一切經音義 72

English (machine translation) 72

Language: English

Sounds and meanings for:
Xianzong lun, 40 fascicles (glossed by Huilin)
Abitanxin lun, 4 fascicles (glossed by Xuanying)
Fasheng abitanxin lun, 6 fascicles (glossed by Xuanying)
Za abitanxin lun, 11 fascicles (glossed by Xuanying)
The above four treatises, totaling 61 fascicles, have their sounds and meanings in this fascicle.

72.3

Preface to the Holy Teachings of the Tripiṭaka for the Xianzong lun (this was already fully explicated at the beginning of the very first fascicle of this gloss, so it is omitted here without glossing).

72.4

Abhidharma-prakaraṇa-śāsana-śāstra (Xianzong lun), Fascicle 1

72.5

Compiled by Huilin

72.6

派演 (the first character is pronounced [fanqie: 拍 + 賣]; the Guangya says: "派 means water branching out on its own into streams." Shuowen jiezi says: "派 means a divergent stream of water branching off; composed of reversed 水 [water]." In clerical script it is written 𠂢; in the treatise it is written with 水, which is also the same. The second character is pronounced [fanqie: 延 + 典]; Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "演 means to extend." Wei Zhao says: "Water and earth vapors permeating is 演." The Cangjie pian says: "演 means to lengthen." Shuowen jiezi says: "演 means the appearance of a long-flowing stream; composed of 水 [water] with 寅 as the phonetic").

72.7

為撮 (cuō [fanqie: 祖 + 活]; Zilin says: "撮 means taking with the hand." Wenzidian shuo says: "Taking with three fingers is 撮; composed of 手 [hand] with 最 as the phonetic").

72.8

痰等 (the first character is pronounced [fanqie: 唐 + 甘]; Wenzi jilüe says: "An illness." Kaosheng says: "An illness of water accumulation in the chest and diaphragm [gé, pronounced 格]." Wenzidian shuo says that it is composed of 疒 [sickness] (pronounced [fanqie: 女 + 戹]) with 炎 as the phonetic. In the treatise it is written 淡, which is incorrect).

72.9

蠲除 (the first character is pronounced [fanqie: 決 + 緣]; the Shangshu says: "God on High does not accept [蠲]." The Fangyan says: "In Southern Chu, the cure of an illness is called 蠲 [juān]." Shuowen jiezi says it is composed of 蜀 with 益 as the phonetic).

72.10

聰叡 (the first character is pronounced [fanqie: 蒼 + 紅]; the Shangshu says: "Hearing is called 聰 [cōng]"; it is also written 哲. Kaosheng says: "聰 means the hearing of the ears is clear and discerning." Shuowen jiezi says: "It means to observe; composed of 耳 [ear] with 怱 as the phonetic"; 怱 is pronounced [fanqie: 蔟 + 紅]. The second character is pronounced [fanqie: 悅 + 惠]; the Shangshu says: "叡 makes sagacity." Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji says: "叡 is the refinement of thinking." Gujin zhengzi says: "叡 means profoundly insightful; composed of 𣦻 and 谷 with the eye [目] abbreviated as the phonetic"; 𣦻 is pronounced [fanqie: 在 + 安]).

72.11

Able to dispel (能袪; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 去魚 [qū]. The Han shi waizhuan states: '袪 (qū) means to remove.' The Kaosheng states: '袪 means to reject; it means to eliminate.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 'clothing' (衣) as radical and 去 as phonetic).

72.12

Clamorous slander (囂謗; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 虛嬌 [xiāo]. Gu Yewang states: '囂 (xiāo) is like clamour and noise.' Zheng Xuan's Commentary on the Classic of Poetry states: '囂 is the appearance of a great crowd.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'It is the breath coming out above the head. It takes 頁 as radical and 㗊 as phonetic; 㗊 is pronounced 戢 [jí].' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 博傍 [bàng]. The Kaosheng states: '謗 (bàng) means reviling someone with words; it means to curse; it means badness.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '謗 means to revile. It takes "speech" [言] as radical and 旁 as phonetic').

72.13

Tumbling down (顛墜; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 典年 [diān]. The Erya states: '顛 (diān) means the crown of the head.' Zheng Xuan's Commentary on the Book of Rites states: '顛 is the appearance of sorrowful brooding.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 頁 as radical and 眞 as phonetic. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 木類 [zhuì]. Guo Pu's Commentary on the Erya states: '墜 (zhuì) is like falling.' The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 𨺎, meaning to come down from a height; it takes 𨸏 as radical and the abbreviated 遂 as phonetic. The form written with 土 is a vulgar variant).

72.14

Cataracts and films (瞖瞙; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 一計 [yì]. The Yunlüe states: '瞖 (yì) is an obstruction of the eye.' The Wenzi dianshuo states: '瞖 is an eye disease. It takes "eye" [目] as radical and 殹 as phonetic; its pronunciation is the same.' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 忙搏 [mò]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '膜 (mò) is the film between muscles. It takes "grass" [艸] as radical and 莫 as phonetic').

72.15

To raise and commend (標嘉; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 必遙 [biāo]. The Zhanguo ce states: 'To raise the standard (標) very high.' The Guangya states: '標 means to commend.' The Wenzi dianshuo states that it takes 'wood' [木] as radical and 票 as phonetic; 票 has the same pronunciation as above).

72.16

Vatsa (伐蹉; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 蒼何 [cuō]. A Sanskrit word [vatsa]).

72.17

Drifting upon the sea of existence (漂有海; [the first character] is pronounced with the fanqie 匹遙 [piāo]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '漂 (piāo) means to float. It takes "water" [水] as radical and 票 as phonetic; 票 is pronounced with the fanqie 必遙 [biāo]').

72.18

Fascicle Two

72.19

Moist and warm (溼煗; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 深入 [shī]. Gu Yewang states: '溼 (shī) means moist.' The Gujin zhengzi states: 'It means dark and damp. It takes 𢆶 and 一 covering the earth with water beneath, hence moist. 𢆶 is the ancient character for 幽 [dark].' In the treatise text, writing it as 濕 is incorrect. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 奴短 [nuǎn]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '煗 (nuǎn) means moist warmth. It takes "fire" [火] as radical and 耎 as phonetic; 耎 is pronounced with the fanqie 而兖 [ruǎn]').

72.20

Equal to ore (等磺; pronounced with the fanqie 𮓦猛 [huàng]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '磺 (huàng) is unrefined copper and iron ore. It takes "stone" [石] as radical and 黃 as phonetic').

72.21

Camel and cat (駞猫; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 馱羅 [tuó]. The Shanhaijing states: 'Mount Hao has many pack-camels (橐駞).' Guo Pu's Commentary on the Erya states: 'Mule-camels are pack-camels. They have flesh saddles on their backs, can bear a thousand catties, and know where water springs are located.' The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 'horse' [馬] as radical and 它 as phonetic, pronounced tuó. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 夘包 [māo]. The Book of Rites states: 'Welcoming the cat (猫) is because it eats field mice.' Gu Yewang states: 'The cat resembles a tiger but is smaller; people raise it as a domestic animal to catch mice.' The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 豸 as radical and 苗 as phonetic. In the treatise text, writing it with the "dog" radical [犬] as 貓 is a common vulgar form. 豸 is pronounced 雉 [zhì]).

72.22

Kites and the like (鴟等; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 齒之 [chī]. The Zishu states: 'The 鴟 (chī) belongs to the kite species.' Both the Zilin and the Zitong state: 'The 鴟 is a bird; 鴟 refers to the hawk-kite (鷂鴟).' The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 'bird' [鳥] as radical and 氐 as phonetic; 鷂 is pronounced with the fanqie 邈講 [bǎng], and 氐 is pronounced with the fanqie 底泥 [dī]. The Zishu also writes it with 至 as 鵄; its sound and meaning are both identical).

72.23

To analyze (分析; [the second character] is pronounced with the fanqie 星曆 [xī]. Gu Yewang states: '析 (xī) means to divide.' The Kaosheng states: '析 means to cleave.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'It means to split wood. It takes "wood" [木] and "axe" [斤] as an ideographic compound').

72.24

Fascicle Three

72.25

Colliding and striking (撞擊; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 濁江 [zhuàng]. Gu Yewang states: '撞 (zhuàng) also means to strike.' The Guangya states: '撞 means to stab.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '撞 means to strike with the hand. It takes "hand" [手] as radical and 童 as phonetic. 卂 is pronounced 信 [xìn].' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 經亦 [jī]. Kong Anguo's Commentary on the Book of Documents states: '擊 (jī) means to tap.' Gu Yewang states: '擊 means to beat; it means to attack.' Sima Biao's Commentary on the Zhuangzi states: '擊 is like moving.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 'hand' [手] as radical and 毄 as phonetic; 毄 has the same pronunciation as above).

72.26

Apertures and fissures (竅隙; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 輕要 [qiào]. Zheng Xuan's Commentary on the Book of Rites states: '竅 (qiào) means a hole.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'It means an opening. It takes "cave" [穴] as radical and 敫 as phonetic; 敫 is pronounced 叫 [jiào].' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 卿逆 [xì]. Gu Yewang states: '隙 (xì) means a perforated aperture.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'It means a hole at the seam of a wall. It takes 𨸏 as radical and [the graph comprising 日 and 小] as phonetic; [that component] has the same pronunciation as above').

72.27

Relying upon as a cushion (然藉; pronounced with the fanqie 情夜 [jiè]. Ying Shao states: 'The 藉 (jiè) of straw mats.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '藉 means to offer in sacrifice. It takes "grass" [艸] as radical and 稓 as phonetic; 稓 is pronounced 寂 [jì]').

72.28

Defence and support (防援; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 符亡 [fáng]. Zheng Xuan's Commentary on the Classic of Poetry states: '防 (fáng) also means support.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '防 means an embankment. It takes 𨸏 as radical and 方 as phonetic.' [The second character] is pronounced with the fanqie 袁願 [yuàn]. The Guoyu states: 'Serving as the support (援) of the four neighbours.' The Zuozhuan states: 'To establish a great alliance of support,' which is this. The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 'hand' [手] as radical and 爰 as phonetic).

72.29

Fascicle Four

72.30

Sniffing and tasting (齅甞; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 休又 [xiù]. The Analects states: 'He sniffed thrice and arose.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'To approach an odour with the nose. It takes "nose" [鼻] as radical and 臭 as phonetic; 臭 is pronounced with the fanqie 醜獸 [chòu]').

72.31

Sphaṭika (頗胝迦; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 破波 [pō], the middle with 置離 [zhī]. A Sanskrit word [sphaṭika]. Older translations rendered it as 頗黎 [poli]; it resembles rock crystal yet is not rock crystal, though it belongs to that category).

72.32

Eyelid (眼瞼; pronounced with the fanqie 劫奄 [jiǎn]. The Guiyuan zhucong states: '瞼 (jiǎn) is the skin at the rim of the eye.' The Wenzi dianshuo states: '瞼 is the outer skin of the eye.' The Kaosheng states: '瞼 is the eyelid.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 'eye' [目] as radical and 僉 as phonetic; 僉 is pronounced with the fanqie 妾閻 [qiān]').

72.33

Scops owl (鵂鶹; the first character is pronounced like 依 [yī], the second like 留 [liú]. That is, it hides by day and flies by night, named after its call. Some call it the 鵂鶹, a monstrous bird. Both are phonogram characters).

72.34

Hesitating (躊躇; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 宙留 [chóu], the second with 紓廬 [chú]. The Kaosheng states: '躊躇 (chóuchú) means not advancing; it also means pacing back and forth.' The Han shi waizhuan states: 'Scratching one's head and hesitating,' which is this. The Gujin zhengzi states: '躊躇 means being irresolute.' Both take 'foot' [足] as radical, with 壽 and 著 respectively as phonetics).

72.35

Slippery and rough (滑澀; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 還八 [huá]. The Guangya states: '滑 (huá) means pleasant.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '滑 means smooth and sharp. It takes "water" [水] as radical and 骨 as phonetic; 媄 is pronounced 美 [měi].' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 森戢 [sè]. Wang Yi's Commentary on the Chuci states: '澀 (sè) means difficult.' Guo Pu's Commentary on the Fangyan states: '歰 is like stingy or blocked.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '歰 means not slippery. It takes four 止 characters, two upright and two inverted.' It is also written as 濇. In the treatise text, writing it with the "water" radical as 澀 is a vulgar error).

72.36

Coriander flower (荾花; pronounced with the fanqie 髓遺 [suī]. The Kaosheng states: '荾 (suī) refers to coriander (胡荾), the name of a fragrant herb.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '荾 can be used to sweeten the breath. It takes "grass" [艸] as radical and 夋 as phonetic; 夋 is pronounced with the fanqie 七旬 [qūn]').

72.37

Birch wood (樺木; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 華化 [huà]. The Kaosheng states: '樺 (huà) is the name of a tree.' The Zishu writes it as 樗, and also as 檴. The Shuowen jiezi states: '樺 is a tree. It takes "wood" [木] as radical and 華 as phonetic').

72.38

Finger drum-cylinder (指𡕏; pronounced with the fanqie 桑朗 [sǎng]. The Picang states: '𡕏 is the ordinary wood of a drum.' The Wenzi dianshuo states: '𡕏 is the body of a drum. It takes 壺 as radical and 桑 as phonetic; 壺 is pronounced 胡 [hú]').

72.39

Thimble (指𩎽; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 覃蛤 [tà]. The Shenglei writes it as 㧺, meaning a finger-thimble. The Kaosheng states: '𩎽 means the appearance of soft leather; 䪏 is pronounced 納 [nà].' The Gujin zhengzi states: '𩎽 means not perforated. It takes "tanned leather" [韋] as radical and 沓 as phonetic; 沓 has the same pronunciation as above.' It is also written with the "raw hide" radical [革] as 鞜, which is interchangeable).

72.40

Fascicle Five

72.41

Walls and moats (牆壍; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 匠羊 [qiáng]. Gu Yewang states: '牆 (qiáng) means a partition wall.' The Zuozhuan states: 'That people have walls is to screen off wickedness.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '牆 means a wall screen. It takes 嗇 as radical and 爿 as phonetic; 嗇 is pronounced with the fanqie 使力 [shì], and 爿 is pronounced 牆 [qiáng].' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 千艷 [qiàn]. The Guangya states: '壍 (qiàn) means a pit.' Gu Yewang states: 'Nowadays city moats are called 塹.' The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 'earth' [土] as radical and 斬 as phonetic).

72.42

Tooth socket (齒𦠍; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 昂各 [è]. The Kaosheng states: '𦠍 means the tooth-sockets and gums.' The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 谷, pronounced with the fanqie 巨脚 [jué], meaning the opening of the mouth, which is a pictographic character. In the treatise text, writing it as 𦠍 is a vulgar variant transmitted in usage).

72.43

Armpit (手腋; pronounced with the fanqie 盈益 [yè]. The Picang states: 'The 腋 (yè) is behind the elbow.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '腋 is like the armpit (胳). It takes "flesh" [肉] as radical and 夜 as phonetic; 胳 has the phonetic of 各').

72.44

Swallow and chew (吞嚼; pronounced with the fanqie 牆略 [jiáo]. The Huainanzi states: 'Chewing it has no flavour; it cannot go down the throat.' The Guangya states: '嚼 (jiáo) means to eat.' The Wenzi dianshuo states: '嚼 also means to masticate (咀). It takes "mouth" [口] as radical and 爵 as phonetic; 咀 is pronounced with the fanqie 牆預 [jù]').

72.45

Lodestone (礠石; pronounced with the fanqie 字資 [cí]. The Picang states: '礠 is also a stone.' The Gujin zhengzi states: 'Lodestone (礠石) is iron-attracting stone. It takes "stone" [石] as radical and 慈 as phonetic.' It is also written as 磁).

72.46

Fascicle Six

72.47

Reprimand and punish (謫罰; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 嘲革 [zhé]. Du Yu's Commentary on the Zuozhuan states: '讁 (zhé) means to censure.' Jia Kui's Commentary on the Guoyu states: '謫 means to blame.' The Wenzi dianshuo states: '謫 means to reprove, and also to punish. It takes "speech" [言] as radical and 啇 as phonetic; 啇 is pronounced 的 [dì]').

72.48

Brave and ferocious (勇悍; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 容踵 [yǒng]. Gu Yewang states: '勇 (yǒng) refers to being bold and resolute.' The Zuozhuan states: 'To be led by righteousness is called bravery.' The Zhengfa states: 'Knowing death yet not fleeing is called bravery.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 'strength' [力] as radical and 甬 as phonetic; 甬 is pronounced 涌 [yǒng]. In the treatise text, writing it as 勇 is a vulgar error. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 寒旦 [hàn]. The Cangjie pian states: '悍 (hàn) means fierce.' Gu Yewang states: 'Carnivores are brave and ferocious.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '悍 also means brave. It takes "heart" [心] as radical and 旱 as phonetic; 桀 is pronounced with the fanqie 䖍𦽆 [qián]').

72.49

Drowsy and dim-sighted (𧄼瞢; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 騰隥 [dèng], the second with 墨堋 [méng]. The Kaosheng states: '𧀧𧄼 is the appearance of just waking up from sleep; it means muddled; 𧀧 is pronounced 稜 [léng].' Du Yu's Commentary on the Zuozhuan states: '瞢 (méng) means muddled.' The Wenzi dianshuo states: '瞢 means the eyes not seeing clearly. It takes 𦭝 as radical and 旬 as phonetic; 旬 is pronounced with the fanqie 胡絹 [xuàn]').

72.50

Confused and disoriented (瞢憒; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 墨崩 [méng], the second with 瑰對 [kuì]. The Cangjie pian states: '憒 (kuì) is the appearance of confusion.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '憒 also means disorderly. It takes "heart" [心] as radical and 貴 as phonetic').

72.51

Glancing sideways (顧眄; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 眠見 [miàn]. The Fangyan states: 'Between Qin and Jin, to look is called 眄.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '眄 (miàn) means to look askance. It takes "eye" [目] as radical and 丐 as phonetic; 丐 is pronounced with the fanqie 綿淀 [miǎn]').

72.52

Firmly grasp (確執; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 腔角 [què]. Han Kangbo's Commentary on the Book of Changes states: '確 (què) is the appearance of firmness.' The Zitong states: '確 means to strike; it means firm.' The Kaosheng states: '確 is the appearance of being firm and solid. It takes "stone" [石] as radical and 隺 as phonetic; 隺 has the same pronunciation as above').

72.53

Arrogant and unrestrained (傲逸; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 敖誥 [ào]. The Guangya states: '傲 (ào) means haughty.' Du Yu's Commentary on the Zuozhuan states: '傲 means disrespectful.' The Wenzi dianshuo states: 'It means arrogant. It takes "person" [人] as radical and 敖 as phonetic, pronounced with the fanqie 五高 [áo]').

72.54

Banners and signs (幖幟; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 必遙 [biāo], the second with 鴟至 [zhì]. The Guangya states: '幟 (zhì) means a pennant.' The Kaosheng states: '幟 means a sign.' The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 巾 as radical and 戠 (pronounced with the fanqie 蒸食 [zhí]) as phonetic).

72.55

Fascicle Seven

72.56

Dammed river (隁江; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 焉幰 [yǎn]. Gu Yewang states: 'An 隁 (yǎn) is that with which water is stored.' The Kaosheng states: '隁 means to obstruct.' The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 𨸏 as radical and 匽 as phonetic; 匽 has the same pronunciation as above. In the treatise text, writing it as 堰 is a commonly used vulgar character).

72.57

Falling flat (僵仆; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 脚香 [jiāng], the second with 朋北 [pū]. The Kaosheng states: 'To fall forward.' The Shenglei states: '僵 (jiāng) means to collapse.' The Wenzi dianshuo states: '僵 also means to fall prone; to fall prone also means 僵.' Both take "person" [人] as radical, with 畺 and 卜 respectively as phonetics; 畺 has the same pronunciation as above. Written as 仆, it is also pronounced 赴 [fù], with the same gloss as 僨 [fèn; pronounced with the fanqie 甫運]').

72.58

Fascicle Eight

72.59

Uṣṇīṣa-dhātu (殟遮界; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 溫骨 [wēn]. A Sanskrit term).

72.60

A, ā, i, ī (𧙃阿壹伊; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 阿可 [a/k-], the next with 阿箇 [ā], the last with 因逸 [yī]. All are Sanskrit sounds).

72.61

Fascicle Nine (No difficult words to gloss)

72.62

Fascicle Ten

72.63

No excess (無濫; pronounced with the fanqie 藍啖 [làn]. Gu Yewang states: '濫 (làn) also means overflowing.' The Kaosheng states: '濫 means false; it means incautious; it means error; it means usurpation.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '濫 means excessive criticism. It takes "water" [水] as radical and 監 as phonetic').

72.64

Broad or narrow (寬陿; pronounced with the fanqie 咸甲 [xiá]. The Book of Documents states: 'Do not magnify yourself so as to narrow others.' The Zilin states: '陿 (xiá) is like confined.' The Wenzi dianshuo states: '陿 means pressed, confined, and not broad. It takes 𨸏 as radical and 匧 as phonetic; 匧 is pronounced with the fanqie 謙叶 [xié]').

72.65

Fascicle Eleven

72.66

Pedicel of a flower (花蔕; pronounced with the fanqie 丁計 [dì]. The Kaosheng states: 'The 蔕 (dì) is where a fruit connects back to its leaf.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'The 蔕 is the stem of melons and fruits. It takes "grass" [艸] as radical and 帶 [as phonetic]').

72.67

Alas! (咄哉; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 敦骨 [duō]. The Kaosheng states: '咄 (duō) means a sigh; it means to scold.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '咄 means to utter words to address one another. It takes "mouth" [口] as radical and 出 as phonetic').

72.68

Discard the world (撥世; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 般末 [bō]. The Zuozhuan states: '撥 (bō) is like cutting off.' The Kaosheng states: '撥 means to reject; it means to eliminate.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '撥 means to govern. It takes "hand" [手] as radical and 發 as phonetic').

72.69

Dry (乾燥; pronounced with the fanqie 蘇到 [zào]. The Book of Changes states: 'Fire seeks what is dry.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 'fire' [火] as radical and 喿 as phonetic; 喿 has the same pronunciation as above).

72.70

Not overcooked (不爛; pronounced with the fanqie 闌旦 [làn]. The Lüshi chunqiu states: 'Cooked yet not mushy.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '爛 (làn) also means well-cooked. It takes "fire" [火] as radical and 闌 as phonetic').

72.71

Soaking and moistening (浸潤: the first character [浸] is fanqie 子泌 [zì]. Gu Yewang says: "浸 (soak) is like gradually moistening." He also says: "浸 means sinking/steeping." Character dictionaries sometimes write it as 𥧲 or as 浸. The Wenzidian shuo says: "浸 refers to what is poured by drawing water." It is formed with the water radical [水] and 𠬶 as phonetic; 𠬶 has the fanqie 且荏 [qiě]).

72.72

Feeble strength (力羸: [羸 is] fanqie 累危 [léi]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "羸 is like weak." Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "羸 means sick." The Guangya says: "羸 means exhausted." Character dictionaries say: "羸 means fatigued." The Shuowen says: "羸 means emaciated." It is formed with the sheep radical [羊] and 𣎆 as phonetic; 𣎆 has the fanqie 盧和 [luó]).

72.73

Fascicle 12

72.74

Barely giving rise to the mind [of awakening] (纔發心: the first character [纔] is fanqie 昨來 [cái]. The Kaosheng says: "纔 means temporarily." Gu Yewang says: "纔 is like barely; its pronunciation is close [to 僅]." The Gujin zhengzi says: "纔 means shallow." It is formed with the silk radical [糸] and 毚 as phonetic; 毚 has the fanqie 士咸 [chán]).

72.75

As if greasy (若膩: [膩 is] fanqie 尼利 [nì]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "膩 means slippery." The Kaosheng says: "膩 means having fat or grime." The Shuowen says: "Fat and greasy." It is formed with the flesh radical [肉] and 貳 as phonetic).

72.76

Eggshell (卵𣫘: [𣫘 is] fanqie 腔角 [què]. The Kaosheng says: "An empty eggshell." This refers to its form transforming and leaving behind an empty shell. The Guiyuan zhucang says: "The husk or membrane; namely, the outer shell of a bird's egg." The Gujin zhengzi says it is formed with the egg radical [卵] and 𣪊 as phonetic; [穀-(一/禾)] has the same pronunciation as above).

72.77

Moths and mosquitoes (蛾蚊: the first character [蛾] is fanqie 五何 [é]. The Da Dai Liji says: "Insects that eat mulberry leaves produce silk and become moths." The Kaosheng says: "A flying insect; it refers to an insect that transforms its shape and flies." The Shuowen says it is formed with the insect radical [虫] and 我 as phonetic. The second character [蚊] is fanqie 武分 [wén]; it is a popular character form. The Zitong says it is written as 𧊈, a flying insect that bites people. The Shuowen says it is formed with the insect radical [虫] and 民 as phonetic. The treatise text uses 蚊, which is commonly used as a popular form).

72.78

House centipedes (蚰蜒: the first character [蚰] is fanqie 以周 [yóu]; the second character [蜒] is fanqie 以旃 [yán]. The Fangyan says: "From east of the Pass they call them 螾蜒." The Shuowen says: "蚰蜒 is also called 蝘蜒." Both are formed with the insect radical [虫], with 由 and 延 as phonetics; 螾 is pronounced 引 [yǐn], and 蝘 is pronounced 蝘 [yǎn]).

72.79

Fascicle 13

72.80

Inchworm (蚇蠖: [蠖 is] fanqie 注郭 [zhuò]. Guo's commentary on the Erya says: "It is the 蝍𧑙." The Zhouyi says: "The inchworm coils up in order to stretch out." The Shuowen says: "The inchworm is an insect that bends and stretches." It is formed with the insect radical [虫] and 蒦 as phonetic, with the fanqie 于𭸴; 蝍 is pronounced 即 [jí], and 𧑙 is fanqie 子六 [zú]).

72.81

Ambaganda (頞縛界: the first character [頞] is fanqie 安漢 [àn]. A Sanskrit word).

72.82

Left flank (左脅: [脅 is] fanqie 杴業 [xié]. The Zuozhuan says: "Heard of his fused ribs." The Kaosheng says: "The flank is the ribs." The Shuowen says: "The flank is at the two sides [of the body]." It is formed with the flesh radical [肉] and 劦 as phonetic; 劦 is pronounced 叶 [xié], and 肋 is pronounced 勒 [lè]).

72.83

Whirlwind (風飃: [飃 is] fanqie 匹標 [piāo]. Guo's commentary on the Erya says: "A violently rising wind." The Shijing says: "It is not the wind that whirls." The Shuowen says: "A whirling wind." It is formed with the wind radical [風] and 票 as phonetic; 票 has the fanqie 必遙 [biāo]. The treatise text uses 飄, which is commonly used).

72.84

Fascicle 14 (No characters requiring phonetic glossing)

72.85

Fascicle 15

72.86

Chewing and masticating (咀嚼: the first character [咀] is fanqie 才與 [jǔ]. The Shanglin fu says: "Chewing water caltrops and lotus roots." The Cangjiepian says: "咀 is like chewing." The Shuowen says: "咀 means savouring in the mouth." It is formed with the mouth radical [口] and 且 as phonetic, and is sometimes written as 齟. The second character [嚼] is fanqie 牆略 [jué], which was already glossed above in Fascicle 5).

72.87

Not grasping (不攬: [攬 is] fanqie 勒敢 [lǎn]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "攬 means holding." Gu Yewang says: "攬 means taking hold of things and drawing them into categories." The Gujin zhengzi says: "攬 means pinching and grasping." It is formed with the hand radical [手] and 覽 as phonetic; 覽 has the same pronunciation as above. It is also written as 㩜, and in ancient script as 擥).

72.88

Mutually (互相: the first character [互] is fanqie 胡故 [hù]. Gu Yewang says: "互 means alternating and successive." The Kaosheng says: "互 is like interacting." The Shuowen says: "A frame that can wind ropes." It is a pictographic character, depicting hands pushing and grasping in the middle. The ancient script writes it as 䇘, used identically).

72.89

Blinking movement (瞬動: the first character [瞬] is fanqie 水閏 [shùn]; it is a popular character form. Zhuangzi says: "Looking all day without blinking an eye." The Shuowen writes it as 瞚: "Frequent fluttering of the eyes opening and closing." It is formed with the eye radical [目] and 寅 as phonetic).

72.90

Suddenly (欻然: the first character [欻] is fanqie 熏鬱 [xū]. Xue Zong's commentary on the Xijing fu says: "欻 means suddenly." The Wenzidian shuo says: "欻 denotes the appearance of rising up suddenly." The Shuowen says: "Something blown upward." It is formed with the yawn radical [欠] and 炎 as phonetic).

72.91

Fascicle 16

72.92

Coiled up (蟠結: the first character [蟠] is fanqie 扶瞞 [pán]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "蟠 is like coiling and knotting." Gu Yewang says: "蟠 means winding and twisting around." The Guangya says: "蟠 means following a curve." The Fangyan says: "A dragon that has not yet ascended to heaven is called a coiled dragon (panlong)." The Shuowen says it is formed with the insect radical [虫], and 番 has the pronunciation 幡 [fān]).

72.93

Like a round granary (如篅: [篅 is] fanqie 是專 [chuán]. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says: "篅 is a 𥫱, pronounced 鈍 [dùn]." The Kaosheng says: "篅 is a bamboo granary." The Shuowen says: "篅 is a round container made of bamboo for holding grain." It is formed with the bamboo radical [竹] and 耑 as phonetic; it is also written as 圌, used identically; 耑 is pronounced 端 [duān]).

72.94

Khadiraka (朅地洛迦: the first character [朅] is fanqie 騫蘖 [qiān]. Sanskrit; it is the name of one of the seven golden mountains).

72.95

Kurava continent (矩拉婆洲: the first character [矩] is fanqie 俱宇 [jǔ]; the second character [拉] is fanqie 藍荅 [là]. Sanskrit).

72.96

Hot ashes (煻煨: the first character [煻] is fanqie 蕩郎 [táng]; the second character [煨] is fanqie 烏迴 [wēi]. The Kaosheng says: "煻 is ash mixed with tiny embers." The Wenzidian shuo says: "Cinders and burnt remnants." Both are formed with the fire radical [火], with 唐 and 畏 as their phonetics).

72.97

Marking with an inked cord (索拼: the first character [索] is fanqie 喪作 [suǒ]. Gu Yewang says: "A twined cord is called a 索." The Chuci says: "Combining fine threads into a cord." Master Dai says: "Ten xun make a cord." The Gujin zhengzi says it is formed with the silk radical [糸] and [孛-子] as phonetic; [孛-子] has the fanqie 甫勿 [fù]. The second character [拼] is fanqie 補庚 [bēng]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "拼 means to employ." The Kaosheng says: "拼 means to snap/flick." The Yunquan says: "To stretch a cord and snap the inkline." The Erya says: "拼 means to follow." The Gujin zhengzi says it is formed with the hand radical [手] and 并 as phonetic).

72.98

Rafts and rapids (槎瀨: the first character [槎] is fanqie 乍沙 [chá]. The Kaosheng says: "A 槎 is driftwood floating in the water." The Gujin zhengzi says it is formed with the wood radical [木] and 差 as phonetic; the scripture text writes it as 楂, which is the same. The second character [瀨] is fanqie 來帶 [lài]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "A 瀨 is a rushing rapid." The Hanshu says: "Wu and Chu call it a 瀨." The Gujin zhengzi says: "A 瀨 is water flowing over sand." It is formed with the water radical [水] and 賴 as phonetic).

72.99

Foul and astringent (臭澀: the first character [臭] is fanqie 醜狩 [chòu]. The Shuowen says: "That beasts track by scent and know their traces is due to dogs; hence it is formed from 'dog' [犬] and 'nose' [自], 自 being the ancient character for nose." It is an ideogrammatic compound. The second character [澀] is fanqie 森戢 [sè], which was already fully explained above in Fascicle 4).

72.100

Sharp beak (㭰利: [㭰 is] fanqie 足髓 [zuǐ]. The Wenzidian shuo says: "㭰 means a bird's beak." It is formed with the thorn radical [朿] and 此 as phonetic. The treatise text uses 觜, which is interchangeable. 朿 has the fanqie 七四 [cì]).

72.101

Sipping food (𠯗食: the first character [𠯗] is fanqie 昝荅 [zá]. The Zitong says: "Entering the mouth is called 𠯗." The Kaosheng says: "𠯗 means sucking." It is also written as 唼 or as 𠾱. The Shuowen says it is formed with the mouth radical [口] and 帀 as phonetic; 帀 has the same pronunciation as above).

72.102

Sharp (銛利: the first character [銛] is fanqie 息閻 [xiān]. The Hanshu yinyi says: "銛 also means sharp." The Cangjiepian says: "銛 means pointed (鑯)." 鑯 is fanqie 子廉 [jiān]. The Kaosheng says: "銛 means the edge of a sword or knife." The Wenzidian shuo says: "Keen and sharp." It is formed with the metal radical [金] and 舌 as phonetic).

72.103

Spotted black (烏駮: [駮 is] fanqie 邦邈 [bó]. The Wenzidian shuo says: "駮 means dappled markings." It is formed with the horse radical [馬] and 交 as phonetic).

72.104

Gnawing the head (齧首: the first character [齧] is fanqie 斫結 [niè]. The Liji says: "Do not gnaw bones." The Shuowen says: "齧 means to bite." It is formed with the teeth radical [齒] and 㓞 as phonetic; 㓞 has the fanqie 乙黠 [yà]).

72.105

Biting the foot (齩足: the first character [齩] is fanqie 樂狡 [yǎo]. The Shuowen says: "齩 also means to gnaw." It is formed with the teeth radical [齒] and 交 as phonetic).

72.106

Biting into the neck (䶗頸: the first character [䶗] is fanqie 客牙 [kǎ]. The Guangya says: "䶗 means gnawing." The Picang says: "To bite hard." The Wenzidian shuo says: "䶗 means to bite." It is formed with the teeth radical [齒] and 可 as phonetic).

72.107

Tearing the belly-fat (擘腴: the first character [擘] is fanqie 拼革 [bò]. Gu Yewang says: "Ripping open with the hands." The Guangya says: "擘 means to divide." The Wenzidian shuo says: "擘 means tearing open." It is formed with the hand radical [手] and 辟 as phonetic. The second character [腴] is fanqie 庾朱 [yú]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "腴 means fat." The Shuowen says: "腴 is the fat on the lower belly." It is formed with the flesh radical [肉] and 臾 as phonetic; 臾 has the same pronunciation as above).

72.108

Ripping open the belly (爴腹: the first character [爴] is fanqie 歸碧 [guì]. Checking the classics, histories, and various character dictionaries, none has this character 爴. Judging from the meaning of '爴腹' in the treatise text, it means tearing open the belly with one's claws).

72.109

Plucking out the heart (搯心: the first character [搯] is fanqie 討刀 [tāo]. The Zhoushu says: "Drawing weapons and baring blades (搯刃)." The Kaosheng says: "搯 means taking." The Shuowen says: "搯 means [按-女+(口/口)] (to grasp), pronounced 一活 [yà]." It is formed with the hand radical [手] and 舀 as phonetic; 舀 has the fanqie 遙小 [yǎo]).

72.110

Snatching and pulling (摣掣: the first character [摣] is fanqie 鮓沙 [zhā]. The Kaosheng says: "摣 means taking." It is also written as 𰭭, 𰭮, or [(虎-儿+目)*又], all the same. The Gujin zhengzi says: "Seizing with claws." It is formed with the hand radical [手] and 虘 as phonetic; 虘 has the fanqie 昨何 [zuó]. The second character [掣] is fanqie 闡勢 [chè]. The Kaosheng says: "掣 means pulling suddenly." The Wenzidian shuo says it is formed with the hand radical [手] and 制 as phonetic; it is also written as 摯 or 𢊏, both the same).

72.111

Piercing and stabbing (鑱刺: the first character [鑱] is fanqie 仕衫 [chán]. Gu Yewang says: "鑱 refers to piercing with a needle or blade." The Cangjiepian says: "鑱 is a chisel." The Guangya says: "鑱 is called a spear (鈹)." 鈹 is fanqie 普皮 [pī]. The Wenzidian shuo says: "鑱 means stabbing with an awl or knife." It is formed with the metal radical [金] and 毚 as phonetic; 毚 has the same pronunciation as above. The second character [刺] is fanqie 青迹 [cì]. Gu Yewang says: "刺 refers to thrusting a sharp instrument into human flesh." The Kaosheng says: "刺 means thrusting with a blade." The Wenzidian shuo says: "刺 is like killing." It is formed with the knife radical [刀] and 朿 as phonetic; 朿 has the fanqie 匕四 [bì]).

72.112

Searching and pecking (探啄: the first character [探] is fanqie 塔南 [tàn]. The Erya says: "探 means snatching and seizing." The Shenglei says: "探 means reaching deep to take." The Shuowen says: "Taking from afar." It is formed with the hand radical [手] and 罙 as phonetic; 罙 has the fanqie 大感 [dàn]. The second character [啄] is fanqie 竹角 [zhuó]. The Shijing says: "Do not peck my millet." The Guangya says: "啄 means biting." The Shuowen says: "啄 is the way birds eat." It is formed with the mouth radical [口] and 豖 as phonetic; 豖 has the fanqie 丑錄 [chù]).

72.113

Knives and spears (刀槍: the second character [槍] is fanqie 鵲將 [qiāng]. The Guoyu says: "Holding his spear under his arm." The Cangjiepian says: "A spear is a wooden pole sharpened at both ends." The Shuowen says: "A spear is a sharp defensive pole." It is formed with the wood radical [木] and 倉 as phonetic; 挾 is pronounced 叶 [xié]).

72.114

Ward off and defend (禦捍: the second character [捍] is fanqie 寒旦 [hàn]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "捍 means to guard; 捍 also means to ward off." The Shuowen says: "捍 means to protect against." It is formed with the hand radical [手] and 旱 as phonetic).

72.115

Hahava (𦞦婆: the first character [𦞦] is fanqie 訶各 [hè]. Sanskrit; in Chinese it is the name of one of the eight cold hells).

72.116

Blisters bursting (疱烈: [疱 is] fanqie 云炮 [páo] in shape. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says: "疱 is a sore on the face caused by trapped qi." The Shuowen writes it as 皰, the same; it is formed with the skin radical [皮] and 包 as phonetic).

72.117

Analyse and dissect (剖析: the first character [剖] is fanqie 普口 [pǒu]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "剖 is like dividing." Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "Dividing in the middle is called 剖." The Cangjiepian says: "剖 also means to split." The Wenzidian shuo says: "To judge or sever." It is formed with the knife radical [刀] and 咅 as phonetic, with the fanqie 他口 [tǒu]. The second character [析] is fanqie 星積 [xī], which was already fully glossed above in Fascicle 2).

72.118

Contradictory and false (乖訛: the second character [訛] is fanqie 五戈 [é]. Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says: "訛 means false." Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "訛 means false words." It is formed with the speech radical [言] and 化 as phonetic; it is also written as 譌, with the same meaning).

72.119

Trampling and treading (踐躡: the first character [踐] is fanqie 前翦 [jiǎn]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "踐 means treading upon." Zheng's commentary on the Lunyu says: "To walk on." The Wenzidian shuo says: "To stomp on." It is formed with the foot radical [足] and 戔 as phonetic; 戔 has the fanqie 殘 [cán]. The second character [躡] is fanqie 黏輙 [niè]. The Fangyan says: "躡 means ascending." The Cangjiepian says: "To step (蹀)." 蹀 has the fanqie 牒 [dié]. The Guangya says: "躡 means walking." The Wenzidian shuo says: "To step on." It is formed with the foot radical [足] and 聶 as phonetic; 聶 has the same pronunciation as above).

72.120

Square (畟方: the first character [畟] is fanqie 初色 [chè]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "畟 is like tilting." Gu Yewang says: "Exactly square." The Gujin zhengzi says it is formed from 'field' [田] and 'person' [人], with 反 as phonetic).

72.121

Vying for supremacy (捔勝: the first character [捔] is fanqie 江岳 [jué]. The Kaosheng says: "捔 means seeking exclusive gain; it also means taking briefly, or measuring." Character dictionaries also write it as 搉. The Shuowen says: "捔 also means striking." It is formed with the hand radical [手] and 角 as phonetic).

72.122

Fascicle 17

72.123

Nits and lice (蟣蝨: the first character [蟣] is fanqie 居𮨜 [jǐ]. The Kaosheng says: "A 蟣 is a louse's egg." The Shuowen says: "A louse is an insect that bites people." It is formed with the insect pair radical [䖵] and 卂 as phonetic; 䖵 is pronounced 昆 [kūn], and 卂 is pronounced 信 [xìn]. The treatise text uses 虱, which is commonly used as a popular form).

72.124

Highland barley (穬麥: the first character [穬] is fanqie 虢猛 [kuàng]. The Cangjiepian says: "穬 is millet." The Guangwuzhi says: "Non-glutinous rice has a black variety called black 穬." 秔 has the fanqie 古衡 [gēng]. The Shuowen says: "穬 is awned grain." It is formed with the grain radical [禾] and 廣 as phonetic).

72.125

Clamour and contention (諠諍: the first character [諠] is fanqie 毀袁 [xuān]. The Shenglei says: "諠 means clamour." Gu Yewang says: "諠 means noisy shouting." The Wenzidian shuo says it is formed with the speech radical [言] and 宣 as phonetic. The second character [諍] is fanqie 責更 [zhèng]. Gu Yewang says: "諍 is nowadays used as 爭 (contend)." Character dictionaries say: "To remonstrate." The Kaosheng says: "諍 is like arguing words." The Shuowen says: "To stop by disputing." It is formed with the speech radical [言] and 爭 as phonetic).

72.126

Rhinoceros horn (麟角: the first character [麟] is fanqie 栗珍 [lín]. It has already been fully explained above in the Sounds and Meanings of the Ratnakūṭa).

72.127

Fascicle 18 and Fascicle 19 (Both have no characters requiring phonetic glossing or explanation)

72.128

Fascicle 20

72.129

Mute sheep (瘂羊: the first character [瘂] is fanqie 鵶雅 [yǎ]. The Picang says: "瘂 means mute." The Kaosheng says: "瘂 means being unable to speak." It is also written as 𤺘. The Shuowen says it is formed with the sickness radical [疒] and 亞 as phonetic; 疒 has the fanqie 女厄 [nè]).

72.130

Nets and snares 罝弶 (The first character has the fanqie 即邪 [jū]. The Shijing says: 'Carefully placed are the rabbit-traps.' The commentary says: 'A ju is a rabbit-snare.' Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya says: 'Ju is like zhe, "to obstruct".' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'It is composed of "net" (罒) with "qie" (且) phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 強向 [jiàng]. The Wenzidian shuo states: 'Jiang refers to setting a snare along a path.' It is composed of "bow" (弓) with "jing" (京) phonetic.)

72.131

Mocking and censuring 譏刺 (The first character has the fanqie 斷希 [jī]. He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: 'Ji is like qian, "to blame".' Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji says: 'To reprimand and scrutinize.' The Guangya says: 'To admonish; to interrogate; also to censure.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'It is composed of "speech" (言) with "ji" (幾) phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 雌四 [cì]. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: 'Ci means to reprimand.' The Kaosheng says: 'Ci also means to mock, to slander.' The Shuowen states: 'It is composed of "knife" (刀) with "ci" (朿) phonetic.' Ci (朿) has the same sound as above. In the treatise it is written as 刾, which is a popular variant.)

72.132

Fierce and unruly 兇勃 (The first character has the fanqie 勗恭 [xiōng]. It is composed of "table" (几) with "xiong" (凶) phonetic. In the treatise it is written as 龱, which is an error. The second character has the fanqie 盆沒 [bó]. The Kaosheng says: 'Bo means anger.' The Erya says: 'Bo means to arise.' Gu Yewang says: 'Bo means sudden flourishing.' Zheng Zhong's commentary on the Liji says: 'Rebellious.' The Fangyan says: 'Disorderly.' The Shuowen says: 'To push aside.' It is composed of "strength" (力) with "bei" (孛) phonetic. Bei has the same sound as above. In the treatise it is written with "fu" (孚) as 㔜, which is incorrect.)

72.133

Fascicle Twenty-One

72.134

Ṣaṇḍha 扇搋 (The second character has the fanqie 坼加 [chā]. A Sanskrit word; one lacking male sexual organs.)

72.135

Pits and trenches 坑阱 (The first character has the fanqie 客耕 [kēng]. The Cangjiepian says: 'Keng means a ravine.' The Kaosheng says: 'Keng means a pit.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'A moat.' It is composed of "earth" (土) with "kang" (亢) phonetic. Kang is pronounced gāng. The second character has the fanqie 情郢 [jǐng]. The Guangya says: 'Jing is also a pit.' The Kaosheng says: 'To dig into the ground to trap beasts.' The Shuowen states: 'It is composed of "mound" (𨸏) with "jing" (井) phonetic.' In the treatise it is written as 穽, which is a popular variant; it is also written as 弊 or 汬, which are ancient variants.)

72.136

Wrinkled face 面皺 (The second character has the fanqie 鄒救 [zhòu]. The Kaosheng says: 'Zhou means gathering of the skin.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'Loose skin.' It is composed of "skin" (皮) with "chu" (芻) phonetic. Chu has the fanqie 測俱 [chū].)

72.137

Fascicle Twenty-Two

72.138

Snakes and scorpions 蛇蠍 (The first character has the fanqie 射遮 [shé]. The Kaosheng says: 'The snake is a venomous reptile.' It is also pronounced tuó. In ancient times when people lived in nests and dwelled in caves, they would greet each other asking, 'Did no snakes come last night?' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'It is composed of "insect/reptile" (虫) with "ta" (它), pronounced tuó, phonetic.' In the treatise it is written as 虵, which is a popular form today and also acceptable. The second character has the fanqie 軒謁 [xiē]. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'Xie means poisonous.' The Guangya says: 'Xie means stinging insects.' The Boya says: 'Stinging insects inject venom.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'Chai and xie are different names [for the same creature].' It is composed of "insect" (虫) with "xie" (歇) phonetic. Xie has the same sound as above. Chai (蠆) has the fanqie 𡍩界 [chài]; qu (蛆) has the fanqie 七余 [qū]; shi (螫) has the fanqie 式亦 [shì].)

72.139

Stubborn and intractable 𢤱戾 (The first character has the fanqie 聾董 [lǒng]. The second character has the fanqie 黎帝 [lì]. The meaning in the treatise is the appearance of being unyielding and obstinate.)

72.140

Fascicle Twenty-Three

72.141

Sowing and reaping 稼穡 (The first character has the fanqie 加暇 [jià]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Zhouli says: 'Sowing the five grains is called jia.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'The flowering of grain is jia.' It is composed of "grain" (禾) with "jia" (家) phonetic. The second character has the fanqie 生側 [sè]. Zheng Xuan's gloss on the Shijing says: 'Collecting the harvest is called se.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'The harvesting done by Houji.' The Shuowen states: 'Grain that can be harvested is called se.' It is composed of "grain" (禾) with "se" (嗇) phonetic.)

72.142

Barren and stony ground 磽确 (The first character has the fanqie 巧交 [qiāo]. The second character has the fanqie 腔角 [què]. Gu Yewang says: 'Qiao means hard.' Mencius says: 'The soil is rich or barren,' this is it. The Huainanzi says: 'Contending to dwell on barren ground.' The Shenglei says: 'Qiaoque means thin, hard, and rocky.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'Que means lean and barren land.' The Shuowen states: 'Qiao and que also mean rocky and thin.' Both are composed of "stone" (石) with "yao" (堯) and "jiao" (角) as their respective phonetics. Qiao (礊) has the fanqie 口戹 [kè].)

72.143

Spicy fruit 果辢 (The second character has the fanqie 闌怛 [là]. The Guiyuan zhucong says: 'La means pungent.' The Kaosheng says: 'La means extremely pungent.' The Gujin zhengzi states that it is composed of "pungent" (辛) with "ci" (朿) phonetic.)

72.144

Down to the present 迄今 (The first character has the fanqie 欣訖 [qì]. The Shijing says: 'Reaching down to the present day.' The Erya says: 'Qi means to reach.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'It is composed of "movement" (辵) with "qi" (乞) phonetic.' Chuo (辵) is pronounced chǒu-lüè.)

72.145

Twin blisters 皰雙 (The first character has the fanqie 炮皃 [pào]. It has already been fully explained in the preceding Fascicle Sixteen.)

72.146

Fascicle Twenty-Four

72.147

Gaṅgā 殑伽 (Sanskrit word. The first character has the fanqie 鯨拯 [gìng]; the second character has the fanqie 鯨佉 [gā].)

72.148

Connecting phrases 緝句 (The first character has the fanqie 侵入 [qī]. Zheng Xuan's gloss on the Shijing says: 'Qi means to continue.' The Shijing says: 'Majestic was King Wen, / Continuing his brilliance and reverently dwelling in it.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'Qi means to spin [silk].' It is composed of "silk" (糸) with "qi" (咠) phonetic. Qi (咠) has the fanqie 侵習 [qì].)

72.149

Fascicle Twenty-Five

72.150

Torrents 瀑流 (The first character has the fanqie 袍㡌 [bào]. The Wenzidian shuo states: 'The surging and rushing of waters in rivers and streams.' The Shuowen says: 'Sudden rain.' It is composed of "water" (水) with "bao" (暴) phonetic. Bao has the same sound as above.)

72.151

Airāvaṇa 藹羅伐拏 (The first character has the fanqie 哀改 [ǎi]; the fourth character has the fanqie 搦加 [ná]. In Sanskrit, it is the name of a nāga king.)

72.152

Fascicle Twenty-Six (No difficult characters to gloss or annotate)

72.153

Fascicle Twenty-Seven

72.154

Loose yoke 流軶 (The second character has the fanqie 鸎革 [è]. The Kaogongji in the Zhouli says: 'The wheelwrights make the carriage yoke six feet in length.' Guo Pu says: 'The wood at the end of the shaft that rests upon the ox's neck.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'The curved piece of wood upon the neck of an ox.' It is composed of "carriage" (車) with "e" (戹) phonetic. E has the same sound as above. In the treatise it is written as 軛, which is a popular variant.)

72.155

Impetuous and sharp 躁利 (The first character has the fanqie 遭譟 [zào]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Lunyu says: 'Zao means not calm and quiet.' The Kaosheng says: 'Zao means hasty-tempered; also restless movement.' The Posthumous Title Rules state: 'Fondness for altering and stirring people up is called zao.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'It is composed of "foot" (足) with "zao" (喿) phonetic.' Zao (喿) has the fanqie 搔竈 [sào].)

72.156

Incapable 不耐 (The second character has the fanqie 乃代 [nài]. The Zuozhuan says: 'And they were incapable of tolerating each other.' Gu Yewang says: 'Nai is like neng, "capable".' The Kaosheng says: 'To endure.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'Measures and laws all follow the cun; measuring by the inch (cun) does not exceed its standard.' It is composed of ér (而) and cùn (寸).)

72.157

Unversed 不諳 (The second character has the fanqie 暗含 [ān]. The Dongguan Hanji says: 'He knew thoroughly the exact number of all the shoots in the parklands and mausoleums.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'An means to be familiar with.' It is composed of "speech" (言) with "yin" (音) phonetic.)

72.158

Concealed 匿巳 (The first character has the fanqie 女力 [nì]. The Zhouli says: 'Investigating military concealment.' Du Yu's commentary on the Chunqiu says: 'Ni also means to hide.' The Guangya says: 'Ni means to conceal.' The Shuowen states: 'Ni means to abscond.' It is composed of "hiding-place" (𠃊) covered by "one" (一), with "ruo" (若) phonetic. 𠃊 has the sound yǐn.)

72.159

Fascicle Twenty-Eight

72.160

Drowsy and dim 𧄼瞢 (The first character is pronounced téng; the second character has the fanqie 墨堋 [méng]. It has already been fully glossed and explained in the preceding Fascicle Seven.)

72.161

Slow and dull 遲鈍 (The second character has the fanqie 突頓 [dùn]. Gu Yewang says: 'Dun also means slow.' The Shiji mentions 'the stubborn and dull among the superiors.' The Shuowen states: 'Dun also means stubborn; dull in mind.' It is composed of "metal" (金) with "tun" (屯) phonetic.)

72.162

Fascicle Twenty-Nine

72.163

Bruised and stagnant blood 𤯝瘀 (The second character has the fanqie 於據 [yù]. The Kaosheng says: 'Yu refers to clotted blood in the flesh and skin.' The Shuowen says: 'Yu also means accumulated blood.' It is composed of "sickness" (疒) with "yu" (於) phonetic. 疒 has the fanqie 女革 [nì].)

72.164

Swollen and bloated 胮脹 (The first character has the fanqie 璞邦 [pāng]. The Picang says: 'Pang also means bloated.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'It is composed of "flesh" (肉) with "jiang" (夅) phonetic.' Jiang is pronounced hù-dōng. In the treatise it is written with "pang" (逄) as 𮌨, which is a popular variant. The second character has the fanqie 張亮 [zhàng]. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: 'Zhang means abdominal fullness.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'It is composed of "flesh" (肉) with "chang" (長) phonetic.')

72.165

Expelling and banishing 驅擯 (The second character has the fanqie 必仞 [bìn]. Sima Biao's commentary on the Zhuangzi says: 'Bin means to reject.' The Shiji says: 'Mutually repelling and banishing.' The Wenzidian shuo states: 'It is composed of "hand" (手) with "bin" (賓) phonetic.')

72.166

Bellows sack 𩍁囊 (The first character has the fanqie 脾拜 [bài]. Gu Yewang says: 'A bai is a bag used to blow forge fires to make them flare up.' The Picang writes it with "leather" (韋) as 𩏕. The Wenzidian shuo states: 'A bai is a leather bag for blowing fire.' It is composed of "leather" (韋) with "bi" (𤰈) phonetic. Bi (𤰈) has the fanqie 皮祕 [bì]. In the treatise it is written as 㰆, which is not found in the Gujin zhengzi.)

72.167

Hip and thigh 髖髀 (The first character has the fanqie 欵官 [kuān]. The Picang says: 'Kuan means the buttocks.' The Kaosheng says: 'The bone of the buttocks and thighs.' The Shuowen says: 'The kuan is above the thigh.' It is composed of "bone" (骨) with "kuan" (寬) phonetic; it is also written with "flesh" (肉) as 臗, with the same meaning. Kao (尻) has the fanqie 考高 [kāo]; bi (䏶) is pronounced bì. The second character has the fanqie 瓶米 [bì]. The Yunquan says: 'The bi is the thigh; the inner side is called gu, the outer side is called bi.' The Liji says: 'Do not lean upon one thigh.' The Shuowen says: 'The bi is on the outer side of the thigh.' It is composed of "bone" (骨) with "bei" (卑) phonetic; it is also written as 䠋 in ancient script; popularly it is written as 䏶.)

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一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese