一切經音義 24

English (machine translation) 24

Language: English

24.1

Compiled by the Sūtra-translating Śramaṇa Huilin of the Great Tang

Sounds for the Sūtra on the Seal-Entry Dharma-Gate of Faith's Power, 5 fascicles: Huilin
Sūtra on the Wisdom-Light Adornment That Transcends the Realms of All Buddhas, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Sūtra on the Buddha's Avataṃsaka Entry into the Inconceivable Realm of the Tathāgata's Virtues and Wisdom, 2 fascicles: Huilin
Great and Vast Buddha Avataṃsaka Sūtra on Cultivating Loving-Kindness, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Great and Vast Sūtra on the Tathāgata's Inconceivable Realm, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Great and Vast Sūtra on Entry into the Tathāgata's Inconceivable Wisdom and Virtues, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Great and Vast Samantabhadra Sūtra, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Mahāyāna Diamond-Topknot-Jewel Bodhisattva Practice Sūtra, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Great and Vast Buddha Avataṃsaka Sūtra on the Inconceivable Buddha-Realm, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Sūtra on Adorning the Bodhicitta, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Great and Vast Bodhisattva Ten Stages Sūtra, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Sūtra on All Bodhisattvas Seeking the Fundamental Deeds of a Buddha, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Bodhisattva Fundamental Deeds Sūtra, 1 fascicle: Xuanying
Tuṣa-sūtra, 1 fascicle: Xuanying
Sūtra on the Contemplation Gate of the Forty-Two Syllables of the Chapter on Entry into the Dharma Realm of the Great and Vast Buddha Avataṃsaka-sūtra, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Sūtra on the Bodhisattva's Practice of the Ten Abodes, 1 fascicle: Huilin
Bodhisattva Ten Abodes Sūtra, 1 fascicle: Xuanying
Sūtra on Revealing the Merits of Boundless Buddha Lands, 1 fascicle: no glosses
Gradual Preparation Sūtra, 5 fascicles: Xuanying
Ten Abodes Sūtra, 5 fascicles: Xuanying
Sūtra of the Questions of Bodhisattva Samacakṣus, 2 fascicles: Xuanying
Sūtra on the Tathāgata's Arising and Manifestation, 4 fascicles: Xuanying
World-Saving Sūtra, 6 fascicles: Xuanying
Rāmaka-sūtra, 3 fascicles: Xuanying
Continuation of the Chapter on Entry into the Dharma Realm of the Great and Vast Buddha Avataṃsaka-sūtra (some editions lack the word "Continuation").
(If following the catalog of newly entered texts into the canon, in between these there are the Northern Recension of the Nirvāṇa-sūtra in 40 fascicles, the Southern Recension of the Nirvāṇa-sūtra in 36 fascicles, the Cremation Section of the Nirvāṇa-sūtra in 2 fascicles, the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra in 6 fascicles, and the Vaipulya Parinirvāṇa-sūtra in 2 fascicles; the above five sūtras in 86 fascicles have altogether two fascicles of Sounds and Meanings, which are the subsequent twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth fascicles).
Four Boys Sūtra, 3 fascicles: Huilin
Great Compassion Sūtra, 5 fascicles: Huilin
Vaipulya Lalitavistara-sūtra, 12 fascicles: Huilin
The above 28 sūtras, totalling 69 fascicles, have their glosses in this fascicle.

24.3

Sūtra on the Seal-Entry Dharma-Gate of Faith's Power

24.4

Fascicle One

24.5

Compiled by the Sūtra-translating Śramaṇa Huilin

24.6

Balustrade 闌楯 (the first is pronounced 蘭 [lán], the second is pronounced 順 [shùn]; fully explained previously in the glosses on the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra; the sūtra writes it with the radical 木 as 欄, which is the name of a tree and not the intended meaning of the sūtra).

24.7

Śūraṅgama 首楞嚴 (the Sanskrit name of a samādhi; the first character has the fanqie: 勒登 [léng]; it is a vulgar character; the standard form in the Shuowen is written as [棱-土+ㄓ], meaning the corner edge of wood; it is formed from the radical 木 with the phonetic夌; Śūraṅgama was translated in ancient times as "extremely deep", but the meaning was not fully exhausted; 柧 is pronounced 孤 [gū]).

24.8

Fascicle Two

24.9

Deliverance 拔濟 (the first has the fanqie: 辦八 [bá]; Gu Yewang says: "拔 means to draw out"; the Kaosheng says: "It means to pull out; to rescue"; the Shuowen says: "To pull up"; it is formed from the radical 手 with the phonetic 犮; 犮 has the fanqie: 盤鉢 [bó]; the character 犮 is formed from 犬 and [必-心]; writing it with 夭 as 拔 in the sūtra text is incorrect).

24.10

Factor of awakening: pliancy/calm 猗覺分 (the first has the fanqie: 意宜 [yī]; the character dictionary says: "It means beautiful; to add"; in the Zuozhuan it is an exclamatory particle; the Shuowen has it formed with the radical 犬 and the phonetic 奇; the character 猗 in the sūtra is a vulgar usage).

24.11

Kṣānti 羼提 (the first has the fanqie: 察限 [chàn]; Sanskrit; in the Tang language it means patience).

24.12

Fascicle Three

24.13

Eye of a needle 鍼孔 (fanqie: 執滛 [zhēn]; the Guangya says: "鍼 means to prick"; the Shuowen says: "That which is used to sew clothes"; it is formed from the radical 金 with an abbreviated 咸 as phonetic; nowadays writing it with 十 as 針 is a vulgar character).

24.14

Fascicle Four (no characters to gloss)

24.15

Fascicle Five

24.16

Wailing and crying out 噭喚 (the first has the fanqie: 古吊 [jiào]; Gu Yewang says: "噭 means to call out"; the Shuowen says: "To roar"; it is formed from the radical 口 with the phonetic 敫; the second has the fanqie: 歡貫 [huàn]; the Kaosheng says: "喚 means to call out"; 喚 has the same sound).

24.17

Sūtra on the Wisdom-Light Adornment That Transcends the Realms of All Buddhas

24.18

Compiled by Huilin

24.19

Dabbhamalla蹋臘驃 (the first has the fanqie: 徒合 [dá]; the second has the fanqie: 必曜 [biào]; the Sanskrit name of an arhat).

24.20

Non-retrogressing 不𨓤 (fanqie: 吐內 [tuì]; the sūtra writes it with the radical 艮 as 退, which is a vulgar character; "not retrogressing" has the meaning of being resolute and courageously progressing; from the eighth stage upward, it is collectively termed "non-retrogressing"; the Shuowen says: "The sun moving slowly; formed from 日, 久, and 辵; an ideographic character"; it is also written as 𨑧 and 𨔫, both being ancient characters; it also has the pronunciation shuī).

24.21

Leaping over the city wall 踰城 (fanqie: 庾朱 [yú]; Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu says: "踰 means to cross over"; the Guangya says: "To cross"; it is also written as 逾 with the same meaning; the Shuowen says it is formed from the radical 足 with the phonetic 俞; the vulgar form is written as 踰).

24.22

Mane hair 鬣毛 (fanqie: 廉輙 [liè]; Gu Yewang says: "The long hair on a horse's neck"; he also says: "The long hair on the neck of any beast is called 鬣"; the Shuowen says: "鬣 means neck-hair; formed from the radical 髟 with the phonetic 鼠; it is also written with the radical 毛 as 㲱, or with the radical 犭 as 獵, all having the same meaning"; 髟 has the fanqie: 必遙 [biāo]; 鼠 has the same sound as above).

24.23

Sūtra on the Buddha's Avataṃsaka Entry into the Inconceivable Realm of the Tathāgata's Virtues and Wisdom

24.24

First Fascicle

24.25

Huilin

24.26

Kāśyapa 迦葉波 (the Sanskrit name of Mahākāśyapa; 葉 is pronounced 攝 [shè]; the character 波 is written in the sūtra text as 簸, which means a winnowing basket, in the departing tone, which does not conform to the Sanskrit; it should properly be emended now to 波).

24.27

Muhūrta 牟侯利 (the Sanskrit transcription is not close and is erroneous; the correct Sanskrit pronunciation is muhūrta 謨護律多, the name of a division of time; anciently translated as xuyu [須臾, an instant] or as mohu 謨忽).

24.28

Brahmā 婆羅訶摩 (Sanskrit; the name of Brahmādeva).

24.29

Garuḍa 伽留荼 (Sanskrit; crude and unrefined; in ancient texts called jiāluóluó 迦婁羅, namely the golden-winged bird).

24.30

Śakra 舍迦囉 (Sanskrit; in ancient texts called the name of the heavenly lord Indra 帝釋).

24.31

Xiūmíliú 修迷留 (also Sanskrit Sumeru, the name of a mountain; or called Xūmí 須彌; here rendered 'Wondrously High Mountain').

24.32

Lower Fascicle

24.33

Pílúlí 鞞瑠璃 (The first character is fanqie 陛迷 [bēi]. Sanskrit for the name of a jewel. Formerly called bímílúlí 毘瑠璃; now abbreviated as liúlí 瑠璃).

24.34

Zhéluójiābōlì 柘羅迦波利 (The sound of the first character is fanqie 之夜 [zhē]. The name of a non-Buddhist ascetic).

24.35

Ājiāníshāchà 阿迦尼沙詫 (Chà 詫 is fanqie 宅嫁 [zhà]. Sanskrit for the name of a heaven in the upper realm; here rendered 'the Heaven of Neither Perception Nor Non-Perception').

24.36

Dǎgǔ shí 打皷時 ('when striking the drum': in the Western Countries, one day and one night are divided into eight periods or fifteen periods, and drums are always beaten to mark the divisions of time, just like the clepsydras, bells, and drums of this country).

24.37

Shējiāyèmùní 奢迦夜牟尼 (namely, Śākyamuni).

24.38

Chāná chāná jiān 叉拏叉拏間 (anciently called chànà chànà jiān 剎那剎那間 ['moment by moment']; the translations differ in elegance).

24.39

Bǎobǎn 寶板 (Bǎn 板 is fanqie 百簡 [bǎn]. The Shuowen jiezi says it has radical mù 木 and fǎn 反 phonetic. In the sūtra text it is written with piàn 片 as 㭊, which is incorrect).

24.40

Sātōupó 娑偷波 (an erroneous Sanskrit transcription; correctly it is sūdǔpó 窣覩波, which is a Buddhist stūpa).

24.41

Yītuán 一摶 (Pronounced tuán 團. Those who eat ball-shaped food [kavaḍīkārāhāra] do not use spoons or chopsticks, but roll it by hand and eat it, continuing an ancient, crude custom. How could it compare to the modern practice in this country of changing ancient ways to use spoons and chopsticks, which is refined, elegant, dignified, and clean?).

24.42

Sūtra on Entering the Inconceivable Wisdom and Virtues of the Tathāgata, an Expansive Sūtra (one fascicle)

24.43

Huilin

24.44

Shǒulèngyán 𩠐楞嚴 (Lèngyán is fanqie 勒登 [lèng]. An abbreviated Sanskrit term; here translated as 'extremely profound'. The correct Sanskrit sound is gambhīrya; the sūtra follows the ancient translation of the samādhi).

24.45

Xiāohé 消涸 (The sound of the first character is xiāo 霄. The sound of the lower character is fanqie 胡各 [hé]. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says hé 涸 is like 'exhausted'. The Guangya says 'depleted'. The Shuowen jiezi agrees with the meaning in the Guoyu; it has radical shuǐ 水 and gù 固 phonetic).

24.46

Wūchí 洿池 (The sound of the first character is wū 烏. The Guangya says wū 洿 means 'turbid' and 'deep'. The Zuo zhuan says: 'waters of stagnant pools and running puddles'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'turbid, non-flowing water; with radical shuǐ 水 and kuā 夸 phonetic; kuā is pronounced qū 區').

24.47

Shéwèi zhāntán 虵衛旃檀 (Zhān 旃 is fanqie 之然 [zhān]. Zhāntán 旃檀 is an abbreviation of the Sanskrit; the correct Sanskrit pronunciation is candana, the name of a fragrant wood from the Western Countries. Since this country originally lacked it, it was difficult to translate, and from ancient times only the Sanskrit was retained and handed down as its name; it is white sandalwood. Foreigners say this fragrance comes from island mountains in the oceans, in two varieties, red and white, with the red being superior. Its nature is very cool and cold, able to eliminate heat sickness and swellings of sores. Where this tree grows in the mountains, there are many large venomous serpents. During the sweltering heat of the summer months, these serpents stay mostly on the trees to escape the heat; where there are many serpents, the fragrance is exceptional. The barbarians shoot the trees with arrows to mark them, waiting until the serpents hibernate before harvesting them).

24.48

Sūtra on the Inconceivable Realm of the Tathāgatas, an Expansive Sūtra (one fascicle)

24.49

Compiled by Huilin

24.50

Zhuóběn 擢本 (Zhuó 擢 is fanqie 撞卓 [zhuó]. The Kaosheng says: 'to uproot completely'. The Fangyan says: 'west of the Pass, some say bá 拔, some say zhuó 擢.' The Cangjie pian says: 'to draw out'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'to pull out; with radical shǒu 手 and dí 翟 phonetic; dí is pronounced zhái 宅, and the top of the character dí has radical yǔ 羽').

24.51

Bùhù 布濩 (Hù 濩 is fanqie 胡故 [hù]. The Kaosheng says bùhù 布濩 means 'appearance of abundance'. The Shuowen jiezi says it is the appearance of water dripping from eaves; with radical shuǐ 水 and huò 蒦 phonetic; huò is fanqie 泓號 [hù]; hóng 泓 is fanqie 烏萠 [yīng]').

24.52

Sēnwèi 森蔚 (The first character is fanqie 霜簪 [sēn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'appearance of trees being numerous and tall; an associative compound made of three mù 木 characters'. The lower character is fanqie 氳律 [yù]. The Cangjie pian says: 'appearance of luxuriant vegetation'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'male wormwood; with radical cǎo 草 and the abbreviated sound of wèi 慰').

24.53

Yíchǎng 夷敞 (Chǎng 敞 is fanqie 昌掌 [chǎng]. The Cangjie pian says: 'chǎng means high and clear'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'high ground in an open plain from which one can look into the distance; with radical zhī 攴 and shàng 尚 phonetic; zhī is fanqie 普卜 [pū]; nowadays it is written with standard clerical script as an abbreviation').

24.54

Ruìmào 䓲茂 (The sound of the first character is ruì 銳. Guo Pu's commentary on the Fangyan says: 'sprouts newly emerging'. The Kaosheng says: 'appearance of luxuriant vegetation and water'. The Gujin zhengzi has the same meaning; with radical cǎo 草 and duì 侻 phonetic; duì is fanqie 他活 [tuō]').

24.55

Huòmǐ 靃靡 (The first character is fanqie 雖蘂 [suǐ]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says huòmǐ means grasses yielding and bending with the wind. The Shuowen jiezi says it has radical yǔ 雨 and chóu 雔 phonetic. In the sūtra it is written with radical cǎo 草 as 𧆑, pronounced huò 霍, which is incorrect. Chóu 雔 is pronounced chóu 讎).

24.56

Mòmǎn 粖[(暴-(日/共)+夭)/甘] (Pronounced as fanqie 滿鉢 [mǎn]).

24.57

Sūtra on the Inconceivable Realm of the Buddhas, a Chapter of the Great and Expansive Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra

24.58

Xìruǎn 𥿳耎 (The upper character is the standard form of xì 細. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'minute and small'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'tiny; with radical mì 糸 and xìn 囟 phonetic'. The lower character is fanqie 而兗 [ruǎn]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Kaogong ji says: 'ruǎn means soft and pliable'. The Gujin zhengzi says it has radical ér 而 and quǎn 犬 phonetic. The base text of the sūtra has 輭, which is commonly used, or 軟, both of which are incorrect).

24.59

Xiélìfùduō 纈麗縛多 (The first character is fanqie 賢結 [xié]. Sanskrit for a śrāvaka, formerly called Lípótō 離波多 [Revata], which was an erroneous abbreviation).

24.60

Wūbōtuóyē 鄔波拕耶 (Tuó 拕 is pronounced tuó 駄. A Sanskrit term [upādhyāya]; here translated as 'personal preceptor'. Saying héshang 和上 [upādhyāya] is Central Asian phrasing that is not translated clearly).

24.61

Sūtra on the Chapter of Practice of the Bodhisattva Vajracūḍāmaṇi

24.62

Compiled by Huilin

24.63

Cúnjù 蹲踞 (The upper character is fanqie 殂論 [cún]. The lower character is fanqie 居御 [jù]. The Kaosheng says: 'sitting with bent knees is cún 蹲; sitting with extended legs is jù 踞'. The Shuowen jiezi defines them reciprocally: 'cún means jù, and jù means cún'; both have radical zú 足, and zūn 尊 and jū 居 are also phonetic).

24.64

Wányín 頑嚚 (The upper character is fanqie 瓦開 [wǎi]. The lower character is fanqie 魚斤 [yín]. The Guangya says wán 頑 means 'blunt'. The Kaosheng says 'stupid'. The Zuo zhuan says: 'A heart that does not follow the norms of virtue and righteousness is wán; a mouth that speaks no words of loyalty and trustworthiness is yín.' The Cangjie pian says yín means 'wicked'. The Shuowen jiezi says wán has radical yè 頁 and yuán 元 phonetic; yín has radical jǐ 㗊 and chén 臣 phonetic. Yè is pronounced xié 頡; jǐ 㗊 is fanqie 㽵立 [zhī]').

24.65

Níjiànzǐ 尼揵子 (Jiàn 揵 is pronounced gān 乾. Sanskrit for the name of a non-Buddhist ascetic [Nirgrantha]).

24.66

Fènwèi 𭫮穢 (The upper character is fanqie 分問 [fèn]. Gu Yewang says: 'Whatever is unclean, soiled, and filthy is called fèn 糞 [dung]'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'to discard and remove; using hands (廾) to push away a dustpan to discard rice; the palace tradition explains that it resembles rice but is not rice, having the character shǐ 矢 [excrement]'. Huā 華 means a winnowing basket or scoop, the implement used to discard dung, which is a pictograph. Shǐ 矢 is pronounced shǐ 始, being the ancient character for shǐ 屎. Tuī 推 is fanqie 退雷 [tuī]. Shǐ 屎 is also pronounced shǐ 始; it is also written 糞. In the sūtra it is written with radical tǔ 土 and yì 異 as 𡐢, which does not form a proper character).

24.67

Bàizǐ 稗子 (Bài 稗 is pronounced bài 敗. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'A weed resembling grain'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'weeds not yet distinguished; with radical hé 禾 and bēi 卑 phonetic').

24.68

Huòjiǎo 鑊腳 (The upper character is fanqie 黃郭 [huò]. The Zishu says: 'a vessel for boiling meat'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'to engrave; with radical jīn 金 and huò 蒦 phonetic; juān 鐫 is fanqie 慧圭 [huì], and huò 蒦 is fanqie 烏號 [ào]'. The lower character is the standard form of jiǎo 脚).

24.69

Niánjīn yú 鮎𪫣魚 (The upper character is fanqie 念兼 [nián]).

24.70

Māolí 貓貍 (Māo 貓 is the transmitted pronunciation; the correct pronunciation is miáo 苗. Gu Yewang says: 'Resembling a tiger but small, kept in households to catch mice; sometimes written with radical quǎn 犬 as 猫, which is a vulgar character'. The lower character is fanqie 里知 [lí]. Gu Yewang says: 'Also resembling a tiger but small, a wild beast belonging to the cat family, popularly called a wildcat; fond of stealing and eating household chickens'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'an ominous beast resembling a chū 貙; with radical zhì 豸 and lǐ 里 phonetic; zhì 豸 is pronounced zhì 雉, and chū 貙 is fanqie 丑于 [chū]').

24.71

Pímiàn 羆面 (Pí 羆 is fanqie 鄙宜 [pí]. The Erya says: 'The pí 羆 resembles a bear, but is yellowish-white'. Guo Pu's commentary says: 'Long-legged, fierce, foolish, and very strong, able to uproot trees; west of the Pass it is called jiāxióng 猳熊 [boar bear]'. The Shuowen jiezi agrees; with radical xióng 熊 and an abbreviated phonetic bà 罷).

24.72

Chīmiàn 螭面 (Chī 螭 is fanqie 勅知 [chī]. The Guangya says: 'A dragon without horns is called a chī 螭'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Resembling a dragon and yellow; in the north it is called a dìlóu 地螻; with radical chóng 虫 and lí 离 phonetic; lóu 螻 is fanqie 勒溝 [lóu]').

24.73

Cǎndú kǔ 慘𡹆苦 (The upper character is fanqie 楚銘 [chǐ] or 倉感 [cǎn]. The Fangyan says: 'cǎn 慘 means to kill'. The Kaosheng says: 'extreme'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'cǎn means dú 𡹆; with radical xīn 心 and cān 參 phonetic'. The lower character is fanqie 同鹿 [dú]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'dú 𡹆 means harm'. The Kaosheng says: 'painful, resentful, evil'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A weed harmful to humans; with radical zhōng 中 and dú 毒; in the sūtra it is written as dú 毒, which is an erroneous abbreviation; mǔ 坶 is fanqie 哀改 [ǎi], with radical tǔ 土 and wún 毋; mǔ 母 is pronounced wú 無').

24.74

Bānbó 斒駁 (The first character is fanqie 八蠻 [bān]. The Kaosheng says: 'variegated patterns'. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: 'mixed colors form bān 斒'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'mottled patterns; with radical wén 文 and biān 扁 phonetic; the sūtra text has 斑'. For auspicious jade, bān is fanqie 平免 [biǎn]. The lower character is fanqie 邦邈 [bó]. The Hanshu says: 'A mixture of white and black is called bó 駁'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A horse whose color is not pure; with radical mǎ 馬 and yáo 爻 phonetic'. In the sūtra text, it is written with jiāo 交 as 駮, the name of a beast; it does not have this meaning, and the vulgar use is an error).

24.75

Yǎnjiǎn 偃蹇 (The upper character is fanqie 焉㦥 [yǎn]. The lower character is fanqie 居偃 [jiǎn]. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'yǎnjiǎn 偃蹇 means arrogant'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'yǎn 偃 means lying stiffly on the back; with radical rén 人 and yǎn 匽 phonetic. Jiǎn 蹇 has radical zú 足 and the abbreviated phonetic jiǎn 謇; yǎn 匽 has the same sound as above').

24.76

Qúyù 鸜鵒 (The upper character is fanqie 具于 [jù]. The lower character is pronounced yù 欲. The name of a bird [the crested myna]; it resembles a mockingbird but has two white wings. The Shuowen jiezi says it has radical niǎo 鳥, with qú 瞿 and gǔ 谷 both as phonetic).

24.77

Jùjié 鋸截 (Jù 鋸 is fanqie 居御 [jù]. Jia Kui says: 'To cut and sever something with a saw'. The Huainanzi says: 'Unless one is a skilled artisan, one cannot work wood with it'. The Cangjie pian says: 'A saw that cuts things'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'qiāngtáng 槍唐; with radical jīn 金 and jū 居 phonetic').

24.78

Luánbì 𤼙躄 (The upper character is fanqie 劣圓 [luán]. Gu Yewang says: 'An illness; the body is bent and the limbs are contracted'. The Gujin zhengzi agrees; with radical nì 疒 and luán [烈-列+(ㄠ*言*ㄠ)] phonetic; it is also written luán 攣. The lower character is fanqie 并弈 [bì]. Gu Yewang says: 'bì 躄 refers to one foot being atrophied and unable to walk'. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 𣦢 with the same meaning; with radical zhǐ 止 and pì 辟 phonetic).

24.79

Chapter on Cultivating Benevolence of the Great and Expansive Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra (one fascicle)

24.80

Compiled by Huilin

24.81

Chíwù 馳騖 (The lower character is fanqie 無付 [wù]. Guo Pu's commentary on the Mu tianzi zhuan says: 'wù 騖 means a horse running swiftly'. The Guangya says: 'wù means galloping'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'running horses in disarray; with radical mǎ 馬 and wù 敄 phonetic; wù 敄 is pronounced wǔ 武').

24.82

Fēnfù 芬馥 (The upper character is fanqie 芳文 [fēn]. The lower character is fanqie 馮福 [fù]. The Han-school commentary on the Classic of Poetry says it is the appearance of fragrant aroma. The Gujin zhengzi says it has radical xiāng 香 and fù 复 phonetic).

24.83

Hàndàn 菡𧂄 (The upper character is fanqie 含紺 [hàn]. The lower character is fanqie 談濫 [dàn]. The Erya says: 'Hàndàn 菡𧂄 refers to the open lotus flower'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'When the flower has not yet opened, it is called fúróng 芙蓉; when it has already opened, it is called hàndàn 菡𧂄. Both characters have radical cǎo 草, and hán 函 and yán 閻 are both phonetic'. In sūtra texts, it is mostly written as 菡萏, which is incorrect and misses the mark by far).

24.84

Huǎngyào 晃曜 (The upper character is fanqie 黃廣 [huǎng]. The Guangya says huǎng 晃 means radiance, light; sometimes written 晄, identical to the above. The Shuowen jiezi says huǎng means bright; with radical rì 日 and guāng 光 phonetic. The lower character is fanqie 遙照 [yào]. The Guangya says 'to shine'. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 燿, also meaning bright; with radical huǒ 火 and an abbreviated phonetic dí 翟. In sūtras it is written with radical rì 日 as 曜, which is also acceptable).

24.85

Fēnyūn 𣱦氳 (The upper character is fanqie 夫聞 [fēn]. The lower character is fanqie 威雲 [yūn]. The Wenzi jilüe says: 'Appearance of fragrant aroma'. The Zitong says: 'The harmonized breath of yin and yang'. The upper is semantic and the lower phonetic).

24.86

Xuànyì 眩瞖 (The upper character is fanqie 玄絹 [xuàn]. The Cangjie pian says: 'unclear vision'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'the eyes lacking a fixed focus; with radical mù 目 and xuán 玄 phonetic'. The lower character is fanqie 伊計 [yì]. The Kaosheng says: 'a cataract of the eye'. The Yunying says: 'to obscure'. The Guangya says: 'to obstruct'. It is a phono-semantic character with radical mù 目. In the sūtra text, it is written with radical yǔ 羽 as 翳, which is not the primary character and departs from its meaning).

24.87

Sūtra on Adorning the Bodhicitta (one fascicle)

24.88

Compiled by Huilin

24.89

Wěiyè 煒[焊-干+(共-八+(傘-(企-止)))] (The upper character is fanqie 韋鬼 [wěi]. The Mao-school commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: 'wěi 煒 is the appearance of bright red'. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'wěi means brilliant red; with radical huǒ 火 and wéi 違 phonetic'. The lower character is fanqie 央業 [yè]. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as yè 燁, also meaning brilliant; with radical huǒ 火 and [日/((傘-(企-止))-┬+ㄎ)] phonetic. The Classic of Poetry says: 'Flashes of lightning flare brightly'. In the sūtra text, it is written with huā 華 as [膜-旲+((傘-(企-止))-┬+干)], a clerical script character; [日/((傘-(企-止))-┬+ㄎ)] has the same pronunciation as above).

24.90

Xīxì 嬉戲 (The upper character is fanqie 喜其 [xī]; also pronounced xǐ 喜. The Cangjie pian says: 'xī 嬉 also means to play and laugh'. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'to delight; with radical nǚ 女 and xǐ 喜 phonetic'. The lower character is fanqie 希寄 [xì]. The Kaosheng says: 'xì 戲 means to jest, to please'. Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'to play playfully'. The Shuowen jiezi says it has radical gē 戈 and xī 䖒 phonetic. In the sūtra text, it is written with xū 虛 as 戱, which is a vulgar character; xī 䖒 is pronounced xī 希).

24.91

嬾憜 (The first character has the fanqie 蘭偘 [l- + -ǎn = lǎn]. The Kaosheng says: '嬾 means not diligent.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Remiss and lazy; it takes female [as semantic classifier] and 賴 as phonetic.' In the sūtra texts it is also written with heart [classifier] as 懶, which is acceptable. The second character has the fanqie 徒臥 [d- + -uò = duò]. The Guangya says: '憜 also means lazy.' Kong's commentary on the Shangshu also says: 'Remiss and lazy.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Disrespectful; it takes heart [classifier] and 隋 as phonetic.' 隋 has the pronunciation 隨 [suí]).

24.92

奮迅 (The first character has the fanqie 分問 [f- + -èn = fèn]. The Guangya says: '奮 means to shake or flap.' Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: 'To stir or move.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To flap the wings; it takes 奞 above 田.' Writing it with 臼 in the sūtra text as 奮 is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie 荀俊 [x- + -ùn = xùn]. The Guangya says: '奮迅 means shaking the feathers [or wings].' The Erya says: '迅 means swift.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 辵 and 卂.' 卂 has the pronunciation 信 [xìn]; 辵 has the fanqie 丑略 [ch- + -üè = chè]; 奞 has the sound 雖 [suī]; 翬 has the sound 暉 [huī]).

24.93

Dafangguang puxian pusa suoshuo jing, one fascicle

24.94

Compiled by Huilin

24.95

雙腨 (The first character has the fanqie 疎窓 [sh- + -uāng = shuāng]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The character 雙 consists of two 隹, where 隹 means bird, and takes 又, where 又 is the ancient form of the character 手.' Writing it with 反 as 雙 is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie 船耎 [sh- + -uǎn = shuǎn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The calf of the leg [when] squatting; it takes 月 [flesh] and 端 as phonetic.' It is also written as 踹 or 膞. In the sūtra text it is written with 專 under 足 as [跳-兆+專], which is also acceptable).

24.96

雙膝 (The second character has the fanqie 新逸 [x- + -ì = xī]. In the Shuowen jiezi it is properly written as [桼*力], meaning the joint at the top of the shin; it takes 卪 and has 桼 as phonetic. 卪 has the pronunciation 節 [jié]. In present sūtra texts it is written with flesh [classifier] as 膝, which is also a commonly used character. 桼 has the pronunciation 七 [qī]).

24.97

䐡中 (The first character has the pronunciation 齊 [qí]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The navel of the belly.' Below, it takes flesh [classifier] and 齊 as phonetic).

24.98

Dafangguang pusa shidi jing, one fascicle

24.99

Compiled by Huilin

24.100

薩埵 (The second character has the fanqie 都果 [d- + -uǒ = duǒ]. Sanskrit language; in the Tang language it means sentient being [sattva]).

24.101

跋陀婆羅 (Sanskrit language; in the Tang language it means Bhadrapāla ['Worthy Protector']. He is one of the thousand Buddhas in this present Auspicious Kalpa [Bhadrakalpa]).

24.102

瞻蔔 (The first character has the fanqie 之廉 [zh- + -iān = zhān]. The second character has the fanqie 蒲黑 [p- + -è = bo]. Sanskrit language; a flower of the Western Regions, mostly [found where water is] limpid and still [campaka]).

24.103

嘉瑞 (The first character has the sound 加 [jiā]. The second character has the fanqie 垂謂 [ch- + -uì = shuì]. Gu Yewang says: 'The awe-inspiring virtue of a king moves Heaven and Earth, so Heaven and Earth respond to him with trusted auspicious omens.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Taking jade as an emblem of trust; it takes jade and 端 as phonetic.' 端 has the sound 端 [duān]).

24.104

峻險 (The first character has the fanqie 荀俊 [x- + -ùn = xùn]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: '峻 means lofty and vast.' The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 陖, meaning steep and lofty; it takes 阜 and 夋 as phonetic. It is also written as 埈 or 𡺲. The second character has the fanqie 希撿 [x- + -iǎn = xiǎn]. Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: '險 means perilous.' The Fangyan says: 'High.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Obstructed and arduous; it takes 𠂤 and 僉 as phonetic.' 僉 has the fanqie 妾廉 [qi- + -iān = qiān]).

24.105

Zhu pusa qiu fo benye jing, one fascicle

24.106

Compiled by Huilin

24.107

盡澌 (The second character has the fanqie 斯漬 [s- + -ì = sì]. The Fangyan says: '澌 also means exhausted.' The sūtra text originally had 賜, meaning things are completely exhausted. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Water; it takes water and 斯 as phonetic').

24.108

𩟱𨘤 (The first character has the fanqie 逵貴 [k- + -uì = kuì]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: '饋 means to present, which is offering goods to an elder.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To provision with food; it takes food and 貴 as phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 惟季 [w- + -ì = wèi]. Gu Yewang says: '遺 is like presenting a gift.' The Guangya says: 'To give.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 辵 and 䝿 as phonetic').

24.109

因坁 (The second character has the fanqie 丁奚 [d- + -ī = dī]. A name for Indra (Ti-shi). Or it is said to be 因提 (Yinti), which has the same meaning; it is merely an issue of light or heavy Sanskrit pronunciation).

24.110

Pusa benye jing, one fascicle

24.111

Compiled by Xuanying

24.112

不僑 (The second character has the fanqie 奇驕 [q- + -iāo = qiáo]. In the sūtras it is mostly written as 不驕樂天 [Nirmāṇarati heaven]).

24.113

見邸 (The second character has the fanqie 丁禮 [d- + -ǐ = dǐ]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'An inn or residence in a tributary state.' The Cangjie pian says: '邸 means an inn or lodge.' It is also a general term).

24.114

Dafangguang fo huayan jing sishier zi guanmen jing

24.115

Compiled by Huilin

24.117

The above forty-two characters merely represent the sounds of Sanskrit syllables and are not suitable for semantic glossing. Their general meaning is identical to the forty-two syllables in the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra above.

24.118

Pusa shizhu xingdao jing, one fascicle

24.119

Compiled by Huilin

24.120

長短 (The second character has the fanqie 端卵 [d- + -uǎn = duǎn]. The Cangjie pian says: '短 means brief or short.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Where there is brevity or length, an arrow is taken as the standard of measure; it takes 矢 and 豆 as phonetic.' The Wenzi jilüe records that it is sometimes written with hand [classifier] as 梪, which is identical with the sūtra text, or with 寸 as 𭔰, which is a vulgar form).

24.121

柔耎 (The second character has the fanqie 而兗 [ér + yǎn = ruǎn]. Its gloss and meaning have already been fully explained in the Dafangguang fo huayan jing buyisiyi fo jingjie jing. The sūtra text written with water [classifier] as 濡 with the pronunciation 儒 [rú] is incorrect).

24.122

閈傷 (The first character has the fanqie 寒但 [h- + -àn = hàn]. Xue Cong says: '閈 is like separation or obstruction.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It takes 門 and 干 as phonetic.' The sūtra text says: 'To benefit people of the ten directions who are separated and suffering (閈傷).' Thus this text is extremely vulgar and clumsy; in terms of translation, the two characters 閈傷 are indeed unrefined).

24.123

索了無所有 (The first character has the fanqie 桑落 [s- + -uò = suǒ]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: '索 means exhausted.' Gu Yewang states that it means drained and exhausted. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: '索 is like dispersed.' The sūtra says: 'From where did the dharmas and thoughts of past Buddhas arise? Search them out and completely nothing exists; reaching the ultimate, neither existent nor non-existent, all are empty and entirely nothing exists').

24.124

Pusa shizhu jing, one fascicle

24.125

Compiled by Xuanying

24.126

邊幅 (The second character has the sound 福 [fú]. When the sūtra mentions 邊幅, it refers to the meaning of middle and edge; the ancients' language was plain and simple).

24.127

Xian wubian fotu gongde jing, one fascicle (No characters to gloss)

24.128

Foshuo dousha jing, one fascicle

24.129

Compiled by Xuanying

24.130

兜沙 (The first character has the fanqie 斗侯 [d- + -óu = dǒu]. Sanskrit language [toṣa / tuṣita]; anciently translated as 'karmic activity' or 'courses of action').

24.131

稍稍 (The fanqie is 霜絞 [sh- + -iǎo = shǎo]. The Yunquan says: '稍稍 is like a little; it also means gradually.' The character dictionaries also say: 'Repeatedly'; or it is read in the departing tone).

24.132

𢜪那 (The second character has the fanqie 而者 [ér + zhě = rě]. Corrupt Sanskrit; the correct Sanskrit pronunciation is jñāna).

24.133

儨提捨洹那 (The first character has the sound 質 [zhì]. The name of a Buddha-land above).

24.134

俱譚滑提 (The second character has the fanqie 徒南 [d- + -án = tán]. The name of a Buddha. The sūtra text writes it as 譚, which is an error).

24.135

𱝆天 (The first character has the fanqie 烏合 [w- + -è = è]. This means 'Deity of Luminous Life' [Ābhāsvara/Parīttābha], which is the first heaven in the Second Dhyāna).

24.136

須𢅊天 (The second character has the sound 帝 [dì]. In the sūtra it is glossed by itself as 武 [wǔ], which is incorrect. Some write it as 䠠, which is also sounded 帝, taking 帶 and 足).

24.137

軷陀 (The first character has the fanqie 蒲達 [p- + -á = bá]. Here translated as 'Worthy' [Bhadra] or 'Good'; he is a lay bodhisattva of Rājagṛha).

24.138

Jianbei jing

24.139

Fascicle One

24.140

Compiled by Xuanying

24.141

慺慺 (The fanqie is 力俱 [l- + -ū = lǘ]. The character dictionaries say: '慺慺 is the appearance of diligence and reverence').

24.142

屋宇 (The ancient form is 㝢, and the seal script form is 𢉠, both with the fanqie 于甫 [y- + -ǔ = yǔ]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '宇 means the eaves of a house.' The Shiming says: '宇 means feather (羽), like a bird's feathers covering and sheltering itself.' The Zuozhuan says: 'Lost its 宇.' The commentary states: 'Regarding a state, the four overhangs are the 宇. 宇 also refers to the eaves of a house, or a dwelling').

24.143

眇眇 (The fanqie is 綿褾 [m- + -iǎo = miǎo]. 眇眇 is the appearance of gazing into the distance; it also means deep and vast. The sūtra text writes it as 玅, which is not the meaning of the sūtra).

24.144

篡逆 (The first character has the fanqie 蒭患 [ch- + -uàn = cuàn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To seize rebelliously is called 篡; the character takes 厶 (pronounced 私 [sī]) and 算 as phonetic.' 算 has the fanqie 桑管 [s- + -uǎn = suǎn]. The Cangjie pian says: 'Acting for oneself is 厶. In the act of assassinating a sovereign, the principle brooks no outside rumor; hence the character takes 厶').

24.145

Fascicle Four

24.146

惶[怡-台+(前-刖+(└@人))] (Also written as 𰂚, both with the fanqie 莫荒[m- + -uāng = máng], meaning flurried and hurried. A blind or working person toils day and night; without the sun they use the moon, and without the moon they use fire, always longing for light (明), so the character takes 明. Alternatively, a farmer working in the fields longs for daybreak, so the character takes 明).

24.147

婉孌 (The second character has the fanqie 力絹 [l- + -uàn = luàn]. Mao's Commentary on the Shijing says: '婉孌 is the appearance of graceful beauty; it also means youthful appearance').

24.148

Fascicle Five

24.149

勤懿 (The second character has the fanqie 依利 [y- + -ì = yì]).

24.150

Shizhu jing

24.151

Fascicle One

24.152

Compiled by Xuanying.

24.153

Lóngjiàn 櫳檻 (cage / pen; upper character is [l + d]óng / lóng fanqie; lower character is [h + w]ǎn / huǎn fanqie; Guangya states: 'Lóng means prison; it also means railing or cage.' Juān [pen] is pronounced [q + y]uǎn / qúyuǎn fanqie).

24.154

Dengmu pusa suowen jing (Sūtra of the Questions of Samacakṣus Bodhisattva)

24.155

Upper Fascicle

24.156

Compiled by Xuanying.

24.157

Bǐngchè 昺徹 (bright and penetrating; the ancient script has the two variants 昺 and 芮; now written as 炳; pronounced [b + m]ǐng / bìng fanqie; Guangya states: 'Bǐng means bright; chè means penetrating.' Sancang states: 'Bǐng means clearly manifest').

24.158

Táoxiàn 陶現 (transformed and manifest; [t + g]āo / táo fanqie; the Shijing says: 'The High God transforms them'; the commentary says: 'Táo means to transform').

24.159

Qùzàng 去藏 (storehouse / treasury; [c + l]àng / cáng fanqie; Zheng [Xuan's] commentary to the Zhouli states: 'Zàng means to hoard and accumulate, like a storehouse.' The sūtra text writes 藏, which is not the proper character).

24.160

Dūzhù 督住 (overseeing and maintaining; also written 督; pronounced [d + m]ù / dū fanqie; Erya states: 'Dū means to rectify.' Fangyan states: 'Dū means to inspect; it also means to manage').

24.161

Wèirán 懀然 (hateful; [w + w]ài / wèi fanqie).

24.162

Zhuǎnhuò 轉霍 (turning swiftly; [h + g]uò / huò fanqie; examining [this], huò conveys the appearance of swiftness and haste; huòrán and hūhuò are both like this; the sūtra text takes the fire radical and writes 㸌, [h + w]ò / huò fanqie; the Shuowen jiezi states: '㸌 means brilliant and burning,' which is not used here).

24.163

Ér [xiàng-kuài] 而[相*夬] (this character has long been used in error and no one corrects it; examining the underlying sense now, it should properly be written as the two characters gòngxiāng 共相 [together / mutually], which fits the sūtra smoothly).

24.164

Qīngtiāo 輕佻 (frivolous and erratic; [t + l]iáo / tiāo fanqie; the Zishu states: 'Tiāo means frivolous.' Guangya states: 'Tiāo means unrestrained.' Erya states: 'Tiāo means negligent'; the commentary says: 'It refers to being heedless and perfunctory.' The sūtra text takes the hand radical and writes 挑, as in tiāojué [to pick out], which is not the proper form).

24.165

Lower Fascicle

24.166

Qíngyīn 晴陰 (clear and overcast; also written in the two variants 腥 and 殅; pronounced [z + y]íng / qíng fanqie; qíng refers to the absence of rain; the Shenglei states: 'When rain stops, it is called qíng').

24.167

Sìhé 四河 (the four rivers: the first is named He [Gaṅgā], the second is named Baxa [Vakṣu], the third is named Shezhu [Sītā], and the fourth is named Heng [Sindhu]; the He flows [east], the Baxa flows south, the Shezhu flows east, and the Heng River flows west).

24.168

Kūnhuáng 焜煌 (resplendent and blazing; [h + b]ěn / hùn fanqie; lower character is [h + g]uāng / huáng fanqie; Fangyan states: 'Kūnhuáng is the appearance of fullness and brilliance.' The Cangjie pian states: 'Huáng means radiant light').

24.169

Qīnghóng [生/(丹-、+│)]紅 (azure and red; [q + j]īng / qīng fanqie; the color of the east; Wood generates Fire, and the color of Fire is vermilion (dān), hence it is composed of 'life' (shēng) and 'vermilion' (dān); the nature of cinnabar and life is necessarily so; the sūtra text writes [卄/生/(月-二+┴)], the [卄/生/(月-二+┴)] of flowers, which is incorrect; [卄/生/(月-二+┴)] is pronounced [z + y]íng / jīng fanqie; the Sancang says that the flower of the Chinese chive is called [卄/生/(月-二+┴)]).

24.170

Rulai xingxian jing (Tathāgatotpattisaṃbhava-nirdeśa-sūtra)

24.171

Fascicle Two

24.172

Compiled by Xuanying.

24.173

Qiūdié 丘垤 (anthill mound; [t + j]ié / dié fanqie; Fangyan states: 'South of Ying in Chu, mounds made by ants are called dié'; Yǐng is pronounced [y + j]ǐng / yǐng fanqie).

24.174

Míngyōu 鳴呦 (bleating and crying; [y + zh]ōu / yōu fanqie; the Shijing says: 'Yōu yōu bleat the deer,' which is this; the sūtra text writes [彰-章+唬], which is incorrect).

24.175

Fascicle Three

24.176

Mǎnghàng 𣾘沆 (vast expanse of water; [m + l]ǎng / mǎng fanqie; lower character is [h + l]ǎng / hàng fanqie; Tongsu wen states: 'Vast and expansive water is called mǎnghàng').

24.177

Huìlù 賄賂 (bribery; [l + g]ù / lù fanqie; lù means to bestow gifts, referring to offering goods when requesting an audience).

24.178

Qiānzhù 騫翥 (soaring and flying; [q + y]án / qiān fanqie; lower character is [zh + sh]ù / zhù fanqie; Shuowen jiezi states: 'Qiānzhù means soaring and ascending in flight').

24.179

Tāochū 掏出 (taking out / drawing out; [t + l]áo / tāo fanqie; Tongsu wen states: 'To bring out a coffin is called tāo'; [按-女+(口/口)] is pronounced [w + h]uó / wò fanqie).

24.180

Dushi jing (Lokānuvartana-sūtra)

24.181

Fascicle Three

24.182

Compiled by Xuanying.

24.183

Zǒngmiè 㨑搣 (grasping and destroying; [z + g]ōng / zǒng fanqie; lower character is pronounced miè; grabbing the head is called zǒng; eliminating and destroying is called miè; the sūtra text writes 總, which is incorrect).

24.184

Tuòjiàn 唾濺 (spitting and spattering; also written in the two variants 灒 and 𠵖; pronounced [z + d]àn / jiàn fanqie; Shuowen jiezi states: 'To bespatter and sprinkle with water is called jiàn').

24.185

Fascicle Four

24.186

Cānjià 驂駕 (hitching outside horses; [c + c]ān / cān fanqie; Shuowen jiezi states: 'Harnessing a team of horses; the flanking horses are called cān; the one on the right is the cān, providing for emergencies for the rider.' The sūtra text writes 參, which is not the proper character).

24.187

Xiángxiáng 鴹鴹 (gliding smoothly; according to the Hanshu's 'Treatise on Food and Money', this is also the character xiáng [翔], pronounced the same as [s + y]áng / xiáng fanqie; soaring without flapping is called xiáng, meaning leisurely and hovering; the sūtra text takes the leather radical and writes 䳬, which is incorrect).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese