一切經音義 82
English (machine translation) 82
- Language
- English
82.1
Compiled by the Translator Śramaṇa Huilin
82.2
The single record above in twelve fascicles shares the phonetic glosses of this fascicle; preface by Jing Bo, Gentleman of the Editorial Service in the Palace Library.
82.3
Preface to the Record of the Western Regions
82.4
不暨 Not reached (pronounced [in fanqie] 其 + 冀; Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "暨 means to reach." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 且 as semantic and 既 as phonetic;" it is also written as 泉).
82.5
蔡愔 Cai Yin (pronounced [in fanqie] 楫 + 心; a person's clan name and personal name).
82.6
閹竪 Palace eunuchs (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 奄 + 炎; the second is pronounced [in fanqie] 殊 + 主; Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: "An 閹 is one whose seminal essence is locked away; today they are called palace men." The Shuowen says: "豎 means a palace gatekeeper or door-closer; formed with 'gate' (門) as semantic and 奄 as phonetic; 豎 is formed with 臤 and 豆 as phonetic;" the preface writes it with the popular character 竪).
82.7
成釁 Breach is formed (pronounced [in fanqie] 肸 + 覲; Jia Kui says: "釁 means an omen;" meaning an omen of disaster. Du Yu says: "A crack or breach; to stir." The Shuowen says: "Formed with abbreviated 爨 and 酉, which is used for sacrificial anointing; 分 is phonetic;" the preface writes it with the popular character 舋).
82.8
恢畺 Vast borders (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 苦 + 迴; Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "恢 means vast." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 'heart' (心) as semantic and 灰 as phonetic;" the preface writes it as 𱞒, which does not form a legitimate character. The second character is pronounced [in fanqie] 居 + 良; the Mao commentary to the Shijing says: "畺 means a boundary." The Guliang says: "A frontier." The Erya says: "An edge." Guo's commentary says: "It governs borderlands that hang on the outside." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 畕 and three lines marking boundaries;" it is also written with 'earth' (土) as 壃).
82.9
眷西海 Gaze towards the Western Sea (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 厥 + 媛; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "眷 means to look." The Shijing commentary says: "To look back fondly." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 'eye' (目) as semantic and 龹 as phonetic;" it is also written as 𰦀 or 𲁏; the preface writes it with the popular character 睠).
82.10
杼軸 Shuttles and rollers (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 除 + 旅; the second is pronounced [in fanqie] 蟲 + 陸; Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says: "There were no other goods, only silk and hemp; now the shuttles and rollers stand idle and unproductive." The Fangyan says: "杼軸 means to work; in eastern Qi, earthenware work is called 杼, and wooden work is called 軸." The Shuowen says: "The device holding the weft on a loom; formed with 'wood' (木) as semantic and 予 as phonetic").
82.11
長騖 Rushing far and wide (pronounced [in fanqie] 無 + 付; Guo Pu says: "騖 means to gallop." Gu Yewang says: "To gallop swiftly." The Chuci says: "Suddenly rushing and galloping in pursuit." The Guangya says: "To run." The Shuowen says: "To gallop wildly; formed with 'horse' (馬) as semantic and 敄 as phonetic").
82.12
攙搶 Comets (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 扠 + 銜; the second is pronounced [in fanqie] 策 + 庚; names of baleful stars).
82.13
豺狼 Jackals and wolves (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 仕 + 皆; the second is pronounced 郎).
82.14
鬼蜮 Demons and sand-shooters (pronounced [in fanqie] 于 + 逼; the Mao Shijing says: "Acting as ghosts, acting as yù;" the commentary says: "The short fox (sand-spitter)." Liu Zhao says: "It is shaped like a soft-shelled turtle and holds sand in its mouth to shoot at people; when it hits a person's skin it causes harm." The Shuowen says: "A three-legged creature that harms people by spitting sand with its breath; formed with 'insect' (虫) as semantic and 或 as phonetic").
82.15
之墟 Its ruins (pronounced [in fanqie] 去 + 餘; the Shenglei says: "A former dwelling site." Jia Kui says: "A 墟 is like a pit/hollow." The Gujin zhengzi says: "Land that is destroyed and left without successors; formed with 'earth' (土) as semantic and 虛 as phonetic").
82.16
槀街 Gaojie (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 高 + 老; the second is pronounced 階; the meaning has already been explained in a previous fascicle).
82.17
柢殊俗 Reach different custom-lands (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 丁 + 禮; the Kaosheng says: "柢 means to return to, to resist, to capture, or to arrive." The Shuowen says: "To press/expel; formed with 'hand' (手) as semantic and 氐 as phonetic;" 擠 is pronounced [in fanqie] 子 + 系).
82.18
驟徙 Migrate repeatedly (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 愁 + 救; Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "聚 means frequently." Jia Kui says: "Swiftly." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 'horse' (馬) as semantic and 聚 as phonetic." The second character is pronounced [in fanqie] 思 + 紫; Gu Yewang says: "徙 means to move." The Shuowen writes it as 𰺵, stating: "To move; formed with 辵 as semantic and 止 as phonetic;" in ancient script it is written as [這-言+(禾*(夕/炎))]).
82.19
启妙覺 Reveal the wondrous awakening (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 谿 + 禮; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "启 means to open." Zheng Xuan says: "To uncover." The Shuowen writes it with 'door' (戶) as 啟).
82.20
不窺 Never spied into (pronounced [in fanqie] 跬 + 規; in the Record it is written with the popular character 窺).
82.21
屆于 Arrive at (pronounced [in fanqie] 皆 + 薤; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "屆 means to arrive." Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says: "屆 means to lodge/halt." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 'body' (尸) as semantic and 由 as phonetic").
82.22
頓顙 Knock the brow (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 敦 + 困; the second is pronounced [in fanqie] 桑 + 朗; the Fangyan says: "顙 means forehead." To knock the brow means to bow touching the forehead to the ground. He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: "Like kowtowing today." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 'head' (頁) as semantic and 桑 as phonetic").
82.23
梯山 Scale mountains with ladders (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 體 + 奚).
82.24
奉賮 Present farewell gifts (pronounced [in fanqie] 秦 + 忍; the Cangjie pian says: "Wealth and commodities." The Shuowen says: "Ritual gifts presented at meetings; formed with 'cowrie/money' (貝) as semantic and 𱫮 as phonetic;" 𱫮 is pronounced [in fanqie] 徐 + 引).
82.25
握槧 Grasp the writing tablet (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 厄 + 學; the Jixun says: "握 means to hold." The second character is pronounced [in fanqie] 慙 + 敢; the Shiming says: "Writing tablets and wooden slips that are three feet in length." The Shuowen says: "A slip of wood for writing; formed with 'wood' (木) as semantic and 斬 as phonetic").
82.26
一袠 One case (pronounced [in fanqie] 陳 + 栗; also written as 帙, or 袟, or 怢).
82.27
瑣詞 Trivial words (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 思 + 果; the Mao Shijing says: "瑣瑣 means small and petty." Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya says: "瑣 refers to the small and meager appearance of a single vessel." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 'jade' (玉) as semantic and 𧴪 as phonetic;" 𧴪 has the same pronunciation as above).
82.28
逖聽 Listen from afar (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 汀 + 歷; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "逖 means far." The Shuowen gives the same meaning: "Formed with 辵 as semantic and 狄 as phonetic;" in ancient script it is written with 易 as 逷. The second character is pronounced [in fanqie] 汀 + 性).
82.29
凱澤 Vast beneficence (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 開 + 改; the Guangya says: "凱 means grand").
82.30
緬惟 Thinking back distantly (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 綿 + 演; Jia Kui says: "緬 describes reflecting upon something." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 'silk' (糸) as semantic and 面 as phonetic").
82.31
清泠 Pure and refreshing (pronounced [in fanqie] 歷 + 汀; Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "清泠 describes a cool and refreshing appearance." The Shuowen says: "Formed with 'water' (水) as semantic and 令 as phonetic").
82.32
財賄 Wealth and goods (pronounced [in fanqie] 灰 + 猥; the Kaosheng says: "Cloth and silk are called 賄;" also written as 晦; fully explained in the preceding fascicles of sounds and meanings).
82.33
獷[田/山/大/丰] Fierce and unruly (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 古 + 猛; the Shuowen says: "獷 means a vicious dog that cannot be approached; formed with 'dog' (犬) as semantic and 廣 as phonetic." The second character is pronounced [in fanqie] 袍 + 報; its standard form is written with [(犀-尸)-牛+十] as [日/出/八/((犀-尸)-牛+十)]; the Kaosheng says: "It means to trespass, or sudden;" now in the Record it is written with 'rice' as 㬥, which is the character for drying in the sun, not the meaning intended here).
82.34
毳帳 Felt tent (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 齒 + 苪; Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: "毳 is fine, thick fleece." Zheng Zhong says: "毳 means coarse woollen clothing." Guo Pu says: "毳 refers to worn goods." The Shuowen says: "毳 means the fine hair of beasts; formed of three 'hair' (毛) graphs." The second character is pronounced [in fanqie] 張 + 亮).
82.35
穹廬 Dome-shaped tent (yurt) (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 丘 + 弓; Guo Pu says: "The vault of heaven is domed and arched, hence it is named after it." The second character is pronounced [in fanqie] 呂 + 居; Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "廬 means a cottage/hut." The Mao Shijing commentary says: "廬 means a temporary lodging." The Hetu says: "The Yellow Emperor made huts to avoid heat and cold." Note: Yurts (穹廬) are felt huts and tents used by the northern and western barbarians; the top is high and rounded, resembling the grand vault of the sky, and is lofty and vast, hence called 穹廬 ('vaulted hut'). The residences of kings and chieftains can accommodate a hundred people; ordinary commoners have their entire family live together in a single tent. When on the move, they pack them on horses and camels and carry the felt tents away).
82.36
Great Tang Record of the Western Regions, Fascicle 1 (Thirty-four kingdoms)
82.37
Compiled under imperial order by the Tripiṭaka Śramaṇa Xuanzang
82.38
阿耆尼國 The Kingdom of Agni (pronounced [in fanqie] 佶 + 伊; a Hu word; also transcribed as Yanqi (焉耆); 佶 is pronounced [in fanqie] 巨 + 乙).
82.39
屈支國 The Kingdom of Kuci (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 君 + 物; that is, the kingdom of Qiuci (Kucha) under the Anxi Protectorate).
82.40
跋祿迦國 The Kingdom of Bālukā (pronounced [in fanqie] 盤 + 末).
82.41
笯赤建國 The Kingdom of Nujkend (pronounced 努).
82.42
赭時國 The Kingdom of Čač (pronounced [in fanqie] 之 + 夜; that is, the land of the Tajiks/Arabs).
82.43
𭜖桿國 The Kingdom of Farg̱ẖāna (pronounced [in fanqie] 番 + 發; the second is pronounced 旱; also called the Kingdom of Bahanna).
82.44
窣堵利瑟那國 The Kingdom of Sutṛṣṇa (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 孫 + 訥; the next is pronounced 覩).
82.45
颯秣建國 The Kingdom of Samarkand (the first character is pronounced [in fanqie] 桑 + 帀; 秣 is pronounced 末).
82.46
The Kingdom of Mimaha; the Kingdom of Kaputana (呾 is pronounced with the fanqie 單割 [d- + -(w)āt = dat]).
82.47
The Kingdom of Kuṣāṇika (霜 takes the falling tone, or the rising tone; 儞 is pronounced with the fanqie 寧頂 [n- + -eŋ = nǐŋ]; 伽 is sometimes written 迦, which is also acceptable).
82.48
The Kingdom of Khovāśm; the Kingdom of Bukhārā; the Kingdom of Betik; the Kingdom of Khwārazm.
82.49
The Kingdom of Keś; the Kingdom of Termez; the Kingdom of Čaghāniyān (pronounced 五各 [ng- + -âk = ngâk]).
82.50
The Kingdom of Khulm; the Kingdom of Shumān (phonetic loan characters; its pronunciation is given in the record itself).
82.51
The Kingdom of Kuvāyān; the Kingdom of Vakhsh (pronounced 黃郭 [w- + -âk = wâk]).
82.52
The Kingdom of Khuttal (pronounced 可何 [k- + -â = kâ]).
82.53
The Kingdom of Kumādh (拘 is pronounced like 俱; the lower character [謎] is pronounced with the fanqie 迷閉 [m- + -ei = mei]).
82.54
The Kingdom of Baghlān (pronounced 立錦 [l- + -im = lim]).
82.55
The Kingdom of Balkh; the Kingdom of Ruimuk; the Kingdom of Jūzgān (寔 is pronounced with the fanqie 承力 [zh- + -ik = zhik]).
82.56
The Kingdom of Tālikān (pronounced 勒割 [l- + -āt = lat]).
82.57
The Kingdom of Skāc (揭 is pronounced like 羯).
82.58
The Kingdom of Bāmiyān; the Kingdom of Kapiśa. (The above two kingdoms are Brahminical. These thirty-four kingdoms were passed through by the Tripiṭaka Master along his route; all are Barbarian kingdoms, and their designations are likewise Barbarian languages, not Sanskrit. The characters now glossed for sound merely take their phonetic values to echo the Barbarian words, without seeking the literal meanings of the characters. The reason why the prefectures and commanderies east of the Great Desert are not discussed is because they lie within the territory of the Tang state, and each already has its own national scriptures. This record begins west of the Great Desert, describing barbarian lands whose human customs and products differ from this [realm], which is why it records them.)
82.59
The Kingdom of Agni. (This is the first kingdom to the west of the two deserts. 耆 is pronounced like 祇. Anciently called Yingyi, or Wuyi, or Wuqi. That is, among the garrisons of Anxi, it is one of those garrisons, seven hundred li west of Anxi. In Han times, the cities of Loulan, Shanshan, Weixu, Weili, and so forth, were all in this land. Some relocated their capitals and altered their settlements, some resided in this city, some dwelled in that domain; some took names following their lords, or annexed and destroyed one another; hence there are many names, all adjacent to one another. Today some are mounds and ruins.)
82.60
[Deer/grain/er]-millet (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 靡碑 [m- + -ie = mie]. The Kaosheng says: "[Deer/grain/er] is panicled millet." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It is composed of 𮮑, with 麋 abbreviated as phonetic." Contemporary popular usage sometimes writes it with 禾 or with 麻, both of which are incorrect. Character dictionaries say: "It is a kind of broomcorn millet; it resembles broomcorn millet but is not sticky." Some call it panicled millet; it comes in white, yellow, red, and black varieties, all of which can be cooked as grain).
82.61
The Kingdom of Kucha (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 君物 [j- + -ut = jut]. Anciently called Yuezhi, or written 月氏, or called Qūcī, or named Wusun, or named Wulei. According to investigation, barbarian states often establish their names based on deceased kings, or establish their appellations according to their territory or city. This is the present kingdom of Qiuci, which is the land of Anxi. As for the many names above, none depart from the territory of Anxi).
82.62
Flattened and thin (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 邊辮 [b- + -iɛn = biɛn]; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 體奚 [t- + -ei = tei]. The Zitong says: "[Bianxi] means thin and wide in appearance." Both characters are composed of 匚; 匚 is pronounced like 方. Some write them with the cliff radical as [┌@扁][┌@虎], or with the walking radical as 逼遞; both are incorrect. Taking them as composed of 匚 is standard).
82.63
Perverse and intractable (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 籠董 [l- + -uŋ = luŋ]; the lower character is pronounced like 麗. According to the meaning in the scripture, being stubborn and difficult to tame is called perverse and intractable. 戾 is composed of 犬 [dog]; it arose likely due to the idiom of the times. Sūtra commentators created it purposefully to conform to contemporary usage; the character dictionaries did not previously have this character).
82.64
Living beings (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 疾曜 [dz- + -iɛu = dziɛu]. The Yunquan says: "噍 means to chew, to gnaw." The Gujin zhengzi gives it as composed of 口 with 焦 as phonetic).
82.65
Spacious and open (pronounced with the fanqie 昌掌 [ch- + -aŋ = chaŋ]. The Yunquan says: "敞 means broad." The Cangjie pian says: "High and prominent." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Levelled high ground from which one can gaze into the distance; composed of 攴, pronounced 普卜 [p- + -uk = puk], with 尚 as phonetic").
82.66
Elderly (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 佶伊 [k- + -i = ki]. The Han Shi says: "耆 means great." The Erya says: "耆 means elder." The Liji says: "One who is sixty is called 耆." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Aged; composed of 老 with 旨 as phonetic." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 五葢 [ng- + -ai = ngai]. The Liji says: "One who is fifty is called 𦫿." The Erya says: "𦫿 means to nourish." The Fangyan says: "Between Qi and Lu, whenever an elder is honoured, they are called 𦫿." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Mugwort (artemisia); composed of 艸 with 艾 as phonetic." 佶 is pronounced 巨乙 [g- + -it = git]).
82.67
The Kingdom of Bālukā (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 盤末 [b- + -wāt = bat]. This country produces fine, high-quality white cotton cloth and fine woollen carpets, which are valued by neighbouring countries and China. Contemporaries call it Balu cotton cloth, but in reality it is woollen fabric; as stated in the Kuodi zhi).
82.68
Bitterly cold (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 錯敢 [ts- + -am = tsam]. The Fangyan says: "慘 means distress." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Poisonous; composed of 心 with 參 as phonetic." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 連哲 [l- + -iɛt = liɛt]; also written 冽).
82.69
Ochre garments (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 遮野 [zh- + -ia = zhia]. Guo Pu says: "Ochre is red earth." The Fangyan says: "Between Southern Chu and the Eastern Sea, red is sometimes called ochre." It means garments of a reddish colour like ochre. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Composed of 赤 with 者 as phonetic").
82.70
Rushing torrent (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 古筆 [k- + -it = kit]. The Hanshu yinyi says: "汩 describes the swift flow of water." The Fangyan says: "Fast." The Gujin zhengzi gives it as composed of 水 with 曰 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 溫骨 [w- + -wət = wət]. The Kaosheng says: "淴 describes water bursting through").
82.71
Barely having (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 徂故 [dz- + -u = dzu]).
82.72
Fearful and cowardly (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 丘王 [kh- + -waŋ = khwaŋ]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "恇 means fear." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Cowardly; composed of 心 with 匡 as phonetic." 匡 has the same pronunciation as above. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 羌業 [kh- + -iap = khiap]).
82.73
Plains and swamps (pronounced with the fanqie 尋立 [s- + -ip = sip]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "𨻋 means the water's edge." The Erya says: "Low-lying and flooded land is called 𨻋." The Guangya says: "𨻋 means marsh." The Gujin zhengzi gives it as composed of 𨸏 with [一/(ㄠ*〡*ㄠ)/工] as phonetic).
82.74
Rich and fertile (the upper character is pronounced like 高; the lower character is pronounced like 臾).
82.75
The Kingdom of Samarkand (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 三合 [s- + -ap = sap]; the lower character is pronounced like 末).
82.76
Mimaha (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 蜜婢 [m- + -i = mi]).
82.77
The Kingdom of Ferghana (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 訶遏 [h- + -āt = hat]; the lower character is pronounced like 汗).
82.78
Rugged and precipitous (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 綺冝 [kh- + -ie = khie]; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 曲隅 [kh- + -u = khu]).
82.79
Steep and towering (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 蹌醮 [tsh- + -iɛu = tshiɛu]. The Shuowen jiezi writes it 陗, saying: "Steep; composed of 阜 with 肖 as phonetic." In the Record it is written 峭, a commonly accepted popular form. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 荀駿 [s- + -iun = siun]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "峻 means grand." The Shuowen jiezi says: "陗; composed of 山 with 夋 as phonetic; properly written [峻]").
82.80
Pattern and appearance (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 莫晡 [m- + -uo = muo]; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 羊尚 [y- + -aŋ = yaŋ]).
82.81
Scarce and few (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 仙淺 [s- + -iɛn = siɛn]; properly written 尟, also written 鮮).
82.82
Khuttal (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 可何 [k- + -â = kâ]; the middle character is pronounced with the fanqie 敦骨 [t- + -wət = twət]).
82.83
The Kingdom of Munjan (pronounced 莫崩 [m- + -əŋ = məŋ]; a Barbarian word).
82.84
Khulm (the upper character is pronounced like 恨 in the entering tone).
82.85
Hulin (pronounced 立錦 [l- + -im = lim]; a Barbarian word, do not seek literal character meaning).
82.86
Dazzling (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 玄練 [h- + -en = hen]; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 遙要 [y- + -eu = yeu]. "Dazzling" denotes flames and radiance flickering unsettled. 曜 is composed of 光; writing it with 火 as 燿 is incorrect).
82.87
Broom (pronounced 周酉 [zh- + -iu = zhiu]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "帚 is composed of 又 holding a cloth to sweep within the doorway; 冖 is pronounced 癸營 [k- + -weŋ = kweŋ]. In ancient times, Shaokang first made winnowing baskets and brooms, and also made sorghum liquor. Shaokang was Du Kang. 帚 is the sweeping broom of today." Writing it with the bamboo radical as 箒 is a popular character form).
82.88
Stūpa (a Sanskrit word; the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 孫骨 [s- + -wət = swət], the next is pronounced like 覩; that is, a brick pagoda enshrining relics).
82.89
Constantly illuminating (sometimes written 燭; to illuminate).
82.90
Spokes converging (the upper character is pronounced like 福; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 倉候 [tsh- + -əu = tshəu]. The Yunying says: "Spokes converge at the hub." Writing it with the water radical as 湊 is an error).
82.91
Untiring (pronounced like 戒; pronouncing it like 嫁 is incorrect. This refers to the elder merchants Trapuṣa and Bhallika offering roasted flour and honey to the Buddha. The Buddha bestowed his hair and nail-clippings, instructing them to build a stūpa for worship. When they asked how to construct it, the Tathāgata folded his threefold robes into a foundation, inverted his almsbowl over the robes as the stūpa body, and erected his khakkhara staff beside it as the wheel-rings. The two elders took the hair and nails back to their home city and each erected a stūpa, which can still be seen today. This was where the Buddha first ordered the building of stūpas, right in the territory of the Kingdom of Balkh).
82.92
Jūzgān (pronounced 承力 [zh- + -ik = zhik]; a Barbarian word).
82.93
Stony and barren (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 巧交 [kh- + -au = khau]; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 苦角 [kh- + -ak = khak]. Gu Yewang says: "磽 means hard; when ground is hard and unyielding it is lean and unsuitable for the five grains." The Shuowen jiezi says: "磽确 means stony land." The Kaosheng says: "礊 means thin soil." Both are phono-semantic compound characters).
82.94
Evil calamity (pronounced 戍醉 [sh- + -wī = shwī]. The Guicang says: "祟 belongs to the Arbiter of Fate." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A supernatural curse; composed of 示 and 出; an ideogrammic compound").
82.95
Crude and indecent (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 悲美 [b- + -i = bi]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "鄙 means a border town; crude and lacking wisdom is designated a rustic person." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Composed of 邑 with 啚 as phonetic." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 恬協 [t- + -ep = tep]. In the Xiyu ji, [the word written] with 褻 is identical to the one written here with 衣 underneath 執 as 褺; it means crude and untidy, not clear and distinct. Adjacent to the northern barbarian frontiers, it is crude and vulgar. Located in the snowy mountains, bordering Tokhāra, it belongs to the borders of Northern India).
82.96
Awed and terrified (the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 占葉 [ch- + -iap = chiap]; 懾 means terrified).
82.97
Impoverished and destitute (pronounced with the fanqie 劬禹 [g- + -u = gu]. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing on "utterly destitute and impoverished" says: "Lacking the means to observe propriety in dwelling; impoverished without wealth to perform propriety is called 寠." Guo's commentary on the Erya says: "It denotes plain and wretched").
82.98
Widowers and widows (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 古頒 [k- + -an = kan]. The Liji says: "Old and without a wife is called a widower." The Guoyu says: "When marrying and taking wives is delayed past the due season, it is called widowerhood." The Shiming says: "Distressed and anxious, unable to sleep, eyes wide like a fish; hence the character is composed of 魚 [fish], for a fish's eyes never close, and 𥄳, pronounced 談合 [d- + -ap = dap]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Eyes turned against each other; it also conveys the sense of being solitary; an ideogrammic compound." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 古瓦 [k- + -wa = kwa]. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "Losing one's partner is called widowhood." The Liji says: "Old and without a husband is called a widow." The Guangya says: "寡 means solitary, weak." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Few; composed of 宀 with 頒 below; 頒 means to distribute, hence it means few").
82.99
Vast and open (pronounced with the fanqie 昌掌 [ch- + -aŋ = chaŋ]. The Cangjie pian says: "High and prominent." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Levelled high ground from which one can gaze afar; composed of 文 with 尚 as phonetic." The Yunquan says: "Spacious").
82.100
Greedy and rapacious (pronounced with the fanqie 攬耽 [l- + -am = lam]. The Kaosheng says: "Greedy; voracious; unprincipled; a diviner speaking deceitful omens." Sometimes written with 心 as 惏 or 𢛓; the pronunciation is the same and the glossed meaning identical).
82.101
Mount Juranāhi (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 士于 [zh- + -u = zhu]; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 馨異 [h- + -i = hi]. A Sanskrit name; some editions write 租羅那縊, where 縊 is pronounced 伊計 [ʔ- + -ei = ʔei]; this is a Sanskrit phonetic corruption).
82.102
Overspreading and sheltering (pronounced with the fanqie 陶到 [t- + -au = tau]. The Zuozhuan says: "Like heaven leaving nothing uncovered." Du Yu says: "燾 means to cover over." The Fangyan says: "燾 means to carry." Guo Pu says: "Both meanings of covering and carrying are valid." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Universally covering and illuminating").
82.103
Record of the Western Regions, Fascicle Two: Three Kingdoms
82.104
Saline-alkali soil (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 星亦 [s- + -iɛk = siɛk], or written with the water radical as 瀉. The Kaosheng says: "鹵 denotes barren land." The Yunquan says: "鹵 is salty land; sometimes written 㡿, which means salt marsh, probably because it is forsaken by humans, hence called 㡿鹵." The lower character is pronounced like 魯, its meaning being the same as above).
82.105
Farmland ridges (the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 長流 [ch- + -iu = chiu]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Cultivated and tilled fields; depicting the winding furrows of plowing; a phono-semantic character." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 龍腫 [l- + -uŋ = luŋ]).
82.106
膏腴 (fertile): The first character is pronounced gāo. The second character is the fanqie 翼 (y-) + 朱 (zhū) [yú].
82.107
月虧 (waning moon): The fanqie 屈 (q-) + 為 (wéi) [kuī]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "It means diminished. It takes 雐 (pronounced hū) and 亐 as semantic components; it is sometimes written with 𠔃."
82.108
闤闠 (market streets and gates): The first character is pronounced huán; the Guangya says: "闤 means a road." The second character is pronounced huì; the Gujin zhengzi says: "闠 is the outer gate of a market." Both are phono-semantic characters.
82.109
甎墼 (unbaked and baked bricks): The first character is pronounced zhuān. The second character is the fanqie 經 (j-) + 亦 (yì) [jī]. It is a phono-semantic character.
82.110
榱梠 (rafters and eaves): The first character is the fanqie 率 (sh-) + 追 (zhuī) [shuī]. Guo's commentary on the Erya says: "榱 means roof rafter (chuán)." The Shuowen jiezi says: "In Qin it was called roof rafter (wuchuán), the people of Zhou called it 榱, while Qi and Lu called it 桷. Today the people of Chu also call it juézi." The second character is pronounced lǚ; Guo's commentary on the Fangyan says: "梠 means roof eaves." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A lintel; also called continuous eaves." Now in the region of Qin it is called 'connected eaves' (liányán); calling it 梠 is the Chu dialect. It is also commonly called chuánlǚ (rafters and eaves).
82.111
隩室 (inner chamber): The first character is pronounced ào. The Erya says: "The south-west corner within an interior room."
82.112
襜衣 (apron garment): The fanqie 昌 (ch-) + 占 (zhān) [chān]. The Yunquan says: "襜 is a knee-cover; a single length hanging straight in front, also called 'front-cover.'"
82.113
菆摩 (kṣauma cloth): The first character is the fanqie 芻 (ch-) + 數 (shù) [chù]. It is Sanskrit (kṣauma). It is made of hemp; though coarse, it is refined.
82.114
𩓒鉢羅衣 (kambala robe): The first character is pronounced qīn. It is Sanskrit (kambala), the name of a superior fine garment, a fine woolen fabric.
82.115
褊衣 (narrow garment): The fanqie 必 (b-) + 沔 (miǎn) [biǎn]. The Erya says: "A 褊 garment is tight." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Small. It takes 衣 as semantic component and 扁 as phonetic component."
82.116
椎髻 (mallet-shaped topknot): The first character is the fanqie 直 (zh-) + 追 (zhuī) [chuí]. A topknot resembling the shape of an iron mallet.
82.117
僧卻崎 (saṃkakṣikā): 卻 is the orthodox form of the character 却; it takes 卩 (pronounced jié) as semantic component, and 𠯑 (fanqie 強 qiáng + 𤷡 qū) [què] as phonetic component. 崎 is the fanqie 羌 (qi-) + 冝 (yí) [qí]. 僧却崎 (saṃkakṣikā) is Sanskrit; in the Tang language it is called "underarm-covering vest" (yǎnyèyī).
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泥嚩些那 (nivāsana): 嚩 is the fanqie 無 (w-) + 割 (gē) [wá]. The last character is the fanqie 桑 (s-) + 何 (hé) [sā]. Sanskrit for the rectangular monastic skirt; the ancient translation was 'niepan seng' (nivāsana).
82.119
帶襻 (belt loop): The fanqie 普 (p-) + 慢 (màn) [pàn].
82.120
為襵 (making pleats): The fanqie 霑 (zh-) + 躡 (niè) [zhé]. Small folds; the pleats at the waist of a skirt.
82.121
大賈 (great merchant): Pronounced gǔ; a popular variant. A merchant who sells goods sitting in a shop. To pronounce it with the fanqie 加 (jiā) + 雅 (yǎ) [jiǎ] is incorrect. It takes 貝 as semantic component and is topped by [大-一+(土*土)] (pronounced gǔ), which is an ancient character for 估 (trader).
82.122
盥洗 (washing hands): The first character is the fanqie 官 (g-) + 短 (duǎn) [guǎn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To wash the hands. It takes 臼 (the fanqie 弓 gōng + 六 liù [jū]), 水 (water), overlooking a 皿 (basin). It is an ideogrammic compound and also a pictograph." 皿 is the fanqie 明 (m-) + 秉 (bǐng) [mǐng].
82.123
寓物 (lodging in things): Pronounced yù. The Yunquan says: "寓 means to lodge (jì)."
82.124
枝派 (tributary branch): The fanqie 拍 (p-) + 賣 (mài) [pài]. A tributary branching off water; derived from the character 𠂢 (water) found in the Shuowen jiezi.
82.125
研覈 (investigate thoroughly): The fanqie 莖 (j-) + 革 (gé) [hé]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To examine the truth. It takes 覀 as semantic component; 覀 is pronounced jiǎ."
82.126
提撕 (to prompt and instruct): The fanqie 思 (s-) + 奚 (xī) [sī]. When examined: 提撕 means to analyze item by item and explain skillfully. Both take 手 as semantic component.
82.127
逋逸 (absconding): The fanqie 補 (b-) + 胡 (hú) [bū]. The Guangya says: "逋 means to flee in concealment." The Cang Jie pian says: "Not arriving." Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "逋 means to flee and perish."
82.128
拘縶 (to restrain and fetter): The fanqie 知 (zh-) + 立 (lì) [zhí]. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "縶 means to hobble. It takes 糸 as semantic component and 執 as phonetic component." When examined: 縶 also means to tie up.
82.129
羇旅 (sojourner): The first character is the fanqie 寄 (j-) + 冝 (yí) [jī]. The Guangya says: "羇 means to lodge." It takes 𠔿 as semantic component and 䩭 as phonetic component; 䩭 has the same sound as above. In the text it is written with 馬, which is incorrect here. The second character is the fanqie 力 (l-) + 舉 (jǔ) [lǚ]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "羇旅 means a lodging guest." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It takes 㫃 and 从 as semantic components; 从 is the ancient form of the character 從 (to follow), indicating the sense of two persons following one another."
82.130
巡匃 (patrolling and begging): Pronounced gài. It takes 人 and 亡 as semantic components. 匃 means to beg (qǐ).
82.131
媮食 (scrounging food): The first character is pronounced tōu. The Yunquan says: "Improperly living by momentary expedients."
82.132
醇醨 (rich and thin wine): The first character is the fanqie 順 (sh-) + 倫 (lún) [chún]. The Guangya says: "醇 means thick." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Wine that is not diluted with water." In the text it is written as 醇, which is a popular variant used at the time; the orthodox form is written with 𦎫. The second character is pronounced lí. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Thin wine." Both are phono-semantic characters.
82.133
絓是 (entangled with this): The first character is pronounced guà. The Yunquan says: "Entangled threads."
82.134
商榷 (deliberate and evaluate): The first character is the fanqie 賞 (sh-) + 羊 (yáng) [shāng]. Wang Bi's commentary on the Zhouyi says: "商 means to measure and evaluate." The Posthumous Title Rules state: "Benevolence manifested internally and externally is called 商." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To know the internal through the external. It takes 冏 (pronounced with the fanqie 女 nǚ + 滑 huá [nà]) as semantic component, and an abbreviated 章 as phonetic component." The second character is pronounced jué. Xu Shen's commentary on the Huainanzi says: "揚榷 means roughly outlined." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It takes 木 as semantic component and 寉 as phonetic component; 寉 has the same sound as above." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It takes 隹 and 冖 (pronounced with the fanqie 癸 guǐ + 營 yíng [jīng]) as semantic components; the upper part seeks to emerge through 冖. Those written with 宀 are incorrect."
82.135
赭堊 (red and white clays): The first character is pronounced zhě. The Kaosheng says: "Red colour; shame; when one feels shame one's face necessarily turns red." The second character is pronounced è, the fanqie 阿 (ē) + 各 (gè) [è]. Guo's commentary on the Shanhaijing says: "堊 is a white, earth-like mineral." The Kaosheng says: "To daub. It takes 亞 and 土 as components."
82.136
淑慝 (good and evil): The first character is the fanqie 是 (sh-) + 六 (liù) [shú]. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "淑 means good." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Pure and clear. It takes 水 as semantic component and 叔 as phonetic component." The form [?*十] used at the time is incorrect. The second character is the fanqie 他 (t-) + 勒 (lè) [tè]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "慝 means evil." The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "Deceptive depravity." Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "Concealed filth." The Gujin zhengzi says: "Ashamed." It takes 心 as semantic component and 匿 as phonetic component.
82.137
罹咎 (incurring calamity): The first character is the fanqie 里 (l-) + 知 (zhī) [lí]. The Erya says: "罹 means affliction." The Kaosheng says: "罹 means to encounter, to suffer." Character dictionaries say: "Anxiety in the mind. It takes 𠔿 as semantic component and 惟 as phonetic component." To write it vertically as 罪 is also common. The second character is the fanqie 求 (q-) + 有 (yǒu) [jiù]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "咎 means evil." The Yunquan says: "咎 means fault." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Calamity. It takes 人 and 各 as semantic components; people each having their own views means discord; it is an ideogrammic compound." It is also written with 人 as 倃; the Shuowen jiezi says: "倃 means ruined"; this is also acceptable.
82.138
其操 (his integrity): The fanqie 草 (c-) + 到 (dào) [cào]. The Yunquan says: "Holding one's purpose upright and correct." Gu Yewang says: "Holding one's purpose firm and constant. It means that even if a noble person encounters disasters and harm, he does not abandon his integrity." It is sometimes written as 𣀉, found under the radical 文.
82.139
再醮 (remarriage): The fanqie 焦 (jiāo) + 笑 (xiào) [jiào]. The Yunquan says: "Performing a sacrifice where one drinks wine alone without the reciprocal ritual of offering and toasting." In the Liji: "A father cups wine alone for his son and commands him to go receive his bride"; hence it refers to the wedding toast of taking a wife. It is a phono-semantic character.
82.140
篡弑 (usurping and regicide): The fanqie 芻 (ch-) + 患 (huàn) [cuàn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To seize unlawfully is called 篡. It takes 厶 as semantic component and 篡 as phonetic component." The second character is the fanqie 尸 (sh-) + 至 (zhì) [shì]. The Baihu tong says: "弑 is like killing; it refers to a minister killing his ruler or a son killing his father, which is called 弑." The Shuowen jiezi also says: "A minister killing his ruler. It takes an abbreviated 殺 as semantic component and 式 as phonetic component."
82.141
駕馭 (to drive and control): The fanqie 魚 (y-) + 據 (jù) [yù].
82.142
挾轂 (nocking and lodging): The fanqie 嫌 (xi-) + 頰 (jiá) [xié]. The Mao Shijing says: "I strung my bow, I lodged my arrow." The Gongyang zhuan says: "Lodging the bow and drawing out the arrow." The Shuowen jiezi says: "挾 means to clasp and hold."
82.143
大樐 (large shield): Pronounced lǔ. The Kaosheng says: "A large shield. It is also written as 櫓 or 㯭, all interchangeable and acceptable."
82.144
矛楯 (spear and shield): The first character is the fanqie 莫 (m-) + 侯 (hóu) [máo]. The second character is the fanqie 述 (sh-) + 尹 (yǐn) [shǔn]. A 楯 is a large shield (pái); as stated in the character dictionary.
82.145
狷急 (impatient and irritable): The first character is pronounced juàn. The Kaosheng says: "Narrow-minded and irritable while keeping strictly to one's bounds. It is also written as 獧, and in ancient writing as 𱞜; meaning to guard one's moral bounds through non-action."
82.146
劓鼻 (cutting off the nose): The fanqie 疑 (y-) + 器 (qì) [yì]. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: "Cutting off someone's nose." Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "To cut off. It is also written with 臬 as 㓷."
82.147
荒裔 (remote frontier): The fanqie 夷 (y-) + 制 (zhì) [yì]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "裔 means distant." The Fangyan says: "The four 裔 are the general designations for the barbarous tribes." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It takes 衣 and 冏 (fanqie 女 nǚ + 滑 huá [nà]) as semantic components."
82.148
愞弱 (feeble and timid): The first character is the fanqie 奴 (n-) + 亂 (luàn) [nuǎn].
82.149
摩歱 (rubbing the heel): The fanqie 鍾 (zh-) + 勇 (yǒng) [zhǒng]. The Cang Jie pian says: "歱 means heel." It is also written with 足 as 踵, which is acceptable.
82.150
葪羅果 (drākṣā fruit): The first character is pronounced jì.
82.151
般橠娑果 (panasa fruit): The fanqie 那 (n-) + 可 (kě) [nà]. A Sanskrit name for a fruit (panasa, jackfruit); do not seek a literal meaning for the Chinese characters.
82.152
椑柿 (green persimmon): The first character is pronounced bēi. The second character is pronounced shì.
82.153
墾田 (reclaimed field): The fanqie 苦 (k-) + 很 (hěn) [kěn].
82.154
葷陁菜 (kuṇḍa vegetable): That is, what people call kunduruka / junda vegetable (chard).
82.155
醇醪 (rich wine): The fanqie 老 (l-) + 刀 (dāo) [láo]. The Zhanguoce says: "The emperor's daughter Yidi presented wine to Yu. Yu tasted it and said: 'In later generations there will surely be those who lose the realm through wine'; he had her flogged and banished her." It is also quickly brewed wine. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Wine with sediment and dregs. A phono-semantic character."
82.156
釜鑊 (cauldrons and boilers): The fanqie 胡 (h-) + 郭 (guō) [huò]. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: "A vessel for boiling meat." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A 鑴 (pronounced with the fanqie 胡 hú + 圭 guī [huí]), which belongs to the category of 鑊 cauldrons."
82.157
欺誚 (deceive and ridicule): The fanqie 齊 (q-) + 曜 (yào) [qiào]. The Kaosheng says: "誚 means to reprimand, to mock."
82.158
圮壞 (collapsed and destroyed): The fanqie 皮 (p-) + 鄙 (bǐ) [pǐ]. The Kaosheng says: "To ruin, to demolish." The Yunquan says: "A riverbank collapsing. A phono-semantic character."
82.159
𤄗布 (waterfall): The fanqie 蓬 (p-) + 木 (mù) [pù]. The Yunquan says: "Water plunging down from a cliff." The Kaosheng says: "Suspended flowing water is called a waterfall (pùbù shuǐ)."
82.160
髣髴 (vaguely, faintly): The first character is the fanqie 芳 (f-) + 罔 (wǎng) [fǎng]. The second character is the fanqie 忿 (f-) + 勿 (wù) [fù]; also pronounced with the fanqie 芳 (f-) + 味 (wèi) [fèi]. The Hanshu says: "髣髴 means resembling, seen or heard unclearly." The character dictionary says: "Seen indistinctly." 髣 is sometimes written with the person radical as 仿, with the same pronunciation and use; 髴 is also sometimes written with the person radical as 佛, or with the heart radical as 𢘍, having the same meaning.
82.161
譴責 (rebuke and reprove): The fanqie 輕 (q-) + 戰 (zhàn) [qiǎn]. The Guangya says: "譴 also means to reprove." The Cang Jie pian says: "To scold." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To question and reprimand. It takes 言 as semantic component and 遣 as phonetic component."
82.162
濯澣 (to wash and rinse): The first character is pronounced zhuó. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "濯 means to cleanse." The Shijing says: "Wearing washed clothes"; this is it. The Guangya says: "濯 means to wash." The Shuowen jiezi says: "濯 means to rinse. It takes 水 as semantic component and 翟 (pronounced zhái) as phonetic component." The second character is the fanqie 桓 (h-) + 管 (guǎn) [huàn]. The Shijing says: "I will wash my clothes." The commentary (Jian) says: "It means to wash and rinse them." Liu Zhao's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: "Washing raw raw-silk cloth is called 涑 (pronounced with the fanqie 桑 sāng + 候 hòu [sòu]); washing out old dirt is called 澣." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To wash dirt from clothes. It takes 水 as semantic component and 幹 as phonetic component." In the sūtras it is written as 浣, which is a popular variant. 滌 (to cleanse) is pronounced with the fanqie 庭 (t-) + 歷 (lì) [dí].
82.163
為笴 (making an arrow-shaft): The fanqie 于 (y-) + 旱 (hàn) [gǎn]. The Shangshu dazhuan says: "Like the shaft (gǎn) and notch of an arrow"; Zheng Xuan says: "The stem of an arrow." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It takes 竹 as semantic component and 可 as phonetic component."
82.164
浹辰 (a complete cycle of twelve days/hours): The fanqie 子 (z-) + 葉 (yè) [jié]. Zheng Zhong's commentary on the Zhouli says: "浹 means from jiǎ to guǐ, spanning a complete cycle; 浹 means penetrating all through."
82.165
恇怯 (timid and cowardly): The first character is pronounced kuāng. The second character is the fanqie 欠 (q-) + 業 (yè) [qiè]. The Kaosheng says: "愞 means fearful."
82.166
隤圮 ('collapsed and ruined'; the first character has the fanqie dui + lei [tuí]. The Kaosheng says: 'To destroy.' The Guangya says: 'Ruined.' The Liji says: 'Is Mount Tai collapsing?' The Shuowen says: 'To fall downward.' The Zishu says: 'Tilted.' It takes 𨸏 as radical and 貴 as phonetic. In the original record it was written as 頹, which is incorrect).
82.167
齧其 ('bites it'; the first character has the fanqie yan + jie [niè]: to bite. It has semantic below and phonetic above).
82.168
靡措 ('nowhere to place [oneself]'; the second character has the fanqie cang + su [cuò]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: 'Cuo means to set at ease.' The Fangyan says: 'To conceal').
82.169
齰斷 ('bites off'; the first character has the fanqie chai + zhai [zé]. The Shiji says: 'Ashamed within, he shut his door, bit his tongue, and killed himself.' The Shuowen says: 'Ze means to bite.' It is also written as 齚. It has semantic on the left and phonetic on the right).
82.170
宿憾 ('long-held resentment'; the second character has the fanqie han + an [hàn]: hatred or resentment).
82.171
鬻𧷓 ('to sell off'; the first character has the fanqie rong + su [yù], which is a vulgar character; the standard form in the Shuowen is written as 𧷓, meaning to peddle, to sell; it takes 貝 as radical and 睦 as phonetic; 睦 is an ancient character for 陸; the character 贖 takes 賣 and 貝 as radicals; writing it with 賣 is the vulgar character. The second character has the fanqie mai + xie [mài]; writing it with 出, 買, and 土 is the vulgar character).
82.172
覃思 ('deep contemplation'; the first character has the fanqie dan + nan [tán]. The commentary to the Mao Shi says: 'Tan means long.' It also says: 'To extend.' The Kaosheng says: 'To reach.' The Shuowen says: 'A lingering flavor; it takes 厚 as radical and an abbreviated 鹹 as phonetic.' The Yupian under the radical 西 says: 'Below, it does not take 卑; it takes 厚, pronounced hou; above, it takes 西').
82.173
捃摭 ('to gather and collect'; the first character has the fanqie jun + yun [jùn]. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'To pick up.' Sometimes written with 鹿 and 木 as 𱹧. The second character has the fanqie zhi + yi [zhí]. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Zhi also means to pick up.' Sometimes written with 石 as 拓).
82.174
哂尒 ('smilingly'; the first character has the fanqie shen + ren [shěn], a vulgar character; the ancient form was written as 弞. The Kaosheng says: 'To laugh without opening the mouth wide is called 弞; the meaning is the same as 哂, the appearance of a slight smile.' In the record it was written as 逌爾, whose pronunciation and meaning are unverified).
82.175
Xiyu ji, Fascicle Three
82.176
Eight Countries
82.177
蓊鬱 ('luxuriantly dense'; the first character has the fanqie weng + kong [wěng]. Sima Xiangru says: 'Wengyu is the appearance of luxuriant vegetation.' It takes 艸 as radical and 翁 as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie yun + wu [yù]. The Shuowen says: 'Vegetation growing in clumps; it takes 林 as radical.' The ancient script took 臼, [午/止], 冂, and 鬯 [pronounced chi + liang, chàng], with 彡. Nowadays it is often written with 艮 and 寸, which is incorrect).
82.178
怯愞 ('timid and cowardly'; the first character has the fanqie qiang + ye [qiè]; the second has the fanqie nu + luan [nuò]; both have been fully explained before).
82.179
譎詭 ('deceitful and treacherous'; the first character has the fanqie xuan + xue [jué], pronounced jue; the second has the fanqie gui + wei [guǐ]; both have been broadly explained previously).
82.180
瞢揭釐 ('Maṅgali'; the first character has the fanqie mo + beng [méng]; the next has the fanqie jian + nie [jié]; the last has the fanqie li + zhi [lí]. Sanskrit; it is the name of a city, so one does not seek the lexical meaning of the characters).
82.181
阿波邏羅 ('Apalāla'; 邏 has the fanqie le + he [luó]. Sanskrit; the name of a dragon king).
82.182
以稸 ('to store up'; the second character has the fanqie chou + liu [chù]. The Yupian says: 'Chu means to accumulate, to gather.' It is also written with radical 艸 as 蓄; it is a phono-semantic character).
82.183
饋遺 ('to send as a present'; the first character has the fanqie da + wei [kuì]. The Yili says: 'To present cooked food.' The Shuowen says: 'To offer food as a gift.' It is a phono-semantic character. The second character has the fanqie wei + hui [wèi]. The Guangya says: 'Yi means to give.' Gu Yewang says: 'To present as a gift.' It is a phonetic loan character).
82.184
濯衣 ('to wash clothes'; the first character has the fanqie zhuang + zhuo [zhuó]. The Kaosheng says: 'Zhuo means to rinse.' It is a phonetic loan character, meaning to wash clothes).
82.185
如榻 ('like a couch'; the second character has the fanqie tan + da [tà]. The Guangya says: 'A ta is flat.' The Shiming says: 'An earthen bed that is narrow and long is called a ta.' It takes 木 as radical and [日/羽] as phonetic; [日/羽] has the same pronunciation as above).
82.186
津膩 ('greasy moisture'; the second character has the fanqie ni + li [nì]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: 'Ni means slippery.' The Shuowen says: 'Glossy fat.' It takes 肉 as radical and 貳 as phonetic).
82.187
薩褒殺地 ('Sarpoṣadhi'; 褒 has the fanqie bao + mao [bāo]. Sanskrit).
82.188
㭰啄 ('pecking'; the first character has the fanqie zui + sui [zuǐ], meaning a bird's beak. The second character is pronounced zhuo. The holy peacock king pecked the cliff with his beak, and a spring gushed forth, visible today as a heavenly pond).
82.189
蹎仆 ('falling down prone'; the first character has the fanqie ding + jian [diān]; the second has the fanqie pu + bei [pū]; both have been fully explained before).
82.190
自斃 ('dying by oneself'; the second character has the fanqie pi + mei [bì]. The Kaosheng says: 'To collapse prone.' It is a vulgar character; the standard form is written as 𡚁).
82.191
以飤 ('to feed with'; the second character has the fanqie ci + zi [sì]. Gu Yewang says: 'It refers to providing food and serving it to people.' The Shuowen says: 'Provisions.' It is an associative compound character; it is also written as 飼, which is a vulgar character).
82.192
枳低 ('-kiti' [in Avalokiteśvara]; the first character has the fanqie jing + yi [jǐ]; the second has the fanqie ding + li [dī]. Sanskrit; the name of the bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara).
82.193
縆索 ('thick ropes'; the first character has the fanqie gu + heng [gēng]. The Cangjie pian says: 'Geng means a large rope.' The Yunquan says: 'Geng means taut.' It is a phono-semantic character).
82.194
棧道 ('plank path'; the first character has the fanqie chai + xian [zhàn]. The Kaosheng says: 'Laying timbers together across perilous places to make a road is called a galleried path [gedao].' It takes 木 as radical and 戔 as phonetic. In vulgar writing, it is precisely the cantilevered galleried paths).
82.195
椽杙 ('rafters and stakes'; the first character has the fanqie chang + luan [chuán]. The Yunquan says: 'That by which a house is supported.' It takes 木 as radical and 彖 as phonetic. The second character is pronounced yi [yì]. The Erya says: 'Yi means to fell; to strike.' Guo Pu's commentary says: 'A stake.' It takes 木 as radical and 弋 as phonetic).
82.196
晃煜 ('blazing brightness'; the second character has the fanqie rong + liu [yù]. The Guangya says: 'Yu means blazing.' The Picang says: 'The appearance of flourishing splendor.' The Shuowen says: 'Yu means gleaming.' It takes 火 as radical and 昱 as phonetic; 昱 has the same pronunciation as above).
82.197
攜引 ('to take by the hand and lead'; the first character has the fanqie hui + gui [xié]. The Yunquan says: 'To lift and lead.' It takes 手 as radical and 巂 as phonetic; [巂] has the same pronunciation as above).
82.198
抉目 ('to gouge out the eyes'; the first character has the fanqie yuan + yue [jué]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Jue means to pick out.' 挑 has the fanqie tian + diao [tiāo]. 淵 has the fanqie hui + yuan [yuān]).
82.199
乞貣 ('to beg and borrow'; the second character has the fanqie ta + le [tè]. Zheng Zhong's commentary on the Zhouli says: 'To borrow from others the capital for buying and selling.' We note that te also means to borrow).
82.200
悲耿 ('sorrowful and anxious'; the second character has the fanqie geng + xing [gěng]. The Wenzi jilüe says: 'Geng means anxious; an uneasy mind.' It takes 耳 as radical. The Shuowen says: 'Genggeng-ran refers to the ears; it takes 耳 as radical and an abbreviated 炯 as phonetic').
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- 一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese