness is called 醒.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Composed of 酉 with 星 phonetic.'

55.93

King Virūḍhaka Sūtra

55.94

Compiled by Xuanying.

55.95

樓由: The name of a wrestler (malla). Here it is explained as meaning 'receiving', or as meaning 'desire'.

55.96

剗足 ('severing the feet'): Also written as 鏟; identical. The fanqie is [ch- + u >] chū and [j- + ian >] jiǎn. The Guangya says: '剗 means to pare down.' The Shenglei says: '剗 means to level.'

55.97

夷滅 ('exterminated and wiped out'): The fanqie is [y- + u >] yú and [zh- + i >] zhī. The Zuozhuan says: 'Weeded and eradicated (芟夷).' Du Yu says: '夷 means to kill; it also means to destroy.' The Guangya says: '夷 means to annihilate.'

55.98

愶將 ('intimidating and leading'): The fanqie is [x- + u >] xū and [y- + e >] yè. The Fangyan says: '愶 and 䦧 mean fear; that is, using force and power to cause mutual terror.' For 䦧, Guo Pu gives the fanqie [h- + u >] hū and [g- + e >] gé. The Guangya says: '愶 means cowardice.' The Gongyang zhuan says: '愶干齊.' Liu Zhao says: '愶 means to intimidate and coerce.' Nowadays it is usually written as 脅.

55.99

進邁 ('advancing and travelling onward'): The fanqie is [m- + o >] mò and [j- + ie >] jiè. The Shuowen says: '邁 means to journey afar.' The Guangya says: '邁 means to go.'

55.100

饕穢 ('gluttonous and foul'): The fanqie is [t- + u >] tǔ and [d- + ao >] dāo. Craving wealth is called 饕; craving food is called 餮. In our view, 饕 also means greedy; it is a general term. The Shuowen says that the vulgar form is written as 叨.

55.101

臚脹 ('swollen abdomen'): The first character has the fanqie [l- + i >] lì and [zh- + u >] zhū. A bloated belly is called 臚; it refers to that by which the heart and navel are nourished. 臚 also means skin/belly. The second character is also written as 痮; identical. The fanqie is [zh- + u >] zhū and [l- + iang >] liàng; it means the belly being distended.

55.102

𮚐贈 ('funerary gifts'): For the first character, the fanqie is [f- + u >] fū and [f- + eng >] fèng. It refers to items sent to assist in mourning; chariots and horses [sent for mourning] are called 𮚐. The Lesser Oya says: 'When starving to death, giving aid is called 𮚐.' The Baihu tong says: '𮚐 means rushing (fù); that by which one rushes to assist.' The second character has the fanqie [z- + ai >] zài and [d- + eng >] dèng. Valued goods [given] are called 贈; they are that by which one assists the living, sees off the dead, cherishes remembrance, and honours the end. 贈 means to send off; it also means to increase.

55.103

號咷 ('wailing and crying aloud'): The fanqie is [t- + u >] tú and [l- + ao >] láo. 號咷 means weeping loudly. The Classic of Changes says: 'First wailing and weeping aloud, and afterwards laughing.' This is it.

55.104

殪入 ('slain and collapsed'): In ancient script, it is written as [壹-豆+((歹*匕)/土)]; identical. The fanqie is [y- + u >] yú and [j- + i >] jì. The Erya says: '殪 means death.' The Classic of Documents says: 'Slew (殪) the great lord of Yin.' Kong Anguo says: '殪 means to kill; it also means to eliminate completely.' The Hanshu yinyi says: 'To die from a single shot is called 殪.'

55.105

荄枯 ('withered roots'): The fanqie is [g- + u >] gǔ and [l- + ai >] lái. The Fangyan says: 'In Eastern Qi, roots are called 荄.' The Shuowen says: 'The roots of grass.'

55.106

傷斃 ('mortally injured'): In ancient script, there are the two forms 斃 and 弊; nowadays it is written as 弊; identical. The fanqie is [p- + i >] pí and [sh- + i >] shì. The Shuowen says: '弊 means to collapse; to fall prostrate; it also means to sever.'

55.107

驍勇 ('valiant and brave'): The fanqie is [g- + u >] gǔ and [y- + ao >] yáo. The Guangya says: '驍 means robust; it also means brave and fierce.' The Shuowen says: 'The name of an excellent and swift horse.' The sūtra text writes 膠, with the fanqie [g- + u >] gǔ and [y- + ao >] yáo. 窅膠 means uneven; 膠 does not fit the character's meaning here. 窅 has the fanqie [w- + u >] wū and [n- + iao >] niǎo.

55.108

槯杠 ('flagstaff'): 杠 is pronounced jiāng. It is the staff of a banner. The Guangya says: 'The Son of Heaven's banner staff is nine fathoms tall, and its twelve pennants reach the ground.' The sūtra text writes 仾, which is an error.

55.109

韅襵 ('back-strap and harness-fold'): The first character is also written as 𩎌; identical. The fanqie is [h- + u >] hū and [j- + ian >] jiàn. The Zuozhuan says: 'Jin's seven hundred chariots had their 𩎌, traces, breastplates, and hobbles.' Du Yu says: 'What is on the back is called 𩎌; on the chest is called traces; on the neck is called breastplate; on the feet is called hobble.' For the second character, 襵, the fanqie is [zh- + i >] zhī and [sh- + e >] shè.

55.110

帶𩌹 ('belly-band and girth'): Also written as 䩙; identical. The fanqie is [h- + uo >] huǒ and [j- + ian >] jiàn. It is what is fastened beneath the horse's flank. The Shiming says: '𩌹 means passing horizontally across under its belly.' The Cang Jie pian glosses 韅 as a horse's belly-girth.

55.111

射珥 ('shooting-rings / ear-ornaments'): The fanqie is [r- + u >] rú and [zh- + i >] zhì. The Cang Jie pian says: 'Pearls in the ear; an earring suspending a pearl.' The Verses of Chu says: 'Stroking the long sword with jade pommel-ornaments (珥).' Wang Yi says: '珥 means the sword guard (tsuba).' It is pronounced [y- + u >] yú and [ch- + en >] chén. The Shenglei says: 'The mouth of a sword.'

55.112

毛睫 ('eyelashes'): Also written as 䀹; identical. The fanqie is [z- + i >] zǐ and [y- + e >] yè. The Shuowen says: 'The hair beside the eye.'

55.113

怖駭 ('terrified and alarmed'): The fanqie is [h- + u >] hú and [y- + ai >] yái. The Cang Jie pian says: '駭 means startled.' The Guangya says: '駭 means to flee in panic.'

55.114

剋捷 ('achieving victory'): The fanqie is [c- + i >] cí and [l- + ie >] liè. The Classic of Poetry says: 'In one month, three victories (捷).' The Commentary says: '捷 means victory; it also means capture. When an army wins victory, it is called 捷.'

55.115

不訾 ('inestimable'): Also written as 𤶘; identical. The fanqie is [z- + i >] zǐ and [y- + i >] yí. 訾 means to measure. The Shuowen says: 'To consider and weigh sound is called 訾; 訾 means to consider.'

55.116

喟然 ('sighing deeply'): Also written as 𤶘; identical. It has the two fanqie [k- + ou >] kǒu + [k- + ui >] kuì and [k- + ou >] kǒu + [g- + uai >] guài. The Shuowen says: 'A deep breath.' The Analects has: 'Yan Yuan sighed deeply (喟然).' He Yan says: '喟 is the sound of a sigh.'

55.117

格上 ('upon the rack'): The fanqie is [j- + ia >] jiā and [y- + e >] é. The Cang Jie pian says: 'A 格 is a clothes rack (椸).' A 椸 is a rack or frame.

55.118

Sūtra on Sumāgadhā Spoken by the Buddha

55.119

Compiled by Huilin.

55.120

鐵鍱 ('iron plates'): For the first character, the fanqie is [t- + ian >] tiān and [j- + ie >] jié. The Shuowen says: 'Black metal. Composed of 金 with 𢧜 phonetic.' 𢧜 is pronounced dié. The sūtra writes it with 隹 as 䥫, which is a vulgar character. For the second character, the fanqie is [y- + an >] yán and [j- + ie >] jiè. Non-Buddhists of wrong view claimed: 'My wisdom fills my belly, and fearing it might overflow, I wrap my belly with iron plates.' Popularly in those days, such a person was called 'the belly-burdened one' (Sachin); this must be it.

55.121

邠坻: The fanqie is [b- + i >] bǐ and [p- + in >] pín; the second character has the sound [d- + ing >] dīng and [x- + i >] xī. It is Sanskrit (Anāthapiṇḍada/Piṇḍada). The name of a great elder (śreṣṭhin), who resided in the city of Śrāvastī.

55.122

梟獸 ('ferocious beasts'): For the first character, the fanqie is [j- + iao >] jiǎo and [y- + ao >] yáo. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: 'The 梟 is an ill-omened crying bird.' The Shuowen says: 'A bird's head upon a tree; an associative compound character.' The second character is the standard form of the character 獸 ('beast').

55.123

縫縷 ('sewing threads'): For the first character, the fanqie is [f- + u >] fú and [m- + eng >] méng. The Rites of Zhou says: 'The female attendants manage tailoring and sewing.' The Shuowen says: '縫 means to mend and stitch clothes with a needle. Composed of 糸 with 逢 phonetic.' For the second character, the fanqie is [l- + i >] lì and [zh- + u >] zhǔ. Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya says: '縷 means connecting and holding together.' The Shuowen says: '縷 is like thread (綫). Composed of 糸 with 婁 phonetic.' 綫 has the fanqie [x- + ian >] xiān and [j- + ian >] jiàn.

55.124

澌𨚗 (The first character has the fanqie *x[i] + [j]ì*. It is Sanskrit).

55.125

黠人 (The first character has the fanqie *x[ián] + [b]ā*. Guo's commentary on the Fangyan states: "*Xia* means wise and perceptive." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is analyzed as semantic 黑 ('black') and phonetic 吉).

55.126

Sūtra on King Bimbisāra's Five Vows

55.127

Compiled by Huilin

55.128

萍比沙 (The first character has the fanqie *b[ìng] + [m]íng*. It is Sanskrit).

55.129

鷂山 (Has the fanqie *y[áo] + [zh]ào*).

55.130

問遺 (The second character has the fanqie *y[ú] + [j]ì*. The Guangya states: "*Yi* is like to give; *wen* is like to present a gift." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is analyzed as semantic 辵 ('walk') and phonetic 責).

55.131

刮洒 (The first character has the fanqie *g[uān] + [b]ā*. Zheng's commentary on the Liji states: "*Gua* is like to scrape." The Guangya states: "It means to diminish." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is analyzed as semantic 刀 ('knife') and phonetic 舌. The second character has the fanqie *x[ī] + [d]ǐ*. Han Kangbo's commentary on the Zhouyi states: "To wash and drench one's mind." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It means to cleanse." It is analyzed as semantic 水 ('water') and phonetic 西. It is sometimes written as 滷, which is an ancient form of 洗).

55.132

窯家 (The first character is pronounced *yáo*. The Shuowen jiezi states: "A *yao* is an oven for firing earthen tiles. It is analyzed as semantic 穴 ('hole') and phonetic 羔." In the sūtra text it is written with semantic 宀 as 窯, which is a vulgar and corrupt form. 宀 is pronounced *mián*).

55.133

纔足 (The first character is pronounced *cái*. The Kaosheng states: "*Cai* is like temporary or brief." Gu Yewang states: "*Cai* means barely able to." The Guangya states: "*Jin* is like few or little").

55.134

鍜金 (The first character has the fanqie *d[uān] + [l]uàn*. The Cangjie pian states: "*Duan* means to hammer." The Shuowen jiezi states: "*Duan* is like small-scale smelting. It is analyzed as semantic 金 ('metal') and phonetic 叚." 椎 has the fanqie *zh[í] + [zh]uī*).

55.135

犇𧺆 (The first character has the fanqie *b[ěn] + [m]én*. The Kaosheng states: "*Ben* means a herd of cattle." It is also written as 奔. The second character has the fanqie *z[é] + [g]ǒu*. The Shuowen jiezi states: "*Zou* means to scurry. It is analyzed as semantic 夭 and semantic 止").

55.136

以角 (In the sūtra text it is written as 已, which is an error. We consider that in striking and butting with horns, the appropriate character is 以; *yi* is like 'to use').

55.137

觸抵 (The first character has the fanqie *ch[ōng] + [zh]ú*. The Guangya states: "*Chu* is like to butt." Kong's commentary on the Lunyu states: "Wild and reckless butting and goring." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is analyzed as semantic 角 ('horn') and phonetic 蜀. 揬 has the fanqie *zh[ūn] + [m]ò*. The second character has the fanqie *d[īng] + [l]ǐ*).

55.138

Sūtra of the Impoverished Old Man

55.139

Compiled by Huilin

55.140

杬邈然 (The first character has the fanqie *k[āng] + [l]àng*. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing states: "*Wan* is like to raise." Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan states: "*Wan* means to oppose." The Guangya states: "To screen and obstruct." The second character has the fanqie *m[áng] + [b]ō*).

55.141

腥臊 (The first character has the fanqie *x[ī] + [d]īng*. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: "*Xing* means foul-smelling." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is analyzed as semantic 肉 ('flesh') and phonetic 生. In the sūtra text it is written as 腥, which is a vulgar character. The second character has the fanqie *s[ǎo] + [l]áo*. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli states: "*Sao* is the rank smell of swine fat." The Gujin zhengzi states that it is analyzed as semantic 肉 ('flesh') and phonetic 喿. 喿 has the fanqie *s[āo] + [d]ào*. Character glossaries also write it with semantic 魚 ('fish') as 鱢, which is also acceptable).

55.142

Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha on Resolute Intention

55.143

Compiled by Huilin

55.144

憒憒 (Has the fanqie *hu[í] + [d]uì*. The Kaosheng states: "*Kui* means agitated, distressed, and melancholy." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It means confused. It is analyzed as semantic 心 ('heart/mind') and semantic 貴").

55.145

𦳊𡲘 (The first character has the fanqie *sh[ī] + [ě]r*. The Zhuangzi states: "Holding *shi* in a basket." The Gujin zhengzi states: "*Shi* is [rice-based food residue]. It is analyzed as semantic 艸 ('grass') and abbreviated semantic [鬯-匕+((氘-气)@二)]; it is a mutually explanatory character." It is also written as [尸@耗]. 𭫮 has the fanqie *f[ēn] + [w]èn*. 艸 is pronounced *cǎo*. 胃 is the orthodox character for 'stomach'. The second character has the fanqie *n[í] + [d]iào*. The Shuowen jiezi states: "*Niao* means human urine. It is analyzed as semantic 㞑 and phonetic 水." In the sūtra text they are written as 屎 and 尿, both of which are vulgar characters).

55.146

攘禍 (The first character has the fanqie *r[àng] + [y]áng*. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing states: "*Rang* means to eliminate." Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci states: "To reject and cast out." Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli states: "To repel." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is analyzed as semantic 手 ('hand') and phonetic 襄. The second character has the fanqie *h[ú] + [w]ò*. In ancient-script characters it is written with semantic 歹 as 𣨱. 歹 is pronounced like [歹*又]; its orthodox pronunciation has the fanqie *[w]ǔ + [g]ē*).

55.147

Sūtra on the Origin of [the Bodhisattva's] Practice, Fascicle One

55.148

Compiled by Xuanying

55.149

曲蟺 (Pronounced *shàn*. That is to say, an earthworm (qiuyin); it is also called *mishan*, and east of the Yangtze it is called *hanyin*. The Erya states: "*Qianyin* is the *jīntiān*." That is this. 螼 has the fanqie *qi[āng] + [y]ǐn*. 蚓 is pronounced *yǐn*. 蜸 has the fanqie *k[ǔ] + [xi]ǎn*. 蚕 has the fanqie *t[ā] + [di]ǎn*).

55.150

熊[(口*〡*口)/兀] (Has the fanqie *x[ú] + [z]ǐ*. The Erya states that a rhinoceros (*si*) resembles an ox. The commentary states: "It has a single horn, is green-black in colour, and weighs a thousand catties").

55.151

擭持 (Has the fanqie *y[ū] + [g]uò*. The Guangya states: "*Huo* means to grasp." That is to say, seizing and taking it. *Huo* is also *yi*. 榏 has the fanqie *y[ū] + [g]é*).

55.152

砰大 (Has the fanqie *p[ǔ] + [m]éng*. The Zidian states: "*Peng* means a loud sound." The Guangya states: "*Peng* means sound." The sūtra text writes 軯, which is the name of a carriage; 軯 does not have this meaning).

55.153

Fascicle Two (Previously not glossed for sounds and meanings)

55.154

Sūtra on the Auspicious Portents of the Crown Prince's Origin, Fascicle One

55.155

Compiled by Xuanying

55.156

錢雇 (In texts this is generally written as 顧; the pronunciation is the same, with the fanqie *gu[āng] + [h]ù*. *Gu* is like words for repaying, compensating, and returning remuneration; it refers to obtaining something by giving money. In the Hanshu, "repeatedly hired and disbursed gold and coins," Wen Ying states: "This means using gold and coins to hire oneself out." In the Hou Hanshu, "selling offices, giving the rank of Guanneihou to anyone who hired it for five hundred ren," both are examples of this).

55.157

即探 (Has the fanqie *t[ā] + [h]án*. The Erya states: "*Tan* means to take." The commentary states: "It means feeling and taking." The Shuowen jiezi states: "*Tan* means to reach far and take." It also means to test; to try and test something).

55.158

享之 (Has the fanqie *x[ū] + [zh]ǎng*. The Shangshu states: "Whether there be any who do not make offering (xiang)." Kong Anguo says: "Presenting to a superior is called *xiang*." It also means to entertain).

55.159

復饗 (Has the fanqie *x[ū] + [zh]ǎng*. It refers to performing ritual hospitality by serving drinks to guests; furthermore, adding thick soup and rice is called *xiang*. *Xiang* also means to encourage and urge).

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椸架 (Also written as 箷; in the Picang it is written as 拖; both have the fanqie *y[ú] + [zh]ī*. A bamboo pole is called an *yi*; an *yi* can be used to hang clothes. The Cangjie pian states: "A *tuo* is a rack; it is also a clothes pole." In the sūtra text it is written as 䔟, pronounced with the fanqie *y[ì] + [zh]ī*).

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風霽 (Has the fanqie *z[ǐ] + [y]ì*. The Shuowen jiezi states: "*Ji* means to cease." Nowadays, people of Nanyang refer to rain stopping as *ji*).

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畺場 (In ancient script there are the two forms 疅 and 畺; nowadays it is written as 彊; both have the fanqie *j[ǐ] + [l]iáng*. *Jiang* means boundary. The second character has the fanqie *zh[àng] + [l]iáng*, and also *y[ǐ] + [ch]ì*. The Mao Shijing has: "The boundaries and divisions (*jiangchang*) are well arranged." The commentary states: "*Chang* means boundary; it means *chuai*." The Guangya states: "*Jiangchang* means boundary." 啜 is pronounced with the fanqie *zh[ū] + [w]èi*; it refers to the path between two ridges in a field).

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難暨 (The ancient-script form is written as 泉; the pronunciation is the same, with the fanqie *q[í] + [q]ì*. *Ji* means to reach; it means to arrive; it means together with).

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[疏-(梳-木)+委]傷 (Has the fanqie *w[ū] + [w]ò*. The Tongsu wen states: "Spraining and injuring a foot is called *wo*." The Cangjie pian states: "Twisting one's foot is *wo*." In the Shiji, "A sprained person does not forget to stand up," this is it. The sūtra text writes 涴, which is not the correct form).

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入笱 (Has the fanqie *g[ū] + [h]òu*. This refers to a woven bamboo trap for catching fish, called a *sun*. The Erya mentions the "widow's fish trap (sun)", and the Shijing says: "Do not open my fish trap (sun)." That is this. The character is analyzed as semantic 竹 ('bamboo') and phonetic 句).

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賁識 (Has the fanqie *b[ǐ] + [j]ì*. The name of a spirit of the five realms of rebirth. According to the character's meaning, the Zhouyi states: "*Bi* means adornment." It also states: "*Bi* means colorless").

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噢咿 (The first character has the fanqie *y[ū] + [l]iù*. The second character has the fanqie *y[ū] + [q]í*. The Picang states: "*Ouyi* means inward grief." It refers to the sound of sorrowful contemplation).

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喁喁 (Has the fanqie *y[ú] + [xi]ōng*. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Many mouths appearing on the surface." The Huainanzi states: "Among all living beings, none failed to gasp and look up (*yongyong*) in admiration of his virtue." That is this. The sūtra text writes 顒, which is not the correct meaning of the character).

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隱遁 (Nowadays written in the two forms 遽 and 𨔵; both have the fanqie *t[ú] + [d]ùn*. The Guangya states: "*Dun* means to avoid; to depart." The Shuowen jiezi states: "*Dun* means to relocate; it also means to retreat and return; to flee").

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和埴 (Has the fanqie *sh[í] + [l]ì*. The Shangshu states: "Its soil was red, clayey (*zhi*), and light." Kong Anguo states: "Moist soil is called *zhi*." The Shiming states: "*Zhi* means greasy; greasy like a fetus").

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𧼳踔 (Has the two fanqie *ch[ǒu] + [b]ái* and *ch[ǒu] + [ji]ǎo*. The character should properly be written as 𧼳; a half step is called *zhao*).

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Fascicle Two

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栽蘖 (The ancient script has the three forms 𣡌, 㮆, and 不; all have the fanqie *[w]ǔ + [g]ē*. The Erya states: "*Nie* means remainder; it means to carry." This means that the remaining wood produces shoots (*nie*), which are new sprouts (*zai*)).

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喑唶 (Also written as 諳; both have the fanqie *y[ū] + [j]ìn*. The second character is also written as 諎; both have the fanqie *z[ǐ] + [y]è*. The Shuowen jiezi states: "*Yinjie* means a loud voice." The Shenglei states: "*Yinjie* means shouting loudly").

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Sūtra on Past and Present Causes and Effects, Fascicle One

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Compiled by Xuanying

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旆兜 (Has the fanqie *p[ú] + [d]ài*. A country's name. The accurate rendering is Kapilavastu. Translated, *Kapila* means reddish-brown (*cangse*), and *vastu* means dwelling place (*zhuchu*)).

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苗裔 (The ancient-script form is written as [衣/凡]; it has the same fanqie *y[ú] + [zh]ì*. The Shuowen jiezi states: "[衣/凡] is the hem of a garment." Taking descendants as *miaoyi* derives from the sense of hanging down. *Yi* also means distant. The character is analyzed as semantic 衣 ('garment') and semantic 冏, which has the fanqie *n[ǚ] + [h]uá*).

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自禁 (Has the two fanqie *j[ì] + [l]ín* and *j[ū] + [zh]èn*. *Jin* is like to regulate; to stop. It means exercising restraint and not giving free rein).

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鳳翳 (Has the fanqie *y[ū] + [l]ì*. The Shanhai jing states: "In the Northern Sea there is Mount She. On the mountain there is a bird of five colors; when it flies, it conceals the sun, and is named the *yī* bird." The Guangya states: "It belongs to the phoenix family").

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孕婦 (The ancient-script character is 𣎜; the pronunciation is the same, with the fanqie *y[ú] + [zh]èng*. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Carrying a child in the womb." The Guangya states: "*Yun* means pregnancy; it refers to conceiving and bearing a child." Enclosing fruit/substance is called *yun*. The character is analyzed as semantic 子 ('child') and semantic 乃).

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怵惕 (The first character has the fanqie *ch[ǐ] + [l]ǜ*. The Shangshu states: "Trembling and fearful (*chuti*), as if in peril." Kong Anguo states: "*Chuti* means harboring fear; it also means grieved and alarmed." The Shuowen jiezi states: "*Chu* means fearful." The second character is also written as 悐; both have the fanqie *t[ā] + [d]í*. *Ti* means frightened).

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蒼頭 (Hanshu: "*Cangtou* (gray-heads)." Ying Shao states: "Qin called the common people *qianshou* (black heads); *qian* means black, and *shou* means head. Male slaves were called *cangtou* (gray-heads) because [their headwear] was not pure black, thereby distinguishing them from ordinary free persons").

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Fascicle Two

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Physical strength (旅力: fanqie 力舉. Fangyan: In Song and Lu, strength is called 旅 [lǚ]; 旅 means strength in the fields. Guo Pu states: "It refers to plowing and tilling." The Classic of Poetry says: "Physical strength (旅力) was just robust," which is this).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese