續一切經音義 9

English (machine translation) 9

Language: English

9.1

Compiled by the Śramaṇa Xilin of Chongren Monastery in Yanjing

Continued pronunciations for:
Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya Saṃghabhedavastu, twenty fascicles;
Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya Pravrajyāvastu, five fascicles;
Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya Carmavastu, two fascicles;
Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya Varṣāvastu, one fascicle;
Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya Kaṭhinavastu, one fascicle;
Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya Pravāraṇāvastu, one fascicle.

9.3

The above six scriptures in thirty fascicles have their pronunciations continued in this fascicle.

9.4

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya Saṃghabhedavastu, Fascicle One

9.5

Bhagavat (薄伽梵: also written as 薄伽伴; anciently as 婆伽婆; correctly as 婆誐𮢥; formerly translated as 'World-Honoured One' (世尊), because both mundane and supramundane realms revere him. The Treatise on the Great Perfection of Wisdom says that the Tathāgata's revered titles are immeasurable in number, but briefly speaking there are six kinds. A verse in the Buddhabhūmi-śāstra states: 'Sovereignty, flourishing, and elegance, / Fame, auspiciousness, and reverence: / These six distinct meanings / Should be known as collectively named Bhagavat.' Because it encompasses multiple meanings, the translator retained only the Sanskrit term).

9.6

Noble lineage and clan (胄族: the first character is [pronounced with the] fanqie [initial and final of] 直 and 又; the Book of Documents says 'I order you to oversee music and educate the noble sons'; Kong's Commentary says that 'zhòu' means eldest, referring to the eldest sons down to the sons and younger brothers of ministers and grand masters; the Zilin says descendants; the Shuowen says it takes 'yóu' and the phonetic 'yuè'; 'yuè' is pronounced with the fanqie [initial and final of] 上 and 報. The second character is [pronounced with the] fanqie [initial and final of] 昨 and 木; the Yunquan says ancestral clan; the Erya says the cousin of one's father or grandfather is a clan great-grandfather, and the wife of the cousin of one's father is a clan great-grandmother; it also says that the sons of clan brothers call one another relatives of the same surname; Guo Pu's commentary says that relatives of the same surname have no formal mourning degrees).

9.7

Chaff and filth (糠穢: the first character is [pronounced with the] fanqie [initial and final of] 苦 and 崗; the Yupian says it is the skin of rice; it is also written as 穅, the character being identical; the Shuowen says it is the husk of grain; it takes the 'grain' radical and the phonetic 'kāng'. The second character is [pronounced with the] fanqie [initial and final of] 於 and 廢; the Qieyun says it means bad; character dictionaries say mixed filth; Gu Yewang says impure; it is also written as 薉, with identical pronunciation and gloss).

9.8

Marrying and taking a wife (嫁娶: the first character is [pronounced with the] fanqie [initial and final of] 古 and 訝; character dictionaries say that 'jià' means going to a home; the Kaosheng says a woman marrying is called 'returning'; the 'Explaining Kinship' section of the Erya says those born of the same lineage are maternal aunts; Guo's Commentary says it means they have both already married out. The second character is [pronounced with the] fanqie [initial and final of] 七 and 句; the Guangyun says taking a wife; the Gongyang Commentary says when feudal lords take a wife from one state, two states send brides accompanying her as handmaidens; the Erya says 'yìng' means escorting, pronounced 'yùn'; 'qǔ' takes the 'woman' radical and the phonetic 'qǔ').

9.9

Sluggish and lazy (慵嬾: the first character is [pronounced with the] fanqie [initial and final of] 蜀 and 容; the Shuowen says it means indolent; character dictionaries say it also means lazy. The second character is [pronounced with the] fanqie [initial and final of] 落 and 旱; the Qieyun writes it as 懶, meaning indolent in mind; Guo's Commentary to the Erya says those who toil are often indolent; 'duò' is pronounced with the fanqie [initial and final of] 徒 and 果).

9.10

疆界 (The upper character is [pronounced] 居 + 良 with fanqie. The Erya says: 'Jiāngjiè means border, defense, surrounding boundary.' Guo's commentary says: 'Borderlands and territories, boundaries and guarding outposts are all on the outer rim.' The Shuowen says: '疆 is formed with 土 ("earth") and 彊 phonetically. 界 is formed with 田 ("field") and 介, depicting the shape of dividing boundaries.' In the vinaya text it is written as 彊, which is the standard form of the character 強 and is incorrect).

9.11

黶子 (The upper character is 於 + 琰 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'It refers to black birthmarks and moles on the face.' The Zishu says: 'It is formed with 黑 ("black") and 厭 phonetically.' Some write it as 靨, which is a popular form).

9.12

瘡疱 (The upper character is 楚 + 良 with fanqie. The Yupian says: '瘡痍 means sores and wounds.' The Liji says: 'When there are sores on the head, one washes the hair.' The ancient script writes it as 創. The lower character is 防 + 教 with fanqie. The Qieyun writes it as 靤, meaning facial sores. The Shuowen writes the standard form as 皰, meaning the skin rising in a blister. In the present vinaya text it is written as 疱, which is a popular form).

9.13

曾孫 (The upper character is 作 + 登 with fanqie. The 'Shīqīn' section of the Erya says: 'A son's son is a grandson (sūn); a grandson's son is a great-grandson (zēngsūn).' Guo's commentary says: 'Zēng means repeated.' It also says: 'A great-grandson's son is a great-great-grandson (xuánsūn); a xuánsūn's son is a láisūn; a láisūn's son is a kūnsūn; a kūnsūn's son is a réngsūn; a réngsūn's son is a yúnsūn.' 晜 is the ancient script for the character 昆. Guo's commentary says: '晜 means later').

9.14

百䡬 (The lower character is 莫 + 半 with fanqie. Note: 百䡬 is the name of an ancestral king of Śākya[muni]).

9.15

餘壻 (The lower character is also written in the two popular variants 𦕓 and 聟; the pronunciation is 蘇 + 計 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'A daughter's husband.' The 'Shīqīn' section of the Erya says: 'A woman's husband is a son-in-law (xù). A wife's parents and a husband's parents call each other hūnyīn. Two sons-in-law [of the same parents] call each other yà.' Guo's commentary says: 'In the region east of the Yangtze, husbands of sisters of the same family are called liáoxù').

9.16

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabheda-vastu, Fascicle Two

9.17

跣腳 (The upper character is 蘇 + 典 with fanqie. The Kaosheng says: 'Túxiǎn means one's bare feet touching the ground.' The lower character, 腳, has already been fully explained above in the Bhaiṣajyavastu).

9.18

犇馳 (The upper character is 博 + 昆 with fanqie. The Wenzi jilüe says: '犇 means startled and running.' The Shuowen writes it as 奔, meaning to run. The Erya says: 'A thoroughfare is called bēn.' Guo's commentary says: 'It refers to a place where people walk, hurry, and run.' The lower character is 直 + 离 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'To gallop and pursue.' The Zishu says: 'To gallop swiftly.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with 馬 ("horse") and 池 abbreviated phonetically').

9.19

誹謗 (The upper character is 方 + 未 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: '誹 also means to slander.' It is also pronounced 方 + 微 with fanqie. The lower character is 補 + 曠 with fanqie. The Kaosheng says: 'To slander and defame.' They are formed with 言 ("speech") as radical and 旁 and 非 respectively as phonetic components).

9.20

晡剌拏 (Formerly rendered as 富蘭那, which is erroneous. Correctly and fully it should be Pūraṇa-Kāśyapa. Pūraṇa here translates as "Full"; Kāśyapa is a lineage name, here translated as "Tortoise clan". This is the name of a non-Buddhist master who asserted causelessness).

9.21

末揭梨子 (Formerly rendered as 末伽梨. In full it is Maskarin Gośālīputra. Maskarin is the lineage name; Gośālī is the mother's name. This [master] asserted that suffering and pleasure do not stem from causes, being a non-Buddhist naturalist [spontaneist]).

9.22

珊逝移 (Formerly rendered as 刪闍夜. In full it is Sañjayin Vairaṭīputra. Sañjayin here translates as "Equally Victorious"; Vairaṭī is the mother's name. This is a non-Buddhist master [who taught that] no practice is necessary: passing through eighty thousand great kalpas, birth and death naturally [exhaust themselves], like an unrolling ball of thread).

9.23

阿末多 (Formerly rendered as Ajita Keśakambala. Ajita here translates as "Invincible"; keśa here translates as "hair"; kambala here translates as "clothing". This non-Buddhist master wore clothing of human hair and scorched his body with the five fires).

9.24

腳陁迦旃延 (Formerly rendered as Kakuda Kātyāyana; Kakuda here translates as "Black Neck", and Kātyāyana is the lineage name. This non-Buddhist master responded according to whatever arose: if someone asked about existence, he answered existence; if asked about non-existence, he answered non-existence).

9.25

眤揭爛陁 (Formerly rendered as Nirgrantha Jñātiputra. Nirgrantha here translates as "Without Bonds" and is a general name for this non-Buddhist tradition. Jñāti here translates as "Kinsman", the mother's name. This [school] asserts that suffering has no fixed cause, but must inevitably be experienced, and cannot be severed by the Path).

9.26

跟趺 (The upper character is 古 + 痕 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'The heel at the back of the foot.' The lower character is 方 + 無 with fanqie. The Yupian says: 'The instep of the foot; it refers to the dorsal surface of the foot.' The Shuowen also writes it with 付 as 跗).

9.27

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabheda-vastu, Fascicle Three

9.28

摩納薄伽 (Sanskrit. Formerly rendered as 摩納婆 and also as 摩那婆. Here this translates as "a youthful brāhmaṇa hermit").

9.29

薜陀咒 (The upper character is 蒲 + 計 with fanqie. It is Sanskrit. Formerly rendered as 韋陁 or 吠陁, here translated as "clarity" (vidyā), which refers to spell-incantations).

9.30

薜舍離 (Formerly rendered as 維耶離 or 毘耶離. Correctly it is 吹舍釐. Here it translates as "Vast and Magnificent" (Vaiśālī), located south of the Gaṅgā River in Central India).

9.31

轟然 (The upper character is 呼 + 宏 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'The sound of a crowd of chariots.' The character is formed with three chariots [車]).

9.32

圮岸 (The upper character is 平 + 鄙 with fanqie. The Zishu says: 'To overturn; 圮 also means to collapse.' The Yunlüe says: 'Collapse of a bank.' The Shangshu says: 'Defying orders and ruining the clan.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with 土 ("earth") and 巳 phonetically.' The lower character is 五 + 肝 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'A river bank.' The Erya says: 'Chóngyá àn refers to doubled, piled-up cliffs and banks').

9.33

背僂 (The upper character is 補 + 妹 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'The spine and back.' The Erya says: 'A spotted-garfish back denotes longevity.' Guo's commentary says: 'The skin of the back resembling that of a spotted garfish indicates advanced old age.' The lower character is 力 + 主 with fanqie. The Zishu says: 'Huncheback is an affliction.' The Qieyun says: '僂 means bent.' The Yupian says: 'Walking bent over; formed with 人 ("person") and 縷 abbreviated phonetically.' 鮐 is pronounced 台).

9.34

瘦瘠 (The upper character is 所 + 救 with fanqie. The lower character is 秦 + 昔 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: '瘦 means emaciated; 瘠 means sick.' The Shuowen says: '瘦 means gaunt.' The Erya says: 'Qú and qiú mean emaciated.' Guo's commentary says: 'The people of Qi call being lean and emaciated qúqiú.' They are pronounced 衢 and 求. The Shuowen writes it as 𤸃).

9.35

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabheda-vastu, Fascicle Four

9.36

洟唾 (The upper character is 他 + 計 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'Nasal mucus.' The Shuowen says: 'Fluid from the nose; formed with 水 ("water") and 夷 phonetically.' The vinaya text writes it with 弟 as 涕, pronounced 他 + 禮 with fanqie; the Shuowen says: 'Tears from the eyes,' which is not the meaning of 洟唾. The lower character is 託 + 臥 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'Fluid from the mouth.' The Liji says: 'When sharing food, do not spit.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with 口 ("mouth") and 埵 abbreviated phonetically').

9.37

諂語 (The upper character is 丑 + 琰 with fanqie. The Zishu says: 'To flatter and deceive; formed with 言 ("speech") and 臽, pronounced 陷.' The Shuowen writes it with 閻 as 讇, saying: 'To flatter.' The lower character is 魚 + 舉 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'Spoken words.' The Shuowen says: 'Words and discourse; formed with 言 ("speech") and 吾 phonetically').

9.38

攀鞦 (The upper character is 普 + 班 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'To pull.' The Qieyun says: 'To cling to; formed with 手 ("hand") and 樊 phonetically.' The lower character is 七 + 遊 with fanqie. The Yunying says: 'A chariot breeching strap; formed with 革 ("leather") and 秋 phonetically.' It is also written in the three variant forms 鞧, 緧, and 䋺, whose pronunciations and meanings are identical).

9.39

哽噎 (The upper character is 古 + 杏 with fanqie. The lower character is 烏 + 結 with fanqie. It means obstructed breathing. The Yupian says: 'As if a bone were in the throat.' The vinaya text writes it as 咽, pronounced 烏 + 見 with fanqie, or also pronounced 烟, which is not the sense of choking and gagging).

9.40

歔欷 (The upper character is 朽 + 居 with fanqie. The lower character is 許 + 既 with fanqie. The Kaosheng says: 'Sorrowful.' The Yunlüe says: 'To weep.' Gu Yewang says: '歔欷 denotes the remaining sounds of sobbing.' The Shuowen says: 'Both are formed with 欠 ("to yawn/gasp") and 虛 and 希 respectively as phonetic components.' 欷 is in the departing tone).

9.41

攢搓 (The upper character is 在 + 九 with fanqie. The Kaosheng says: 'Growing in clusters.' The Yunji says: 'To join together.' The Shuowen says: 'The standard form is written with 贊 as 攢.' The lower character is 七 + 何 with fanqie. The Zilin says: 'To rub an object with the hands to make it tight.' Both characters are formed with 手 ("hand")).

9.42

𢗅遽 (The upper character is 莫 + 郎 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: '𢗅 means flurried and longing.' The Shuowen writes it as 忙. The lower character is 其 + 倨 with fanqie. The Yupian says: 'Urgent.' The Zishu says: 'Trembling; also, distressed.' Formed with 辵 and 豦 phonetically, it forms 遽. The popular radical 辵 is pronounced 丑 + 略 with fanqie; 豦 is pronounced 倨).

9.43

拉摺 (The upper character is 藍 + 荅 with fanqie. He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: '拉 means to snap or break.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'To crush; formed with 手 ("hand") and 立 phonetically.' The Shuowen writes it as [搚-月+貝]. The lower character is 之 + 涉 with fanqie. The Yupian says: 'Also to fold/snap.' The Zilin says: 'To fold garments.' Both are formed with 手).

9.44

鐵𭪿 (The upper character is 他 + 結 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'Black metal.' The Shenyi jing says: 'In the southern regions there is a beast named Iron-Chewer, as large as a water buffalo, whose dung can be fashioned into weapons.' The lower character is also written as 觜. The Zilin says: 'A bird's beak.' In the vinaya text it is written as 唃, which is incorrect).

9.45

韛袋 (The upper character is also written as 㰆; both are pronounced 蒲 + 拜 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'A leather sack.' The Kaosheng says: 'An implement for blowing bellows to fan fire.' In the vinaya text it is written as 排, which is the name of timber at the stern of a boat, and is not used in this sense. The lower character is 徒 + 耐 with fanqie. The Shuowen writes it as 帒, meaning a bag for holding things).

9.46

皴腫 (The upper character is 七 + 綸 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: '皴 refers to skin slightly chapping and flaking.' It is also written as 皴, the same. In the vinaya text it is written with 足 ("foot") as 踆; the Shuowen says: 'To retreat,' which is not used in this sense. The lower character is 之 + 隴 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'An ailment.' The Shiming says: 'Swelling (zhǒng) means gathering (zhōng), referring to heat gathering.' It is formed with 肉 ("flesh") and 重 phonetically).

9.47

箜篌 (The upper character is 苦 + 紅 with fanqie. The lower character is 胡 + 鉤 with fanqie. The Ziyuan says: 'The kǒnghóu was originally barbarian music.' The Hanshu says: 'Emperor Ling loved barbarian clothing and made barbarian harps.' The Shiben says: 'It was invented by Master Yan as decadent, enticing music, originating in the region of the Pu River, taking its name from the marquis (hóu) of an abandoned territory (kōng)').

9.48

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabheda-vastu, Fascicle Five

9.49

黕色 (The upper character is 都 + 感 with fanqie. The Zishu says: 'Sediment and grime.' The Zilin says: 'Dark black colour.' The lower character is 所 + 力 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'Color and complexion; also fine lustre and beauty').

9.50

妙翅 (The lower character is 施 + 智 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'Bird wings.' It is also written as 翄, the same. Note: 妙翅 is the garuḍa (golden-winged bird). In Sanskrit, formerly rendered as 迦婁羅, correctly as Garuḍa. Here it is translated as "Golden Wings" and also as "Wondrous Wings". These birds possess the four modes of birth—womb-born, egg-born, etc.—and can devour the nāgas of the four modes of birth, as explained previously).

9.51

恐嚇 (The upper character is 丘 + 隴 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'To startle.' The Erya says: 'Fear and dread.' Formed with 心 ("heart") and 巩 phonetically; 巩 is pronounced 拱. The lower character is 呼 + 格 with fanqie. The Yupian says: 'To shout in anger.' The Zishu says: 'The sound of an angry cry; formed with 口 ("mouth") and 赫 phonetically').

9.52

囂埃 (The upper character is 許 + 嬌 with fanqie. The Yunying says: 'Clamorous and noisy.' The Shuowen says: 'Sound; it refers to breath rising from the top of the head.' Formed with 㗊 and 頁; 頁 means head. 㗊 is pronounced 戢; 气 is pronounced 氣. The lower character is 烏 + 開 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'Fine dust; formed with 土 ("earth") and 矣 phonetically').

9.53

獯狐 (According to the vinaya text, this should properly be written as the two characters 𪇑鶘. The upper character is pronounced 勳; the lower is pronounced 胡. The Jixun says: 'The 𪇑鶘 is the screech owl, a strange bird shaped like a barn owl; it conceals itself by day and flies out by night, fond of eating snakes and rats.' Now written as 獯, this refers to the Xunyu, another name for the Xiongnu. Written as 狐, it refers to the beast ridden by ghosts. A later passage of the vinaya text says: 'or having the head of a wild fox,' which is this).

9.54

斤斲 (The upper character is 舉 + 忻 with fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'To chop wood; depicting the shape of an axe.' The Qieyun says: 'Sixteen ounces.' The lower character is 竹 + 角 with fanqie. The Jixun says: 'To pare and shave.' The Shuowen says: '斲 also means to chop; formed with 斤 ("axe") and 𠁁 phonetically.' The Zishu writes it as [畫*(乳-孚+(看-目))], with the same pronunciation and meaning. Some write it in the two forms 𣃆 or 𧯞, neither of which is the original character).

9.55

捫摩 (The upper character is 莫 + 奔 with fanqie. The Zishu says: 'To grope or feel.' The Kaosheng says: 'To caress, feel, touch, and stroke; formed with 手 ("hand") and 門 phonetically.' The lower character is 莫 + 何 with fanqie. The Yunying says: 'To stroke also means to caress and feel').

9.56

踰繕那 (Formerly rendered as 由延, or as 由旬, or as 踰闍那, which are phonetic shifts in Sanskrit. There is no single direct translation here: some say sixteen li, some say forty li; that is, the distance of a single day's march for the army of an ancient sage king).

9.57

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabheda-vastu, Fascicle Six

9.58

囈言 (The upper character is 魚 + 祭 with fanqie; it is also written as 䆿. The Shuowen says: 'Talking in one's sleep while startled; formed with 口 ("mouth") and 藝 phonetically.' When written as 䆿, it is formed with 𮄥 abbreviated and 臬 phonetically; 臬 is pronounced 魚 + 結 with fanqie. For the lower character, 言, the Shuowen says: 'Formed with 口 ("mouth") and 辛 phonetically;' 辛 is pronounced 𠍴).

9.59

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabheda-vastu, Fascicle Seven

9.60

祭祠 (The upper character is 子 + 例 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'To offer sacrificial food; to sacrifice.' The Erya says: 'Sacrificing to Heaven by burning firewood.' The Shuowen says: 'The character is formed with a hand holding meat to present in sacrifice (示).' The lower character is pronounced 詞. The Erya says: 'A spring sacrifice is called cí.' Guo's commentary says: 'Cí is like feeding (shí); pronounced 飤').

9.61

浣濯 (The upper character is also written as 澣; both are pronounced 胡 + 管 with fanqie. The Zishu says: 'To wash and rinse.' The lower character is 直 + 角 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: '濯 also means to wash.' The Liji says: 'Washing the robes and cleansing the cap to attend court.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed with 水 ("water") and 幹 phonetically').

9.62

鄔波馱耶 (The first character is 烏 + 古 with fanqie; the third character is pronounced 唐 + 荷 with fanqie. In Sanskrit, this translates as "personal teacher" (upādhyāya). Formerly rendered as 和尚, which was erroneous. It has already been explained fully above).

9.63

輪轂 (The upper character is 力 + 迍 with fanqie. The Qieyun says: 'A chariot wheel.' The Zhouli says: 'The carriage bed is square to symbolize the Earth; the canopy is round to symbolize Heaven; the wheels are round to symbolize the Sun and Moon.' The lower character is 古 + 屋 with fanqie. The Yupian says: 'A chariot nave/hub.' The Shijing says: 'Patterned cushions and a smooth hub.' Laozi says: 'Thirty spokes join in a single hub').

9.64

優樓頻螺 (Sanskrit, abbreviated and corrupted. Correctly and fully it is Uruvilvā-Kāśyapa. Uruvilvā here translates as "papaya/quince": because he had a tumour on his chest resembling a papaya fruit, he was named after it. Kāśyapa here translates as "Drinker of Radiance", which is his lineage name).

9.65

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabheda-vastu, Fascicle Eight

9.66

澡漱 (Rinsing and washing: for the first character, fanqie 子皓 [zǎo], the Shuowen says: '澡 means to wash.' The Liji says: 'The scholar washes his body and bathes his virtue; he states his words and remains composed and still.' For the second character, fanqie 蘇秦 [sù], the Qieyun says: 'To rinse the mouth.' The Book of Jin records: 'Sun Chu said to Wang Wuzi: "The reason I rinse with stones is that I wish to sharpen my teeth."' The vinaya text writes it as 藻, which refers to duckweed and water plants intertwining to make patterns; it does not have the meaning of 澡漱, washing and rinsing.)

9.67

警寤 (Alert and awake: for the first character, fanqie 居影 [jǐng], the Kaosheng says: 'To warn and caution.' The Shuowen says: 'To awaken.' The character book says: 'To perceive and examine.' The Liji says: 'When about to ascend the hall, his voice should be raised'; Zheng's commentary explains this as warning the people inside. For the second character, fanqie 吾放 [wù], the Shuowen says: '寤 means to awaken from sleep; it is formed from an abbreviated 𮄥 with 吾 phonetic.' The vinaya text writes 驚; the Shuowen says this means a horse bolting. It also writes 窹; people of Chu use this to mean a stove. Neither is the character for 警寤.)

9.68

未曙 (Before dawn: for the first character, the Shuowen says: '未 means flavor (味). In the Five Phases, wood matures in wei; it depicts the dense foliage of branches and leaves. Wood has flavor.' 𰆰 is pronounced like 枝. For the second character, fanqie 常恕 [shù], the Qieyun says: 'Daybreak.' The Kaosheng says: 'Bright.' The Shuowen says: 'Refers to early morning when the sun has not yet appeared; it is formed from 日 [sun] with 署 phonetic.')

9.69

馭牝 (Driving a female animal: for the first character, fanqie 牛據 [yù], the Shuowen says: 'To drive a carriage.' The Zhouli has the five types of driving: ringing the harmony bells, following bends in water, passing through barriers and stopping, dancing at crossroads, and pursuing game from the left. The Shiben says: 'Hai harnessed oxen; Xiang Tu yoked horses; Han Ai made the chariot.' For the second character, fanqie 毘忍 [pìn], the Erya says: '牝 means 騇.' Guo's commentary says: 'A female horse.' 騇 is pronounced 舍.)

9.70

車輅 (Chariot: for the first character, fanqie 九魚 [jū], the Shijing says: 'Light carriages with harness bells and bit-guards.' For the second character, fanqie 洛故 [lù], the Zhouli has five kinds of carriages, named according to their adornment; the great chariot is ridden by the Son of Heaven. The preface to the Wenxuan says: 'Solid wheels were the beginning of great chariots.')

9.71

鄔波索迦 (Upāsaka: 鄔 is fanqie 烏古 [wū], 索 is 蘇各 [suǒ], 迦 is 薑佉 [jiā]. This is Sanskrit. Formerly rendered erroneously as 優婆塞. Here it is translated as 'approaching attendant male,' namely a white-clad layman who upholds the ten wholesome precepts.)

9.72

襞褺 (Pleated and folded garments: for the first character, fanqie 必益 [bì]; for the second character, fanqie 徒叶 [dié]. The character book says: '襞掠 means heavily folded clothing.' Both are formed from 衣 [clothing] with 辟 and 執 phonetic. In the vinaya text the second character is written as 𢮕, pronounced 葉, which refers to measuring things; it does not have the meaning of 襞褺.)

9.73

鞭撻 (Whipping and flogging: for the first character, fanqie 卑連 [biān], the Kaosheng says: 'A rod used to strike a horse.' The character book says: 'A horse whip.' For the second character, fanqie 他達 [tà], the character book says: 'To strike.' The Shangshu says: 'Flogging to record it.' The Liji says: 'When King Cheng committed a fault, the Duke of Zhou flogged Boqin.' It is formed from 手 [hand] with 達 phonetic. The vinaya text writes it with 革 as 韃, which is an incorrect form.)

9.74

靉靆 (Dense cloudiness: the first character is pronounced 愛 [ài]; the second character is pronounced 代 [dài]. The Pi Cang says: '靉靆 describes clouds rising thick and dense.' The Qieyun says: 'The appearance of clouds.' The Tongsu wen says: 'When clouds cover the sun, it is called 靉靆.' 薈 is fanqie 烏外 [wài].)

9.75

霏霏 (Falling thickly: fanqie 芳非 [fēi]. The Qieyun says: '雰霏 describes falling snow.' It is formed from 雨 [rain] with 非 phonetic. 雰 is fanqie 撫文 [fēn].)

9.76

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Nine

9.77

躓害 (Stumbling and harm: for the first character, fanqie 陟利 [zhì], the Shuowen says: 'An obstruction.' The character book says: '躓頓 means to stumble.' It is formed from 足 [foot] with 質 phonetic. For the second character, fanqie 戶艾 [hài], the Shuowen says: 'To injure. It is formed from 宀, which means home, 口, which means speech, and 丰 phonetic; harm arises from within the home.' The vinaya text writes the popular character 害, with the sound 介.)

9.78

怪愕 (Astonished and alarmed: for the first character, fanqie 古壞 [guài], the Lunyu says: 'The Master did not speak of the uncanny (怪).' Wang Su's commentary says: '怪 means strange.' The vinaya text writes 恠, which is also acceptable. For the second character, fanqie 五各 [è], the Qieyun says: 'Frightened.' It is formed from 心 [heart/mind] with 咢 phonetic; 咢 has the same sound as above.)

9.79

瓦礫 (Tiles and rubble: for the first character, fanqie 五寡 [wǎ], the Erya says: 'An earthen vessel is called a deng.' The ancient Kaoshi says: 'The Kunwu clan first made tiles.' For the second character, fanqie 郎擊 [lì], the Zilin says: 'Sand and gravel.' The Shiming says: '礫 means small pebbles.' The vinaya text writes 礰, which is the sound of stones; it does not have the meaning of 瓦礫.)

9.80

窗牖 (Windows: for the first character, fanqie 楚雙 [chuāng], the Shiming says: 'A window is called clever (聰); looking from inside out, one sees clearly and brightly.' The Shuowen says: 'In a house it is called a 窗.' For the second character, fanqie 與久 [yǒu], the Shuowen says: 'Piercing a wall and using wood to make a latticed window.' The Liji says: 'The scholar has an overgrown doorway and a window framed with a broken jar.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed from 片, 戶, and 甫 phonetic.')

9.81

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Ten

9.82

捲打 (Punching and striking: for the first character, the Yupian gives the fanqie 渠圓 [quán]; Gu Yewang says: 'Without curled fists there is no courage; 捲 means strength.' The Qieyun writes 拳, bending the hand. The Guangya says: '拳拳 means anxious.' For the second character, the Qieyun gives the fanqie 都挺 [dǐng], meaning to strike. In the Qin dialect, it is fanqie 得耿 [děng]. The Shuowen says: 'To strike with a rod.' It is also read in the departing tone.)

9.83

牸豺 (Female wolf or jackal: for the first character, fanqie 疾吏 [zì], the Qieyun says: 'A female ox.' The Yupian says: 'A mother ox.' For the second character, fanqie 士諧 [chái], the Erya says: 'The jackal has dog feet.' Guo's commentary says: 'Its paws resemble a dog's.' The Liji says: 'The jackal then makes an offering of animals.' It is formed from 豸 with 才 phonetic. 豸 is fanqie 文尒 [wén].)

9.84

捺洛迦 (Naraka: the last character is fanqie 姜佉 [qié]. Also written 那落迦; this is a variant Sanskrit transliteration. Here it is translated as 'vessel of suffering' or 'utensil of suffering,' referring to the implements of undergoing torment; that is, the general name for the great hells such as the eight cold, eight hot, and Avīci hells.)

9.85

咍然笑 (Laughing merrily: for the first character, fanqie 呼來 [hāi], the Fangyan says: 'People of Chu call laughing 咍.' For the last character, fanqie 私妙 [xiào], the Liji says: 'When holding the funeral ropes one does not laugh; when attending a mourning service one does not laugh.' The Shuowen says: 'Joyful laughing; it depicts a dog holding bamboo on its head and making merry, hence laughing.' Those who write the two forms 㗛 or 𠸍 are both incorrect.)

9.86

橜杙 (Stakes and pegs: for the first character, fanqie 其月 [jué]; for the second character, fanqie 與職 [yì]. The Erya says: 'A 樴 is called a 杙.' Guo's commentary says: 'It is a 橜 [stake]. What is in the ground is called a 臬.' Guo's commentary says: 'That is the doorpost peg.' It is also written 橛. 樴 is pronounced 特. 臬 is fanqie 魚列 [niè].)

9.87

迸血 (Spurting blood: for the first character, fanqie 北諍 [bèng], the Shuowen says: '迸 means to scatter.' It is also written as 𧻓. For the second character, fanqie 呼𤤭 [xuè], the Qieyun says: 'Thick blood.' The Shiming says: 'Blood is foul-smelling (濊); it means flowing and defiling.' 濊 is fanqie 呼栝 [huò], the sound of water.)

9.88

爬摑 (Scratching and slapping: for the first character, fanqie 蒲巴 [pá], the Qieyun says: 'To scratch.' It is also written 把. For the second character, fanqie 古獲 [guó], the Yupian says: 'To palm the ear.' The Yinpu says: 'To slap with the hand.' It is formed from 手 [hand] with 國 phonetic.)

9.89

火𬋘 (Singeing by fire: for the first character, fanqie 呼果 [huǒ], the Shangshu says: 'Fire flares upward.' The Shiben says: 'Suiren drilled wood to produce fire.' For the second character, fanqie 力小 [liǎo], the Shuowen says: 'To roast.' The Kaosheng says: 'Pressed close by fire.' It is formed from 炙 with 尞 phonetic. The vinaya text writes it with 火 as 燎, which is also acceptable. 尞 is pronounced 聊. 燧 is pronounced 遂.)

9.90

薄伽畔 (Bhagavat: the last character is fanqie 薄半 [pàn]. A Sanskrit word, also written 薄伽梵. Formerly translated as 'World-Honoured One,' meaning that the worldly and trans-worldly realms all deeply revere Him. Its six meanings have been explained previously; this is the tenth title among the ten epithets of the Buddha.)

9.91

呾他揭多 (Tathāgata: the first character is fanqie 當割 [dā]. A Sanskrit word, formerly transliterated 多他阿伽度 or 但他誐多. Here it is translated as 如來. This is the first title among the ten epithets.)

9.92

霶霈 (Torrential rain: for the first character, fanqie 普郎 [pāng]; for the second character, fanqie 普葢 [pèi]. The Qieyun says: '霶霈 means heavy rain.' The character book says: 'The appearance of copious rain.' Both characters are formed from 雨 [rain] with 滂 and 沛 as phonetic elements. The vinaya text writes 滂沛, which describes the flow of water, not heavy rain.)

9.93

索訶界 (Sahā realm: the first character is fanqie 蘇各 [suǒ], followed by the sound 訶 [hē]. Sanskrit, formerly transcribed as 娑婆. Here translated as 'realm of endurance' (堪忍界).)

9.94

旭上 (Rising in the morning sun: for the first character, fanqie 許玉 [xù], the Qieyun says: 'Early morning.' The Shuowen says: 'The sun rising at daybreak; also brightness.' It is formed from 日 [sun] with 九 phonetic. For the second character, fanqie 時掌 [shǎng], the Shuowen says: 'To ascend.' The ancient script writes 上, and also 尚; both pronunciations are as above.)

9.95

朝曦 (Morning sunlight: for the first character, fanqie 陟遙 [zhāo], the Qieyun says: 'Dawn.' The Erya says: '朝 means early morning.' Laozi says: 'A whirlwind does not last the whole morning.' For the second character, fanqie 許羈 [xī], the Qieyun says: 'Sunlight.' It is formed from 日 [sun] with 羲 phonetic.)

9.96

貧窶 (Poor and destitute: for the first character, fanqie 符巾 [pín], the character book says: 'Destitute and lacking.' The ancient script writes 穷. For the second character, fanqie 其矩 [jù], the Qieyun says: 'Poor and lacking propriety.' The Erya says: '窶 means poor.' Guo's commentary says: 'It refers to being poor and wretched.')

9.97

样來 (样 is pronounced 羊 [yáng]. The Guangya says: 'A mallet.' The character book quotes the Guangya writing it as 椎. Laozi mentions 'carts with solid wheels' [椎輪車].)

9.98

繩棬 (Rope basket/loop: for the first character, fanqie 食陵 [shéng], the Qieyun says: 'A cord; also straight.' The Shangshu says: 'Wood following the chalk-line becomes straight.' For the second character, fanqie 丘員 [quān], the Qieyun says: 'A vessel resembling a peck, formed by bending bamboo.' In our case, 繩棬 means using rope to form a basket-like loop for hanging things. The vinaya text writes 𢃩, which is the same as 𱻄, meaning slight confusion.)

9.99

貆貈 (Badgers: for the first character, fanqie 呼官 [huān]; for the second character, fanqie 下各 [hé]. The Erya says: 'The cub of a 貈 is a 貆.' The Mutianzi zhuan says: 'The Son of Heaven hunted in the Qi Marsh and captured a dark raccoon-dog to sacrifice to the River Ancestor.' The vinaya text writes 獾狢; the sounds are identical, and popular forms are also commonly used.)

9.100

匱乏 (Destitute and lacking: for the first character, fanqie 求位 [kuì], the Shuowen says: 'Exhausted.' The Qieyun says: 'Also lacking.' For the second character, fanqie 房法 [fá], the Shuowen says: 'Poor; also lacking.' The Zuo Zhuan says: 'The reverse of 正 [upright] is 乏 [deficient].' The character does not derive from 之.)

9.101

伉儷 (Spouse / matched pair: for the first character, fanqie 苦浪 [kàng]; for the second character, fanqie 郎計 [lì]. The character book says: 'Equal; also match.' Gu Yewang says: 'Unable to protect his spouse (伉儷),' which illustrates this.)

9.102

倏歸 (Returning swiftly: for the first character, fanqie 式竹 [shù], the Qieyun says: '倏忽 means sudden.' The Shuowen says: 'Swift; formed from 犬 and 攸, meaning a dog running swiftly.' The vinaya text writes 儵; the Erya says: '儵儵嘒嘒 means fleeing from disaster and poison'; it also refers to black-and-blue patterned silk, and does not have the meaning of swiftness. For the second character, fanqie 舉韋 [guī], the Qieyun says: 'To return; to approach; also peaceful and quiet.')

9.103

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Eleven

9.104

猶豫 (Hesitant and indecisive: for the first character, fanqie 以周 [yóu], the Qieyun says: 'Still.' For the second character, fanqie 羊泇 [yù], the character book says: 'Prior; also prepared.' The Kaosheng says: '猶豫 means hesitant and unsettled.' The Erya says: 'A 猶 resembles a muntjac.' Master Lu's commentary says: 'In Longxi a puppy is called a 猶; when walking, it remains (豫) in front of people.')

9.105

誤舛 (Erroneous and contradictory: for the first character, fanqie 五故 [wù], the Qieyun says: 'Mistaken.' The Shuowen writes 悞, which is identical. For the second character, fanqie 昌兖 [chuǎn], the Shuowen says: 'Contradictory; also mistaken; it describes sleeping in opposite directions. It is formed from 夕, pronounced 若瓦 [huā], and 井, pronounced 陟駕 [zhà].' The vinaya text writes 舛, which is not the standard character.)

9.106

卒歲 (Passing the year / end of the year: for the first character, fanqie 子聿 [zú], the Shuowen says: 'End.' The Qieyun says: 'Exhausted; also completed. The character is formed from 求 with 一 phonetic.' The vinaya text writes 𣨛; the Erya says: '𣨛 means falling away and dying,' whose meaning conflicts with 卒歲. For the second character, fanqie 相𨦣 [suì], the Erya says: 'In the Xia dynasty it was called 歲.' Guo's commentary says: 'Taken from the Year Star (Jupiter) completing one transit.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed from two 止 to make 𣥗, with 戌 phonetic.')

9.107

殉命 (Sacrificing one's life: for the first character, fanqie 辭閏 [xùn], the Guangyun says: 'To accompany the deceased in burial with living persons; also to pursue.' Gu Yewang says: 'Exerting strength to follow death; abandoning the body to follow an object is 殉.' For the second character, fanqie 眉病 [mìng], the Qieyun says: 'To command; to teach and guide.' The Yupian says: 'Trust.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed from 口 and 令, with 即 phonetic.')

9.108

褰衣 (Lifting up garments: for the first character, fanqie 去乾 [qiān], Gu Yewang says: 'In Qi and Lu, to cast off is called 褰.' The Liji says: 'In hot weather, do not hitch up your lower garments.' Zheng's commentary says: '褰 means to pull up the hem.' For the second character, fanqie 於機 [yī], the Shiben says: 'The Yellow Emperor's minister Hu Cao made clothing. The upper garment is called 衣; the lower garment is called 裳.')

9.109

𡍩廠 (Open-sided shed: for the first character, fanqie 丑格 [chè], commonly written 坼, which is identical; the Qieyun says: 'To split; also to break and destroy.' For the second character, read in the two fanqie 尺亮 [chàng] and 尺兩 [chǎng], the Zipu says: 'A carriage shed.' The Zilin says: 'An open shelter. It is formed from 广 with 敞 phonetic.' 广 is pronounced 儼.)

9.110

草苫 (Thatch covering: for the second character, fanqie 失占 [shān], the Erya says: 'A white cover is called a 苫.' Guo's commentary says: 'A thatch cover made of white cogon grass; in Jiangdong today it is called a 蓋 [cover],' pronounced 胡臘 [hé].)

9.111

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Twelve

9.112

踰城 (Leaping over the city wall: for the first character, fanqie 與俱 [yú], the Kaosheng says: '踰 means to cross over; to pass.' Gu Yewang says: 'Do not leap over our village.' It is also written 逾, which is identical. For the second character, fanqie 市征 [chéng], Cui Bao's Gujin zhu says: 'A wall (城) means containing (盛); that by which people and things are held and accommodated.' The Shuowen says: 'That by which the people are accommodated. It is formed from 土 [earth] with 成 phonetic.')

9.113

𡖦甥 (Sister's child / nephew: the first character is fanqie 五會 [wèi]; the second character is pronounced 生 [shēng]. The Erya says: 'The son of a father's sister or a mother's brother is called a 甥. A nephew says: "Those who call me uncle, I call them 甥."' The Shuowen writes 𱰘, with the same definition as in the Erya.)

9.114

窺覘 (Peeping and spying: for the first character, fanqie 去規 [kuī], the Yupian says: 'To look slightly.' The Shuowen says: 'Formed from 穴 with 規 phonetic.' The character book also writes 闚, which is identical. For the second character, fanqie 丑占 [chān], the Qieyun says: 'To peep.' The Yupian says: 'Dukes and nobles spying for information.' It is also pronounced with the fanqie 勑艷 [chàn].)

9.115

瓦鍋 (Earthen pot: for the first character, fanqie 五寡 [wǎ]; also written 凡, depicting the shape of a tile. For the second character, fanqie 古和 [guō], the character book says: 'An iron utensil.' The Shuowen writes [田/(岡-山+?)] and says: 'A caldron with legs and a spout, made of clay.' It is also written 堝. The Qieyun says: 'A sweet crucible.' Now written 鍋, or said to be a vessel for warming.)

9.116

鄔波馱耶 (Upādhyāya: 鄔 is fanqie 烏古 [wū], 馱 is pronounced 唐賀 [duò]. This is Sanskrit. Translated here as 'personal preceptor' (親教), which was already explained earlier.)

9.117

跳躑 (Leaping and trampling: for the first character, fanqie 亭遙 [tiáo], the Cangjie pian says: '跳踴 means to leap.' The Guangya says: '跳 means to jump.' For the second character, fanqie 呈炙 [zhí], it means leaping up and throwing one's body to the ground, jumping vigorously. Both characters 跳 and 躑 are formed from 足 [foot] with 兆 and 鄭 as phonetic elements.)

9.118

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Thirteen

9.119

癕瘡 (The first character has the fanqie 于容 [yōng]; also written as 癰. The Qieyun states: 'It is a swollen ulcer and sore.' The second character has the fanqie 楚良 [chuāng]. The Yupian states: 'It means sores and wounds.' The ancient script writes it as 創. The Liji states: 'If there are sores on the head, one washes one's hair.').

9.120

秔米 (The first character has the fanqie 古行 [gēng]. The Shiwen states: 'It is nonglutinous rice.' The Bencao states: 'Steamed and made into dry rice, eating it stops diarrhea.' It is also written as the popular character 粳. The second character has the fanqie 莫禮 [mǐ]. The Shuowen states: 'The grain of nonglutinous millet, depicting the shape of grain heads.').

9.121

或歍 (The second character has the sound 烏 [wū]. The Qieyun states: 'To draw near to each other with the mouth.' The Zishu states: 'Derived from 欠 [qiàn] with 烏 [wū] as phonetic.' In the Vinaya text it is written with 口 as 嗚, which refers to the sound of weeping and lamentation (wūhū), not the meaning of 歍唼 [kissing/touching mouths].).

9.122

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Fourteen

9.123

旃茶羅 (The first character has the fanqie 諸延 [zhān]. Sanskrit: sometimes called 旃陀羅 [cāṇḍāla]. Here it is translated as 'manslayer', which is the general designation for the class of butchers. It is also explained as 'ferocious bad karma'. According to the law of the Western Regions, when such a person walks, they must hold their own emblem, either shaking a bell or carrying a cane made of split bamboo; if they do not, the king punishes them.).

9.124

摩納婆 (Sanskrit [māṇava]. Here it is translated as 'Confucian youth' or 'hermit-seer' [ṛṣi].).

9.125

牀[爿*((┤*├)/由/八)] (The first character has the fanqie 士莊 [chuáng]. The Kaosheng states: 'It is a couch or couch-bed.' It is also written as the popular character 床, which is interchangeable. The Shuowen states: 'Derived from 木 with 爿 as phonetic; 爿 has the sound 牆 [qiáng].' The second character has the fanqie 古皇 [guāng]. The Zishu states: 'The crosspiece of a couch', meaning the crossbeams. In the Vinaya text it is written as 桄, referring to the tree name guāngláng [areca or betel palm]; now in popular usage it is also used for the crossbeam of a couch.).

9.126

歐變 (The first character has the fanqie 謳口 [ǒu]. The Kaosheng states: '歐 means wishing to vomit.' The Zishu states: 'A sickness in the stomach.' The Shuowen states: 'To vomit; derived from 欠 with 區 as phonetic.' In the Vinaya text it is written as 漚 with the fanqie 烏侯 [ōu] or 于侯 [ōu], meaning soaking for a long time, which is not the meaning of 歐. The second character has the fanqie 彼春 [bīn], meaning transformation. The Qieyun states: 'It means passing through.' The Shuowen states: 'Derived from 文 with 䜌 as phonetic.').

9.127

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Fifteen

9.128

鵂鶹 (The first character has the fanqie 朽尤 [xiū]. The second character has the sound 留 [liú]. The Kaosheng states: 'It is a strange bird.' The Jixun states: 'The xiūliú is the tuóhú [screech owl], an ominous bird.' The Erya states: 'The gé, the jìqī.' Guo's commentary states: 'Today in Jiangdong they call the xiūliú the jìqī. 鵅 has the sound 格 [gé]; 鵋 has the sound 忌 [jì]; 䳢 has the sound 欺 [qī].' On examination, this bird roosts by day and flies by night. Xiūliú and tuóhú are both named after their cries; it resembles a horned hawk, of an ashen black colour, and enjoys eating snakes and mice.).

9.129

摘取 (The first character has the fanqie 陟革 [zhāi]. The Kaosheng states: 'To pick things by hand.' The Shuowen writes it as 揥, meaning to take. In the Vinaya text it is written as 擿, also with the fanqie 他曆 [tì]. The second character has the fanqie 七庾 [qǔ]. The Qieyun states: 'To collect; to seek; derived from 耳 and 又, 又 being the hand.' In the Vinaya text it is written as 取, the popular character.).

9.130

衣裓 (The second character has the fanqie 古得 [gé]. It is the front lapel of a garment. Another says: 'A woman's robe or broad sash.').

9.131

躊躇 (The first character has the fanqie 紂流 [zhóu]. The second character has the sound 除 [chú]. The Kaosheng states: '躊躇 means the mind is undecided and one does not advance immediately.' The Han shi waizhuan states: '躊躇 is like pacing back and forth without advancing.' The Guangya states: 'Hesitant.' Both characters are derived from 足 with 壽 and 著 as phonetics.).

9.132

駙馬 (The first character has the fanqie 符遇 [fù]. Fùmǎ is an official title. The Zishu states: 'Auxiliary.' Huang Kan states: 'King Mu of Zhou loved to raise horses; when someone could train them well, he gave him his daughter in marriage and had him accompany the Son of Heaven's horses, hence the name fùmǎ.' The Hanshu states that Jin Midi was skilled in handling the imperial horses, and this official title was instituted.).

9.133

婚媾 (The first character has the fanqie 呼昆 [hūn]. The Li states: 'The wife belongs to yin; one takes a wife at dusk [hūn], hence it is called 婚.' The Erya states: 'The wife's clan constitutes hūn; the husband's clan constitutes yīn.' The second character has the fanqie 古侯 [gòu]. The Zishu states: 'Remarriage is called gòu.').

9.134

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Sixteen

9.135

髀肉 (The first character has the fanqie 傍禮 [bǐ]. The Qieyun states: 'Thigh and haunch.' The Shuowen states: 'Derived from 骨 with 卑 as phonetic.' It is also written as 䯗, which is also correct. In the Vinaya text it is written as 䏶, which is incorrect. The second character: the Shuowen writes it as 肉, depicting the shape of muscle and flesh; today it is modified into the character 肉.).

9.136

寶輅 (The first character has the fanqie 博抱 [bǎo]. The Qieyun states: 'Precious; auspicious; also treasure.' The Liji states: 'The earth does not hide its treasures.' The ancient script writes it as 珤, derived from 玉 with 缶 as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie 洛故 [lù], which is the imperial great carriage. On examination, the five carriages are named according to their decorations; being decorated with gems, it is called the jeweled carriage.).

9.137

目瞤 (The first character has the fanqie 其鹿 [mù]. The Yupian states: 'Fire [hexagram Li] corresponds to the eyes; the eye is the clear essence of qi.' The Shuowen states: 'It depicts the shape of the eye.' The ancient script writes it as [圓-口+八]. The second character has the fanqie 如輪 [rún]. The Kaosheng states: 'Twitching of the eyelids.' It is also written as 眴. In the Vinaya text it is written as 𥌎 with the fanqie 而緣 [ruán], meaning drooping eyelid skin, not the sense of twitching.).

9.138

鶉鳥 (The first character has the fanqie 常倫 [chún]. The Zilin states: 'The quail.' The Huainanzi states: 'Frogs transform into quails.' The Erya states: 'Of birds whose male and female cannot be distinguished, the one whose right wing covers the left is the male.').

9.139

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Seventeen

9.140

鞌𰹫 (The first character has the fanqie 鳥寒 [ān]. The Qieyun states: 'A saddle pad.' It is sometimes written as the popular character 鞍, which is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie 兵媚反 [bì]. The Shuowen states: 'The bridle of a horse.' The Shijing states: 'The six reins are like silk.' Derived from 絲 and 𨊥, written as 𱺍, pictographic. Those written with 口 and 亾 as 轡 and 𮝲 are both incorrect.).

9.141

欶癰 (The first character has the fanqie 所角 [shuò]. The Zishu states: 'To suck with the mouth.' It is sometimes written as 嗽. In the Vinaya text it is written as 嗍, which is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie 於容 [yōng]. The Qieyun states: 'Carbuncles and abscesses.' In the Vinaya text it is written as the popular character 㿈.).

9.142

吁嗟 (The first character has the fanqie 況于 [xū]. The Kaosheng states: '吁 is an exclamation of doubt or surprise; derived from 口 with 于 as phonetic.' In the Vinaya text it is written as 噓 with the sound 朽居 [xū], meaning to blow or exhale, which is not the character for 吁嗟. The second character has the fanqie 子邪 [jiē]. The Qieyun states: 'An exclamation of sighing or lamentation.').

9.143

薜室羅末拏 (The first character has the fanqie 蒲計 [bì]; the last character has the fanqie 尼加 [na]. Sanskrit [Vaiśravaṇa]; formerly called 毘沙門, this is it. Here translated as 'Much Hearing', namely the name of the Heavenly King of the North.).

9.144

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Eighteen

9.145

金㡌 (The second character has the fanqie 莫報 [mào]. The Qieyun states: 'A cloth cap.' The Shuowen writes it as 曰, stating: 'Appearing slightly; headwear of the barbarian peoples.' It is sometimes written as [曰/月], meaning to cover; also to unite; to use.).

9.146

脚跟 (The second character has the fanqie 古痕 [gēn]. The Qieyun states: 'The heel at the back of the foot.').

9.147

跳躑 (The first character has the fanqie 亭遙 [tiáo]; the second character has the fanqie 呈亦 [zhí]. This has already been fully explained above in Fascicle Twelve.).

9.148

野干 (Sanskrit sṛgāla; here called yějiān [jackal]. On examination, it is blue-yellow, shaped like a dog, travels in packs, and howls at night with a voice like a wolf. Guo's commentary on the Zhuangzi states: 'The jackal can climb trees.' The Guangya states: 'It nests in treacherous crags and tall trees.' It is also pronounced yèjiān. It is different from a fox. The Chan Sutra states: 'He saw a wild fox, and again saw a jackal', which proves they are two different creatures. In the Vinaya text it is written as 犴 with the fanqie 岸 [àn] or 莪寒 [hán]. The Shuowen states: 'A dog of the barbarian lands', which is not the character for the jackal [野干].).

9.149

牽拋 (The first character has the fanqie 苦堅 [qiān]. The Qieyun states: 'To lead; to pull.' The Kaosheng states: 'To advance.' The Shuowen states: 'Derived from 冖 and 牛 with 玄 as phonetic; 冖 has the fanqie 葵營 [qióng].' Writing it as 牽 is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie 疋皃 [pāo]. The Zishu states: 'A catapult engine, used to hurl bricks and stones.' It also has the sound 普包 [pāo], which is not adopted here.).

9.150

楩樹 (The first character has the fanqie 房連 [pián]. The Zizhi states: 'A variety of wheat.' The Erya states: 'The lún is spotless.' Guo's commentary states: 'A variety of the pián, resembling the camphor tree.' The Shiwen gives the fanqie 婢善 [biàn]; 棆 has the same sound as 倫 [lún].).

9.151

妊胎 (The first character has the fanqie 汝朕 [rèn], or 如林 [rén]. The Shuowen states: 'Pregnant.' The Qieyun states: 'To bear a child in the body; derived from 女 with 上 as phonetic.' In the Vinaya text it is written as the popular character 姙. The second character has the fanqie 湯來 [tāi]. The Kaosheng states: 'Womb and fetus; pregnancy.' The Erya states: '胎 means beginning.' Guo's commentary states: 'An unformed embryo is also the beginning of things.').

9.152

Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya-saṅghabhedavastu, Fascicle Nineteen

9.153

重裹 (The first character has the fanqie 直容 [chóng]. The Qieyun states: 'Double.' The Kaosheng states: 'Piled up.' The second character has the fanqie 古火 [guǒ]. The Qieyun states: 'To wrap up.' The Shenglei states: 'To wrap, bundle, and bind; derived from 衣 with 果 as phonetic.').

First 153 of 228 passages. Read on

Linked texts (1)

續一切經音義 — Classical Chinese