一切經音義 78

English (machine translation) 78

Language: English

78.1

Compiled by the scripture-translating Śramaṇa Huilin

78.2

Sounds for the Jinglü yixiang in fifty fascicles:

78.3

From Fascicle One to the end of Fascicle Twenty-Two.

78.5

Zhícǎi (摭採, gather and select; the upper [character] has the fanqie [zhēng + yì]; it means to collect/pick up. The sūtra text writes '攖', which is incorrect).

Tuánshí (摶食, eating by rolling food into balls; fanqie [jiǎ + luán]; rolling food with the hands into balls. The Shuowen states: It takes '手' (hand); the sūtra text takes '耑' writing '揣', which is incorrect).

78.7

Lánshǔn (欄楯, balustrade and railings; the lower [character] has the fanqie [chún + zhǔn]; the Hanshu yinyi states: "Shǔn (楯) also means railings (lán)." The Shuowen states: "A balustrade or railing"; it takes '木' (wood) and '盾'; '盾' has the same sound as above. Lán (欄) is pronounced with the fanqie [xián + àn]).

78.8

Cūsè (麁歰, coarse and rough; the lower [character] has the fanqie [sēn + jí]; the Shuowen states: "Rough, not smooth"; it is composed of four '止' (two upright, two inverted). The vulgar writing in scripts as '澁' is incorrect).

78.9

Chēgǔ (車轂, carriage hub; fanqie [gōng + wū]; the Shuowen states: "That where the spokes converge"; it is a phono-semantic character).

78.10

Jiǎnshí (減食, reduce food; fanqie [jiān + zhǎn]; it means to lessen, diminish, or remove/reduce. The Shuowen states: It takes '水' (water) with '咸' as phonetic).

78.11

Bùxuàn (不眴, without blinking; the lower [character] has the fanqie [xuán + juàn]; Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci states: "Xuàn (眴) is the appearance of looking." Gu Yewang states: "In modern usage, people moving their eyes to secretly caution one another." The Shuowen states: "The eyes swaying/flickering"; it takes '目' (eye) with '䀏' as phonetic; '䀏' has the same sound as above).

78.12

Yōutānlán (優蹹藍; tā (蹹) has the fanqie [tán + nà]; the Sanskrit name of a non-Buddhist ascetic, also named Yùtóulán (Udraka Rāmaputra)).

78.13

Yánxiào (訮笑, laughingly speaking / bickering playfully; the upper [character] has the fanqie [xiǎn + tiān]; the Cang Jie Pian states: "Yán (訮) means to scold." The Guangya states: "Anger." The Shuowen states: "Contending speech is yányán"; it takes '言' (speech) with '幵' as phonetic; '幵' is pronounced qiān. The sūtra text writes '𧨘', which is incorrect; character dictionaries have no such character).

78.14

Tíbài (蕛稗, weeds and wild millets; the upper [character] has the fanqie [dì + ní]; Guo's commentary on the Erya states: "Tí (稊) resembles bài; it spreads over the ground as a noxious weed." Also written as '稊'. The Shuowen writes '第'. The Gujin zhengzi takes '草' (grass) with '稊' as phonetic. [The lower character has the] fanqie [pái + mài]; Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: "Bài (稗) is a weed resembling grain." Also written as '粺'. The Gujin zhengzi states: "A separate species of cereal crop"; it takes '禾' (cereal) with '卑' as phonetic).

78.15

Lǐnlǐn (𱟗𱟗, trembling / reverent; fanqie [lín + qǐn]; the Picang states: "𱟗悷 is the appearance of sorrowful chanting." Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: "The appearance of perilous fear." The Fangyan also states: "Reverent." The Wenzidian shuo states: It takes '心' (heart) with '廩' as phonetic; '𢤭' has the same sound as above. The sūtra text writes '[懍-〦+(〦/(口*口))]', which is an error).

78.16

Mǐgǔ (米穀, grains and cereals; the lower [character] has the fanqie [gōng + wū]; Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli states: "The nine cereals refer to kinds such as rice." The Erya states: "Gǔ (穀) means emolument." The Shuowen states: "Continuance; a collective term for the hundred grains"; it takes '禾' (cereal) with '𣪊' as phonetic; '𣪊' has the fanqie [kōng + jiǎo]).

78.17

Bǐkāng (粃𱹧, chaff and husks; the upper [character] has the fanqie [bǐ + mǐ]; Gu Yewang states: "Bǐ (粃) refers to grain that has failed to mature." Also written as '秕'. The Gujin zhengzi states: It takes '米' (rice) with '比' as phonetic. The lower [character] has the fanqie [kè + gāng]; the Shenglei states: "Chaff (kāng) is the husk of grain." Also written as '[賡-貝+米]' or '𱹧'. The Gujin zhengzi states: It takes '米' with '[賡-貝+米]').

78.18

Kūtì (刳剔, cut open and butcher; the upper [character] is pronounced kū; the Fangyan states: "Kū (刳) is just 𠜓 (disembowel/slaughter)." The Kaosheng states: "To slaughter and cut; to slice open and remove the contents inside." The Shuowen states: "To cleave"; it takes '刀' (knife) with '夸' as phonetic. The lower [character] has the fanqie [tīng + yì]; the Yunying states: "To separate bone [from meat]." The Kaosheng states: "To skin/strip." The Shangshu writes '𠜓', which is an ancient character. Both characters take '刀' and are phono-semantic characters).

78.19

Qīnrǎo (㑴嬈, harass and disturb; the upper [character] has the fanqie [qī + rén]; the Shuowen states: "To advance gradually"; it takes '人' (person) holding a broom, like advancing while sweeping. The lower [character] has the fanqie [níng + niǎo]; the Boya states: "Rǎo (嬈) means to jest and tease one another." The ancient text writes '𤲶'. The Shuowen states: "To play with or tease"; it takes '女' (woman) with '堯' as phonetic).

78.20

Zhuādǎ (撾打, beat and strike; the upper [character] has the fanqie [zhuó + guā]; the Shuowen states: "A horsewhip; to strike." The Wenzidian shuo states: "Zhuā (撾) means to beat (chuí); also to strike (dǎ)"; it takes '手' (hand)).

78.21

Shǐhé (駛河, swift-flowing river; fanqie [shī + shì]; the Yunying states: "Rapid, swift"; it takes '史').

78.22

Bàozào ([火*(日/出/大/((犀-尸)-牛+十))]𧛵, crackling of fire; the upper [character] has the fanqie [bāo + mào]; the Wenzi jilüe states: "It means a blazing fire; the crackling sound of firewood or bamboo burning." The Shuowen states: "To scorch").

78.23

Lǐyǐ (峛崺, undulating / winding ridge; also written as '邐迤', same as above; the upper [character] is pronounced lǐ, the lower is pronounced yǐ; the Kaosheng states: "The appearance of sand dunes; low and long, winding and connecting with each other." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Lǐyǐ means mountain ridges interconnected." Both characters take '山' (mountain) and are phono-semantic characters).

78.24

Suìkè (碎𥔐, crushing / clashing of stones; the lower [character] has the fanqie [kǎn + gé]; the Kaosheng states: "The sound of stones clashing against each other." The orthodox form of both characters takes '石' (stone); they are mutually defining characters. The Shuowen states: "The sound of stones"; it takes '石' with '盇' as phonetic; '盇' has the fanqie [hán + là]).

78.25

Zhuǎnzào (轉躁, increasingly agitated / restless; the lower [character] has the fanqie [zāo + zào]; Gu Yewang states: "Zào (躁) means restless movement." Zheng's commentary on the Lunyu states: "Uneasy and not peaceful." The Shuowen notes it is sometimes written as '趮'; it takes '足' (foot) with '喿' as phonetic; '喿' has the fanqie [tiáo + dào]).

78.26

Kāngkuàng (𱹧穬, chaff and coarse barley; the lower [character] has the fanqie [guó + měng]; the character dictionaries state: "Kuàng (穬) is broad barley (dàmài), or kuàng-grain, which is the poorest kind of rice-paddy grain, with much husk and little grain; also called rough barley (kuàngmài), which likewise has much husk and little flour").

78.27

Cánkuì (慙愧, ashamed and remorseful; the upper [character] has the fanqie [zá + gān]; the Shangshu states: "Only virtue brings shame [when lacking]." The Shuowen states: "Cán (慙) also means ashamed (kuì)"; it takes '心' (heart) with '斬' as phonetic. The sūtra text writes '慚', which is the same).

78.28

Pīlì (霹靂, thunderclap / lightning strike; the upper [character] has the fanqie [piān + mì], the lower has the fanqie [líng + de]; the Yupian states: "A great thunderous crash"; both characters take '雨' (rain)).

78.29

Lǎnlüè (攬掠, seize and plunder; the upper [character] has the fanqie [lǎn + gǎn]; the lower is pronounced lüè, meaning to gather and seize; sometimes written as '略'. Some write '摬', pronounced yǐng, meaning to strike, which is probably incorrect).

78.30

Fascicle Two

78.31

Qiēcuō (切磋, cut and polish / discuss and refine; the lower [character] has the fanqie [cāng + hé]; the Erya states: "Artisans working ivory." Examining it: 'qiēcuō' means sustaining an argument to exhaust its principles).

78.32

Chènjì (讖記, prophetic records / prognostication; fanqie [chǔ + jìn]; auspicious writings emerging from the Yellow River and Luo River; prophetic verifications).

78.33

Jièbīng (借兵, borrow troops; the upper [character] has the fanqie [jīng + yì]; the Cang Jie Pian states: "Jiè (借) means to borrow from another." The Gujin zhengzi states: "To borrow and take"; it takes '人' (person) with '昔' as phonetic. The sūtra text writes '債' (debt), which is the character for indebtedness, not for borrowing; this is a scribal error).

78.34

Chī'ái (癡騃, foolish and ignorant; the lower [character] has the fanqie [yá + kāi], in the rising tone; it means foolish and young, not intelligent, having no understanding).

78.35

Pīqì (坏器, unbaked earthenware; fanqie [pèi + méi]; earthenware vessels that have not yet been fired are called pī (坏); earthen vessels).

78.36

Pílí (鞞梨; the upper [character] has the fanqie [pí + mí]; the Sanskrit name of a king).

78.37

Bùjù (怖懅, terrified and alarmed; pronounced jù; frightened and afraid; this character is entirely absent from character dictionaries).

78.38

Bēnzǒu (犇走, flee / run hastily; pronounced bēn).

78.39

Jièdào (疥𤸇, scabies and chronic sores; the upper [character] is pronounced jiè, a wind-sore; the lower has the fanqie [dāo + chōng], an ailment where wind coagulates and the skin erupts. The Yupian states: "An exhausting disease; a chronic disease of old age." The Shuowen states: "An exhausting ailment"; it is a phono-semantic character).

78.40

Pāibì (拍䯗, strike the thigh; the upper [character] has the fanqie [pǔ + bǎi]; the Kaosheng states: "To slap; to strike"; it takes '手' (hand) with '白' as phonetic. The lower [character] has the fanqie [pí + mǐ]; the Kaosheng states: "The outer thigh." The sūtra text writes '髀', which is a vulgar character).

78.41

Fascicle Three

78.42

Blood flows (血㳅) (an ancient character for "to flow" [流]).

78.43

Short (拒小) (an ancient character for "short" [短]; today written as 短).

78.44

Kauśāmbī (拘睒彌) (the upper character has the sound 俱 [jū]; the lower is [pronounced] 尸 + 染 [shǐ-rǎn > shǎn]; in Sanskrit it is the name of a kingdom in the western regions).

78.45

To drag (拖拽) (the upper character has the sound 他 [tā]; the lower is [pronounced] 延 + 結 [yán-jié > yè], and also pronounced with 以 + 勢 [yǐ-shì > yì]; it means to drag and pull; both characters take the "hand" radical [手] and are phono-semantic characters).

78.46

To contest skill (角術) (the upper character is [pronounced] 江 + 岳 [jiāng-yuè > jué]; it is also written as 較; in ancient script it is written as 斠; all are interchangeable).

78.47

To tear apart (擘裂) (the upper character is [pronounced] 斑 + 麥 [bān-mài > bò]; the Kaosheng says: "to tear with hands"; the Shuowen jiezi writes it as 擗; the lower character is [pronounced] 連 + 哲 [lián-zhé > liè]).

78.48

To scratch the ground (捊地) ([捊 is pronounced] 自 + 茅 [zì-máo > páo]; it is also written as 抱 or 掊, both being the same; it means to dig or scratch with the fingers; the sūtra text writes it with the "foot" radical as 跑, which is incorrect; it has the sound 雹 [báo]).

78.49

To rush and burst forth (奔突) (the upper character is [pronounced] 本 + 門 [běn-mén > bēn]; the Kaosheng says: "to run"; it is also written as 犇; in ancient script it is written as 𩦥, and also as 𩣺; the Shuowen jiezi says it takes the "dog" radical [犬] and has 賁 abbreviated for phonetic; the lower character is [pronounced] 鈍 + 訥 [dùn-nè > tū]; it means a dog suddenly darting out; it is also written as 揬; [the compound] 搪揬 means to dash against; the Shuowen jiezi says it takes the "dog" [犬] and "cave" [穴] radicals, meaning a dog emerging from within a cave).

78.50

Distressed (慘然) (the upper character is [pronounced] 倉 + 敢 [cāng-gǎn > cǎn]; it means grieved, worried).

78.51

To bend and stretch (僂伸) (the upper character is [pronounced] 力 + 主 [lì-zhǔ > lǚ]; the Zuo zhuan says: "hunchbacked"; the Guangya says: "bent"; it takes the "person" radical [人] and has 縷 abbreviated for phonetic; the lower character has the sound 申 [shēn]; the Book of Changes states: "Bending in order to seek extension"; the Shuowen jiezi says: "to bend and stretch"; it takes the "person" radical [人] and has 申 for phonetic).

78.52

Quail and snipe (鶉鴳) (the upper character is [pronounced] 垂 + 輪 [chuí-lún > chún]; the Huainanzi says: "Frogs transform into quails"; it takes the "bird" radical [鳥] and has 享 for phonetic; the lower character has the sound 晏 [yàn]; the commentary to the Guoyu says: "The yàn is a bird of the wild goose kind, singing at the Beginning of Spring and departing at the Beginning of Autumn"; it is a phono-semantic character).

78.53

Obstructed by (所閡) (the lower character is [pronounced] 我 + 蓋 [wǒ-gài > ài]; it is also written as 礙; [the meaning is] to impede and stop; the Shuowen jiezi has it taking 亥).

78.54

Fascicle Four

78.55

Calf muscle (膞腸) ([膞 is pronounced] 船 + 耎 [chuán-ruǎn > chuán]; the Kaosheng says: "the belly of the calf"; it is also written as 腨 or [跳-兆+專]; the lower character has the sound 長 [cháng]; the Kaosheng says: "fluent, unobstructed qi").

78.56

To strike and kill (𢷏殺) (the upper character is [pronounced] 龐 + 邈 [páng-miǎo > bó]; it means to strike, to throw to the ground; the lower character is [pronounced] 山 + 禮 [shān-lǐ > shài]; it means to slaughter, behead, or terminate life).

78.57

To stoop and walk (僂步) ([僂 is pronounced] 力 + 主 [lì-zhǔ > lǚ]; it means bent; to walk with a bent back).

78.58

Licking the Bodhisattva's feet (舐菩薩足) (the upper character is [pronounced] 時 + 爾 [shí-ěr > shì]; the Yupian says: "to take food with the tongue"; the Shuowen jiezi says it takes the "tongue" radical [舌] and has 氏 for phonetic; in ancient script it is written as 舓).

78.59

Sobbing and sighing (歔欷) (the upper character has the sound 虛 [xū]; the lower has the sound 希 [xī]; Gu Yewang says: "to breathe out in sorrowful sighing, the sound of weeping, or holding one's breath"; the Cang Jie pian says: "the lingering sound after weeping"; it is also written with the "mouth" radical as 噓唏).

78.60

Manifest and evident (昺著) (the upper character is [pronounced] 兵 + 皿 [bīng-mǐn > bǐng]; the Guangya says: "昞 means bright"; it is also written with the "fire" radical as 炳; the sūtra text writing it as 昞 is the same; the Gujin zhengzi says it takes the "sun" radical [日] and has 丙 for phonetic; 皿 is pronounced 明 + 丙 [míng-bǐng > mǐng]; 丙 has the same pronunciation as above).

78.61

Reverent and imposing (顒顒) ([pronounced] 愚 + 恭 [yú-gōng > yóng]; the Mao Commentary to the Book of Odes says: "顒顒 means the appearance of reverence"; the Shuowen jiezi says: "the appearance of a large head"; it takes the "head" radical [頁] and has 禺 for phonetic; 禺 has the same pronunciation as above).

78.62

Milking cows (𰔕千) (the upper character is [pronounced] 鈎 + 候 [gōu-hòu > gòu]; the Kaosheng says: "to take milk from cattle and sheep"; it is also written with the "sheep" radical as 擊; the Gujin zhengzi says it takes the "hand" radical [手] and has 𣪊 for phonetic).

78.63

To conceal and cover (揜蔽) (the upper character has the sound 奄 [yǎn]; the lower is [pronounced] 卑 + 袂 [bēi-mèi > bì]; it means to screen, hide, and conceal; it is also written as 掩, meaning to cover what is surplus; it is an associative transfer character).

78.64

A young bride's bearing (嫈嫇) (the upper character is [pronounced] 厄 + 莖 [è-jīng > yīng]; the lower is [pronounced] 麥 + 彭 [mài-péng > méng]; the Kaosheng says: "the appearance of a village woman, the bearing of a new bride"; both characters take the "woman" radical [女] and have 螢 abbreviated for phonetic; in the sūtra text 嫇 is written as 嬪, which is a scribal error).

78.65

Wailing loudly (號咷) (the upper character is [pronounced] 号 + 高 [hào-gāo > háo]; the lower is [pronounced] 唐 + 勞 [táng-láo > táo]; the Yupian says: "號咷 means wailing loudly"; the Book of Changes states: "First weeping aloud and wailing"; the Jixun says: "a sound of agony"; the Wenzidian shuo says it takes 虒 and has 号 for phonetic).

78.66

Involuntary twitching (𢿘瞤) (the upper character is [pronounced] 霜 + 捉 [shuāng-zhuō > shuò]; the lower is [pronounced] 閏 + 淪 [rùn-lún > shùn]; it means the eyes twitching without cause).

78.67

Fascicle Five

78.68

Iron peg (鐵釴) ([釴 is pronounced] 蠅 + 即 [yíng-jí > yì]; the Kaosheng says: "a peg"; it is also written as 杙).

78.69

Shaved head (髠頭) (the upper character has the sound 兀 [wù]; the Shuowen jiezi says: "to shave the hair"; it takes the "hair" radical [髟] and has 兀 for phonetic; 髟 is pronounced 必 + 遙 [bì-yáo > biāo] and also has the sound 杉 [shān]; 𩮜 is pronounced 聽 + 亦 [tīng-yì > tì]).

78.70

Punishment by impalement on a stake (杙殃) (the upper character is [pronounced] 孕 + 即 [yùn-jí > yì]; the Kaosheng says: "a peg"; the Shuowen jiezi says it takes the "wood" radical [木] and has 弋 for phonetic; the sūtra text writes it with the "metal" radical as 釴, which means the ears of a tripod vessel, not this meaning).

78.71

The king suddenly one day gave rise to a good thought (王欻一日發於善心) ([欻 is pronounced] 薰 + 物 [xūn-wù > xū]; 欻 means suddenly; to arise abruptly; it takes the radicals 炎 and 欠 as an ideogrammatic compound).

78.72

A pinch (一撮) ([撮 is pronounced] 倉 + 括 [cāng-kuò > cuō]; Du [Yu's] commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "撮 means to gather together"; if pronounced with other sounds, it does not match the intention of the sūtra; the Jixun says: "to scoop with both hands, or to pinch up with an implement"; the Shuowen jiezi says it takes the "hand" radical [手] and has 最 for phonetic).

78.73

To beg for alms (乞𠣏) ([𠣏 is pronounced] 該 + 𦫿 [gāi-ài > gài]; the Cang Jie pian says: "to go about begging, to seek"; the Shuowen jiezi says it takes 亡 and 人: if a person has lost their property, they then beg for alms; 該 is pronounced 改 + 孩 [gǎi-hái > gāi]; 𦫿 is pronounced 我 + 蓋 [wǒ-gài > ài]).

78.74

Quiet and serene (恬憺) (the upper character is [pronounced] 牒 + 兼 [dié-jiān > tián]; the Book of Documents says: "恬 means peaceful"; the Fangyan says: "tranquil"; the Shuowen jiezi says it takes the "heart" radical [心] and has 甛 abbreviated for phonetic; the lower character is [pronounced] 談 + 濫 [tán-làn > dàn]; Gu Yewang says: "the mind being tranquil and serene, calm and quiet").

78.75

Cannot obtain (叵得) (the upper character is [pronounced] 坡 + 可 [pō-kě > pǒ]; the Shuowen jiezi says it is the word 不可 [cannot]).

78.76

Trembling in body (體悸) ([悸 is pronounced] 葵 + 委 [kuí-wěi > guì]; it says: "the heart throbbing, frightened"; it takes the "heart" radical [心] and has 季 for phonetic).

78.77

Licking the ear (䑛耳) ([䑛 is pronounced] 時 + 尒 [shí-ěr > shì]; the Shuowen jiezi says: "to take food with the tongue"; the sūtra text writes it as 蝭, which is incorrect).

78.78

Hazel tree (榛木) (the upper character is [pronounced] 仕 + 臻 [shì-zhēn > zhēn]; the Guangya says: "trees growing in thickets"; the Shuowen jiezi says it takes the "wood" radical [木] and has 秦 for phonetic).

78.79

Trampled by elephants (象蹹) ([蹹 is pronounced] 談 + 合 [tán-hé > tà]; to trample and tread underfoot).

78.80

Choked by food (食噎) ([噎 is pronounced] 咽 + 結 [yān-jié > yē]; the Shuowen jiezi says: "food blocked; food sticking in the chest and not going down"; 窒 is pronounced 珍 + 栗 [zhēn-lì > zhì]).

78.81

Run over by a cart (車轢) ([轢 is pronounced] 零 + 的 [líng-dì > lì]; the Kaosheng says: "crushed by a cart wheel").

78.82

Fascicle Six

78.83

The Buddha's beard (佛頿) ([頿 is pronounced] 紫 + 斯 [zǐ-sī > zī]; the Yunying says: "mustache and beard"; it is also written as 髭; the Shuowen jiezi writes it as 頿, meaning facial hair, the hairs around the Tathāgata's mouth; the sūtra text writes it as 𣯃, which does not form a character).

78.84

To weigh equally (並稱) ([稱 is pronounced] 尺 + 陵 [chǐ-líng > chēng]; the Yunying says: "to measure"; the Kaosheng says: "to determine lightness and heaviness"; the Shuowen jiezi says: "to evaluate"; it takes the "grain" radical [禾] and has 爯 for phonetic; 爯 has the same sound as above; the sūtra text writes it as 枰, which is incorrect).

78.85

Tearful (泫然) (the upper character is [pronounced] 玄 + 詃 [xuán-jiàn > xuàn]; the Book of Rites states: "Confucius shed tears copiously"; the Yunquan says: "泫 refers to the sparkle of dew"; King Aśoka shed tears copiously; the Gujin zhengzi says it takes the "water" radical [水] and has 玄 for phonetic).

78.86

Stripped awning (剝秒) ([秒 is pronounced] 妙 + [示*票] [miào-piào > miǎo]; the Shuowen jiezi says: "the awn of grain; also the tip of a banner pole"; it takes the "grain" radical [禾] and has 少 for phonetic).

78.87

To thrust and push aside (排搪) (the upper character is [pronounced] 敗 + 埋 [bài-mái > pái]; the lower has the sound 湯 [tāng]; when King Aśoka's grandson intended to destroy stūpas and ruin monasteries, all the benevolent deities, in order to protect the Dharma, shoved and pushed a great mountain from within the sea, thrusting it down upon the king and his fourfold army, so that all died at once and the stūpas and monasteries were spared destruction).

78.88

To push and press (推迮) (the upper character is [pronounced] 土 + 迴 [tǔ-huí > tuī]; the lower is [pronounced] 爭 + 格 [zhēng-gé > zé]; this refers to the previous context of shoving and pushing, pushing down the great mountain to crush and press the king's fourfold army).

78.89

Mahinda (摩哂陀) ([哂 is pronounced] 尸 + 忍 [shī-rěn > shěn]; in Sanskrit it is an arhat's name).

78.90

Collarbone (缺盆骨) (the first character is [pronounced] 大 + 悅 [dà-yuè > duì/kūi]; the next is 蒲 + 門 [pú-mén > pén]; it refers to the transverse bone relic on the Tathāgata's body below the neck on the right side and above the chest).

78.91

Thorns and brambles (棘刺) (the upper character is [pronounced] 兢 + 力 [jīng-lì > jí]; the lower has the sound 次 [cì]; these are standard characters; the sūtra text writing it with the "grass" radical as 𧀃刾 is incorrect).

78.92

Anulā (阿菟羅) ([菟 is pronounced] 奴 + 候 [nú-hòu > nù]; in Sanskrit it is the name of the queen of the King of Siṃhala).

78.93

Sprouting and branching (抽杈) (the upper character is [pronounced] 丑 + 留 [chǒu-liú > chōu]; the lower is 差 + 皆 [chā-jiē > chā]; this describes the branches of the Bodhi tree taking root).

78.94

Abhyudgata (阿標叉) ([標 is pronounced] 必 + 遙 [bì-yáo > biāo]; in Sanskrit it is a personal name).

78.95

Base and steps (基堦) ([堦] has the sound 皆 [jiē]; the sūtra text writes it as 𰉾, which is a scribal error).

78.96

With the kernel (以核) ([核 is pronounced] 杏 + 革 [xìng-gé > hé]; it refers to the seed-kernel of the Bodhi tree).

78.97

Eight trunks (八株) ([株 is pronounced] 駐 + 厨 [zhù-chú > zhū]; the classifier for trees; it takes the "wood" radical [木] and has 朱 for phonetic).

78.98

Curved brackets (欒栱) (the upper character is [pronounced] 魯 + 桓 [lǔ-huán > luán]; the lower is [pronounced] 恭 + 隴 [gōng-lǒng > gǒng]; the Kaosheng says: "curved column capitals; curved timber that supports diagonal beams").

78.99

Tattered banner (敝幡) (the upper character is [pronounced] 毘 + 袂 [pí-mèi > bì]; the commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "敝 means ruined, worn out"; the lower character has the sound 番 [fān] and takes the "cloth" radical [巾]; the Shuowen jiezi writes the character 敝 as 㡀, taking 八 and 巾, representing torn and ruined clothes).

78.100

Reaching the shore (著岸) (the upper character is [pronounced] 長 + 略 [cháng-lüè > zhuó]; the lower is 我 + 幹 [wǒ-gàn > àn]).

78.101

Drifting and bobbing (汎漾) (the upper character is [pronounced] 芳 + 梵 [fāng-fàn > fàn]; a vulgar character, its standard form being 氾, meaning to float on water without a fixed position; the Shuowen jiezi says: "氾濫, overflowing"; it takes the "water" radical [水] and has 巳 for phonetic; the lower character is [pronounced] 羊 + 匠 [yáng-jiàng > yàng]; it means a boat riding upon the waves; the Shuowen jiezi says it takes the "water" radical [水] and has 羕 for phonetic; 羕 has the same pronunciation as above).

78.102

Fascicle Seven

78.103

Peeping and spying (闚𨵦: the first is [pronounced] *quan* + *gui* [kuī]; the second is *geng* + *zhu* [zhū]. The Kaosheng says it means 'to peek' [覷]; 'to peek' [覷] is [pronounced] *qing* + *yu* [qù]. 𨵦 also means 'to peep'. The Jixun says it means 'to watch secretly'. The Shuowen notes that both characters take the 'door' [門] radical and are phono-semantic characters).

78.104

Dashing oneself to the ground (自𢷏: [the second is pronounced] *pang* + *miao* [bào/pù], meaning 'to beat/dash down'; raising [oneself or something] high and throwing it to the ground. It takes the 'hand' radical [手] and the phonetic component *pu* [僕]).

78.105

Carrying a coffin on the shoulders (檐棺: the first is [pronounced] *da* + *nan* [dān], meaning 'to hold up', 'to carry on the back', or 'to carry on the shoulders'. The second has the sound *guan* [guān], meaning an inner coffin [with an outer coffin]).

78.106

Chewing food to feed a child (哺乳: the first is [pronounced] *pu* + *mu* [bǔ], meaning having food in the mouth, chewing it, and giving it to an infant to eat).

78.107

Suddenly [comprehending] (霍然: the first is [pronounced] *huang* + *guo* [huò], meaning to awaken or understand suddenly).

78.108

Rough and wild (麁獷: [the second is pronounced] *guo* + *meng* [guǎng], meaning a vicious or unruly nature).

78.109

Supple and fragile (耎脆: the first is [pronounced] *er* + *yan* [ruǎn]; the second is *quan* + *sui* [cuì]).

78.110

Rushing rapidly (感激: [the second is pronounced] *jing* + *yi* [jí], meaning water flowing rapidly and surging).

78.111

Blind macaque (瞎獼猴: the first is [pronounced] *xiao* + *ba* [xiā]. The Kaosheng says it means the eyes cannot see things. It takes the 'eye' radical [目] and the phonetic component *hai* [害]).

78.112

Bartering a bushel of rice ([(夕*(ㄗ@、))/貝]一斗米: the first is [pronounced] *mao* + *hou* [mào]. The Jixun says it means exchanging goods for goods. The Shuowen says it means exchanging wealth. It is a phono-semantic character taking *yuan* [夗] and the 'cowry/currency' radical [貝]).

78.113

First stinging (先螫: the second is [pronounced] *sheng* + *yi* [shì]. The Shuowen says it refers to insects dispensing poison).

78.114

Jushuo (抅瑣: the first is pronounced *ju* [jū]; the second is *sang* + *guo* [suǒ]. It is a Sanskrit term).

78.115

Dashing oneself to pieces (躃絕: the first is [pronounced] *pi* + *yi* [bì]. 'To beat the breast and dash [oneself] down' [躃踊] to break the body. It takes the 'foot' radical [足] and the phonetic component *pi* [辟], being a mutually defining character [zhuǎnzhù]).

78.116

Xumo (須𰐟: the Sanskrit name of a kiṃnara god. The scribes who recorded the sūtra translations created this arbitrarily, which is very inaccurate. It is suspected to be *xumo* [須摸]; the first is pronounced *xu* [xū], the second *mo* + *hu* [mó]).

78.117

Wriggling (蝡動: the first is [pronounced] *ruan* + *yin* [ruǎn], meaning the movement of worms or insects).

78.118

Fascicle Eight

78.119

Not sold (不售: the second is pronounced *shou* [shòu]. The Yunying says it means goods being sold and leaving; *shou* means to move/pass. The Yunquan says it means selling many goods. In the Gujin zhengzi, it takes the 'short-tailed bird' radical [隹] and the phonetic *kou* [口], and is also an ideogrammic compound).

78.120

Kṣānti (羼提: the first is [pronounced] *cha* + *jian* [chàn]; the second is *di* + *xi* [tí]. It is the Sanskrit name for patience [kṣānti], as in the name of the Kṣāntipāramitā ṛṣi).

78.121

Arriving together (同臻: [the second is pronounced] *zhi* + *shen* [zhēn]. The Kaosheng says it means 'to reach' or 'to assemble'. In ancient script, it took two *zhi* [至] written as 臸. The Shuowen has it taking *zhi* [至] and the phonetic *qin* [秦]. *Zhi* is pronounced *zhuang* + *se* [zhì]; *shen* is *se* + *zhen* [shēn]).

78.122

Ever winking (曾眴: [the second is pronounced] *xuan* + *juan* [xuàn]. The Kaosheng says it means movement of the eyes. It is also written as 䀏; both take the 'eye' radical [目]. In sūtra texts, it is mostly written with 䀏 as 眴, pronounced *shun* [shùn], unaware of the origin of the character, which is incorrect. All other cases follow this).

78.123

Gathering them (戢之: [the first is pronounced] *zan* + *se* [jí]. The Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says that *ji* [戢] means 'to gather'. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary says it means 'to restrict/frugal'. The Shuowen says it means to store weapons; it takes the 'halberd' radical [戈] and the phonetic component *qi* [咠]. *Qi* is pronounced *qin* + *xi* [qì]; *zan* is pronounced *zhuang* + *yin* [zān]).

78.124

Bursting forth (潰潰: pronounced *hui* [huì]. The Kaosheng says it means 'a cavity' and 'to disperse'. It takes the 'water' radical [水] and the phonetic component *gui* [貴]).

78.125

Vague / as if (髣髴: the first is [pronounced] *fang* + *wang* [fǎng]; the second is *fei* + *wei* [fèi]. The Kaosheng says it means seeing indistinctly. The Yunying says it means disordered. The Yunquan says it is an expression meaning the time is about to arrive).

78.126

Foul silt (淤泥: the first is [pronounced] *yu* + *ju* [yū]. Lexica say it is dark, foul-smelling mud in stagnant water of dirty pools; longstanding mud is called *yūní*).

78.127

Afflicted by illness (因瘵: [the second is pronounced] *zhuang* + *jie* [zhài], meaning severely ill).

78.128

Fingernails (指爪: [the second is pronounced] *zhuang* + *jiao* [zhǎo], a pictograph meaning fingernails. In the sūtra it is written with the 'hand' radical as 抓, which is a vulgar character).

78.129

Clawing oneself (自攫: [the second is pronounced] *ju* + *yue* [jué], meaning seizing and clawing one's own body with one's own fingernails, tearing the skin and flesh so that blood flows. The Shuowen says it means to tear/snatch; it takes the 'hand' radical [手] and the phonetic component *ju* [瞿]. Its sound is the same as above; *yue* [籰] is pronounced *wang* + *yue* [yuè]).

78.130

Curled up (捲屈: the first is [pronounced] *kui* + *yuan* [juǎn], meaning not stretched out).

78.131

Blazing light (燄光: [the first is pronounced] *yan* + *jian* [yàn], meaning the light of flames. In the sūtra it is written with *qian* [僉] as 㷿, which is incorrect).

78.132

Garment of sedge (葌衣: pronounced with the sounds *jian* and *yan* [jiān]. The Yupian says it is a fragrant herb. The Shuowen says it grows on Mount Wulin; it is a soft grass suitable for weaving into grass garments, also called raincoats).

78.133

Rejoicing (欣懌: [the second is] pronounced *yi* [yì], meaning joyful).

78.134

Bound into servitude (羈伇: the first is [pronounced] *ji* + *yi* [jī], meaning shackled, bound, or attached).

78.135

Poking them out (挑其: [the first is pronounced] *ti* + *yao* [tiāo], meaning gouging; gouging out with an awl, knife, or the like. It takes the 'hand' radical [手] and the phonetic component *zhao* [兆]. Gouging [抉] is pronounced *yuan* + *yue* [jué]).

78.136

Shouldering [a load] oneself (自檐: [the second is pronounced] *duo* + *gan* [dān], meaning carrying a burden on the shoulders).

78.137

Senile (老耄: the second is [pronounced] *mao* + *bao* [mào], meaning confused and forgetful; it is a vulgar character).

78.138

Oyster-shell creature (蠣蟲: pronounced *lai* [lì]. The Shuowen says it resembles a giant clam, a shelled creature produced in rivers and the sea).

78.139

Fleeing in a rush (犇而: the first is [pronounced] *ben* + *men* [bēn]. The Kaosheng says *ben* means to flee/run; nowadays written as 奔. The Shuowen says it refers to a herd of oxen stampeding; it is an ideogrammic compound of three oxen [犇]).

78.140

Gazing from afar (遙睹: [the second is pronounced] *du* + *gu* [dǔ], meaning to see).

78.141

Fascicle Nine

78.142

Folds of the robe (衣裓: the second is [pronounced] *gen* + *ke* [gé]. The Kaosheng says *ge* means the lapel or folds of a robe. The Shuowen notes it takes the 'clothing' radical [衣] and the phonetic component *jie* [戒]).

78.143

Pain and itch (痛痒: the second has the sound *yang* + *zhang* [yǎng], meaning a wind-illness in the skin and flesh. It takes the 'sickness' radical [疒], which is pronounced *ni* + *e* [nè]).

78.144

Bubbles rising (泡起: [the first is pronounced] *po* + *mao* [pào]. The Wenzidian shuo says it is floating froth on water. It takes the 'water' radical [水] and the phonetic component *bao* [包]).

78.145

O-he-sha (漚呵沙: the first is [pronounced] *a* + *hou* [ōu]. It is an inexact Sanskrit transcription, being the name of a realm of the buddhas).

78.146

Reviling and slandering (訿毀: the first is [pronounced] *zi* + *ci* [zǐ], meaning cursing, slandering, and humiliating).

78.147

Smearing the face (坌面: the first is [pronounced] *pen* + *men* [bèn]. The Shuowen says it means soil and dust defiling [something]. It is also written as 坋, taking the 'earth' radical [土] and the phonetic component *fen* [分]).

78.148

A single drop (一滴: [the second is pronounced] *ding* + *li* [dī]. The Shuowen says it means a water droplet. It takes the 'water' radical [水] and the phonetic component *di* [啇], which is pronounced the same as above. The sūtra writes it as 渧, which is incorrect).

78.149

Picking out (指擢: [the second is pronounced] *zhuang* + *zhuo* [zhuó]. The Kaosheng says it means selecting and singling out. It takes the 'hand' radical [手] and the phonetic component *zhai* [翟], which is pronounced *zhai* [dí] and takes the 'feather' radical [羽]).

78.150

Lifting [soil for] ditches (𢶏溝: [the first is pronounced] *bi* + *yao* [biāo]. The Kaosheng says it means to lift. The second has the sound *gou* [gōu]).

78.151

Ladle water (㪻水: the first is [pronounced] *jue* + *yuan* [juàn]. The Guangya says that 㪻 means 'to scoop/draw'. The Shuowen says that 㪻 means 'to measure'. It takes the 'dipper' radical [斗] and the phonetic component *luan* [䜌], which is pronounced *li* + *zhuan* [luán]. The sūtra writes it as 卷, which is incorrect).

78.152

A drifting boat (漂舟: the first is [pronounced] *pi* + *yao* [piāo]. The Yupian says *piao* means to drift with the current. The Shuowen says it means floating; it takes the 'water' radical [水] and the phonetic component *piao* [票]. In the sūtra it is written with *cun* [寸], which is incorrect).

78.153

Fascicle Ten

78.154

Shaking the rattle-drum (播鼗: the second is [pronounced] *dao* + *pang* [táo]. Zheng's commentary on the Rites agrees. The *tao* is a small drum with a handle; a person holds it and shakes it, and the pellets suspended by strings on the sides swing back to strike it themselves, producing sound. It is a phono-semantic character).

78.155

Feeding birds and beasts (飤鳥獸: the first has the sound *si* [sì], meaning giving food to birds and beasts. The Shuowen says it means provisions; it is an ideogrammic compound taking the 'eat' radical [食] and 'person' [人]. In the sūtra it is written as 飴, which is incorrect).

78.156

Clawing the face (攫面: [the first is pronounced] *kuang* + *yue* [jué], or *yue* has the sound *yu* + *yue* [yuè]. The Kaosheng says it means 'to seize/strike' [摶] and 'to tear' [扟]; grabbing and clawing someone's face with the hand. It is a phono-semantic character).

78.157

Peddling and selling (販賣: the first is [pronounced] *fan* + *wan* [fàn], meaning buying cheap and selling dear. The second is *mai* + *bai* [mài]; its orthodox form takes 'to go out' [出] and 'to buy' [買]. Vulgar usage nowadays writes it with 'earth' [土], which is a corrupt simplification).

78.158

Tree-fruits and ground-melons (果蓏: the first has the sound *guo* [guǒ], being a vulgar character; the second is [pronounced] *lu* + *guo* [luǒ]. Those growing on trees are called *guǒ*; those on the ground are called *luǒ*. It is a phono-semantic character taking the 'grass' radical [草] and two *guā* [瓜]).

78.159

Bartering a hawk ([(夕*(ㄗ@、))/貝]鷹: the first is [pronounced] *mao* + *hou* [mào], meaning commercial exchange, vulgarly written with *mǎo* [夘] as 貿 [mào], exchanging goods for goods. The second is *yi* + *jin* [yīng], a bird of prey that can catch hares; the Shuowen says it takes the 'bird' radical [鳥] and the phonetic component *yan* [雁]).

78.160

Torrential (滂沛: the first is [pronounced] *pu* + *mang* [pāng]; the second has the sound *pei* [pèi], meaning a vast flow of overflowing water. They are phono-semantic characters).

78.161

Muscles and flesh (肌肉: the first has the sound *ji* [jī]; the second is *rong* + *liu* [ròu], which is the orthodox character; the vulgar form using *liu* [六] is incorrect).

78.162

Sores and wounds (瘡痍; the first character is pronounced [chuāng], with the fanqie 創霜 [ch- + -(u)āng], meaning an injury to the flesh; the second is pronounced [yí], being an alternate term for a sore).

78.163

Elaphure and deer (麋鹿; the first character is pronounced [mí], with the fanqie 美悲 [m- + -(i)ēi], a kind of deer).

78.164

Bears and brown bears (熊羆; the first character is pronounced [xióng]; the second is pronounced [pí], meaning larger than a bear).

78.165

Eagles and vultures (鵰鷲; the first character is pronounced [diāo], a large bird capable of eating roe deer, red deer, foxes, and hares; the second character is pronounced [jiù]).

78.166

Gathering pell-mell ([撼-咸+(句-口+夕)]猥; the first character has the fanqie 宗董 [z- + -ǒng]; the Guangya says: "To knot; to amass." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To bind together into a bundle; it takes 'hand' (手) as semantic and 'sudden' (忽) as phonetic." In the sūtra text it is written as 捴, which is a popular form. The second character has the fanqie 烏悔 [w- + -ěi], meaning improper, disorderly, or unrestrained; it takes 'dog' (犬) as semantic and 'dread' (畏) as phonetic).

78.167

Thin and blemished (瘦疵; the first character has the fanqie 踈甃 [sh- + -(o)ù], which is a popular graph; the orthodox form is written 𤸃, but it has long ceased to be used; the second character is pronounced [cī], meaning a sore; when black hairs grow from the flesh, it is called a 疵 [blemish]).

78.168

Touching the ground (蹌地; with the fanqie 槍兩 [qi- + -ǎng], also pronounced in the level tone, meaning the head reaches the ground).

78.169

Ashamedly (恧然; the first character has the fanqie 女六 [n- + -(i)ù]; the Fangyan says: "恧 means ashamed; blushing with embarrassment; remorseful in mind; disgraced." It takes 'heart' (心) as semantic and 而 as phonetic).

78.170

To push against the crowd (𠊲眾; the first character has the fanqie 鈍訥 [d- + -(ù)n], meaning to butt against or collide with).

78.171

To seize ([爴]; in old pronunciation it has the fanqie 鬼碧 [gu- + -(ì)k]).

78.172

Dismembered (磔著; the first character has the fanqie 張革 [zh- + -(é)], which according to the sūtra's meaning must be the character for punitive dismemberment [罰磔]; it means exposing someone at the crossroads of the four thoroughfares so that everyone may point at, peck at, and humiliate them; in antiquity it was called the punishment of dismemberment [罰磔]).

78.173

Dispersing suddenly (開霍; with the fanqie 荒郭 [h- + -uò]; the Shuowen jiezi says: "Clouds dispersing; the orthodox graph takes 'rain' (雨) with 'short-tailed bird' (隹) to make 𲊌; the Shuowen jiezi says: '隹 is a bird; flying in the rain with a whooshing sound [霍霍]'"; in the sūtra text it is written with 'fire' (火) as 㸌, which is incorrect and an error of transcription).

78.174

Ditches and creeks (溝港; the first character has the fanqie 苟俟 [g- + -ǒu], meaning a water ditch; the second character has the fanqie 江巷 [g- + -iàng], also an alternate name for a water ditch; both take 'water' (水) as phonetic-semantic compounds).

78.175

Camphor and catalpa (樟梓; the first character is pronounced [zhāng]; the second is pronounced [zǐ], with the fanqie 茲死 [z- + -ǐ]; both are names of large trees of the south).

78.176

Felt and woolen rugs (氈𦋺; the first character has the fanqie 章然 [zh- + -ān]; the second has the fanqie 京例 [j- + -ì]; in the sūtra text it is written 旃, which is incorrect; the Jixun says: "Cloth made of hair." The second is sometimes written [糸*(罽-厂)], meaning weaving hair into a mat).

78.177

Turbid therein (彼溷; with the fanqie 魂困 [h- + -ùn], a character in the rising tone; 溷 means turbid and impure).

78.178

Fascicle 11

78.179

Clogs of… (之屐; with the fanqie 巨逆 [j- + -ì], which are the toothed wooden shoes of today; the character books say: "Clogs [屐] belong to the category of shoes [履]." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Shoes with wooden feet; it takes the abbreviated form of 履 with 支 as phonetic." In the sūtra text it is written 履, which is a vulgar character).

78.180

To sneer and laugh (嗤笑; the first character has the fanqie 齒之 [ch- + -ī]; the Mao Shi says: "嗤嗤 is the appearance of playful laughter"; the Han Shi says: "The appearance of harmonious joy in mind and intention"; the Wenzi dian shuo says: "It takes 'mouth' (口) with 蚩 as phonetic; 蚩 has the same sound as above").

78.181

Digging and tilling (掘墾; [the first character] has the fanqie 群欻 [q- + -ū]; the Yupian says: "掘 means to dig and break open the earth with a shovel or spade"; the Guangya says: "To bore into"; the Wenzi dian shuo says: "It takes 'hand' (手) with 屈 as phonetic." The second character has the fanqie 康很 [k- + -ěn]; the Kaosheng says: "墾 means to plow"; Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the Fangyan says: "To plow and cultivate by exerting force with a mattock"; the Gujin zhengzi says: "It takes 'earth' (土) with 豤 as phonetic").

78.182

About to bite (將齚; with the fanqie 柴窄 [zh- + -ài]; the Kaosheng says: "To bite"; the Shuowen jiezi writes it as 齰; it also has the fanqie 崢責 [zh- + -é]).

78.183

Impossible to obtain (叵得; the first character has the fanqie 坡麼 [p- + -ǒ], which has already been explained above in Fascicle 5).

78.184

Young macaque (𧵍猴子; the first character has the fanqie 矛候 [m- + -óu], already explained in Fascicle 7).

78.185

In a snare (於弶; the second character has the fanqie 強兩 [qi- + -ǎng]; the Wenzi jilüe says: "弶 means setting a snare along the roadway"; the Kaosheng says: "Using a bow-snare to trap birds and beasts"; the Gujin zhengzi says: "It takes 'bow' (弓) with 京 as phonetic").

78.186

Agate (碼碯; the first character has the fanqie 麻把 [m- + -ǎ]; the second has the fanqie 那老 [n- + -ǎo]; the Kaosheng says: "Agate resembles jade with black veins; it is also called mottled jade"; the character books say: "Agate is a stone second to jade"; the Wenzi dian shuo says: "Both characters take 'stone' (石) as semantic, with 馬 and [甾-十+乂] as phonetic, pronounced the same as above"; it is also written with 'jade' (玉) as 瑪瑙).

78.187

Fascicle 12

78.188

The rain clearing (雨霽; the second character has the fanqie 齊濟 [j- + -ì]; Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the Erya says: "The stopping of rain is 霽"; the Kaosheng says: "Clear and bright"; the Shuowen jiezi also says: "The stopping of rain; it takes 'rain' (雨) with 齊 as phonetic").

78.189

Depraved and defiled (姦穢; the first character has the fanqie 澗顏 [ji- + -ān]; the second has the fanqie 紆廢 [w- + -èi]; the character books say: "Unclean"; the Gujin zhengzi says: "Defiled and foul; it takes 'grain' (禾) with 歲 as phonetic"; it is also interchangeably written as 薉).

78.190

Falsely and wrongfully (誣撗; the first character is pronounced [wú]; Du [Yu]'s commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "誣 means to deceive"; the Kaosheng says: "To heap slander upon; to wrong"; Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Liji says: "誣 is like false; to deceive"; the Shuowen jiezi says: "To fabricate words; it takes 'words' (言) with 巫 as phonetic; 巫 is pronounced the same as above." The second character has the fanqie 鍠孟 [hu- + -àng]; the Yunlüe says: "擴 means arriving contrary to reason"; the Shiji says: "Licentious and unrestrained"; the Kaosheng says: "Not conforming to reason"; the Gujin zhengzi says: "It takes 'hand' (手) with 黃 as phonetic"; in the sūtra text it is sometimes written with 'wood' (木) as 橫; both forms are permissible and used interchangeably).

78.191

Clasping tightly (蜜搏; the second character has the fanqie 叚鸞 [tu- + -án]; the Guangya says: "搏手 means digging the hands together"; the Shuowen jiezi says: "It takes 'hand' (手) with 專 as phonetic").

78.192

Universal Leader (溥𩠐; the first character is pronounced [pǔ]; it is the name of a bodhisattva; it derives from 尃).

78.193

Perilous and fragile (危脆; the second character has the fanqie 詮銳 [cu- + -ì]; the Guangya says: "脆 means frail"; the Shuowen jiezi says: "脆 means meat that is tender and easily cut; it takes 'meat' (肉) with the abbreviated form of 絕 as phonetic; 耎 has the fanqie 而兖 [r- + -uǎn]").

78.194

Sinews and hide (筋皮; the first character is pronounced [jīn]; the Zhouli says: "The master physician nourishes the sinews"; the Shuowen jiezi says: "The strength of muscle and flesh; it takes 'bamboo' (竹) because among things it possesses many fibers, and takes 'strength' (力) depicting the sinew"; in the sūtra text it is written with 'grass' (草) as 荕, which is incorrect).

78.195

Toad (蝦蟆; the first character has the fanqie 下加 [xi- + -á]; the second has the fanqie 馬巴 [m- + -á]; the Cang Jie pian says: "The 蝦蟆 is an aquatic creature; it is also called a toad [蟾蠩]"; the Shuowen jiezi writes it as 蝦蟇; both characters take 'insect' (虫) as semantic).

78.196

Necklace (瓔珞; the first character has the fanqie 益盈 [y- + -īng]; the second has the fanqie 郎各 [l- + -uò]; the Kaosheng says: "Neck ornament; it is a phonetic-semantic compound taking 'jade' (玉) as semantic").

78.197

Fascicle 13

78.198

Yubi (鬱鞞; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 陛迷 [b- + -(i)ē]; it is Sanskrit).

78.199

Sorrowful and bewildered (愁憒; the second character has the fanqie 古對 [g- + -uì]; the Kaosheng says: "憒憒 means deep sorrow"; the Cang Jie pian says: "Disturbed in mind; it takes 'heart' (心) with 貴 as phonetic").

78.200

Awakened with a start (驚覺; the second character has the fanqie 交効 [ji- + -ào], or read according to its standard graph as 角 [jué]; the Kaosheng says: "覺 means waking from sleep"; Gu Yewang says: "To sleep"; the Shuowen jiezi says: "To wake up; it takes 'seeing' (見) with an abbreviated 学 as phonetic; it is a borrowed phonetic character").

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Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese