一切經音義 74

English (machine translation) 74

Language: English

74.1

Sounds for:
Buddhacarita-sūtra, five fascicles (Xuanying)
Buddhacaritasaṃgraha-sūtra, seven fascicles (previously glossed by Xuanying; re-glossed by Huilin)
Avadānaśataka-sūtra, ten fascicles (Xuanying)
Udānavarga-sūtra, twenty-five fascicles (Xuanying)
Damamūkanidāna-sūtra, fifteen fascicles (Xuanying)
Saṅgharakṣitasaṃgraha, three fascicles (Huilin)
The above six collections, total sixty-five fascicles, share the sounds of this fascicle.

74.2

Buddhacarita-sūtra, Fascicle One

74.3

Compiled by Xuanying

74.4

眙屬 (Staring intently; [fanqie:] zhi + zhu. The Tongsu wen says: "To gaze straight ahead is called chī." The sūtra text writes 瞪, with the fanqie zhi + geng; both forms are used interchangeably. 屬 is pronounced with the fanqie yi + zheng).

74.5

網縵 (Webbed [membranous]; the character form is 鞔; [fanqie:] mo + pan. 鞔 means covering. The sūtra text writes 𥊑 or 僈; both forms are incorrect).

74.6

迢遰 (Far and distant; [fanqie:] tu + diao; the second character has the fanqie tu + di. Zuo Si's 'Wudu fu' says: "Gazing widely into the distance, far and remote." Liu Kui says: "Tiáodì means looking far into the distance, utterly separated").

74.7

扈從 (Retinue / following attendants; [fanqie:] hu + gu. Hù means broad and great; it also means making someone tend horses).

74.8

顉頭 (Nodding/shaking the head; [fanqie:] wu + gan. The Guangya says: "To shake the head." The Shuowen says: "To bow the head." The sūtra text writes 頷, which is incorrect).

74.9

脚聯 (Feet continuous/interlinked; nowadays written as 連, the same; [fanqie:] li + ran. Mutually joined and continuous. The Shenglei says: "Continuous without interruption." The Shuowen says: "Lián is simply 連; to join and reach to").

74.10

侹直 (Stiff and straight; [fanqie:] ta + ding. 侹直: the Shuowen says: "The appearance of being long." Tǐngtǐng means straight and upright).

74.11

車軾 (Carriage crossbar; [fanqie:] shu + yi. The crossbar is three feet three inches high. The Shuowen says: "The crossbar is the front railing of a carriage." The Yili says: "The lord leaned on his crossbar." Zheng Xuan says: "In ancient times people rode standing and leaned on the crossbar, meaning bowing slightly to pay respect to the host").

74.12

形𮒸 (Despicable appearance; [fanqie:] si + lie. Despicable and mean. 𢌀 means soiled; casual clothes for private living, not garments for official gatherings, are also called xiè).

74.13

勗勵 (Exhort and encourage; [fanqie:] xu + yu. Xù means to encourage and urge. The Fangyan states: "Qi and Lu refer to urging as xù." Zīlì means to mutually exhort and encourage).

74.14

Fascicle Two

74.15

睒睗 (Glancing around; [fanqie:] shi + dian; the second character has the fanqie shi + yi. Shǎnshì means momentarily peeping and looking unsettled. The sūtra text writes 郝, which is incorrect).

74.16

襤褸 (Ragged and tattered; in ancient script written 懢 or 𧟋, pronounced the same; [fanqie:] li + gan. It refers to ruined clothing. Whenever people's clothes are torn, ugly, and worn out, they are called lánlǚ).

74.17

不躅 (Does not tread/leave tracks; also written 䠱, pronounced the same; [fanqie:] chi + lu. The Hanshu yinyi says: "Tracks and footprints are called zhú." In the Sanfu region, places where cattle's hooves tread are called zhú).

74.18

綢繆 (Tightly bound/intertwined; [fanqie:] zhi + liu. The Shijing says: "Tightly bound is the bundle of firewood." The Commentary says: "Chóumóu is like intertwined." The Guangya says: "Chóu means to enfold, to wrap." 韜 is pronounced with the fanqie tu + lao).

74.19

Fascicle Three

74.20

樊籠 (Cage; [fanqie:] fu + yuan. Checking the matter: fán is simply a cage. Zhuangzi says: "The marsh pheasant does not pray to be fed in a cage," which is this. Fán means an enclosure/fence).

74.21

轟轟 (Rumbling; [fanqie:] hu + meng. The Shuowen says: "The sound of many carriages").

74.22

呼呷 (Gulping/flapping; [fanqie:] hu + jia. The Shuowen says: "Xiā means to inhale." The 'Zixu fu' says: "Flapping and billowing, kingfisher-bright." The Yinyi says: "The clothing rising and spreading open." The sūtra text sometimes writes 虓呷; 虓 is pronounced with the fanqie hu + jiao).

74.23

裂眥 (Rending the eye-corners; [fanqie:] zai + ji. The Shuowen says: "The rim of the eye." The Shiji writes 睚眦, with the fanqie wu + mai and cai + mai, meaning the appearance of glaring with eyes wide open. The Hanshu writes 厓眥; both have this meaning. The Huainanzi saying: "Glares with eyes wide and rends the eye-corners" is this).

74.24

潠毒 (Spurting poison; [fanqie:] su + men. The Tongsu wen says: "Water surging forth is called xùn." The Picang says: "Xùn means to spurt [pēn]." The sūtra text writes 𠹀, which is incorrect. 歕 is pronounced with the fanqie pu + men).

74.25

為軔 (Acts as a wheel-chock; also written 杒, pronounced the same; [fanqie:] ru + zhen. The Shuowen says: "To obstruct a carriage." The Chuci says: "Every morning I removed the wheel-chock." Wang Yi says: "Rèn is the wood that blocks the wheel").

74.26

風霽 (feng ji; ji is [zi + yi] fan; the Shuowen says: 'The rain ceasing'; the Erya commentary states: 'People of Nanyang call the ceasing of rain ji').

74.27

Fascicle Four

74.28

羽葆 (feather canopy; [bao] is sometimes written with radical yu over mian, the same; [bu + dao] fan; it means gathering five-coloured feathers together into a canopy; the 'feather canopy' (yubao) in the Hanshu is this).

74.29

火鎔 (fire mould; [yu + zhong] fan; the Shuowen says: 'A mould for casting utensils'; the Hanshu has 'like metal in the mould' (rong), and Ying [Shao] notes: 'It is an iron mould').

74.30

Fascicle Five

74.31

冠衮 (cap and ceremonial robe; [gun is gu + ben] fan; the Erya says: 'Gun is fu'; Guo Pu notes: 'Gun robes bear the fu pattern; they are dark robes painted with dragons'; in the scripture text it is written with bi over shi, which is incorrect; fu is [fu + wu] fan).

74.32

崦嵫 (Mount Yanzi; [yan] is also written with radical shan over yan, the same, [yi + lian] fan; the second word [zi] is [zi + ci] fan; the Shanhaijing states: '360 li west of Mount Niaoshu-tongxue there is a mountain named Yanzi, where the sun sets'; the Chuci says: 'I look toward Yanzi and hasten not'; Wang Yi notes: 'A mountain name; below it is the water of Haoshui, where the sun sets into the Abyss of Yu').

74.33

迄于 (reaching up to; [qi is xu + qi] fan; the Erya says: 'Qi means to arrive').

74.34

Fo benxing zan zhuan (Narrative of Praises of the Buddha's Former Deeds), one work in seven fascicles.

74.35

Pronunciations and meanings by Huilin.

74.36

仙聖 (immortals and sages; the first word is [xiang + ran] fan; written as 仙 in the text is an error [for 仚/僊]).

74.37

澣濯 (washing and laundering; the first word is [hu + guan] fan; the Mao Commentary to the Shijing states: 'Huan also means to launder'; Liu Zhao's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan states: 'Removing filth is called huan'; written as 淣 in the scripture text is a vulgar graph, or mistakenly written as 浣, which is incorrect; the second word is [zhi + jiao] fan; the Guangya says: 'To wash'; the Mao Commentary says: 'To cleanse'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'water' and di; di is pronounced [zhi + ge] fan).

74.38

饕飻 (gluttonous and voracious; the first word is [tao + dao] fan; Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: 'Coveting wealth is tao'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'food' and hao; it is also written as 饕; popular script nowadays writes 叨; the second word is [ta + jie] fan; Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: 'Coveting food is tie'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'food' and zhen; the scripture text writing 餮 is a vulgar graph and is also acceptable; zhen is pronounced [zhen + ren] fan).

74.39

拍匊 (clapping and cupping; the first word is [pu + bo] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Pai means to strike with the hand'; it is composed of 'hand' and bai; the second word is [gong + liu] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Ju means curling the fingers to hold an object'; it is also written as 掬; the ancient script writes 臼; written as 毱 in the text is a vulgar graph).

74.40

狐麑 (fox and fawn; the first word sounds like hu; the second word is [wu + xi] fan; Zheng's commentary on the Liji states: 'Ni is a young deer').

74.41

躁擾 (restless and agitated; the first word is [zi + dao] fan; Zheng's commentary on the Lunyu states: 'Zao means not tranquil'; the Posthumous Titles state: 'One who delights in agitating the people is called zao'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'foot' and sao; sao is pronounced [su + dao] fan; the second word is [er + zhao] fan; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: 'Rao means disorderly'; the Shuowen says: 'Distressed'; it is composed of 'hand' and nao; nao is pronounced [nu + dao] fan; written in the text with 'hand' and you is incorrect).

74.42

法渟 (Dharma pool; the second word is [di + ding] fan; the Picang says: 'Tingting means clear, still water').

74.43

隗磊 (lofty and rugged; the first word is [wu + lei] fan; the second word is [lei + wei] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Kuilei means high in appearance'; written in the text as [long / jie] and [kui / tu] is incorrect).

74.44

牢鎧 (stout armour; the first word is [luo + dao] fan; Gu Yewang states: 'Lao means solid'; the Guangya says: 'Firm'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'ox' and zhou; zhou signifies encircled on all four sides; the second word is [kai + gai] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Armour of chain or mail').

74.45

利鏃 (sharp arrowhead; [zu is zong + mu] fan; the Erya says: 'Zu means arrowhead (di)'; the Shuowen says: 'To pierce'; piercing (ci) is pronounced [qi + si] fan).

74.46

為竿 (serving as a shaft; the second word is [ge + han] fan; it is sometimes written as 笴; written as 𠏉 in the text is incorrect).

74.47

金剛㭰 (adamantine pestle; the second word is [ji + sui] fan; written as 𭪿 in the text is a vulgar graph).

74.48

言錍 (saying pi; [pi is bi + yi] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Pi-si is the name of an axe'; si is pronounced [zi + si] fan).

74.49

黼黻 (embroidered ceremonial patterns; the first word is [fang + wu] fan; the Erya says: 'Fu means embroidered'; the Kaogongji states: 'In the art of painting and embroidery, white and black together are called fu'; Zheng's commentary on the Liji states: 'Mixing white lambskin and fox fur produces the fu pattern'; Guo's commentary on the Erya states: 'The fu pattern is drawn in the shape of an axe'; the Shuowen has it composed of zhi and fu; written as 黼 in the text is incorrect; zhi is pronounced [zhi + zhi] fan; the second word is [fang + wu] fan; the Kaogongji states: 'In the art of painting and embroidery, black and blue-green are called fu'; the Erya says: 'Fu means an emblem'; the Shangshu has: 'Fu, fu, fine cloth, and embroidery'; the Shuowen has it composed of zhi and ba; written in the text with zhi and fu is incorrect; ba is pronounced [pan + bo] fan).

74.50

歭立 (standing still; [zhi is chi + li] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Zhi means stepping forward without making progress'; it is composed of 'foot' and si; also written as 跱; written in the text with radical li as 𥩳 is incorrect).

74.51

兜術宮 (Tuṣita Palace; the first word is [dou + hou] fan; written in the text as 兜 is mistaken).

74.52

踰於 (surpassing; the first word is [yu + zhu] fan; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: 'Yu means to cross over'; the Boya says: 'Far'; also written as 逾).

74.53

鐵鍼 (iron needle; the first word is [tian + jie] fan; the Shuowen has it composed of 'metal' and nie; nie is pronounced [tian + jie] fan; written in the text as 鐵 is a vulgar graph; the second word is [zhi + lin] fan; also written as 針; properly written as 箴).

74.54

敷𱆮 (spread cleanly; the first word is [fu + wu] fan; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: 'Fu means to spread; it also means to unfold'; the Shuowen has it composed of pu and zhuan; pu is pronounced [pu + mu] fan; fu is pronounced [fu + wu] fan; the second word is [xiang + ran] fan; the Boya says: 'Fresh and fine'; dictionaries say: 'Pure').

74.55

悸愁 (startled and sorrowful; the first word is [kui + ji] fan; the Guangya says: 'Ji means agitated anger'; the Shuowen says: 'The heart throbbing').

74.56

𥬙光 (torchlight; the first word is [qu + ju] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Ju means bound straw set ablaze to shine light'; written in the text as 炬 is also identical; the second word is [guang + huang] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Radiant brightness; composed of fire above a person, meaning brightness'; written as 光 in the text is a vulgar graph).

74.57

為髖 (forming the hip; the second word is [kuo + guan] fan; the Picang says: 'Kuan means the pelvic bone'; the Guangya says: 'The buttocks'; the Picang also says: 'The buttocks'; the Shuowen says: 'The thigh'; written in the text as 臗 is also acceptable in vulgar usage; [the first component] is pronounced [wu + wan] fan; qia is pronounced [ke + ge] fan; tun is pronounced [tu + men] fan; kao is pronounced [kao + gao] fan).

74.58

駊騀 (tossing head; the first word is [bo + wo] fan; the second word is [wu + ke] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Po'e denotes the appearance of shaking the head'; written in the text as 𩢘).

74.59

晃煜 (bright and blazing; the first word is [huang + guang] fan; the Guangya says: 'Huang means splendour'; the Boya says: 'Light'; the Shuowen says: 'Bright'; the second word is [rong + zhu] fan; the Guangya says: 'Yu means blazing'; the Shuowen says: 'Radiant; composed of fire and yu'; written in the text as ri over yu is incorrect; yu is pronounced [yi + zhu] fan).

74.60

綩綖 (embroidered robe and crown band; the first word is [yu + yuan] fan; the Mao Commentary on 'embroidered robes' (wan-yi) in the Shijing states: 'Wan-yi is a lined garment'; the Cangjie pian says: 'A hat ribbon'; the second word is [yan + qian] fan; Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: 'Yan is the upper covering of a ceremonial cap'; Zheng's commentary on the Liji states: 'The top cover of a ceremonial cap'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'silk' and yan; chong is pronounced [zhi + long] fan; hong is pronounced [hu + meng] fan; mi is pronounced [mi + bi] fan).

74.61

苗裔 (descendants; [yi is yi + zhi] fan; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: 'Yi means succession'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'clothing' and jiong).

74.62

曩久 (long past; [nang is nuo + lang] fan; Jia's commentary on the Guoyu states: 'Nang means formerly'; the Erya and Shuowen gloss it identically; xiang is pronounced [xu + liang] fan).

74.63

年耆 (advanced in years; [qi is qu + yi] fan; the Liji states: 'At sixty one is called qi, directing others'; the Shuowen writing 耆 in the narrative is incorrect).

74.64

眼䀹 (eyelashes; the second word is [zi + ye] fan; the Zhuangzi says: 'Jia means the hair beside the eyes'; written in the text as 睫 is also acceptable in vulgar usage).

74.65

定鍸 (fixed vessel; [hu is shi + wu] fan; it is also identical to 瑚).

74.66

Fascicle Two of the Narrative

74.67

啁調 (mocking and bantering; the first word is [zhi + jiao] fan; the Cangjie pian says: 'Zhou also means teasing'; the Shuowen says: 'Clamour'; written as 嘲 in the text is a vulgar graph; the second word is [tiao + diao] fan; the Mao Commentary to the Shijing states: 'Tiao means bantering with words'; the Guangya says: 'Deceiving and mocking each other').

74.68

跳跟 (leaping heels; the first word is [di + liao] fan; the Cangjie pian says: 'Tiao means leaping'; Zheng's commentary on the Shangshu dazhuan states: 'It means steps unable to pass one another'; the Shuowen says: 'To leap'; the second word is [gu + en] fan; the Shiming says: 'The back of the foot is called the gen'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'foot' and gen; it is also written as 𣥦).

74.69

闌楯 (balustrade and railings; the first word is [luo + han] fan; the Cangjie pian says: 'Lan means obstructing'; the Guangya says: 'An enclosure'; the Shuowen says: 'Using wood to bar and stop people from walking improperly'; composed of 'gate' and jian; written in the text with 'wood' as 欄 is incorrect; the second word is [shi + yin] fan; the Hanshu yinyi states: 'The balustrade railings upon a hall are called shun'; the Shanglin fu also says: 'Railings'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'wood' and dun; jian is pronounced lian; dun is pronounced shun).

74.70

體皺 (body wrinkled; the second word is [ce + shou] fan; the Yunlüe says: 'Zhou means shrivelled skin gathering together'; written in the text as 皱 is a vulgar graph and is also acceptable).

74.71

上錠 (placing on the pedestal; [ding is ding + ding] fan).

74.72

蝡動 (wriggling and squirming; the first word is [run + zhun] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Ruan denotes the squirming movement of worms and crawling creatures; composed of 'insect' and ruan'; written as 𱿟 in the text is incorrect; ruan is pronounced [er + yan] fan; zhi is pronounced [chi + er] fan).

74.73

光腨 (glossy shanks; the first word is [guang + huang] fan; the second word is [chuan + nuan] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Shuan is the calf of the leg; composed of 'flesh' and zhuan'; written in the text with radical tiao and zhuan is also acceptable in vulgar usage; fei is pronounced fei; chang is pronounced [zhang + liang] fan; zhuan is pronounced [duan + luan] fan).

74.74

髀上 (upon the thigh; the first word is [pu + mi] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Bi is the outside of the thigh'; written frequently in the text as 䏶 is incorrect).

74.75

僥天 (praying to heaven; the first word is [wu + liao] fan).

74.76

駛流 (swiftly flowing; the first word is [shi + shi] fan; the Cangjie pian says: 'Shi means fast').

74.77

臂傭 (arms well-proportioned; the first word is [bei + yi] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Above the hand is the arm (bi); composed of 'flesh' and pi'; the second word is [chi + long] fan; the Erya says: 'Yong means even from top to bottom'; written as 𦟛 in the text is mistaken).

74.78

螺縮 (coiled and curled; the first word is [luo + he] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Luo means a snail'; sometimes written as 羸; written as 綶 in the text is an error; the second word is [suo + liu] fan).

74.79

強梁 (tyrannical and intractable; the second word is [li + zhang] fan; written as 諄 in the text is incorrect).

74.80

㳄洟 (saliva and snivel; the first word is [xian + yan] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Xian is oral fluid; composed of 'water' and qian'; written as 涎 in the text is a vulgar graph; also written as 𣵿; ancient script writes 𰛐; the second word is [yi + zhi] fan; the Mao Commentary to the Shijing states: 'Eye fluid is called ti; nasal fluid is called yi'; the Shuowen has it composed of 'water' and yi; the scripture text nowadays frequently writes 涕, which is defined as eye fluid and not nasal fluid).

74.81

胭匃 (throat and chest; [yan is yan + xian] fan; the Guangya says: 'Yan is the throat'; also written as 臙; ancient script writes [the character with piao without shi plus tu]; the Shuowen has it composed of 'flesh' and yin; the second word is [xu + gong] fan; the Boya says: 'Xiong means the breast'; the Shuowen says: 'The chest; composed of bao and xiong'; written in the text with 'flesh' as 胸 is a vulgar graph that is acceptable; bao is pronounced bao).

74.82

羈勒 (bridle and halter; [ji is ji + yi] fan; Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci states: 'Entwining the horse's head with ornaments is called ji'; the Boya also says: 'A horse's bridle'; the Shuowen has it composed of wang and leather; ancient script writes 馽; the second word is [li + de] fan; Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli states: 'Adorning leather with black and white in mixed colours makes a halter'; the Shuowen says: 'The horse's bit and bridle'; biao is pronounced [biao + miao] fan).

74.83

金鞘 (golden scabbard; [qiao is xiao + yao] fan; it is a regional dialect term; 'A qiao is the case for a sword or blade'; also written as 鞘; ancient script frequently writes 削).

74.84

珠弝 (jeweled bow-grip; [ba is bo + jia] fan).

74.85

炕燋 (parched and scorched; the first word is [kang + lang] fan; the Shuowen says: 'Kang means dry'; written as 亢 in the text is incorrect; the second word is [zi + yao] fan; the Guangya says: 'Jiao means damaged by fire'; the Yunlüe says: 'Dry'; the Shuowen writes 焦; ancient script writes 𤓬).

74.86

涕泣 (weeping and sobbing: the first character is pronounced 他 + 禮 fanqie; the Mao commentary to the Classic of Poetry says, "Tears and snot flow profusely"; the commentary says, "Tears coming out of the eyes"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "Ocular fluid"; the second character is 欽 + 立 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says, "Tears coming out of the eyes").

74.87

目眩 (eyes dazzled: pronounced 玄 + 麫 fanqie; the Cang Jie pian says, "Dazzled vision is not clear"; the Guangya says, "Eyes deluded"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "The eyes have no fixed master").

74.88

㸌然 (flashing: the first character is pronounced 荒 + 郭 fanqie).

74.89

𤻘疹 (heat rash: the first character is pronounced 殷 + 謹 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 真 + 忍 fanqie; the Kaosheng says, "𤻘疹 is wind rising upon the skin"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "Derived from 疒 and 㐱"; the transmitted text written with 肉 as 𭩑䏖 is incorrect; 疒 is pronounced 女 + 戹 fanqie; the full pronunciation is 真 + 忍 fanqie).

74.90

Fascicle Three

74.91

擔輦 (carrying on a shoulder-pole or cart: the first character is pronounced 耽 + 濫 fanqie; character dictionaries state, "To bear things on the shoulders"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 手, 詹, and that forms with 木 are incorrect; the second character is pronounced 連 + 展 fanqie; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says, "Conveying a person is called 輦"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "A hand-pulled cart; derived from 㚘 and 車, pulling in front of the cart"; 㚘 is pronounced 伴).

74.92

虺蛻 (slough of a viper: the first character is pronounced 暉 + 鬼 fanqie; Guo's commentary to the Erya says, "The viper's body is three inches wide, its head as large as a man's thumb; now it is also called the belly-viper, which is this"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 虫 and 兀; the second character is pronounced 吐 + 外 fanqie; the Zilin says, "Cicadas and snakes shedding their skins is called 蛻"; 虫 is pronounced 許 + 鬼 fanqie).

74.93

勦疾 (nimble and swift: pronounced 助 + 㕛 fanqie; the Mao commentary to the Classic of Poetry says, "勦 means light and swift"; the Boya says, "Vigorous").

74.94

雜粈 (mixed together: the second character is pronounced 女 + 救 fanqie; Zheng's commentary to the Yili says, "粈 also means mixed"; the Erya and the Shuowen jiezi give the same gloss; the transmitted text has 糅, which carries the same meaning).

74.95

馬鬬 (horses fighting: pronounced 都 + 候 fanqie; the Cang Jie pian says, "𩰚 means contending"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "To meet; when two meet, they fight; derived from 鬥 and 斲"; 鬥 is also pronounced 當 + 候 fanqie; 斲 is pronounced 丁 + 角 fanqie; in transmitted texts, writing it with 門 as 𨶜 is an error; the character 鬥 is derived from two 丮; 丮 is pronounced 居 + 逆 fanqie).

74.96

虎狼 (tigers and wolves: the first character is pronounced 呼 + 古 fanqie; Gu Yewang says, "The tiger is a man-biting beast"; the Erya says, "In the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han, Nanjun captured a white tiger and presented its skin, bones, teeth, and claws, which is this"; the second character is pronounced 朗 + 堂 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says, "The wolf resembles a dog with a sharp head, white cheeks, tall in the front and broad in the back; derived from 犬 and 良").

74.97

脂肪 (fat and grease: the first character is pronounced 旨 + 夷 fanqie; Zheng's commentary to the Liji says, "脂 is solid fat"; the second character is pronounced 倣 + 房 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says, "肪 is rich grease; derived from 肉 and 方").

74.98

躇足 (hesitating: the first character is pronounced 直 + 猪 fanqie; the Han Poetry says, "躊躇 is like pacing back and forth"; 躊 is pronounced 直 + 留 fanqie; 躑 is pronounced 呈 + 石 fanqie; 躅 is pronounced 重 + 錄 fanqie).

74.99

金筩 (golden tube: the second character is pronounced 動 + 東 fanqie).

74.100

棱杵 (ridged pestle: the first character is pronounced 勒 + 登 fanqie).

74.101

蹂踐 (trampling underfoot: the first character is pronounced 耳 + 由 fanqie; the Cang Jie pian says, "蹂 also means to trample"; the Liji and the Shangshu give the same gloss; the second character is pronounced 錢 + 剪 fanqie; Zheng's commentary to the Liji says, "踐 means to step on, meaning to tread on and walk"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "Derived from 足 and 戔"; 戔 is pronounced 在 + 寒 fanqie).

74.102

庭燎 (courtyard torch: the first character is pronounced 定 + 丁 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 广 and 廷; in transmitted texts, writing it with 火 as 𭵬 is incorrect; 广 is pronounced 魚 + 撿 fanqie; 廷 is pronounced 庭; the second character is pronounced 力 + 召 fanqie; Zheng's commentary to the Liji says, "Using hemp to make a torch, set up outside the gate, is called a great torch; set up inside the gate, it is called a courtyard torch; it is used to illuminate the crowd for light"; the Shuowen jiezi writes it as 尞).

74.103

孤幹 (solitary stem: the first character is pronounced 古 + 胡 fanqie; the transmitted text has 觚, which is incorrect; the second character is 葛 + 罕 fanqie, properly written 𣔼, also written 竿, or written 笴; the transmitted text has 幹, which is a phonetic loan character).

74.104

Fascicle Four

74.105

被㲲 (cotton blanket: the second character is pronounced 簞 + 協 fanqie).

74.106

撓攪 (disturbing and agitating: the first character is pronounced 呼 + 高 fanqie; the Guangya says, "撓 means to disturb"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "It also means to agitate"; transmitted texts writing 秏 are incorrect; the second character is pronounced 交 + 巧 fanqie; the Mao commentary to the Classic of Poetry says, "攪 means to disorder"; the Boya says, "To stir"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 手 and has 覺 as phonetic).

74.107

歎吒 (sighing and clicking the tongue: the second character is pronounced 陟 + 稼 fanqie; the Kaosheng says, "吒 means making a sound by clicking the tongue"; the Hanshu says, "To scold"; character dictionaries say, "Resentment and anger"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "To puff out; derived from 口 and 乇"; 陟 + 革 fanqie; transmitted texts writing it with 宅 as 咤 are incorrect).

74.108

檄壓 (crushing notice: the first character is pronounced 刑 + 擊 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 烏 + 甲 fanqie).

74.109

䍑緻 (sparse and fine: the first character is pronounced 呼 + 旱 fanqie; Kong's commentary to the Analects says, "罕 means rare"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 冈 and 干; transmitted texts writing 罕 are incorrect; the second character is pronounced 直 + 利 fanqie; Zheng's commentary to the Liji says, "緻 means dense"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 系).

74.110

羅閱祇城 (the city of Rājagṛha: the third character is pronounced 緣 + 雪 fanqie; the fourth character is pronounced 巨 + 移 fanqie).

74.111

攦黑 (snapping black: pronounced 理 + 移 fanqie).

74.112

撩擿 (raking and picking out: the first character is pronounced 力 + 彫 fanqie; the Boya says, "𰔬 means to take"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "To arrange"; the second character is pronounced 呈 + 石 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says, "擿 means to throw"; transmitted texts write 擲, which is also commonly used in vulgar forms).

74.113

阿臘 (ala: the second character is pronounced 藍 + 荅 fanqie).

74.114

霹靂 (thunderclap: the first character is pronounced 普 + 覓 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 呂 + 的 fanqie; the Erya says, "霹靂 is the shaking sound of thunder"; transmitted texts writing 礔礰 are incorrect).

74.115

拘睒 (Kauśāmbi: the first character is pronounced 矩 + 愚 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 失 + 𮉼 fanqie; it is Sanskrit).

74.116

賓㝹 (binnou: the second character is pronounced 奴 + 侯 fanqie).

74.117

鸚鵡 (parrot: the first character is pronounced 戹 + 耕 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 無 + 撫 fanqie; the Liji says, "A parrot can speak, but does not cease to be a flying bird," which is this; fully explained earlier in the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra; the Shuowen jiezi writes it with 鶻).

74.118

豺豹 (jackals and leopards: the first character is pronounced 鋤 + 崖 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 包 + 皃 fanqie; transmitted texts writing 𤝔𤝧 are incorrect).

74.119

龜鼈 (tortoises and softshell turtles: the first character is pronounced 鬼 + 追 fanqie; the Baihutong says, "The tortoise is the chief of the shelled creatures"; Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says, "A tortoise measuring one foot two inches is called a great tortoise, produced in the waters of Jiujiang"; Guo's commentary to the Erya says, "In Yangxian County of Wuxing Commandery there is a pond, which produces three-legged tortoises; there are also six-eyed tortoises mentioned in the Treatises on Geography"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is a pictographic character; the second character is pronounced 鞭 + 滅 fanqie; the Classic of Mountains and Seas says, "Cong Mountain has many three-legged softshell turtles"; transmitted texts write 鱉, which is a vulgar character; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 黽 and 敝; 黽 is pronounced 猛; 敝 is pronounced 毗 + 袂 fanqie).

74.120

鴝鵒 (crested mynah: the first character is pronounced 具 + 愚 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 欲; Gu Yewang says, "The crested mynah resembles a mockingbird with two feathery horns on its head"; the Kaogongji says, "The crested mynah does not cross the Ji River"; transmitted texts write 𮭠, which is also commonly used in vulgar script).

74.121

劈裂 (splitting open: the first character is pronounced 普 + 覓 fanqie; the Picang says, "劈 means to cleave"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "To break open; derived from 刀 and 辟"; transmitted texts writing 礔 are incorrect; the second character is pronounced 列).

74.122

Fascicle Five

74.123

深邃 (deep and profound: the second character is pronounced 雖 + 遂 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says, "𨗉 means deep and far-reaching; derived from 穴 and 遂"; 穴 is pronounced 胡 + 決 fanqie).

74.124

創被 (suffering wounds: the first character is pronounced 楚 + 霜 fanqie, which is a phonetic loan character; it is also written 瘡; the ancient character was 刃).

74.125

鐵著 (iron chopsticks: the first character is pronounced 天 + 結 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 金 and 𢧜 [田 + 結 fanqie]; the second character is pronounced 直 + 略 fanqie; transmitted texts writing it with 手 as 𣛰 are incorrect).

74.126

遊獵 (hunting: the second character is pronounced 廉 + 輙 fanqie; Jia's commentary to the Guoyu says, "獵 means to capture"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "To pursue birds and beasts; derived from 犬 and 鼠"; transmitted texts writing 獦 use a vulgar character; 巤 is also pronounced 獵).

74.127

谷廄 (valley stable: the second character is pronounced 久 + 宥 fanqie; Zheng's commentary to the Zhouli says, "廐 is a shelter for horses"; transmitted texts writing 廐 are also commonly accepted).

74.128

惠砅 (whetstone: the first character is pronounced 𢹂 + 桂 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 叀 and 心; the second character is pronounced 呂 + 制 fanqie; the Classic of Mountains and Seas says, "砅 is a grindstone"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 石; transmitted texts write 礪, which is also commonly accepted as a vulgar character; 𨊢 is pronounced 遄 + 眷 fanqie).

74.129

中眵 (matter in the eyes: the second character is pronounced 侈 + 支 fanqie; the Yunying says, "眵 is ocular fluid that has congealed"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "Eye injury").

74.130

挼手 (rubbing the hands: pronounced 乃 + 和 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says, "挼[打-丁+莎] means rubbing the hands together; derived from 手 and 妥"; [打-丁+莎] is pronounced 蘇 + 和 fanqie; 妥 is pronounced 他 + 果 fanqie).

74.131

撼頭 (shaking the head: the first character is pronounced 含 + 感 fanqie; the Guangya says, "撼 means to move"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "To shake; derived from 手 and 感").

74.132

羈絆 (halter and tether: the first character is pronounced 寄 + 冝 fanqie; transmitted texts writing 羇 are incorrect; it was already explained earlier in the second fascicle; the second character is pronounced 鉢 + 判 fanqie; the Kaosheng says, "絆 means binding both feet"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "A horse shackle"; we note that a 馽 is also a horse tether; transmitted texts writing it with 革 as 靽 are incorrect; 馽 is pronounced 知 + 立 fanqie).

74.133

劒戟 (swords and halberds: the second character is pronounced 京 + 逆 fanqie; the Shenglei says, "The halberd is a weapon"; Zheng's commentary to the Liji says, "It is the three-bladed halberd of today"; the Zhouli states, "The halberd is six feet in length"; Guo's commentary to the Fangyan says, "Present-day halberds with a small barb in the middle are called male halberds"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 戈 and 倝; the transmitted text simplifies it to 戟, which is a vulgar character; 倝 is pronounced 古 + 旦 fanqie).

74.134

如撲 (as if striking: pronounced 普 + 卜 fanqie; the Guangya says, "撲 means to strike"; Gu Yewang says, "撲 is like beating or thrashing"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 手 and 菐; 菐 is pronounced 補 + 木 fanqie).

74.135

Fascicle Six

74.136

捩撮 (twisting and pinching: the first character is pronounced 燐 + 結 fanqie; the Guangya says, "捩 means to twist"; the Picang says, "To twine"; it is properly written [縕-囚+(敲-高)]; the second character is pronounced 𮍏 + 括 fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi says, "撮 means pulling and holding with the hand").

74.137

髣髴 (indistinct: the first character is pronounced 芳 + 冈 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 霏 + 不 fanqie; the Shenglei says, "髣髴 is the appearance of seeing unclearly"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 髟; 髟 is pronounced 表 + 苗 fanqie).

74.138

Fascicle Seven

74.139

黭黮 (dark and gloomy: the first character is pronounced 鴨 + 檻 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 直 + 感 fanqie; the Shenglei says, "黭黮 means deeply black"; Gu Yewang says, "Not bright and clean"; the Shuowen jiezi says it is derived from 黑 and 弇; transmitted texts writing with 黑 as 黤黮 are vulgar characters; 弇 is pronounced 淹 + 撿 fanqie).

74.140

澹潤 (tranquil and moist: the first character is pronounced 談 + 濫 fanqie; the Guangya says, "澹 means to adorn"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "Agitation of water; derived from 水 and 詹"; 詹 is pronounced 軄 + 廉 fanqie).

74.141

把𤔩 (grasping and seizing: the first character is pronounced 白 + 麻 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 居 + 碧 fanqie, and also 誑 + 縛 fanqie; the Cang Jie pian says, "爴 means to clutch"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "To seize with claws"; it is also written 攫, with the same meaning).

74.142

號歎 (wailing and sighing: the first character is pronounced 胡 + 高 fanqie; the Boya says, "號 means loud clamour"; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says, "To weep"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "The sound of pain; derived from 号 and 虎"; transmitted texts writing 嘷 refer to the roar of a tiger, which is not this meaning; 囂 is pronounced 許 + 驕 fanqie).

74.143

寱語 (talking in one's sleep: the first character is pronounced 倪 + 計 fanqie; the Shenglei says, "寱 is speaking deliriously while sleeping without awareness"; transmitted texts writing it with 言 as 讛 are incorrect).

74.144

盡聲 (exhausting the voice: the first character is pronounced 津 + 引 fanqie).

74.145

樓櫓 (towers and watchtowers: the first character is pronounced 魯 + 侯 fanqie; the Erya says, "A four-sided high structure is a platform; one that is narrow, tall, and curving is a tower"; the Shuowen jiezi says, "A multi-storied house"; the second character is pronounced 盧 + 古 fanqie; the Wenzi jilüe says, "A 櫓 is a large shield"; the Boya says, "It is also a watchtower upon a city wall").

74.146

危脆 (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 魏為 [wēi]; the second is pronounced with the fanqie 七歲 [cuì]. The Guangya says: "cuì (脆) means fragile (弱)." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It is composed of the radical 肉 ('flesh') and a reduced form of 危 ('danger').")

74.147

捔力 (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 江岳 [jué]. The Guangya says: "捔 means to contend (挍).")

74.148

Avadānaśataka (Zhuanji baiyuan jing), Fascicle One (pronunciations by Xuanying)

74.149

[穴/(爪*爪)]惰 (pronounced with the fanqie 臾乳 [yǔ]; it denotes being indolent and lazy. The Erya says: "窳 means toil (勞)." Guo Pu says: "It means toil and bitterness; it often signifies being lazy and indolent (惰窳).")

74.150

Fascicle Four

74.151

鹿麛 (also written as 麑, both pronounced with the fanqie 莫奚 [mí]. The Erya says: "A male deer is called a jiā (麚); a female deer is called a yōu (麀); its fawn is called a mí (麛)." 麚 is pronounced with the sound jiā (加); 麀 is pronounced with the fanqie 於牛 [yōu]).

74.152

Fascicle Seven

74.153

塔棖 (pronounced with the fanqie 宅庚 [chéng]. We note that a chéng (棖) is like a pillar; pillars of a stūpa (futu) are of this kind. The Shuowen jiezi says: "棖 means timber material.")

74.154

Udānavarga (Chuyao jing), Fascicle One

74.155

羽寶 (it should properly be written as 葆, and is also written as 䎂, both pronounced with the fanqie 補道 [bǎo]; it refers to an assembly of five-coloured feathers, which is called a bǎo).

74.156

𠯗嗽 (in ancient script written as 㗱, and also written as 唼, both pronounced with the fanqie 子盍 [zā]. The Tongsu wen says: "Taking into the mouth is called 𠯗." The second character is also written as [口*束*頁], both pronounced with the fanqie 所角 [shuò]. The Sancang says: "嗽 means to suck (吮)." The Tongsu wen says: "Drawing in together is called shuò (欶).")

74.157

鴟鵂 (pronounced with the fanqie 尺脂 [chī]; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 許牛 [xiū]. The Erya lists the "strange owl" (怪鴟); She Ren says: "One name is 'strange bird' (怪鳥), another name is xiūliú (鵂鶹); in Nanyang it is called gōugé (鉤鵅).")

74.158

閃見 (in character dictionaries sometimes written as 䀡, both pronounced with the fanqie 式𮉼 [shǎn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "閃 depicts peeping with the head.")

74.159

梟其首 (pronounced with the fanqie 占堯 [xiāo]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "It means hanging a severed head upside down." That is to say, severing the head and hanging it upside down atop a pole to expose the crime. The character is also written as 梟. The Shuowen jiezi says: "An unfilial bird. On the winter solstice, they are captured, owl-like, and quartered; it is composed of 'bird' with its head atop 'wood'." Both glyph forms are used interchangeably.)

74.160

挻埴 (pronounced with the fanqie 式延 [shān]; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 時力 [zhí]. The Zilin says: "挻 means to soften." Nowadays people say "to soften and knead" (柔埏); it also means to beat and to blend. 埴 means clay; sticky earth is called zhí. The Shiming says: "Earth that is yellow, fine, and compact is called zhí; it is greasy, being as greasy as fat.")

74.161

以杼 (also written as 䇡, both pronounced with the fanqie 除呂 [zhù]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "That which carries the weft on a loom; that is, what is nowadays called a reed (筬).")

74.162

毘婆尸 (Vipaśyin; translated here as "various visions" [Vipaśyin interpreted through *vipaśyana*]).

74.163

操杖 (pronounced with the fanqie 麤勞 [cāo]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "操 means to grasp and hold; to take in hand.")

74.164

戢在 (pronounced with the fanqie 側立 [jí]. 戢 means to draw in, to collect. The Shuowen jiezi says: "戢 means to store away weapons.")

74.165

Fascicle Two

74.166

蠅噆 (pronounced with the fanqie 子臘 [zā]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "噆 means to bite or nip." The Zhuangzi has: "Therefore mosquitoes and gadflies bite the skin"—this is it.)

74.167

叩地 (pronounced with the fanqie 苦後 [kòu]. 叩 means to strike or knock.)

74.168

睨翳 (pronounced with the fanqie 還棧 [huàn]. It is a white cataract disease within the eye. The treatise text writes 完湮; both of those graphic forms are incorrect.)

74.169

烏鱡 (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 於胡 [wū]; the second character is also written in the two forms 鰂 and 鯽, both pronounced with the fanqie 才勒 [zé]. The Picang says: "The wūzé fish has a bone inside its belly; it comes from Nanhai Commandery. On its back is a single bone two inches wide, with very long fins. It has ink in its mouth, and when angered it squirts it at people." The Linhai ji says: "Because it holds a tablet and contains ink, it is therefore styled the 'minor clerk fish'.")

74.170

蟲齲 (also written as [狂-王+禹], both pronounced with the fanqie 丘禹 [qǔ]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "齲 means tooth decay caused by worms.")

74.171

靈柩 (pronounced with the fanqie 渠救 [jiù]. The Xiao Erya says: "A coffin containing a corpse is called a jiù; an empty coffin is called a chèn (櫬)." Jiù (柩) has the sense of "reaching the end" (究). The Baihu tong says: "The word jiù (柩) means long-lasting (久); a person will not change again.")

74.172

陶河 (the character should properly be written as 掏, pronounced with the fanqie 徒刀 [táo]. In the Central Plains it is called táohé (掏河); south of the Yangtze it is called tíhú (鵜鶘), and also líhú (黎鶘). The Shijing caomu shu says: "One name is táohé"—this is it. Tí (鵜) is also written as 鴺; Guo Pu's commentary on the Sancang gives the pronunciation as lí (黎), and alternatively as the fanqie 大奚 [dà xī]).

74.173

白鷺 (in character dictionaries written as 鶣, both pronounced with the fanqie 來故 [lù]. It is a white bird; its head, wings, and back all have long plume feathers. In the treatise text it is written as 𩑔; 𩑔 is pronounced with the fanqie 胡骨 [hú gǔ]).

74.174

鸛雀 (also written as 雚, both pronounced with the fanqie 古亂 [guàn]. It is a water bird; when overcast skies and rain approach, it calls out.)

74.175

痱癗 (the first character is also written as 𤷂, both pronounced with the fanqie 蒲罪 [bèi]; the second is pronounced with the fanqie 力罪 [lěi]. 痱癗 means small swellings or heat rashes; here we take this meaning.)

74.176

自摑 (it should properly be written as 攫, pronounced with the fanqie 俱縛 [jué]. 攫 means to tear apart; to seize.)

74.177

骨幹 (幹 is the same, pronounced with the fanqie 古岸 [gàn]. The Guangya says: "幹 refers to the ribs (肋); that is, the rib-bones." 䯎 is the correct standard form.)

74.178

誇無 (pronounced with the fanqie 苦華 [kuā]. The Tongsu wen says: "Boasting of oneself is called kuā." The Shifa says: "Being showy without substance is called kuā.")

74.179

瘡痍 (in ancient script written with the two forms 戧 and 刃; now written as 創, all pronounced with the fanqie 楚良 [chuāng]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "創 means a wound." The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 羊之 [yí]. The Tongsu wen says: "A wound on the body is called an yí (痍); a wound on the head is called an yáng (瘍).")

74.180

𨷲牡 (pronounced with the fanqie 亡後 [mǔ]. In the treatise text it is written as 𢰔閞, with 牡 below. We note that the mǔ (male bolt) and pǐn (female slot) are that by which a gate is securely locked so that it cannot be opened. The treatise text writes 母, which is not the correct graph.)

74.181

姧宄 (in ancient script written with the two characters 𡧫 and 殳, both pronounced with the fanqie 居美 [guǐ]. The Guangya says: "宄 means a thief." The Zuo zhuan says: "Transgression on the inside is called jiān (姧); on the outside it is called guǐ (宄)." Another source says: "Rebellion on the inside is called guǐ." The Guoyu says: "Stealing treasures is guǐ; relying on the wealth of a guǐ is jiān.")

74.182

𱨃浣 (pronounced with the fanqie 子田 [jiān]; the second character in ancient script is written as 澣, both pronounced with the fanqie 胡滿 [huǎn]. 𣾅 means to sprinkle; 浣 means to wash.)

74.183

向法次法 (some say fǎ-cì-fǎ-xiàng; it means that the unconditioned truth of cessation is that which is directed towards, and the conditioned truth of the path is that which directs towards it. Because the truth of the path comes next after cessation, it is called the 'consequent Dharma'. Practising in accordance with the truth of the path is also called 'practising as expounded'.)

74.184

[止/(利-禾+舟)]庌 (the second character is pronounced 五加 [yǎ]. The Guangya says: "庌 means a house." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Covered rooms under a hall are called wǔ (廡); the people of You and Ji call them yǎ." Nowadays people say tīngyǎ (hall verandas)—this is it.)

74.185

傷惋 (pronounced with the fanqie 烏喚 [wàn]. The Zilüe says: "惋 means to sigh in astonishment and surprise.")

74.186

括括 (also written as 筈, both pronounced with the fanqie 古活 [kuò]. The Tongsu wen says: "The notch at the end of an arrow is called a kuò." The Shiming says: "括 means to meet (會); meeting together with the bowstring.")

74.187

憑俟 (pronounced with the fanqie 皮氷 [píng]. The Sancang says: "憑 means to rely upon." The second character in ancient script has the three forms 竢, 𥏳, and䇃, all pronounced with the fanqie 床史 [sì]. The Erya says: "俟 means to wait.")

74.188

紖繫 (also written in the two forms 䊶 and 緣, both pronounced with the fanqie 直忍 [zhèn]; it refers to an ox's nose-rope. The Guangya says: "紖 means a cord.")

74.189

纓貫 (pronounced with the fanqie 於精 [yīng]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "The chin-strap of a cap is called an yīng." The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 士桓 [guàn], meaning to string through. The treatise text writes 孆瑻, both forms being incorrect.)

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese