一切經音義 66

English (machine translation) 66

Language: English

Pronunciation of:
Abhidharma-aṣṭagrantha-śāstra, 30 fascicles (Xuanying);
Jñānaprasthāna-śāstra, 20 fascicles (Huilin);
Dharmaskandha-śāstra, 12 fascicles (Huilin);
Saṅgītiparyāya-śāstra, 20 fascicles (first case of 10 fascicles by Huilin; the upper fascicles of the second case are included in a later fascicle).
The pronunciations for the above four treatises in 82 fascicles are collected in this fascicle.

66.3

Abhidharma-aṣṭagrantha-śāstra, Fascicle 1

66.4

Compiled by the monk Xuanying

66.5

Varga (𧿡渠, also called fojia [伐伽]; translated here as "division" [部], which is also an alternative name for chapter [品]).

66.6

Śloka (首盧, also called shilujia [室路迦] or shulujia [輸盧迦]; in India when counting scriptures, thirty-two syllables make one śloka; it is also called a gāthā, which is a single verse).

66.7

Fascicle 2 (not glossed previously)

66.8

Fascicle 3

66.9

Gluttonous (貪餮, tan-tie; also written as 飻, the same; ta + jie [fanqie]; the Shuowen says: "Can [餐] means gluttony for food." In the treatise text it is sometimes written as 饕, pronounced ta + lao [fanqie]; Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "Greed for wealth is called tao; greed for food is called tie").

66.10

Fascicle 4, Fascicle 5, Fascicle 6 through Fascicle 16 (all not glossed previously)

66.11

Fascicle 17

66.12

Door bolt (戶𨷲, hu-yue; in ancient script written as 鑰, the same; yu + zhuo [fanqie]; the Fangyan states: "East of the Pass it is called a jian [鍵]; west of the Pass it is called a yue [𨷲]").

66.13

Needle tube (鍼筒, zhen-tong; in ancient script written in the two forms 箴 and 針; now written as 鍼, the same; zhi + chen [fanqie]; the Shuowen says: "That which is used to sew clothes").

66.14

Castrated ram shape (羠形; the pronunciation of 羠 is yi; the Shenglei says: "A castrated sheep." Xu Guang says: "A jieyi is a fierce and vigorous ram." The pronunciation of 騬 is shi + ling [fanqie]).

66.15

Yak shape (犛牛形; mao + bao [fanqie]; the long-haired cattle of the southwestern barbarians; in the treatise text it is written as 猫, which is an error).

66.16

Fascicle 18 down to Fascicle 27, 10 fascicles in total (all not glossed previously)

66.17

Fascicle 28

66.18

Without decline (无替, wu-ti; ta + ji [fanqie]; the Erya says: "Ti means to discard; ti means to extinguish," meaning to obliterate it. The Shuowen writes it as 暜: "Two people standing side by side with one lower on one side is called ti").

66.19

Fascicle 29

66.20

Fond of folly (樂戇, le-zhuang; du + jiang and hu + gong [fanqie]; the Zilin says: "Folly; it refers to gluttonously relishing worldly sensory flavors, craving and clinging without satisfaction, like a camel eating honey amid suffering." In the new sūtras and treatises, it is translated as indulging/craving [dan-shi]).

66.21

Fascicle 30

66.22

Not pregnant (不孕, bu-yun; in ancient script written as 𣎜, the same; yu + zheng [fanqie]; the Shuowen says: "Conceiving a child." The Guangya says: "Yun means pregnant; containing fruit is called yun").

66.23

Bald red-and-white-bellied horse (禿騵, tu-yuan; pronounced yuan; the Sancang says: "A red horse with a white belly is called a yuan").

66.24

Three Lotus Roots (三蕅, san-ou; also written in the two forms 𦸲 and [萩-火+禺], the same; wu + kou [fanqie]; the name of a spring; according to the character, it refers to the root of the lotus).

66.25

Weilu abyss (𣵽焦, wei-lu; wu + mu; checking Guo Pu's commentary on the 'River Rhapsody', it says: "The great abyss is beyond the Eastern Sea; the Weilu is where the source waters drained by the sea flow into." Here it is taken in the sense of being endless and limitless).

66.26

Abhidharma-jñānaprasthāna-śāstra, Fascicle 1

66.27

Compiled by the monk Huilin

66.28

Warming the body (煗身; the upper character is nu + guan [fanqie]; the Guangya says: "Nuan means warm." The Erya says: "It means warm." The Shuowen writes it as 煖, with the fire radical and the phonetic yuan; it is also written as 㬉; nowadays it is commonly written as 暖. In the treatise it is written as 𤏙, pronounced er + zhu [fanqie], which is incorrect).

66.29

Smoke and flame (煙燄; the upper character is yan + xian [fanqie]; in character dictionaries it correctly takes the radical 垔 as 煙; in the treatise text it takes 因 as 烟, which is a vulgar variant. The Cangjie pian says: "Yan means dense vapor." The Guangya says: "It means odor." The Guoyu says: "The burning smoke reached above." The Shuowen says: "The vapor of fire; with the fire radical and the phonetic 垔." The pronunciation of 熅 is wen + yun [fanqie]; 垔 is yi + ren [fanqie]. The lower character is yan + qian [fanqie]; checking character dictionaries, it correctly takes the radical 炎 as 燄; in the treatise text it is written as 焰, which is a vulgar variant. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "Like a burning flame when it is still faint, where it reaches." Dictionaries say: "Yan means fire flame." The Shuowen says: "Fire moving in a faint flame; with the radical 炎 and the phonetic 臽." The pronunciation of 臽 is xian [𨺂]).

66.30

Kalala (羯剌藍, jie-la-lan; the upper character is jian + guo [fanqie], the middle character is lan + da [fanqie], and the lower character is lan + gan [fanqie]; a Sanskrit word; a name for the initial semen and blood upon conception).

66.31

Arbuda (頞部曇, e-bu-tan; the upper character is an + ge [fanqie]; also a Sanskrit word; referring to the gradual transformation of the above embryonic stage).

66.32

Peśī and ghana (閉尸鍵南; the pronunciation of 鍵 is qi + yan [fanqie]; also Sanskrit).

66.33

Airāvaṇa (哀羅伐拏, ai-luo-fa-na; the lower character is nuo + jia [fanqie]; in Sanskrit, the name of a nāga king).

66.34

Fascicle 2

66.35

Nimble and agile (輕捷; the lower character is qian + ye [fanqie]; the Kaosheng says: "Jie means agile and swift." The Shi commentary says: "Jie means victorious." Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "To overcome;" and also says: "To achieve." The Shuowen says: "To seize; what an army captures; with the hand radical and the phonetic 疌." The pronunciation of 擸 is lan + za [fanqie]; 疌 has the same sound as above).

66.36

Sawing apart (鋸解; the upper character is ju + yu [fanqie]; the Huainanzi says: "Even a skilled craftsman cannot shape wood without cutting it with a saw." The Guoyu says: "For punishment, knives and saws are used." The Shuowen says: "To pierce; with the metal radical and the phonetic 居." The lower character is jie + xie [fanqie]; Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "Jie means to shave down." Guo Pu's commentary on the Fangyan says: "To take off." The Guangya says: "To disperse." The Shuowen says: "To cleave; with the knife radical cleaving an ox's horn").

66.37

Flippant and restless (輕躁; the lower character is zao + sao [fanqie]; the pronunciation of 喿 is sao + dao [fanqie]; Gu Yewang says: "Zao is like moving." Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "Disturbed." Zheng's commentary on the Lunyu says: "Not peaceful or calm." The Gujin zhengzi has the foot radical and the phonetic 喿).

66.38

Scorched and burning (焦灼; the upper character is jiao + yao [fanqie]; the Guangya says: "Jiao means black." Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "Smoke amid fire;" and also says: "The smell of fire." The Shuowen says: "That which is burned by fire." Ancient script wrote it as 𤓪; now abbreviated as 焦. In the treatise it is written as 燋, which is incorrect. The lower character is zhang + ruo [fanqie]; the Kaosheng says: "Zhuo means to burn." The Fangyan says: "To startle." The Cangjie pian says: "To burst with heat." The Wenzidian shuo says: "To broil; scorching a tortoise shell; with the fire radical and the phonetic 勺." The pronunciation of 爆 is bao + mao [fanqie]).

66.39

Dazed and blurry (𧄼瞢; the upper character is teng + deng [fanqie], the lower character is mo + peng [fanqie], both being falling-tone characters; the Kaosheng says: "𧀧𧄼 is the appearance of just rising from sleep." The pronunciation of 𧀧 is leng + deng [fanqie]. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "𧄼瞢 means muddled." The Wenzidian shuo says: "𧄼瞢 means the eyes are unclear; both characters are derived from an abbreviation of 夢, with 登 and 目 respectively as phonetic components").

66.40

Gluttonous (饕餮; the upper character is tao + dao [fanqie], the lower character is tian + die [fanqie]; already explained previously under Fascicle 50 of the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya).

66.41

Tasting and sipping (甞啜; the upper character is shang + zhang [fanqie]; in character dictionaries it is correctly written with 旨 as 甞; in the treatise text it is written with 口 as 𭋌, which is incorrect. The Kaosheng says: "Chang means to savor." Gu Yewang says: "Chang means to taste it in the mouth." The Baihu tong says: "It means tasting the new grains." The Wenzidian shuo says: "The name of the autumn sacrifice; with the radical 旨 and phonetic 尚." The lower character is chuan + lie [fanqie]; in character dictionaries it is written with 欠 as 歠, which is the correct form; in the treatise text it is written with 口 as 啜, which is the vulgar usage. The Guangya says: "Chuo means to eat." The Erya says: "It means to consume." The Wenzidian shuo says: "To taste and eat; with the mouth radical and phonetic 叕." The pronunciation of 叕 is chuai + lie [fanqie]).

66.42

Fascicle Three

66.43

Four yokes (四軶; the lower character [軶] is fanqie 鸎格. The text of the treatise writes 軶, which is a popular form. Zheng's commentary on the Kaogongji says: 'It refers to the wood at the end of the carriage shaft that presses down upon the ox's neck.' The Shuowen says: 'The yoke (軶) is the wood in front of the carriage shafts.' It is composed with 'cart' (車) as semantic and 戹 as phonetic. The sound of 戹 is the same as above).

66.44

Fascicle Four

66.45

Surging torrent (瀑流; the upper character [瀑] is fanqie 袍㡌. The Cangjie pian says: '瀑 means soaked.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'The waters of rivers swelling rapidly.' The Shuowen says: 'Torrential rain.' It is composed with 'water' (水) as semantic and 暴 as phonetic. The sound of 暴 is the same as above).

66.46

Fascicle Five

66.47

Restlessness (掉舉; the upper character [掉] is fanqie 條弔. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: '掉 means to shake.' The Guangya says: 'To brandish.' The Chunqiu zhuan says: 'When the tail is too large, it cannot be wagged (掉).' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'To shake and dust off.' It is composed with 'hand' (手) as semantic and 卓 as phonetic. The sound of 訊 is 信. The lower character 舉 has 'hand' (手) beneath).

66.48

Fascicle Six

66.49

Sloth (惽沈; the upper character [惽] is fanqie 呼昆. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: '惽 means confused.' Zheng's gloss on the Shijing says: 'Youthful muddleheadedness (童惛) means knowing nothing.' The Guangya says: 'Foolish.' The Shuowen says: 'Not clear or understanding.' It is composed with 'mind' (心) as semantic and 昬 as phonetic. The sound of 憭 is 了. The sound of 昬 is the same as above. The lower character 沈 is fanqie 直林).

66.50

Fascicle Seven (No characters to gloss)

66.51

Fascicle Eight

66.52

Obscuring cataracts (塵瞖; the lower character [瞖] is fanqie 伊計. The Kaosheng says: 'A disease of the eye.' Lexicons state: '塵瞖 means a cataract that obstructs the eye.' The Zilin also says: 'An eye disease.' On examination, the character 瞖 means an obstruction of the eye, rendering one unable to see. It is composed with 'eye' (目) as semantic and 殹 as phonetic. The sound of 殹 is the same as above).

66.53

Fascicle Nine, Fascicle Ten (Both have no characters to gloss)

66.54

Abhidharma Jñānaprasthāna-śāstra, Fascicle Eleven

66.55

Impure and turbid (穢濁; the upper character [穢] is fanqie 萎衛. Lexicons state: '穢 means weed-grown.' Gu Yewang says: '穢 means uncleaned; foul.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Overgrown weeds.' It is composed with 'grain' (禾) as semantic and 歲 as phonetic; it is also written 薉. The lower character [濁] is fanqie 撞學. The Cangjie pian says: '濁 means muddy slush.' Gu Yewang says: 'Turbidity (濁) is the designation for lack of cleanness.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Being at times clear and at times turbid.' It is composed with 'water' (水) as semantic and 蜀 as phonetic. The sound of 淖 is 撓).

66.56

Silent and still (𡧯嘿; the upper character [𡧯] is fanqie 情曆; this is the orthodox form. The text of the treatise writes 寂, which is a popular variant. The Fangyan says: '𡧯 means peaceful and quiet.' The Shuowen says: 'Devoid of human voices.' It is composed with 宀 as semantic and 尗 as phonetic. The sound of 宀 is 綿; the sound of 尗 is 叔. The lower character [嘿] is fanqie 儚北; in lexicons this is the orthodox form. The text of the treatise writes 嘿 with 'black' (黑), which is a popular character. The Kaosheng says: '嘿 means not speaking.' The Hanshu says: 'Discontented and taciturn (嘿嘿).' The Wenzidian shuo says: '嘿 means wordless.' It is composed with 'mouth' (口) as semantic and 墨 as phonetic).

66.57

Eggshell (卵㲉; the upper character [卵] is fanqie 鸞短; the lower character [㲉] is fanqie 苦角. Already fully explained above in Fascicle Nineteen of the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya).

66.58

Fascicle Twelve

66.59

Obscured (有覆; the lower character [覆] is fanqie 孚救. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: '覆 is like canopying (葢).' The Liji says: 'Heaven shelters without partiality.' The Shuowen says: 'To overturn (覂).' It is composed with 西 as semantic and 復 as phonetic. The sound of 覂 is fanqie 封奉).

66.60

Thirst for joy (喜渴; the lower character [渴] is fanqie 看遏. Gu Yewang says: '渴 refers to needing a drink.' The Cangjie pian says: 'Dried up.' The Mao Shijing says: 'It is not dried up (渴).' The Shuowen says: 'Depleted.' It is composed with 'water' (水) as semantic and 曷 as phonetic. The sound of 涸 is fanqie 胡各).

66.61

Fascicle Thirteen

66.62

Accumulated firewood (薪積; the upper character [薪] is fanqie 信津. The Kaosheng says: '薪 is chopped wood.' Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: '薪 is firewood.' Moreover, his commentary on the Zhouli says: 'Lumber is called 薪.' The Wenzidian shuo also says: 'Firewood.' It is composed with 'grass' (艸) as semantic and 新 as phonetic. The lower character [積] is fanqie 資賜. The Zhouli says: 'The overseer of provisions manages the stockpiles and accumulations (委積) of the regions.' Zheng's commentary says: 'A smaller amount is called 委; a larger amount is called 積.' The Shuowen says: 'To gather.' It is composed with 'grain' (禾) as semantic and 責 as phonetic. For the treatise to write it with 'grass' as 𧂐 is incorrect).

66.63

Moulded into shape (摶如; the upper character [摶] is fanqie 奪鸞. The Kaosheng says: 'To cause to adhere together.' The Boya says: '摶 is like gripping; to hold close.' Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '摶 means to shape with the hand.' It also says: 'To take.' Lexicons state: 'To roll into a sphere.' The Shuowen says: 'Round.' It is composed with 'hand' (手) as semantic and 專 as phonetic).

66.64

Melting away (融銷; the upper character [融] is fanqie 育嵩. The Kaosheng says: '融 means to melt.' The Shuowen says: 'Vapour from cooking rising upwards.' It is composed of 鬲, with 蟲 abbreviated as phonetic. The sound of 鬲 is 曆. The lower character [銷] is fanqie 丁小焦. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: '銷 means to disperse.' The Shuowen says: 'To melt metal.' It is composed with 'metal' (金) as semantic and 肖 as phonetic. The sound of 鑠 is fanqie 商斫).

66.65

Fascicle Fourteen

66.66

Addicted and craving (媅嗜; the upper character [媅] is fanqie 荅南. The Kaosheng says: '媅 also means to crave; to indulge in.' The Mao Shijing says: 'The indulgence (媅) of a woman.' The Shuowen says: '媅 means pleasure.' It is composed with 'woman' (女) and 'extreme' (甚) as an associative compound. The text of the treatise writes it with 'body' as 躭, which is a popular form. The lower character [嗜] is fanqie 時至. The Kaosheng says: 'Greedy; desiring; fond of.' Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Craving sweet foods insatiably.' Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: 'Desiring and liking.' It also says: 'Greedy.' The Wenzidian shuo says it is composed with 'mouth' (口) as semantic and 耆 as phonetic).

66.67

Fascicle Fifteen

66.68

Possessing delusion (有癡; the lower character [癡] is fanqie 恥之. The Picang says: '癡 means stupid.' The Huainanzi says: 'Unable to avoid madness and stupidity.' The Shuowen says: 'Unwise.' It is composed with 'sickness' (疒) as semantic and 疑 as phonetic. The sound of 騃 is fanqie 五解. The sound of 疒 is fanqie 女厄).

66.69

Fascicle Sixteen (No characters to gloss)

66.70

Fascicle Seventeen

66.71

Meditative stabilization (靜慮; the upper character [靜] is fanqie 情性. The Erya says: '靜 means to plan.' Gu Yewang says: '靜 means calm; regulated; rested; harmonious; reflective.' The Shuowen says: 'To examine closely.' It is composed with 𤯝 as semantic and 爭 as phonetic. The lower character [慮] is fanqie 呂據. Zheng's gloss on the Shijing says: '慮 means to deliberate.' The Erya says: 'To think.' The Guangya says: 'To know; to broaden.' The Wenzidian shuo says it is composed with 'mind' (思) as semantic and 虍 as phonetic. The sound of 虍 is 呼).

66.72

Fascicle Eighteen

66.73

Womb-born and egg-born (胎卵; the upper character [胎] is fanqie 泰來. The Huainanzi says: 'When a woman is four months pregnant, it forms an embryo (胎).' The Cangjie pian says: '胎 refers to what is not yet born.' The Guangya says: 'At three months it is an embryo (胎).' The Shuowen also says: 'A woman's pregnancy at three months.' It is composed with 'flesh' (肉) as semantic and 台 as phonetic. The lower character [卵] is fanqie 鸞短. The Kaosheng says: 'An unhatched bird fledgling.' The Shuowen says: 'All living beings that lack breasts are egg-born.' It is a pictographic character).

66.74

Pure and plain (淳質; the upper character [淳] is fanqie 順倫; it is also written [月*(高/羊)] or 惇. In treatises it is written 淳, which is a popular variant. On examination, the character for 'pure and plain' properly takes 'wine' (酉) as 𨣶. The Hanshu says: 'Forming a single substance of a single colour is called 𨣶, meaning unmixed.' Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Pure.' It also says: 'Engaging in unified conduct.' Jia Kui says: 'Exclusive.' The Guangya says: 'Substantial.' The Shuowen says it is composed with 酉 as semantic and 𦎫 as phonetic. The sound of 𦎫 is the same as above. It is also written 純).

66.75

Fascicle Nineteen

66.76

Roaring (哮吼; the upper character [哮] is fanqie 孝交. The Picang says: '哮 means shouting in great rage.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'The sound of a startled pig.' It is composed with 'mouth' (口) as semantic and 孝 as phonetic. The sound of 嚇 is 赫. The lower character [吼] is fanqie 詬狗; in lexicons it is properly written 吽, and also written 咆. The text of the treatise writes 吼, which is a popular variant. The Kaosheng says: 'The roar of oxen and tigers is called 吼.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'The calling of bear cubs.' It also refers to the cries of beasts; calling out; howling. It is composed with 'mouth' (口) as semantic and 孔 as phonetic. The sound of 噑 is 豪. The sound of 詬 is fanqie 黑搆).

66.77

Sloth (惽沈; the upper character [惽] is fanqie 忽昆; the lower character [沈] is fanqie 朕淋. Already explained above in Fascicle Six).

66.78

Fascicle Twenty

66.79

Beating and striking (撾打; the upper character [撾] is fanqie 竹瓜. The Kaosheng says: '撾 means to strike; a horsewhip.' The Shenglei says: '撾 means to beat.' The Sanguozhi (Wei annals) says: 'He beat and broke his legs.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'To strike.' It is composed with 'wood' (木) as semantic and 過 as phonetic).

66.80

Garuda bird (妙翅鳥; the sound of 翅 is fanqie 詩至. It is named after its shape and colour. Its back and both wings are completely golden in colour; it is also named the golden-winged bird. In Sanskrit it is called the King of Garuḍas).

66.81

Dust and grime (塵坌; the lower character [坌] is fanqie 盆悶. Already explained above in Fascicle Forty of the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya).

66.82

Horned owl (鵂鵶; the upper character [鵂] is fanqie 朽尤; the lower character [鵶] is pronounced 留. The Kaosheng says: 'An ominous bird.' The Jixun says: 'The xiuyou (鵂鵶) is the screech owl (𪇑鶘), an ill-omened bird.' The Erya entry for 鵅鵋䳢 has Guo's commentary stating: 'Nowadays in Jiangdong, the horned owl (鵂鵹) is called 鵋䳢; it is also called 鴝鵅.' On examination, this bird hides by day and flies by night, nesting in cliff caverns. Both 鵂鵹 and 𪇑鶘 are named after the sounds they utter. It is as large as a horned hawk, grey-black and mottled in colour, and feeds on various small birds, snakes, mice, and the like).

66.83

Perilous and dangerous (凶險; the lower character [險] is fanqie 杴奄. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '險 is like wicked.' Jia Kui says: 'Perilous.' The Guangya says: 'Difficult.' The Fangyan says: 'Steep and elevated.' The Shuowen says: 'Obstructed and difficult.' It is composed with 卪 as semantic and 僉 as phonetic. For the text of the treatise to write 撿 is incorrect).

66.84

Crossing a moat (度塹; the lower character [塹] is fanqie 韱艷. Gu Yewang says: 'Nowadays the defensive moat around a city is called a 塹.' Lexicons state: 'City moat.' The Zhoushu says: 'Having no drainage ditch or moat, yet striking the target.' The Shuowen says: 'A moat is a pit.' It is composed with 'earth' (土) as semantic and 斬 as phonetic).

66.85

Abhidharma Dharmaskandha-śāstra, Fascicle One

66.86

Compiled by the Śramaṇa Huilin

66.87

False and deceitful (虛誑; the lower character [誑] is fanqie 居況. The Kaosheng says: '誑 means to deceive someone with words.' Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: '誑 is like bewildering.' Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'To deceive.' The Wenzidian shuo also says: 'To bewilder.' It is composed with 'words' (言) as semantic and 狂 as phonetic).

66.88

Indulging in these (耽諸; the upper character [耽] is fanqie 膽甘. Already explained above in Fascicle Fourteen of the Jñānaprasthāna-śāstra; it is properly written 媅).

66.89

Exerting effort (策勵; the upper character [策] is fanqie 鐺索; the lower character [勵] is fanqie 力制. Already explained above in Fascicle Six of the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya).

66.90

Hare-nets and bird-traps (罝弶; the upper character [罝] is fanqie 借邪. Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'A net is like a barrier.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'A net for catching hares is called a 罝.' It is composed with 'net' (网) as semantic and 且 as phonetic. The sound of 网 is 网. The lower character [弶] is fanqie 強鞅. In lexicons it is properly written 弶; for the text of the treatise to write 摾 is incorrect. Already fully explained above in Fascicle Three of the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya).

66.91

Guṇṭh (捃多比; the upper character [捃] is fanqie 君惲. The fanqie for 惲 is 縕捃. This is Sanskrit).

66.92

Damming and obstructing (隁塞; the upper character [隁] is fanqie 蔫㦥; nowadays it is also written 堰. For the treatise text to write 堰 is incorrect. Gu Yewang says: 'A 隁 is that by which water is stopped and impounded.' The Kaosheng says: 'To block.' The Wenzidian shuo says it is composed with 卩 as semantic and 匽 as phonetic. The sound of 匽 is the same as above. The lower character [塞] is fanqie 僧則; this is a popular character. The Shuowen properly writes it with [(耜-〡)-耒+((耜-〡)-耒)] as 𡫼. The Kaosheng says: 'To plug; full; to block.' Zheng's commentary on the Analects says: '塞 is like concealing.' The Shuowen says: 'To partition.' It is composed with 'earth' (土) as semantic and 𡫼 as phonetic. The pronunciation of the upper component is as above; [(耜-〡)-耒+((耜-〡)-耒)] is pronounced 展).

66.93

Plundering (抄掠; the upper character [抄] is fanqie 初窖. Lexicons state: '抄 also means to loot.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It refers to forcibly seizing goods.' It is composed with 'hand' (手) as semantic and 少 as phonetic. The lower character [掠] is fanqie 力斫. Already explained above in Fascicle Ten of the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya).

66.94

Wives and concubines ([山/妻]媵; the upper character is properly 妻. The lower character [媵] is fanqie 承證. The Kaosheng says: '媵 refers to an escort bride.' Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'To escort a bride is called 媵.' The Fangyan says: '媵 means to lodge.' It also says: 'To entrust.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'To accompany the bride with nieces or younger sisters.' It is composed with 'woman' (女) as semantic, with 勝 abbreviated as phonetic).

66.95

Ferment and malt (麴糱; the upper character [麴] is fanqie 穹鞠. The Shangshu says: 'If you would make wine or sweet spirits, you must have ferment and malt (麴糱).' The Zuo zhuan says: 'Is there wheat yeast (麴)?' The Fangyan says: 'Between Song, Wei, Chen, and Chu, 麴 is called [曹-日].' The Wenzidian shuo says it is composed with 'wheat' (麥) as semantic and 匊 as phonetic. The sound of [曹-日] is 曲; the sound of 匊 is fanqie 弓六. The lower character [糱] is fanqie 言列. The Kaosheng says: '糱 is the sprouting of grain or wheat.' The Shuowen says: 'Sprouted grain.' It is composed with 'rice' (米) as semantic and 𦵮 as phonetic).

66.96

Fascicle Two

66.97

Tranquil and detached (憺怕; the upper character [憺] is fanqie 談濫; the lower character [怕] is fanqie 伻麥. The sound of 伻 is fanqie 拍萌. For the treatise text to write it with 'flame' as 惔 is incorrect. Gu Yewang says: '憺怕 means serene and still.' Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: '憺 means peaceful; content.' Lexicons state: '怕 means non-action.' The Zixu fu says: 'Serene (怕) in non-action, calm and self-possessed.' The Shuowen says: '憺 means peaceful; 怕 means non-action.' Both characters take 'mind' (心) as semantic, with 詹 and 白 respectively as phonetic).

66.98

Continuous heavy rain (霖[泳-永+(瑤-王)]; the upper character [霖] is fanqie 立砧. 霖[泳-永+(瑤-王)] is the orthodox writing; for the treatise text to write it with 'rain' as 霪 is a popular form. The Kaosheng says: 'Rain lasting three days or more is called 霖.' Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'Long-lasting rain that does not cease is called 霖[泳-永+(瑤-王)].' The commentary on the Shijing says: '[泳-永+(瑤-王)] means heavy rain.' Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'Protracted rain.' It is composed with 'rain' (雨) as semantic and 林 as phonetic).

66.99

Mountain torrents (溪澗; the lower character [澗] is fanqie 姦晏. The commentary on the Shijing says: 'Water flanked by mountains is called a 澗.' The Shuowen's definition is identical to that of the commentary on the Shijing. It is composed with 'water' (水) as semantic and 間 as phonetic).

66.100

聰叡 (for the first character, c- + -houng in fanqie; in the treatise text it is written as 聰, which is the popular character. The Shangshu says: 'Listening is called 聰.' Mao's Commentary to the Shijing says: '聰 means hearing.' The Outer Traditions of the Han School says: 'It means bright.' The Shuowen says: 'It means discerning.' It takes ear as semantic and 忽 as phonetic; 忽 has the same sound as above. For the second character, y- + -e in fanqie. The Shangshu says: '叡 makes sageliness.' Kong [Anguo]'s commentary says: '叡 means wise.' Jia Kui's commentary to the Guoyu says: 'It means bright.' The Shuowen says: 'It means profoundly insightful.' It takes [(├/(同-(一/口)+、))*又], 目 [eye], and the abbreviated 谷 as phonetic; [(├/(同-(一/口)+、))*又] is pronounced c- + -an).

66.101

僧伽胝 (the last character is pronounced zhi. It is Sanskrit; in the Tang language it means the great robe of nine strips).

66.102

不迃 (the second character, 'y- + -u in fanqie. Bao Xian's commentary to the Lunyu says: '迃 is like far.' Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Liji says: 'It means broad; it means great.' Kong [Anguo]'s commentary to the Shangshu says: 'It means to avoid.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'It means distant and winding.' It takes 辵 [walk] as semantic and 亐 as phonetic. 辵 is pronounced ch- + -uo; 䊸 is pronounced y- + -u).

66.103

Fascicle Three

66.104

能[馬*(中/又)] (the second character, sh- + -i in fanqie. In the treatise text it is written as 駛, which is pronounced jue, not fitting the meaning. The Kaosheng and the Cang Jie pian both say: 'A horse running swiftly.' The Gujin zhengzi also says: 'Swift and fast.' It takes horse as semantic and 㕜 as phonetic).

66.105

懊歎 (for the first character, '- + -ao in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '懊 means distressed lament and regret.' The Gujin zhengzi gives it with heart as semantic and 奧 as phonetic; 奧 is pronounced '- + -ao).

66.106

Fascicle Four

66.107

如癰 (the second character, y- + -ong in fanqie. Sima Biao's commentary to the Zhuangzi says: 'Floating heat becomes a ju-ulcer; non-circulation becomes a yong-abscess.' The Shuowen says: 'It means swelling.' It takes disease as semantic and 雝 as phonetic; 雝 has the same sound as above).

66.108

Fascicle Five

66.109

機黠 (for the first character, j- + -i in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '機 means movement.' Gu Yewang says: '機 refers to versatile adaptability.' The Zhouyi says: 'The release of the hinge-and-trigger is the master of glory and disgrace.' The Shuowen says: 'That which controls release is called 機.' It takes tree as semantic and 幾 as phonetic. For the second character, x- + -ia in fanqie. Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the Fangyan says: '黠 refers to intelligent and discerning.' Gu Yewang says: '黠 means rebellious, craftily sly.' The Shuowen says: 'Hard and black.' It takes black as semantic and 吉 as phonetic. 桀 is pronounced j- + -ie; 軋 is pronounced y- + -a).

66.110

Fascicle Six

66.111

面皺 (for the second character, zh- + -ou in fanqie. The standard form takes 芻 as the phonetic to make 皺. In the treatise text it is written as 皺, which is the popular character, simplified due to cursive script. The Kaosheng says: '皺 means the gathering of skin.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'It means loose skin gathering together.' It takes skin as semantic and 芻 as phonetic; 芻 is pronounced ch- + -u).

66.112

𦠍痛 (for the first character, '- + -ang in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '𦠍 means the palate.' It takes flesh as semantic and 㖾 as phonetic; 㖾 has the same pronunciation as above, as seen in the Kaosheng. This character is absent from the Shuowen; the standard form is written with 谷 and 卩, meaning the palate above, a pictographic character; 谷 is pronounced q- + -iang. It is also written as 𠶸, and also written as 臄, both appearing in the Shuowen. Now vulgar usage writes 腭 or 齶, both of which are incorrect).

66.113

[病-丙+(朿*欠)]病 (for the first character, s- + -ou in fanqie. The Gujin zhengzi takes disease as semantic to make 瘶; cold-illness coughing is 瘶. In the treatise text it is written with mouth as semantic to make 嗽, which is incorrect. The Kaosheng says: 'The disease of coughed breath surging into the throat.' The Picang says: 'A disease of chills and fever.' A character book says: 'An illness within the chest and diaphragm.' The Wenzi dianshuo takes disease as semantic and 欶 as phonetic; 欶 has the same sound as above).

66.114

噫病 (for the first character, y- + -i in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: 'The sound of belching air when full of food.' Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Liji says: 'Hiccupping and belching refer to an illness within the chest.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'A phrase of resentment, the sound of suffering and injury.' It takes mouth as semantic and 意 as phonetic).

66.115

癩病 (for the first character, l- + -ai in fanqie. The Wenzi jilüe says: '癩 is a wind-illness of the five viscera.' The Guangya says: '癩 is the severe wind disease [leprosy].' The Gujin zhengzi takes disease as semantic and 賴 as phonetic).

66.116

痳病 (for the first character, l- + -in in fanqie. The Shenglei says: '痳 refers to urine that is frequent and difficult to discharge.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'A hernia-like disease.' It also says: 'The disease of difficulty in urination.' It takes disease as semantic and 林 as phonetic).

66.117

癲病 (for the first character, d- + -ian in fanqie. The Wenzi jilüe writes it with disease as semantic to make 癲; it is madness caused by perverse wind entering the five viscera. The Guangya says: '癲 means madness.' The Shenglei says: 'A wind illness.' The Wenzi dianshuo also says: 'A malignant wind disease.' It takes disease as semantic and 顛 as phonetic).

66.118

歐逆 (for the first character, '- + -ou in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '歐 means wanting to vomit.' A character book says: 'A disease in the stomach.' The Shuowen says: '歐 means to vomit.' It takes 欠 [yawn/breath] as semantic and 區 as phonetic).

66.119

㾽癭 (for the first character, zh- + -ui in fanqie. The Zuo zhuan says: 'Having the disease of sinking-down severe 㾽.' Du [Yu]'s commentary says: 'Severe 㾽 is a swelling; wind enters the small intestine.' The Guangya says: '㾽 is a disease of swelling in the private parts.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'Severe 㾽.' It takes disease as semantic and 追 as phonetic. For the second character, y- + -ing in fanqie. The Shanhai jing says: 'On Mount Ganzai there is a beast named Bai; eating it cures goiters.' The ancient character was written as 𦢆. The Shuowen says: 'A disease of swelling in the neck.' It takes disease as semantic and 嬰 as phonetic).

66.120

㿃下 (for the first character, the pronunciation is dai. The Cang Jie pian says: '㿃下 is a woman's disease [leukorrhea/dysentery].' The Shiming says: 'When dysenteric descent is most severe, passing red and white discharge, it is called 㿃.' The Guangya says: 'Sores within the abdomen.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'A dysenteric disease.' It takes disease as semantic and 帶 as phonetic; the radical 疒 is pronounced n- + -e).

66.121

漏泄 (for the first character, l- + -ou in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '漏 means leaking down.' Gu Yewang says: '漏 also means leaking.' Xu Shuzhong [Xu Shen]'s commentary to the Huainanzi says: 'Piercing through; a hole; losing.' The Cang Jie pian says: 'Soaking and seeping away.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'Taking water as semantic and 屚 as phonetic;' 屚 has the same sound as above. For the second character, x- + -ie in fanqie. Mao's Commentary to the Shijing says: '泄 means going away.' Zheng [Xuan]'s sub-commentary says: 'Exiting; emitting.' Du [Yu]'s commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: '泄 means diminishing.' The Fangyan says: 'Resting.' The Guangya says: '泄 means overflow.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'The appearance of dispersing and releasing.' It takes water as semantic and 世 as phonetic).

66.122

痃癖 (for the first character, x- + -ian in fanqie. It is a popular character; the various character books have no such character at all, nor is there an original character. Upon examination, the disease 痃 is a cold-qi illness in the abdomen; when it occurs, the vessels swell and pull tight like a bowstring, hence the popular term 'bowstring qi disease'. It takes disease as semantic and an abbreviated 絃 as phonetic. For the second character, p- + -i in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '癖 is an illness of lumps in the abdomen.' The Shenglei says: 'Stagnant food that does not digest.' The Wenzi dianshuo gives it with disease as semantic and 辟 as phonetic).

66.123

殉逝 (for the first character, x- + -un in fanqie. The Zuo zhuan says: '殉 means following the dead with human sacrifices.' Ying Shao says: 'Throwing away one's life to follow an object is called 殉.' The Wenzi dianshuo gives it with 歺 [death] as semantic and 句 as phonetic; 歺 is pronounced j- + -in).

66.124

一剃 (the second character, t- + -i in fanqie, is a popular character; the standard form takes 髟 as semantic to make 鬀. The Kaosheng says: '鬀 means shaving the hair.' The Guangya says: '鬀 means shaving.' The Shuowen says: 'Clipping hair.' It takes 髟 [long hair] as semantic and 弟 as phonetic; 剔 is pronounced t- + -i).

66.125

打罵 (the second character, m- + -a in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '罵 means insulting and abusing one another with evil words.' The Zuo zhuan says: 'Losing his bow, he cursed.' A character book says: 'It means reviling.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'It takes net as semantic and 馬 as phonetic').

66.126

躭湎 (for the first character, d- + -an in fanqie; the standard form is written as 媅, already explained earlier in Fascicle Fourteen of the Abhidharmaprakaraṇa-pāda-śāstra. For the second character, m- + -ian in fanqie. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary to the Shangshu says: 'Sinking and wallowing in wine, exceeding all bounds.' Mao's Commentary to the Shijing says: 'Heaven does not indulge you.' The Wenzi dianshuo gives it with water as semantic and 面 as phonetic).

66.127

栽杌 (for the first character, z- + -ai in fanqie. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Liji says: '栽 is like planting.' The Chunqiu Commentary says: 'Chu besieged Cai's hamlets and drove in stakes.' The Shuowen takes tree as semantic and 𢦏 as phonetic; 𢦏 is pronounced zai. For the second character, w- + -u in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '杌 is a stump, the cut remainder of a tree.' The Shijing says: 'Heaven destabilizes me.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: '杌 means shaken and unrooted.' It takes tree as semantic and 兀 as phonetic; 椊 is pronounced z- + -u).

66.128

Fascicle Seven

66.129

扣鉢 (for the first character, the pronunciation is kou. The Shuowen says: '扣 means to strike.' It takes hand as semantic and 口 as phonetic. For the second character, b- + -o in fanqie; it is a popular character, absent from the Shuowen. The Yupian says: 'The Jiaozhou zashi ji states: In the fourth year of the Taikang reign era of the Jin, the king of Linyi presented an almsbowl and a white crystal almsbowl.' Ban Zishen's Tongsu wen writes it with 犮 as semantic and 皿 as phonetic to make 盋, which is the ancient character).

66.130

警覺 (for the first character, j- + -ing in fanqie. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary to the Shangshu says: 'To warn; also to awaken.' The Guangya says: 'Not at ease.' Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Liji says: '警 is like rising.' The Wenzi dianshuo takes 言 [words] as semantic and 敬 as phonetic).

66.131

磨瑩 (for the first character, m- + -o in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '磨 means to grind; also to polish.' The Guangya says: 'Polishing pearls and jade to make them emit luster.' The Wenzi dianshuo takes stone as semantic and 麻 as phonetic. For the second character, y- + -ing in fanqie. The Guangya says: '瑩 also means to polish.' The Shuowen says: 'The color of jade.' It takes jade as semantic and an abbreviated 熒 as phonetic; 熒 is pronounced h- + -iong).

66.132

陿小 (for the first character, x- + -ia in fanqie. The standard form takes 阜 and 阝 to make 陿. In the treatise text it is written with dog to make 狹, which is incorrect, as explained previously).

66.133

Fascicle Eight

66.134

溉灌 (for the first character, g- + -ai in fanqie. Gu Yewang says: '溉 refers to channeling and pouring.' The Zhuangzi says: 'The flooding of runoff waters irrigating the fields.' The Shuowen says: '溉 is like irrigating.' It takes water as semantic and 既 as phonetic. For the second character, g- + -uan in fanqie. Gu Yewang says: '灌 is like irrigating and watering.' The Shuowen gives it with water as semantic and 雚 as phonetic; 雚 has the same sound as above).

66.135

畦壠 (pronounced h- + -ui and g- + -ui; already explained repeatedly above. For the second character, l- + -ong in fanqie; it is the boundary ridge of a furrow. In the treatise text it is written with 阜 as 隴, which is also interchangeably used).

66.136

慳垢 (for the first character, q- + -ian in fanqie. The Wenzi jilüe says: '慳 refers to begrudging wealth.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'Stingy and begrudging.' It takes heart as semantic and 堅 as phonetic. For the second character, g- + -ou in fanqie. Gu Yewang says: '垢 refers to being unclean.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: '垢 means foul and turbid.' It takes earth as semantic and 后 as phonetic).

66.137

Fascicle Nine

66.138

觝揬 (for the first character, d- + -i in fanqie. The Shenglei says: '觝 means to butt against; to reach.' The Gujin zhengzi gives it with horn as semantic and 氐 as phonetic. For the second character, t- + -u in fanqie. The Guangya says: '揬 means pushing forward; to clash against.' A character book says: 'To rub.' The Wenzi dianshuo gives it with hand as semantic and 突 as phonetic. The treatise text writes 突, with the same sound as above; this means a large aperture or deep cavity, which diverges from the sense of the treatise and is not adopted).

66.139

罩网 (for the first character, zh- + -ao in fanqie. Mao's Commentary to the Shijing says: '罩 is a fish basket.' Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the Erya says: 'A cage for catching fish.' The Wenzi dianshuo takes 𠕀 as semantic and 卓 as phonetic; 藿 is pronounced k- + -uo. For the second character, w- + -ang in fanqie. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Liji says: 'Bird nets are called luo or wang.' Gu Yewang says: 'Net is the general name for catching nets.' The Shuowen says: 'The netting of knotted cords created by Baoxi for hunting and fishing.' It takes 冂 as semantic and depicts crisscrossing cords. It is sometimes written as [(ㄇ@(人*人))/(┌@一)/一]; in the Great Seal script it is written as 网; in the ancient script it is written as 冈. In the treatise text it is written with silk, which is a popularly interchangeable character).

66.140

頑騃 (for the first character, w- + -an in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '頑 means foolish.' The Guangya says: '頑 means dull-witted.' The Wenzi dianshuo takes 頁 as semantic and 元 as phonetic; 頁 is pronounced x- + -ie. For the second character, '- + -ai in fanqie; it has already been explained in detail in Fascicle Ten of the Vinaya Commentary above).

66.141

䖧螫 (for the first character, zh- + -an in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '䖧 means the sting of a venomous insect.' The Guangya says: '䖧 means painful.' The Wenzi jilüe writes it as 蜇, and also says it means painful. The Gujin zhengzi takes insect as semantic and 旦 as phonetic. For the second character, sh- + -i in fanqie. The Shijing says: 'Self-seeking ultimate stinging.' The Shuowen says: 'The moving poison of insects.' It takes insect as semantic and 赦 as phonetic; 赦 is pronounced she).

66.142

施詫 (for the second character, ch- + -a in fanqie. The Wenxuan says: 'Birds being nonexistent, he was amazed and boasted.' Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the Erya says: '詫 means to boast.' It also says: 'To inform.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'Excessive boasting.' It takes 言 [words] as semantic and 宅 as phonetic).

66.143

𰟚髭 (for the first character, x- + -ian in fanqie. This is the standard character. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Liji says: 'Submerging meat in hot broth.' It is also written with fire as semantic to make 爓, which is a popular character. The Boya writes it with 尋 to make 燖, which is the ancient character for 𰟚. Both the Yupian and the Kaosheng write it with [((嘹-口)-小)-日+(工/十)] to make [(((嘹-口)-小)-日+干)*(大/火)]; scribes mistook it, which is wrong. The Shuowen says: 'Scalding meat in boiling broth.' It takes 炎 as semantic and an abbreviated form of 熱 as phonetic. It is also written with 炙 and 㶣 to make 𤍙. In the treatise text it is written with 覃 to make 燂, which is a popularly used character. There is also the form written with flesh and 閻 as 𦢨, which is absent from both the Shuowen and Yupian; 爚 is pronounced y- + -ue, a popularly used character. The second character is pronounced zi. The Wenzi jilüe says: 'Hair on the upper lip.' It is also written as 髭. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Beard above the mouth.' It takes 須 [beard] as semantic and 此 as phonetic).

66.144

咼張 (for the first character, k- + -ua in fanqie; also pronounced k- + -uai in fanqie. The Kaosheng says: 'A wry, crooked mouth.' The Shuowen also says: 'A crooked mouth.' It takes mouth as semantic and 冎 as phonetic; 冎 is pronounced g- + -ua).

66.145

𢤱悷 (for the first character, l- + -ong in fanqie; the second character is pronounced li. These two characters were not previously found linked together in the various character books; scholars wrote them out based on meaning, and they have been transmitted by sound. Examining them, 儱悷 means obstinate and difficult to subdue. This is the general meaning, hence there is no separate gloss; they are also phonogram characters).

66.146

Fascicle Ten

66.147

甞齅 (pronounced x- + -iu in fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'Approaching an odor with the nose is called 齅.' It takes nose as semantic and 臭 as phonetic; 臭 is pronounced ch- + -ou).

66.148

Clam and oyster (𧉻𧊧: the first is pronounced [龐 + 請] *b-*. The second is pronounced [甘 + 合] *g-*. The Shuogua of the Yijing says: 'Li is the turtle, the crab, the spiral shell, and the bivalve mussel.' The Lüshi chunqiu says: 'When the moon is full, clams and oysters are full; when the moon is waning, clams and oysters diminish.' The Shuowen says: 'The bivalve mussel belongs to the class of large clams. It takes the radical chóng and the phonetic fēng; fēng is pronounced ěr.' In the treatise text it is written with fèng as 蜯, which is incorrect. There are many kinds of oysters; here we briefly mention two or three, using these as examples to illustrate sufficiently that transformations are endless and unfathomable. The Liji says: 'In the last month of autumn, sparrows enter the great waters and transform into oysters.' Zheng Xuan says: 'The great waters are the sea.' The Shuowen also says: 'The oyster is transformed from a thousand-year-old snipe-like bird.' The Fangyan says: 'Qin called them oysters; sea oysters are transformed from hundred-year-old swallows; the giant oyster, also named pùluó, is transformed from an old bat.' Furthermore, pheasants transform into giant clams, and mandarin ducks also transform, amounting to several tens of kinds. Some reproduce one from another through their mothers; all are brought into being through the karmic influx of responsive transformation, endless and inexhaustible).

66.149

Snail (蝸牛: the first is pronounced [寡 + 花] *guā*. The Kaosheng says: 'The snail is the crawls-on-its-belly snail.' Gu Yewang says: 'The snail is the slug.' The Shuowen says: 'The guā is a small spiral shell. It takes the radical chóng and the phonetic guā.' 螔 is pronounced [以 + 支] *yí*; 蝓 is pronounced [庾 + 珠] *yú*; 虫 is pronounced [暐 + 鬼] *huǐ*; 咼 is pronounced kuā).

66.150

Abhidharma-dharmaskandha-pāda-śāstra, Fascicle Eleven

66.151

Torrents (瀑流: the first is pronounced [袍 + 報] *bào*. It was already fully explained above in Fascicle 4 of the Jñānaprasthāna-śāstra).

66.152

Pennon and banner (幖幟: the first is pronounced [褾 + 遙] *biāo*. The Kaosheng says: '幖 means to raise; a placard.' The Guangya says: 'A sign.' Gu Yewang says: '幖 means a marker to record and recognize it.' The Zhanguoce says: 'To raise a pennon very high.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'A banner; a pennant.' The Shuowen has it with jīn and piào phonetic. In the treatise text it is written with mù as 標, which is incorrect; piào is pronounced [必 + 遙] *biāo*. The second is pronounced [[山/虫] + 志] *zhì*. The Kaosheng says: '幟 is like a sign.' The Guangya says: '幟 is a banner.' The Gujin zhengzi has it with jīn and zhí abbreviated phonetic; zhí has the same sound as above).

66.153

Fascicle Twelve

66.154

Hunchbacked (背傴: the second is pronounced [央 + 禹] *yǔ*. It was already fully explained above in Fascicle 25 of the Sarvāstivāda Vinaya).

66.155

Emaciated and impaired (羸損: the first is pronounced [律 + 追] *léi*. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: '羸 means weak.' Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'Ill.' The Guangya says: 'Fatigued.' The Shuowen says: 'Thin. It takes the radical yáng and the phonetic luǒ.' Luǒ is pronounced [力 + 臥] *luò*).

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Match and adversary (伉敵: the first is pronounced [康 + 浪] *kàng*. Gu Yewang says: '伉 means an equal match.' Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: 'An adversary.' The Shuowen has it with rén and yuán phonetic; 偶 is pronounced [五 + 苟] *ǒu*. The second is pronounced [庭 + 歷] *dí*. The Kaosheng says: '敵 means opponent; equal.' The Zuozhuan says: '敵 means to withstand.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Enemy. It takes the radical pū and the phonetic dí.' Dí is pronounced dī).

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Abhidharma-saṅgītiparyāya-pāda-śāstra, Fascicle One

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Uttarāsaṅga (嗢怛羅僧: the first is pronounced [溫 + 沒] *wēn*. In Sanskrit; in the Tang language it means 'upper garment', which is today's seven-strip robe).

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Serve as a pillow (為枕: the second is pronounced [針 + 審] *zhěn*. The Kaosheng says: '枕 means to prop up.' Gu Yewang says: '枕 means a support.' The Mao Classic of Poetry says: 'The horn pillow is bright.' The Analects says: 'Drinking water and bending one's arm to pillow on it.' The Wenzi dianshuo says: 'To support the head. It takes the radical mù and the phonetic yín.' Yín is pronounced yín).

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Analyze and dissect (破析: the second is pronounced [星 + 亦] *xī*. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: '析 means to divide.' The Shenglei says: 'To split.' The Shuowen says: 'To split wood. It takes the radical mù and the phonetic jīn.' In the treatise text it is written as 折, which is an archaic form).

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Vigorous debate (激論: the first is pronounced [經 + 鷁] *jī*. Gu Yewang says: '激 refers to a clear sound.' Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: 'To be stirred.' The Fangyan says: 'Clear.' The Shuowen says: 'A rapid wave of water. It takes the radical shuǐ and the phonetic jiào.' Jiào is pronounced [口 + 的] *kè*, and also [餘 + 灼] *yuè*).

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Negate and reject (非撥: the second is pronounced [般 + 未] *bō*. The Kaosheng says: '撥 means to push an object away with the hand.' He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: '撥 means to manage.' The Guangya says: 'To eliminate.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'To govern. It takes the radical shǒu and the phonetic fā').

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Fascicle Two

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Clever and cunning (機黠: the first is pronounced [既 + 希] *jī*. The Kaosheng says: '機 means movement.' The Zhouyi says: 'The release of the trigger mechanism is the master of glory and disgrace.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'That which controls release is called jī. It takes the radical mù and the phonetic jī.' The second is pronounced [衡 + 戞] *xiá*. Guo's commentary on the Fangyan says: '黠 means intelligent and understanding.' Gu Yewang says: '桀黠 means treacherous and deceitful.' The Shuowen has it with hēi and jí phonetic; 戞 is pronounced [間 + 八] *jiá*).

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Frowning and distressed (顰[戚/止]: the first is pronounced [毗 + 賓] *pín*. Gu Yewang says: '顰[戚/止] is the appearance of sorrow and displeasure.' The Shuowen says: 'Those who wade through water frown and look distressed. It takes the radical bēi and the phonetic pín.' In the treatise text it is written as 頻, which is abbreviated. The second is pronounced [酒 + 育] *cù*. Zheng's commentary on the Yili says: '[戚/止] is like pressing.' The Guangya says: 'Urgent.' The Gujin zhengzi has it with zú and qī phonetic).

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Leaping and halting (跳躑: the first is pronounced [庭 + 遙] *tiáo*. The Cangjiepian says: '跳 means to jump.' The Guangya says: 'To leap upward.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'To suddenly lift oneself up. It takes the radical zú and the phonetic tiào.' The second is pronounced [程 + 亦] *zhí*. The correct character is 蹢; in the treatise text it is written as 擲, which is a vulgar form. Gu Yewang says: '躑躅 means when a mule lifts its foot but does not move forward.' The Gujin zhengzi has it with zú and zhèng phonetic).

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Deceitful and fraudulent (詭詐: the first is pronounced [匕 + 歸] [with 毀] *guǐ*. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says: '詭 means haughty and insolent.' The Guangya says: 'To follow evil is called guǐ.' The Shuowen says: 'To reproach. It takes the radical yán and the phonetic wēi.' The second is pronounced [責 + 亞] *zhà*. The Kaosheng says: '詐 means falsehood.' The Gujin zhengzi says: '詐 means deceit. It takes the radical yán and the phonetic zhà').

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese