一切經音義 84

English (machine translation) 84

Language: English

84.1

Compiled by Huilin, monk-translator of scriptures

Sounds and meanings for: / Gujin yijing tuji, four fascicles; / Xu gujin yijing tuji, one fascicle; / Ji gujin fodao lunheng, four fascicles; / Xu gujin fodao lunheng, one fascicle; / Lishe lunheng, one fascicle; / Daoyin ding sanjiao lunheng, one fascicle.

84.3

The above six works in twelve fascicles, including the Yijing tuji, the Lunheng, etc., have their sounds and meanings recorded together in this fascicle.

84.4

Gujin yijing tuji, Fascicle 1

84.5

角試 (the upper character is jiang and yue in fanqie. The Liji says: "In the first month of winter, practice martial arts, train in archery and charioteering, and contest in physical strength [jueli]." Gu Yewang says: "Contesting in physical strength means vying for victory or defeat." The Lüshi chunqiu says: "Contest [jue] and test." The Hanshu says: "To contest in strength and resist them." In the Tuji it is written with 車 [cart] and 交 as 較, which is inappropriate for this context. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: "An ornament of a grandee's carriage." The Shuowen says: "A curved hook above the chariot railing." Although traditionally transmitted and used, it is a gross error. The lower character is shi and er in fanqie. The Shuowen says: "To try and use." The Book of Yu says: "Clearly testing them through achievements." It is composed of 言 [speech] with 式 phonetic.)

84.6

愧忸 (the lower character is nv and liu in fanqie. Jia Kui's commentary to the Guoyu says: "忸怩 means a shameful expression visible on the countenance." The Shuowen says: "Shame in the heart." It is composed of 心 [heart] with 丑 phonetic. 怩 is pronounced ni.)

84.7

婕妤 (the upper character is jian and ye in fanqie; the lower character is yu and zhu in fanqie. The Shenglei says: "Received in favor; an official title for women." According to investigation, jieyu in the Han dynasty was the title for favored imperial concubines. The Shuowen says: "Female characters." Both are phono-semantic characters; also written as 健嬩.)

84.8

覘見 (the upper character is chi and yan in fanqie. Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "覘 means to spy." The Shuowen says: "To watch for." It is composed of 見 [see] with 占 phonetic.)

84.9

番禺 (the upper character is pronounced pan; the lower character is pronounced yu. The name of a county in Guangzhou.)

84.10

䢼亭湖 (the upper character is pronounced gong. This is the name of Lake Dongting. Originally it had no standard character. In the Jinshu, the biography of Guo Pu writes it as 䢼亭. In the present Yijing tuji, it is written with the person radical as 䣏亭, which is a scribal error. Common tradition today calls it Lake Gongting; this is perhaps an erroneous dialectal pronunciation of Wu and Chu, making it difficult to establish with certainty. This is indeed Lake Dongting. According to investigation, Cao's Junguozhi states that it is located in Yuzhang commandery of Hongzhou. From antiquity, its origins have rarely been investigated thoroughly; here we briefly explain it according to the text at hand.)

84.11

讚唄 (the upper character is zi and qie in fanqie. The Fangyan says: "讚 means to explain." Guo Pu's commentary says: "讚 and 頌 are that by which the principles of things are explained." The Shiming says: "Praising people's goodness is called 讚." The Shangshu says: "Yi aided [zan] Yu." The Gujin zhengzi states it is composed of 言 [speech] with 贊 phonetic; 贊 is pronounced the same as above, composed of 貝 [cowrie/wealth] and 兟, which is two 先 side by side.)

84.12

蟒悲泣 (mang and zhang in fanqie. This is the great python snake deity of Lake Gongting, which upon receiving An Shigao's sincerity wept bitterly and withdrew.)

84.13

𰡕狗齧王 (𰡕 is pronounced zhi. The Kaosheng says: "A rabid dog." The Zuo zhuan writes it with 制 as 猘, read as ji, or sometimes pronounced ji; both are probably incorrect. In ancient script this character was sometimes written as 𰡌, with the same explanation as above. In the present Tuji it is written with 樂 as 𤢴, which lacks textual foundation and is incorrect.)

84.14

齲齒 (qu and yu in fanqie. The Gujin zhengzi says: "Tooth decay." It is composed of 齒 [tooth] with 禹 phonetic. 蠧 is du and gu in fanqie.)

84.15

傀偉 (the upper character is gu and hui in fanqie; the lower character is wei and gui in fanqie. The Picang says: "傀偉 means an extraordinarily large appearance." The Jixun says: "傀 means robust and large; grand." It also says: "偉 means possessing extraordinary beauty." The Shuowen states that both characters 傀 and 偉 are composed of 人 [person] with 鬼 and 韋 phonetic. The Tuji writes it with 玉 [jade] as 璝, which is the name of a jade and not appropriate here.)

84.16

瞎鼈 (the upper character is he and jia in fanqie. The Blind Turtle Sūtra is the name of a sūtra. The Kaosheng says: "The eyes cannot see things." One source says: "Closed eyes." It is also written as 𣎅, a phono-semantic character. The lower character is bian and mie in fanqie. Zheng's commentary to the Kaogongji says: "The turtle is an aquatic shelled creature, hard-shelled on the outside and fleshy within." The Gujin zhengzi writes it with 虫 as 蟞; the sūtra text writes it with 魚 as 鱉, which is a vulgar character. The Shuowen states it is composed of 黽 with 敝 phonetic; 黽 is pronounced meng, and 敝 is identical in sound with the above.)

84.17

無端底總持經 (this sūtra also lacks an extant copy. When ancients gave titles, they were often rough and unclear. 底 is ding and li in fanqie.)

84.18

Fascicle 2

84.19

純懿 (the lower character is pronounced yi. The Erya says: "懿 means great." The Xiaoya says: "Deep." The posthumous title rules say: "Gentle, sagely, and good is called 懿; cherishing the people with profound substance is called 懿." The Shuowen says it is composed of 壹 with 志 phonetic; it is also written with 欠 as 懿, which is also permissible.)

84.20

貰酒 (shi and ye in fanqie. Gu Yewang says: "貰 means to buy on credit." The Hanshu says: "Gaozu bought wine on credit from Old Lady Wang," which refers to this. The Shuowen says: "貰 means to lend." It is composed of 貝 [wealth] with 世 phonetic; also pronounced shi.)

84.21

王顒 (wang and gong in fanqie; a person's name.)

84.22

坌身 (pen and men in fanqie. Dust and soil accumulating.)

84.23

抓甲 (the upper character is ze and jiao in fanqie; a vulgar character. Properly it is simply written as 爪, a pictographic character; in ancient script it is written as 又.)

84.24

赤㭰烏 (jing and sui in fanqie. A bird's beak. The Wenzidian and Shuowen say: "A bird's beak." In the scripture it is written with 唯 and 乃 as 𭉨, which is incorrect. The Shuowen records it as composed of 此 with 束 phonetic; 束 is pronounced ci. It is also written as 𠲿 or as 嘴, both of which are ancient characters.)

84.25

Fascicle 3

84.26

曇摩蜱 (bi and mi in fanqie; the name of an eminent monk in Sanskrit [Dharmapriya].)

84.27

髫秊 (the upper character is pronounced tiao. The Jixun says: "When shaving a young child's hair, leaving both sides unshaved is called 髫." The Shuowen says: "髫 means children's hair." It is composed of 髟 with 召 phonetic. 髟 is bi and yao in fanqie.)

84.28

Not synthesizing (不綜, bu zong; [綜 is] zong-song fan).

84.29

Crown Prince Hong (太子泓; [泓 is] wu-heng fan; Yao Hong).

84.30

Coughing and clearing the throat (謦欬, qingkai; the first is qing-ting fan; the second is kai-gai fan; the Yunquan says: 'Kai means coughing.' In the sūtra it is written with the 'mouth' radical as 咳, which is incorrect).

84.31

Dung beetle (蜣蜋, qianglang; the first is que-liang fan; the second has the sound liang; Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'A black armored insect that eats dung; also named jilang').

84.32

Red mustache (赤頿, chi zi; [頿 is] zi-si fan; the Shuowen says: 'Hair above the mouth.' It is also commonly written with the 'long hair' radical as 髭).

84.33

Shenxi (神璽, era name; [璽 is] si-ci fan; the reign title when Juqu Mengxun of the Northern Liang first acceded; it is also written with the 'earth' radical as 璽, and ancient forms use the 'jade' radical).

84.34

Meng Yi (孟顗; [顗 is] yi-qi fan; a person's name).

84.35

Planting trees (植㮏; [植 is] shi-li fan; the Fangyan says: 'Zhi means to set upright.' The Yunquan says: 'Zhi means to sprout and grow.' Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: 'Zhi refers to rooted plants.' It has the 'wood' radical and the phonetic zhi. The second is pronounced nai, a vulgar character; the Shuowen says: 'A kind of fruit.' It has the 'wood' radical and the phonetic shi. In the text adding another 'wood' to make 㮏 is an error).

84.36

Hundred sheds (百廠; the second is chang-zhang fan; the Kaosheng says: 'A building without walls is called a chang.' It is a phono-semantic character).

84.37

Zhiyuan Monastery (枳園寺; the first is zhi-er fan; the Kaogongji says: 'When an orange tree crosses north of the Huai River, it becomes a zhi trifoliate orange.' The Shuowen says: 'A tree resembling the orange.' It has the 'wood' radical and the phonetic zhi. It is the name of a monastery).

84.38

Seeking after material things ([(餐-食)-又+旬]物; [殉 is] xun-jun fan; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Xun means to seek.' Ying Shao's commentary on the Fu Bird Rhapsody says: 'Xun means to pursue.' The Gujin zhengzi gives it with the radical dai and phonetic xun. Dai has the sound can).

84.39

Fascicle Four

84.40

Reaching Ye (及鄴; the second is yan-jie fan; the Hanshu says that Wei Commandery has Ye County; the Gujin zhengzi gives it with the radical yi and phonetic ye).

84.41

Without dread (無憚; [憚 is] tan-lan fan; the Mao Commentary on the Book of Odes says on 'How dare I dread the journey': 'Dan means difficult.' It also says: 'Dan means to fear.' Han's Odes commentary says: 'To detest.' The Guangya says: 'To be alarmed.' The Shuowen says: 'To be envious and jealous.' It has the 'heart' radical and the phonetic dan. It is sometimes written with the 'human' radical as 僤; the Kaosheng says: 'Dan means trembling.'

84.42

Glorious reputation (榮聲; [榮 is] yong-xiong fan; the Zishu says: 'Rong means flourishing.' The Songs of Chu says: 'The luxuriant flowers fall from the tree.' The Posthumous Titles law states: 'Prioritizing righteousness over profit is called rong.' The Shuowen says: 'The raised thatch at the eaves of a roof is called rong.' It has the 'wood' radical and an abbreviated form of the phonetic ying).

84.43

Tangled and intertwined (紛糾; the first is fang-wen fan; Du's commentary on the Zuo Zhuan says: 'Fen means disorderly.' The Guangya says: 'Fenfen also means chaotic crowds; bad.' The second is jing-you fan; Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: 'Jiu is like inspecting closely.' The Guangya says: 'Jiu means urgent.' Both are phono-semantic characters. The Shuowen says: 'The character jiu represents three strands of rope braided together.' Liao is pronounced liao. It is a pictographic character. The form [┴*├] has the sound ju-qiu fan).

84.44

Ouyang Wei (歐陽頠; the first is ou-hou fan; the second is wei-wei fan; a nobleman's name during the Liang dynasty).

84.45

Huikai (慧愷; [愷 is] kai-gai fan; sometimes written 凱; Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: 'Kai is music played to present military achievements.' Du's commentary on the Zuo Zhuan says: 'Kai means harmonious.' The Erya says: 'Joyful.' The Shuowen says: 'Peaceful and healthy.' It has the 'heart' radical and the phonetic qi).

84.46

Celestial ladder (天梯; [梯 is] ti-di fan; Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'Ti means stairs.' The Shuowen says: 'A wooden stairway.' It has the 'wood' radical and the phonetic di).

84.47

Xiao Jing (蕭璟; [璟 is] gui-yong fan; a vulgar character; although conventionally used, it is completely absent from character dictionaries; properly it should be written [囗@(儿/口)]).

84.48

Yan and Ying (鄢郢; the first is yan-jian fan; the second is ying-jing fan; place names in Chu. The former capital of the King of Chu is now in Ying City, over ten li northeast of Jiangling, where ruins of the outer walls still remain).

84.49

Already met (既覯; [覯 is] gou-hou fan; Zheng's commentary on the Odes says: 'Gou means to see.' It is a phono-semantic character).

84.50

Drumstick and drum (枹鼓; the first is fu-mou fan, or fang-wu fan, both being Qin pronunciations. The Zuo Zhuan has 'striking the drum with a drumstick.' Gu Yewang says: 'The mallet for beating a drum.' The Shuowen gives the sound fu: 'The handle for striking a drum.' It has the 'wood' radical and the phonetic bao. In the Yijing tu ji, it is written with 'hand' and fu as 捊, which is incorrect. In Wu pronunciation, the character 枹 is fu-bu fan; bu has the sound fu-fu fan; it falls under the rhyme character you, sharing the same rhyme as fu. The definitions are identical, though the sounds differ; one may follow regional accents, but here it is temporarily not adopted).

84.51

Frightened and abashed (駭忸; the first is xie-ai fan; the Guangya says: 'Hai means to rise up.' The Cang Jie Pian says: 'Hai means alarmed.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'A horse taking fright.' It has the 'horse' radical and the phonetic hai. The second is nü-liu fan; Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'Niuni means shame appearing on the face.' Both are phono-semantic characters).

84.52

Turning the reins (迴靶; [靶 is] ba-ma fan; the Hanshu yinyi says: 'Ba means horse reins.' The Kaosheng says: 'Horse bridles; ba also means a handle.' The Shuowen says: 'Leather straps of the reins.' It has the 'leather' radical and the phonetic ba; it is also written 杷. The word pei is pronounced bi).

84.53

Embroidered and resplendent (繢掞; the first is hui-wai fan; the Yunying says: 'Brilliant multi-colored.' The Yunquan says: 'Painting is also called hui.' The Cang Jie Pian says: 'Similar to deep-green variegated pattern, reddish color.' The Shuowen says: 'Remnants of weaving.' It has the 'silk' radical and the phonetic gui. The second is ye-jian fan; the Yunying says: 'Radiance and brightness.' The Hanshu says: 'Shining and bright.' The Gujin zhengzi gives it with the 'hand' radical and phonetic yan).

84.54

Fan Yijun (范義頵; the first has the sound fan, a surname; the last has the sound jun, a given name, also pronounced yu-lun fan. Anciently King Wu of Chu was also named Jun; it is a phono-semantic character).

84.55

Continuation to the Illustrated Record of Past and Present Translation of Sūtras, Fascicle One

84.56

Blaming (誚焉; the first is qi-yao fan; the Cang Jie Pian says: 'Qiao means to scold.' The Yunying says: 'To reproach.' The Kaosheng says: 'To reprimand.' The Shuowen says: 'To harass or find fault.' It has the 'speech' radical and the phonetic xiao. The second is yi-qian fan. Note that the character [一/烏] is borrowed here for its sound; consisting of 'one' and 'crow', it represents a trailing particle in speech. Its original pronunciation is yan-jian fan, which is not adopted here).

84.57

Duke of E (䣞公; [䣞 is] ang-ge fan; the Shiben says: 'E is a place name.' Song Zhong says: 'It is present-day Ezhou in Jiangxia.' Gu Yewang says: 'Presently there is an E County west of Nanyang').

84.58

Wise and sincere (明恂; [恂 is] xu-zun fan; the Yunying says: 'Gentle and respectful in appearance.' The Yunquan says: 'Respectful and compliant.' Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Xun means faithful.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'A faithful and sincere mind.' It has the 'heart' radical and the phonetic xun).

84.59

Wise register (叡簿; the first is yue-hui fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Bright; discerning.' The second has the sound pu-gu fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Bu means a court tablet or a register.' It has the 'bamboo' radical and the phonetic pu. Pu is pronounced pu).

84.60

Suddenly (倐焉; the first is shang-liu fan; the Yunying says: 'A dog running swiftly.' It is also written with the 'fire' radical as 倐, meaning flickering light. The second is yi-qian fan).

84.61

Earnest (懇惻; [懇 is] ken-hen fan; the Guangya says: 'Ken means sincere.' The Yunying says: 'Ken means faithful.' It has the 'heart' radical and the phonetic ken; ken has the same pronunciation as above).

84.62

Filtering and straining (濾漉; the first is li-ju fan; the second has the sound long-du fan).

84.63

Supervising monks (𰔬僧; [𰔬 is] liao-diao fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Liao means to manage.' The Shenglei says: 'To take charge of.' It has the 'hand' radical and the phonetic liao; liao is li-zhao fan).

84.64

Staking (䞈以; [䞈 is] gui-wei fan; the Kaosheng says: 'To wager; wagering one's person in a contest of skill is called gui.' The Shuowen says: 'Gui means commodities.' It has the 'cowry' radical and phonetic wei; it is also an ancient form of the character huo [goods]).

84.65

Trickling droplets (涓滴; the first is jue-yuan fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Juandi describes the appearance of water trickling finely.' The Shuoyuan says: 'A trickle that is not blocked will form rivers and oceans,' which is this. The second is ding-li fan; Gu Yewang says: 'Dripping water.' The Shuowen says: 'Flowing water.' Both juan and di are phono-semantic characters; it is also written 𤁷).

84.66

Select and compile (摘會; [摘 is] zhi-ge fan; the Kaosheng says: 'To pick and gather.' It is also written 擿).

84.67

Shenjian (神暕; [暕 is] jian-yan fan).

84.68

Huaidi (懷迪; [迪 is] tu-de fan; the Erya says: 'Di means correct.' The Mao Commentary on the Book of Odes says: 'To advance.' Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Path').

84.69

Shibie (石鼈; [鼈 is] bian-mie fan; the name of a valley in Mount Zhongnan south of Chang'an).

84.70

Collect and gather (搜集; [搜 is] shuang-liu fan; our Emperor, in an anxious quest for talent, welcomed eminent masters from afar to promote Buddhism and benefit all beings).

84.71

Extracting the essentials (撮其; [撮 is] zuan-lüe fan; extracting important text, removing redundancies to achieve conciseness and elucidate the doctrinal essence. It has the 'hand' radical and the phonetic zui).

84.72

Collection of Past and Present Debates between Buddhism and Daoism, Fascicle One (Preface)

84.73

Huilin

84.74

Extended to (所覃; [覃 is] tu-han fan; Zheng's commentary on the Mao Odes says: 'Tan means broad.' Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'Meaning extending to reach one another.' In the treatise it is written with 'west' as 覃, the Zhou script form. The Shuowen gives it as [鹵/且], combining two seal forms of the character 'west' over [日/(凵@中)/〡], pronounced hou-hou fan).

84.75

Hesitating and halting (坐歭; [歭 is] chi-li fan; Gu Yewang says: 'Zhi means stopping and not advancing.' The Shuowen says: 'Zhi means walking but not stepping forward.' In the treatise it is written with the 'mountain' radical as 峙, which is an error. The Shuowen gives it with the radical zhi and phonetic si).

84.76

Calculating and surmising (計度; [度 is] tang-ge fan; the Guoyu says: 'Du means to reckon.' The Kaosheng says: 'To measure.' The Shuowen gives it with the radical you and an abbreviated form of shu as phonetic).

84.77

Wrapping the belly with iron plates (鍱腹; the first is yan-she fan; the Shuowen says: 'Thin iron plates.' It has the 'metal' radical and phonetic ye. The second is feng-mu fan; Gu Yewang says: 'The abdomen is what holds and covers the five internal organs.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'flesh' radical and phonetic fu).

84.78

Open a track (啟轍; [轍 is] chan-lie fan; Du's commentary on the Zuo Zhuan says: 'Che means wheel ruts.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'cart' radical and an abbreviated form of che as phonetic).

84.79

Chattering / swallowing (𠿚𠿚; zhang-jia fan; the Biography of Han Xin says: 'Zha is like lacking.' The Shenglei says: 'The sound of a duck eating.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'mouth' radical and phonetic ye; que is pronounced ruo-xue fan).

84.80

Speak out forcefully (抗言; [抗 is] kang-lang fan; the Zuo Zhuan says: 'Kang means to resist.' Zheng's commentary on the Mao Odes says: 'To raise.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'hand' radical and phonetic kang; kang is ge-lang fan).

84.81

Petty and insignificant (瑣瑣; sang-guo fan; Zheng's commentary on the Mao Odes says: 'Suosuo means small.' Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'Referring to narrow and coarse talents and capacity.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'jade' radical and phonetic suo).

84.82

Courtyard of locust trees (槐庭; [槐 is] hu-guai fan; Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'The leaves of the locust tree gather together by day and spread open by night; this is the official locust tree.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'wood' radical and phonetic gui).

84.83

Praise and censure (褒貶; the first is bo-mao fan; Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: 'Bao means to promote.' The Dianshuo says: 'To praise beauty.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'clothing' radical and phonetic bao, an ancient form of bao. In the treatise it is written with [〦/保] as 褒, which is also commonly accepted. The second is bi-yan fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Bian means to diminish.' The Gongyang Zhuan says: 'To fall.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'cowry' radical and phonetic fa).

84.84

Kan Ze (闞澤; [闞 is] kan-lan fan; a person's name).

84.85

Suspicion and duplicity (猜貳; the first is qi-cai fan; Du's commentary on the Zuo Zhuan says: 'Cai means to suspect.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'dog' radical and phonetic qing).

84.86

Crowd of petty scribes (諝徒; [諝 is] xi-yu fan; Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: 'Xu is an appellation for talent and intellect.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'speech' radical and phonetic xu. In the treatise it is written as this 胥, meaning clerk or scribe; this is visual similarity and not the intended meaning).

84.87

Deliberating and appraising (商確; [確 is] kou-jiao fan; the Biography of Han Kang says: 'Que indicates firmness.' The Book of Changes says: 'Steadfast and unshakeable.' The Shuowen gives it with the 'stone' radical and phonetic he; he is huang-ge fan).

84.88

[Zhu] Tenglan (fanqie: 特登): the name of an Indian monk.

84.89

Entered Luo (fanqie: 郎各): Gu Yewang says, 'Here the Han changed the character 洛 to 雒.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 隹 with 各 as phonetic.

84.90

Cao Zhi (fanqie: 承力): a person's name.

84.91

Lao Dan (fanqie: 他甘): the personal name of Laozi.

84.92

Fu Yi (fanqie: 冝既): a person's name.

84.93

Cai Yin (fanqie: 伊淫): a person's name.

84.94

Ashes and cinders (烬, fanqie: 詞刃): The Fangyan says, 'Cinders (烬) refers to leftover wood.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 火 with 聿 as phonetic. The treatise text writes it as 燼, which is a popular form.

84.95

Ashamed and abashed (恧, fanqie: 尼六): Guo's commentary on the Erya says, 'When the mind is ashamed, it is called abashed (恧).' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 心 with 而 as phonetic.

84.96

Lady of Handsome Fairness (婕妤, the first char. fanqie: 尖葉, the second: 弋諸): the title of a palace woman official.

84.97

Indulged and licentious (縱汰, the first char. fanqie: 足用; Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says, 'Giving free rein to desires and passions.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 系 with 從 as phonetic. The second char. fanqie: 他蓋; the Huainanzi says, 'When it is deep, it washes away (汰) the five viscera.' The Guangya says, '汰 means to wash.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 水 with 太 as phonetic).

84.98

Bland and thin (淡薄, the first char. fanqie: 覃敢; Zheng's commentary on the Liji says, '淡 means thin in flavor.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 水 with 炎 as phonetic. The second char. fanqie: 旁各; the Cangjiepian says, '薄 means slight.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 艸 with 溥 as phonetic. The treatise text writes it with 水 as 泊; 泊 means to halt, which is not the meaning here).

84.99

Zijun (fanqie: 遵尹): a person's name.

84.100

Close (闔) the ears and eyes (fanqie: 含閤): The Shuowen jiezi says that 闔 means to close; it is formed from 門 with 盍 as phonetic; 盍 has the sound 合).

84.101

Hibernating insects (蟄蟲, the first char. fanqie: 直立; the Yueling says, '蟄 means to hide; in the last month of autumn, hibernating insects all burrow face down; in the first month of spring, hibernating insects first stir.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 虫 with 執 as phonetic. The second char. has the sound 神; the treatise text writes it with this 虫, which is pronounced 毀 and is incorrect).

84.102

Luan Da (fanqie: 亂官): a person's name.

84.103

Monkeys and apes (猱猨, the first char. fanqie: 奴刀; the Mao Commentary on the Shijing says, '猱 is of the ape kind.' The character dictionaries say it is properly formed from [憂-心+此] as 獿. The treatise text writes it with 柔 as 𥠊, which is a popular form).

84.104

Giant softshell turtles and softshell turtles (黿鼈, the first char. fanqie: 月袁; the Yueling says, 'In the mid-autumn month, one presents giant turtles and catches giant turtles.' The second char. fanqie: 鞭滅; the Mao Commentary on the Shijing says, 'Roast the turtle and slice the carp.' The Guoyu says, 'One must wait for turtles to grow before eating them.' The Shuowen jiezi says both are formed from 黽, with 元 and 敝 respectively as phonetics).

84.105

Deluded and confused (眩惑, fanqie: 玄練): The Cangjiepian says, '眩 means an illusion (幻); it means confused.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 目 with 玄 as phonetic. 幻 has the sound 患).

84.106

Accumulated years (稔, fanqie: 壬枕): Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says, '稔 means a year.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 禾 with 念 as phonetic.

84.107

Toil and disturbance (擾, fanqie: 饒沼): The Guangya says, '擾 means disorder.' The Shuowen jiezi says it means vexation; it is formed from 手 with [一/自/(止*(廾-一)*巳)/八/ㄆ] as phonetic. The treatise text writes it with 憂 as 擾, a popular form; [一/自/(止*(廾-一)*巳)/八/ㄆ] has the fanqie 奴刀).

84.108

Handan Chun (fanqie: 順倫): a person's name.

84.109

Astonished and submissive (駭服, fanqie: 諧騃): The Cangjiepian says, '駭 means startled.' The Boya says, '駭 means to rise up.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 馬 with 亥 as phonetic.

84.110

Meticulously search (搜, fanqie: 所求): The Dianshuo says, '搜 means to search; it means to seek.' The Guoyu says, 'Searching during intervals between farmwork.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 手 with 叜 as phonetic. The treatise text writes it as 搜, which is a popular form).

84.111

Indistinctly (髣髴, the first char. fanqie: 芳同; the Hanshu says, '髣髴 means resembling, where what is heard and seen is not precise.' The second char. fanqie: 芳勿; the Kaosheng says, '髣髴 is the appearance of being indistinct.' The Shuowen jiezi says both are formed from 人, written with 方 and 弗 respectively as phonetics).

84.112

Corner of the mouth (吻, fanqie: 聞粉): The Cangjiepian says, '吻 means both sides of the lips.' Zheng's commentary on the Kaogongji says, '吻 means the edge of the mouth.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 口 with 勿 as phonetic.

84.113

Ji and Xie (稷𢍆, the first char. fanqie: 咨弋; the second char. fanqie: 先節; both are names of ministers of Yu Shun. The treatise text writes it with 禾 as 稧, which is not the correct meaning).

84.114

Forest gorges (壑, fanqie: 呼各): The Shanhaijing says, 'Beyond the Eastern Sea there is a great gorge (壑).' Gu Yewang says, '壑 is like a mountain valley.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 土, with 𣦻 and 谷 as phonetics; 𣦻 has the sound 殘).

84.115

Hold the reins (轡, fanqie: 悲媚): The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says, 'The six reins are like silk; supple are the reins.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 絲 with 軎 as phonetic. The treatise text writes it with 亡 as 𮝲, a popular form; 軎 has the sound 衛).

84.116

Craving (愒) what is given (fanqie: 丘例): The Cangjiepian says, '愒 means covetous.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 心 with 曷 as phonetic.

84.117

Pian Mu (the first char. fanqie: 蒲眠; the second char. fanqie: 矛后): a person's name.

84.118

Enclose with a coop-trap (罩, fanqie: 知挍): Guo's commentary on the Erya says, 'A 罩 is a basket trap for catching fish.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 𠕀 with 卓 as phonetic.

84.119

Gentry officials (搢紳, the first char. fanqie: 津刃; the Yili says, '搢 means to insert.' The Liji says, 'With the ceremonial robe complete, one tucks in the sash and inserts (搢) the tablet.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 手 with 晉 as phonetic. The second char. fanqie: 夫真; Bao's commentary on the Lunyu says, '紳 means a large sash.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 系 with 申 as phonetic).

84.120

Deceive and mislead (譸張, fanqie: 陟留): Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says, '譸張 means to deceive.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 言 with 壽 as phonetic. The treatise text writes it with 車 as 輈, which does not have the meaning of 譸張).

84.121

Rong and Mo (貉, fanqie: 莫革): The Shangshu says, 'The Chinese and the Man and Mo barbarians, none failed to submit and obey.' Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says, 'The northerners are called Mo (貉).' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 豸 with 各 as phonetic, or with 百 as 貊. The treatise text writes it with 白 as 狛; the Shuowen jiezi says, '狛 is like a wolf,' which is not the meaning here; 狛 has the sound 怕).

84.122

Intercept (徼) them (fanqie: 堅弔): Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says, '徼 means to intercept.' The Shuowen jiezi says it means to patrol in order to block and check; it is formed from 彳 with 敫 as phonetic; 敫 has the sound 藥).

84.123

Swiftly (馺然, fanqie: 三荅): The Fangyan says, '馺 means a horse galloping.' Guo's commentary says, '馺馺 is an appearance of speed.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 馬 with 及 as phonetic.

84.124

Whom to follow (適從, fanqie: 丁曆): The Kaosheng says, '適 points to what is real; it means good; it means to take charge of.' It is a phonetically borrowed character.

84.125

Smelt and cast (陶鑄, the first char. fanqie: 道刀; the Han Commentary on the Shijing says, '陶 means to remove; it means to nourish.' The Kaosheng says, 'The appearance of flowing water.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 𨸏 with 匋 as phonetic. The second char. fanqie: 朱樹; the Zuozhuan says, 'Casting (鑄) tripods to depict the spirits.' Gu Yewang says, 'It refers to melting copper to make vessels.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 金 with 壽 as phonetic; 煬 has the fanqie 羊亮).

84.126

Bandits in Kuai (鄶, fanqie: 公外): Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says, 'Kuai was northeast of Mi County in Xingyang; it was the ancient state of Kuai.' Gu Yewang says, 'Kuai was destroyed by Duke Wu of Zheng, and later became Zheng territory.'

84.127

Strike with a club (棓擊, fanqie: 龐講): Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says, 'A 棓 is a large staff.' Guo's commentary on the Fangyan says, 'It is today's flail used for threshing grain.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 木 with 咅 (fanqie: 土口) as phonetic.

84.128

Destroy and strip (剝, fanqie: 邦角): Zheng's annotation to the Mao Commentary on the Shijing says, '剝 means to peel or scrape.' The Picang says, '剝 means to strip off its skin.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 刀 with 彔 as phonetic. The treatise text writes it with 馬 as 駮; 駮 is the name of a horse, which is not the meaning here; 彔 has the sound 祿).

84.129

Choking on food (噎, fanqie: 煙結): Guo's commentary on the Fangyan says, '噎 means pain.' The Shuowen jiezi says, 'Food obstructing the throat'; it is formed from 口 with 壹 as phonetic; 窒 has the fanqie 珍栗).

84.130

Distressed and stumbling (躓, fanqie: 知利): Gu Yewang says, '躓 is like stumbling.' The Zuozhuan says, 'Du Hui stumbled (躓) and fell over.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 足 with 質 as phonetic.

84.131

Push away (屏撥, fanqie: 半末): The Guangya says, '撥 means to remove.' Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says, 'It means to discard.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 手 with 發 as phonetic.

84.132

Tuoba Tao (fanqie: 徒到): the personal name of Emperor Shizu of the [Northern] Wei.

84.133

Bows and shields (盾, fanqie: 脣準): Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says, 'The 盾 belongs to the class of body shields.' The Shuowen jiezi says, 'That by which one protects the body and shields the eyes'; it is a pictographic character.

84.134

Burn and pillage (掠, fanqie: 力約): Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says, '掠 refers to plundering goods and wealth.' Gu Yewang says, '掠 refers to capturing and taking goods and wealth.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 手 with 京 as phonetic. 虜 has the sound 魯).

84.135

Behead and expose the head (梟斬, fanqie: 堅堯): Gu Yewang says, 'Suspending a severed head from a tree or atop a pole to display their crime.' The Shuowen jiezi says, 'An inverted head is an owl (梟)'; it is a pictographic character. The treatise text writes it with 鳥 as 梟, which is incorrect).

84.136

Feed them sweet malt (飴之, fanqie: 以之): The Fangyan says, 'Maltose (飴) is called starch syrup; it is common parlance east of the Pass between Chen and Song.' The Shuowen jiezi says, 'It is boiled rice mash'; it is formed from 食 with 台 as phonetic; 𮒷 has the fanqie 言列).

84.137

Approach the pitfall (壏, fanqie: 咸黤): The Chunqiu commentary says, 'Bound them and put them in a pit (壏).' The Hanshu says, 'A ferocious tiger within a pitfall trap (壏穽).' The Songshu says, 'Because earth was compacted to make it, it is written with 土 as 壏; it means an earthen pit.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed with 鑒 abbreviated as phonetic. We note that the treatise text writes it with 木 as 檻, which also means a tiger cage shaped like a chest; 穽 has the sound 淨).

84.138

Xun Xi (the first char. fanqie: 詢閏; the second char. sound 習): a person's name.

84.139

Intelligent and sagacious (聰叡, the first char. fanqie: 七公; the Han Commentary on the Shijing says, '聰 means clear of hearing; it means discerning.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 耳 with 怱 as phonetic. The second char. fanqie: 榆惠; the Shuowen jiezi says, '叡 means wise; it means sagacious.' Sometimes it is written with 土 as 壡 in the large seal script. The treatise text writes it as 睿, an ancient form, formed from 𣦻, 目, and 谷 abbreviated; 𣦻 has the sound 殘).

84.140

Set (厝) in mind (fanqie: 麤路): The Lunyu says, 'There is setting (厝) in place.' The Fangyan says, 'It means to apply; it means to settle.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 厂 with 昔 as phonetic; 厂 has the sound 䍐).

84.141

Zhou Yi (fanqie: 魚豈): a person's name.

84.142

Wang Mi (fanqie: 民必): a person's name.

84.143

Elevate (抗) one's conduct (fanqie: 康浪): Zheng's annotation to the Mao Commentary on the Shijing says, '抗 means to raise high.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 手 with 亢 as phonetic.

84.144

Milfoil and tortoise shell (蓍龜, fanqie: 舒夷): The Cangjiepian says, '蓍 refers to divination stalks.' The Shuowen jiezi says, 'A type of mugwort; in a thousand years it produces three hundred stalks.' Gu Yewang says, 'For divination stalks forty-nine stalks are used.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 艸 with 耆 as phonetic.

84.145

Jiang Bin (fanqie: 筆中): a person's name.

84.146

Rush mat (莞席, fanqie: 胡官): Zheng's annotation to the Mao Commentary on the Shijing says, '莞 is a small cattail mat.' Gu Yewang says, '莞 resembles cattail and is round.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 艸 with 完 as phonetic.

84.147

Straw sandals (草屨, fanqie: 俱宇): Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says, '屨 refers to straw footwear.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is formed from 履 abbreviated, with 婁 as phonetic.

84.148

Pungent and rank [辛羴] (弍 [read 二] plus 延 fanqie. The *Zhouli* states: "In winter it is fitting to use fresh feathered fowl, and the lard-fat prepared should be mutton-rank [羴]." The *Shuowen* states: "It means foul-smelling; correctly written with three 'sheep' [羊]." In the treatise, it is written as 羶, which is a vulgar character).

84.149

Bright and transcendent [鑠靈] (傷 plus 酌 fanqie. Guo [Pu]'s commentary on the *Fangyan* states: "鑠 means bright and luminous." The commentary to the *Mao Poetry* states: "It means fine." In the treatise, it is written with 'fire' [火] as 爍, meaning 'to melt', which is not the correct meaning. The *Shuowen* has it with 'metal' [金] and 樂 phonetic).

84.150

Robes and bowl [衣盋] (半 plus 末 fanqie. The *Tongsuwen* states: "A 𥁊 is a monk's begging bowl." The *Shuowen* has it with 'vessel' [皿] and 犮 phonetic; 犮 is pronounced 盤 plus 末 fanqie).

84.151

Serene and detached [寂泊] (攀 plus 陌 fanqie; a phonetic loan character).

84.152

Yeast and malt [𥷥糱] (言 plus 列 fanqie. The *Shangshu* states: "If making sweet wine, you need yeast and malt [𥷥糱]." The *Shuowen* has it with 'rice' [米] and 嶭 phonetic).

84.153

Pungent roots [辛葷] (虛 plus 云 fanqie. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the *Liji* states: "葷 are pungent vegetables." The *Shenglei* states: "Wild garlic is also called 葷." The *Shuowen* has it with 'grass' [艸] and 軍 phonetic).

84.154

*Lunheng*, Fascicle Two

84.155

Contending together [相鬬] (丁 plus 豆 fanqie. The *Cang Jie pian* states: "Disputing at the gate." The *Shuowen* states: "Two warriors facing each other with weapons behind them; a pictographic character." Now writing it with 𧯞 inside 門 is in general vulgar use. In the treatise, writing it with 'knife' [刀] as 剅 is an error).

84.156

Sacrificial stand and minced meat [爼醢] (The upper character is 㽵 plus 所 fanqie. The *Kaosheng* states: "A 俎 is a vessel for holding meat." The *Liji* states: "Under the Zhou, it was called a chamber-stand [房俎], with four legs like a low table." The *Shuowen* states: "It is composed of half of meat upon 且; a pictographic character." The lower character is pronounced 海. Guo's commentary on the *Erya* states: "醢 is meat paste." The *Shuowen* has it with 'wine' [酉] and 𥁓 phonetic; 𥁓 is pronounced 于 plus 救 fanqie. It is also written with 有 as 𥁓, which is likewise in common use).

84.157

Personally spying [親覘] (勅 plus 焰 fanqie. Du [Yu]'s commentary on the *Zuo zhuan* states: "覘 means to spy out." Zheng's commentary on the *Liji* states: "It means to peep [闚]." The *Shuowen* has it with 'see' [見] and 占 phonetic; 闚 is pronounced 企 plus 唯 fanqie).

84.158

General outline [楊榷] (口 plus 角 fanqie. Xu Shuzhong [Xu Shen]'s commentary on the *Huainanzi* states: "楊摧 means a rough outline." The *Guangya* states: "摧 means a bridge." The *Shuowen* has it with 'tree' [木] as 榷, a horizontal timber across water used for crossing).

84.159

Injurious vermin [傷蠧] (都 plus 故 fanqie. The *Zuo zhuan* states: "The lord gathered vermin." The *Shuowen* states: "Insects that harm things; composed of 䖵 with 橐 phonetic." 橐 is pronounced 託).

84.160

Simplicity and plainness [樸素] (普 plus 剝 fanqie. Wang Bi's commentary on the *Laozi* states: "樸 means genuine." The *Shuowen* states: "Plain wood; composed of 木 with 菐 phonetic." Writing it with 卜 as 朴 is also acceptable).

84.161

Distant expectation [[奐-大+((〡*目)/一/乂)]期] (休 plus 盛 fanqie. Liu Zhao's commentary on the *Hanshu* states: "敻 means deep and distant." The *Guliang zhuan* states: "敻 entering a country of a thousand li; it also means to seek out." The *Shuowen* has it composed of 敻 and of a person above a cave [穴]; 𡕥 is pronounced 火 plus 劣 fanqie).

84.162

Wild duck [續𠒎] (父 plus 于 fanqie. The commentary to the *Mao Poetry* states: "The 𠒎 is a waterbird." Gu Yewang states: "It is a duck." The *Shuowen* has it with abbreviated 'bird' [鳥] and 几 phonetic; 几 is pronounced 殊).

84.163

What is inhaled [所吸] (歆 plus 邑 fanqie. The commentary to the *Mao Poetry* states: "It means to draw in." The *Guangya* states: "It means to drink." The *Kaosheng* states: "To take in breath." The *Shuowen* has it with 'mouth' [口] and 及 phonetic. In the treatise, writing it with 翕 as 噏 is incorrect).

84.164

Striking the teeth [扣齒] (苦 plus 后 fanqie. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the *Analects* states: "扣 means to strike." The *Shuowen* states: "扣 means to knock upon; composed of 手 with 口 phonetic").

84.165

Straw mat [薦席] (煎 plus 電 fanqie. Ru Chun's commentary on the *Hanshu* states: "Thick grass is called 薦." The *Shiming* states: "A bed mat [牀薦] is that which serves as a pad under oneself." The *Guangya* states: "薦 means a mat." The *Shuowen* has it with 'grass' [艸] and 廌 phonetic; 廌 is pronounced 豸. In the treatise, writing 'grass' and 'bamboo' as 簫 is incorrect).

84.166

Donkey rolling on the ground [驢𩥇] (The lower character is 展 plus 碾 fanqie. The *Picang* states: "A horse rolling in the dirt is 𩥇." The *Shuowen* has it with 'horse' [馬] and 展 phonetic. In the treatise, writing it with 'cart' [車] as 輾 is an error).

84.167

Plucking the head [摘頭] (陟 plus 草 fanqie. The *Kaosheng* states: "摘 means to pluck and take." The *Shuowen* has it with 'hand' [手] and 啇 phonetic).

84.168

Hanging comb [懸櫛] (側 plus 瑟 fanqie. The *Liji* states: "For combs, ivory combs are used." The *Shuowen* states: "The general term for combs; composed of 木 with 節 phonetic").

84.169

Kneading clay [挻埴] (The upper character is 式 plus 延 fanqie; the lower character is 時 plus 弋 fanqie. The imperial commentary on the *Laozi* states: "挺 means to blend, to beat." The *Shuowen* has it with 'hand' [手] and 延 phonetic. 埴 is clay, sticky soil; potters blend clay to make earthenware vessels. The *Shuowen* has it with 'earth' [土] and 直 phonetic. In the treatise, writing it with 'earth' as 埏 is incorrect).

84.170

Dharma Master Meng [勐法師] (莫 plus 杏 fanqie; a monk's name).

84.171

Of their kind [之儔] (直 plus 留 fanqie. The *Yunlüe* states: "儔 means a peer, a category." The *Guangya* states: "It means to rely on." The *Shuowen* has it with 'person' [人] and 壽 phonetic).

84.172

Favoured minister [嬖臣] (補 plus 悌 fanqie. Du's commentary on the *Zuo zhuan* states: "嬖 means intimate and favoured." Liu Xi's commentary on the *Hanshu* states: "It means lowly." The *Shuowen* has it with 'woman' [女] and 辟 phonetic).

84.173

Vehement and sharp [激切] (經 plus 的 fanqie. Wang Yi's commentary on the *Chuci* states: "激 means moved to feeling." The *Fangyan* states: "The sound is clear." The *Shuowen* has it with 'water' [水] and 敫 phonetic; 敫 is pronounced 羊 plus 酌 fanqie).

84.174

Dharma Master Ai [藹法師] (衣 plus 蓋 fanqie; a monk's name).

84.175

Mixed together [雜粈] (尼 plus 救 fanqie. Zheng's commentary on the *Yili* states: "[米*(刃/一)] means mixed." The *Shuowen* states: "Mixed cooked rice; composed of 米 with 丑 phonetic." In the treatise, writing it with 柔 as 糅 is a vulgar but commonly accepted form).

84.176

Eating mulberries [食椹] (拾 plus 荏 fanqie. The *Dianshuo* states: "The fruit of the mulberry tree." The *Mao Poetry* states: "Ah, you turtledove! Do not eat the mulberries!" The *Shuowen* has it with 'tree' [木] and 甚 phonetic).

84.177

Carrying a coffin [擔棺] (丁 plus 甘 fanqie. The *Guangya* states: "擔 means to lift." Dictionaries state: "To bear on the back." The *Shuowen* has it with 'hand' [手] and 詹 phonetic).

84.178

Cleaving apart [融剖] (普 plus 后 fanqie. Kong's commentary on the *Shangshu* states: "To strip off bark." Du's commentary on the *Zuo zhuan* states: "To divide down the middle is 剖." The *Shuowen* has it with 'knife' [刀] and 咅 phonetic. In the treatise, writing it with 'tongue' [舌] as 刮 is incorrect).

84.179

Trimming and clipping [剔翦] (The upper character is 他 plus 曆 fanqie. The *Yupian* states: "剔 means to trim, to shave hair." The *Shuowen* has it with 'knife' [刀] and 易 phonetic. The lower character is 子 plus 賤 fanqie. Zheng's commentary on the *Mao Poetry* states: "翦 means to cut off." The *Erya* states: "翦 means to even out." The *Shuowen* states: "To cut evenly; composed of 羽 with 前 phonetic").

84.180

Common populace [氓俗] (麥 plus 耕 fanqie. Zheng's commentary on the *Zhouli* states: "Distinguishing the common people, speaking of inside and outside; 氓 is like 'muddled and ignorant' in appearance." Liu Xi's commentary on the *Hanshu* states: "The borders of the distant suburbs are called 泯." The *Shuowen* has it with 'people' [民] and 亡 phonetic).

84.181

Obliterating it [泯之] (彌 plus 忍 fanqie. The commentary to the *Mao Poetry* states: "泯 means to extinguish." The *Erya* states: "It means to deplete." The *Shuowen* has it with 'water' [水] and 民 phonetic. In the treatise, writing it with 'mountain' [山] as 𧉬 is an error).

84.182

Ziyun [子贇] (于 plus 倫 fanqie; an emperor's name).

84.183

Anvil and mallet [碪椎] (The upper character is 縶 plus 林 fanqie. The *Shuowen* has it with 'stone' [石] and 甚 phonetic. In the treatise, writing it with 占 as 砧 is vulgar but acceptable. The lower character is 直 plus 追 fanqie. The *Taigong Liutao* states: "A square-headed iron mallet weighing eight catties, with a handle five feet long." Gu Yewang states: "That by which objects are struck." The *Shuowen* has it with 'wood' [木] and 隹 phonetic. In the treatise, it is written as 搥, which is incorrect. 縶 is pronounced 砧 plus 立 fanqie).

84.184

*Lunheng*, Fascicle Three

84.185

Xin Xu [辛諝] (相 plus [耜-耒] fanqie. The *Gujin zhengzi* states: "An appellation for one with wisdom; a person's name").

84.186

Pained heart [疚心] (居 plus 又 fanqie. The *Erya* states: "Disease and distress." The *Zuo zhuan* states: "A gentleman is not distressed [疚] by profit or righteousness." The *Shuowen* has it with 疒 [pronounced 女 plus 厄 fanqie] and 久 phonetic).

84.187

Zhongchang [重敞] (昌 plus 兩 fanqie; a monk's name).

84.188

Broad outline [梗概] (The upper character is 柯 plus 杏 fanqie. Wang Yi's commentary on the *Chuci* states: "梗 means strong." Guo's commentary on the *Erya* states: "It means straight." The lower character is 柯 plus 代 fanqie. Xue Zong's commentary on the *Dongdu fu* states: "梗概 means not fine and detailed." The *Shuowen* has both characters with 'tree' [木], and 更 and 既 as their respective phonetics).

84.189

Contradictory and disparate [踳駁] (The upper character is 春 plus 允 fanqie. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the *Huainanzi* states: "踳 means contradictory, also discrepant." The *Shuowen* has it with 'foot' [足] and 春 phonetic. The lower character is 邦 plus 角 fanqie. The *Zhuangzi* states: "Contradictory and disparate, not harmonised into one." The *Shuowen* has it with 'horse' [馬] and 爻 phonetic. In the treatise, writing it with 交 as 駮 is an error).

84.190

Petty and trifling [佌瑣] (The upper character is pronounced 此, and also pronounced 紫. The *Shuowen* has it with 'person' [人] and 此 phonetic. The lower character is pronounced 鏁; already explained in the earlier preface to the treatises).

84.191

Foot kneeling [趾跪] (The upper character is 支 plus 市 fanqie. The *Zuo zhuan* states: "Like stepping with jade-like feet." Du's commentary states: "趾 means feet." The *Shuowen* has it with 'foot' [足] and 止 phonetic. In the treatise, writing it with 互 as 𧿟 is an error; 𧿟 is pronounced 丁 plus 計 fanqie).

84.192

Abashed and blushing [忸赧] (The upper character is 女 plus 六 fanqie. Jia Kui's commentary on the *Guoyu* states: "忸怩 means a shameful expression on the face." The *Guangya* states: "The appearance of being distressed and sorrowful." The *Shuowen* has it with 'heart' [心] and 丑 phonetic. The lower character is 女 plus 簡 fanqie. The *Fangyan* states: "赧 means ashamed." The *Shuowen* states: "A face flushing with shame; correctly composed of 赤 and 㞋; 㞋 is pronounced 展, which is the phonetic." In the treatise, writing it with 'skin' [皮] as 𧹞 is a vulgar character).

84.193

Resonant clangour [鏗鍧] (The upper character is 口 plus 耕 fanqie; the lower character is 呼 plus 橫 fanqie. The *Kaosheng* states: "鏗鍧 is the sound of a bell." In the *Shuowen*, both characters have 'metal' [金], with 堅 and 訇 as phonetics; 訇 has the same pronunciation as above. In the treatise, writing it with 宕 as 𨧩 is incorrect).

84.194

Striking him [毆之] (於 plus 口 fanqie. The *Shiji* states: "Startled, he wished to strike him." The *Shuowen* states: "毆 means to strike; composed of 殳 with 區 phonetic." 殳 is pronounced 殊. In the treatise, writing it with 支 as 敺 is incorrect).

84.195

Broom of the way [道帚] (周 plus 酉 fanqie. The *Shiben* states: "Shaokang invented the dustpan and broom." Gu Yewang states: "A broom is used for sweeping away filth and dirt." The *Shuowen* states: "Composed of 又 holding a cloth to sweep within a gateway").

84.196

Plagiarising doctrines [勦說] (楚 plus 交 fanqie. Zheng's commentary on the *Liji* states: "勦 means to seize [掔, pronounced 却 plus 堅 fanqie]; meaning taking another's statements to make them one's own." The *Picang* states: "It also means speaking on another's behalf; also written as 䜈." The *Shuowen* has it with 'strength' [力] and 巢 phonetic).

84.197

Constantly uttering [亟發] (欺 plus 吏 fanqie. The *Erya* states: "亟 means swift." Du's commentary on the *Zuo zhuan* states: "It means frequently." The *Fangyan* states: "It means to love." The *Shuowen* states: "Composed of 人, 口, 又, and 二; the two is heaven and earth; an ideogram").

84.198

Entrusting and burdening [諈諉] (The upper character is 竹 plus 恚 fanqie; the lower character is 女 plus 恚 fanqie. Guo's commentary on the *Erya* states: "Charging and burdening one another with affairs is 諈諉." Cai Mo states: "It means to entrust." The *Shuowen* has both characters with 'speech' [言], and 垂 and 委 as their respective phonetics; 恚 is pronounced 伊 plus 季 fanqie).

84.199

Cedrela and fungus [椿菌] (The upper character is 恥 plus 倫 fanqie. The *Zhuangzi* states: "The great cedrela tree has eight hundred years as one spring, and eight hundred years as one autumn." The *Shuowen* has it with 'wood' [木] and 春 phonetic. The lower character is 群 plus 殞 fanqie. The *Shanhaijing* states: "Mount Mengzi has many fungi, which know neither the end of the month nor the new moon." Sima Biao states: "Short-lived mushrooms; south of the Yangtze they are called ground fungus, and also called kui-larders." The *Shuowen* has it with 'grass' [艸] and 囷 phonetic; 囷 is pronounced 丘 plus 倫 fanqie).

84.200

The Bohai Sea [渤澥] (The upper character is 盆 plus 沒 fanqie; the lower character is 諧 plus 買 fanqie. The *Shuowen* states: "渤澥 is another name for the sea." The *Zixu fu* has: "Light floating over Xiebo." The *Shuowen* has both characters with 'water' [水], and 勃 and 解 as their respective phonetics).

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一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese