Pramanamimamsa 1.2: .. atha dvitīyamāhnikam ..

Pramāṇamīmāṃsāvṛtti 1.2

Language: Sanskrit

.. atha dvitīyamāhnikam ..

1.2.1

ihoddiṣṭe pratyakṣaparokṣalakṣaṇe pramāṇadvaye lakṣitaṃ pratyakṣam . idānīṃ parokṣalakṣaṇamāha--

1.2.2

sāmānyalakṣaṇānuvādena viśeṣalakṣaṇavidhānāt samyagarthanirṇayaḥ ityanuvartate . tenāviśadaḥ samyagarthanirṇayaḥ parokṣapramāṇamiti .. 1 ..

1.2.4

tad iti parokṣasya parāmarśastena parokṣasyaite prakārā na tu svatantrāṇi pramāṇāntarāṇi prakrāntapramāṇasaṅkhyāvighātaprasaṅgāt .

nanu svatantrāṇyeva smṛtyādīni pramāṇāni kiṃ nocyante ?, kimanena draviḍamaṇḍakabhakṣaṇanyāyena ? . maivaṃ vocaḥ, parokṣalakṣaṇasaṅgṛhītāni parokṣapramāṇānna vibhedavartīni; yathaiva hi pratyakṣalakṣaṇasaṅgṛhītānīndriyajñāna-mānasa-svasaṃvedana-yogijñānāni saugatānāṃ na pratyakṣādatiricyante, tathaiva hi parokṣalakṣaṇākṣiptāni smṛtyādīni na mūlapramāṇasaṅkhyāparipanthīnīti . smṛtyādīnāṃ pañcānāṃ dvandvaḥ .. 2 ..

1.2.6

tatra smṛtiṃ lakṣayati--

1.2.7

vāsanā saṃskārastasyāḥ udbodhaḥ prabodhastaddhetukā tannibandhanā, kālamasaṃkhaṃ saṃkhaṃ ca dhāraṇā hoi nāyavvā viśeṣā॰ gā॰ 333 iti vacanāccirakālasthāyinyapi vāsanā'nudbuddhā na smṛtihetuḥ, āvaraṇakṣayopaśamasadṛśadarśanādisāmagrīlabdhaprabodhā tu smṛtiṃ janayatīti vāsanodbodhahetukā ityuktam . asyā ullekhamāha tadityākārā sāmānyoktau napuṃsakanirdeśastena sa ghaṭaḥ, sā paṭī, tat kuṇḍalamityullekhavatī matiḥ smṛtiḥ .

1.2.8

sā ca pramāṇam avisaṃvāditvāt svayaṃ nihitapratyunmārgaṇādivyavahārāṇāṃ darśanāt . nanvanubhūyamānasya viṣayasyābhāvānnirālambanā smṛtiḥ kathaṃ pramāṇam ? . naivam, anubhūtenārthena sālambanatvopapatteḥ, anyathā pratyakṣasyāpyanubhūtārthaviṣayatvādaprāmāṇyaṃ prasajyeta . svaviṣayāvabhāsanaṃ smṛterapyaviśiṣṭam . vinaṣṭo viṣayaḥ kathaṃ smṛterjanakaḥ ?, tathā cārthājanyatvānna prāmāṇyamasyā iti cet; tat kiṃ pramāṇāntare'pyarthajanyatvamavisaṃvādaheturiti vipralabdho'si ? . maivaṃ muhaḥ, yathaiva hi pradīpaḥ svasāmagrībalalabdhajanmā ghaṭādibhirajanito'pi tān prakāśayati tathaivāvaraṇakṣayopaśamasavyapekṣendriyānindriyabalalabdhajanma saṃvedanaṃ viṣayamavabhāsayati . nānanukṛtānvayavyatirekaṃ kāraṇam nākāraṇaṃ viṣayaḥ iti tu pralāpamātram, yogijñānasyātītānāgatārthagocarasya tadajanyasyāpi prāmāṇyaṃ prati vipratipatterabhāvāt . kiṃca, smṛteraprāmāṇye'numānāya datto jalāñjaliḥ, tayā vyāpteraviṣayīkaraṇe tadutthānāyogāt; liṅgagrahaṇa-sambandhasmaraṇapūrvakamanumānamiti hi sarvavādisiddham . tataśca smṛtiḥ pramāṇam, anumānaprāmāṇyānyathānupapatteriti siddham .. 3 ..

1.2.9

atha pratyabhijñānaṃ lakṣayati--

1.2.10

darśanam pratyakṣam, smaraṇam smṛtistābhyāṃ sambhavo yasya tattathā darśanasmaraṇakāraṇakaṃ saṅkalanājñānaṃ pratyabhijñānam . tasyollekhamāha--tadevedam, sāmānyanirdeśena napuṃsakatvam, sa evāyaṃ ghaṭaḥ, saiveyaṃ paṭī, tadevedaṃ kuṇḍamiti . tatsadṛśaḥ gosadṛśo gavayaḥ, tadvilakṣaṇaḥ govilakṣaṇo mahiṣaḥ, tatpratiyogi idamasmādalpaṃ mahat dūramāsannaṃ vetyādi . ādigrahaṇāt-romaśo danturaḥ śyāmo vāmanaḥ pṛthulocanaḥ . yastatra cipiṭaghrāṇastaṃ caitramavadhārayeḥ .. nyāyama॰ pṛ॰ 143 payombubhedī haṃsaḥ syātṣaṭpādairbhramaraḥ smṛtaḥ . saptaparṇastu vidvadbhirvijñeyo viṣamacchadaḥ .. pañcavarṇaṃ bhavedratnaṃ mecakākhyaṃ pṛthustanī . yuvatiścaikaśṛṅgo'pi gaṇḍakaḥ parikīrtitaḥ .. ityevamādiśabdaśravaṇāttathāvidhāneva caitrahaṃsādīnavalokya tathā satyāpayati yadā, tadā tadapi saṃkalanājñānamuktam, darśanasmaraṇasambhavatvāviśeṣāt . yathā vā audīcyena kramelakaṃ nindatoktam dhikkarabhamatidīrghavakragrīvaṃ pralamboṣṭhaṃ kaṭhoratīkṣṇakaṇṭakāśinaṃ kutsitāvayavasanniveśamapaśadaṃ paśūnāmiti . tadupaśrutya dākṣiṇātya uttarāpathaṃ gatastādṛśaṃ vastūpalabhya nūnamayamartho'sya karabhaśabdasyaiti yadavaiti tadapi darśanasmaraṇakāraṇakatvāt saṅkalanājñānaṃ pratyabhijñānam .

1.2.11

yeṣāṃ tu sādṛśyaviṣayamupamānākhyaṃ pramāṇāntaraṃ teṣāṃ vailakṣaṇyādiviṣayaṃ pramāṇāntaramanuṣajyeta . yadāhuḥ--

1.2.12

upamānaṃ prasiddhārthasādharmyāt sādhyasādhanam .
tadvaidharmyāt pramāṇaṃ kiṃ syāt saṃjñipratipādanam .. laghīya॰ 3. 10

1.2.13

idamalpaṃ mahad dūramāsannaṃ prāṃśu neti vā .
vyapekṣātaḥ samakṣe'rthe vikalpaḥ sādhanāntaram .. laghīya॰ 3. 12 iti .

1.2.14

atha sādharmyamupalakṣaṇaṃ yogavibhāgo vā kariṣyata iti cet; tarhyakuśalaḥ sūtrakāraḥ syāt, sūtrasya lakṣaṇarahitatvāt . yadāhuḥ-alpākṣaramasandigdhaṃ sāravadviśvatomukham . astobhamanavadyaṃ ca sūtraṃ sūtravido viduḥ .. astobhamanadhikam .

1.2.15

nanu tatiti smaraṇam idam iti pratyakṣamiti jñānadvayameva, na tābhyāmanyat pratyabhijñānākhyaṃ pramāṇamutpaśyāmaḥ . naitadyuktam, smaraṇapratyakṣābhyāṃ pratyabhijñāviṣayasyārthasya grahītumaśakyatvāt . pūrvāparākāraikadhurīṇaṃ hi dravyaṃ pratyabhijñānasya viṣayaḥ . na ca tat smaraṇasya gocarastasyānubhūtaviṣayatvāt . yadāhuḥ-pūrvapramitamātre hi jāyate sa iti smṛtiḥ . sa evāyamitīyaṃ tu pratyabhijñā'tirekiṇī .. tattvasaṃ॰ kā॰ 453 nāpi pratyakṣasya gocaraḥ, tasya vartamānavivarttamātravṛttitvāt . na ca darśanasmaraṇābhyāmanyad jñānaṃ nāsti, darśanasmaraṇottarakālabhāvino jñānāntarasyānubhūteḥ . na cānubhūyamānasyāpalāpo yuktaḥ atiprasaṅgāt .

1.2.16

nanu pratyakṣamevedaṃ pratyabhijñānam ityeke . naivam, tasya sannihitavārtamānikārthaviṣayatvāt . sambaddhaṃ vartamānaṃ ca gṛhyate cakṣurādinā ślokavā॰ sūtra 4 ślo॰ 84 iti mā sma vismaraḥ . tato nātītavartamānayorekatvamadhyakṣajñānagocaraḥ . atha smaraṇasaha kṛtamindriyaṃ tadekatvaviṣayaṃ pratyakṣamupajanayatīti pratyakṣarūpatāsya gīyata iti cet; na, svaviṣayaviniyamitamūrterindriyasya viṣayāntare sahakāriśatasamavadhāne'pyapravṛtteḥ . nahi parimalasmaraṇasahāyamapi cakṣurindriyamaviṣaye gandhādau pravarttate . aviṣayaścātītavartamānāvasthāvyāpyekaṃ dravyamindriyāṇām . nāpyadṛṣṭasahakārisahitamindriyamekatvaviṣayamiti vaktuṃ yuktam uktādeva hetoḥ . kiṃca, adṛṣṭasavyapekṣādevātmanastadvijñānaṃ bhavatīti varaṃ vaktuṃ yuktam . dṛśyate hi svapnavidyādisaṃskṛtādātmano viṣayāntare'pi viśiṣṭajñānotpattiḥ . nanu yathāñjanādisaṃskṛtaṃ cakṣuḥ sātiśayaṃ bhavati tathā smaraṇasahakṛtamekatvaviṣayaṃ bhaviṣyati . naivam, indriyasya svaviṣayānatilaṅghanenaivātiśayopalabdheḥ, na viṣayāntaragrahaṇarūpeṇa . yadāha bhaṭṭaḥ-yaścāpyatiśayo dṛṣṭaḥ sa svārthānatilaṅghanāt . dūrasūkṣmādidṛṣṭau syāt na rūpe śrotravṛttitaḥ .. ślokavā॰ sūtra 2 ślo॰ 114 iti . tat sthitametat viṣayabhedātpratyakṣādanyatparokṣāntargataṃ pratyabhijñānamiti .

1.2.17

na caitadapramāṇam visaṃvādābhāvāt . kvacidvisaṃvādādaprāmāṇye pratyakṣasyāpi tathā prasaṅgo durnivāraḥ . pratyabhijñānaparicchinnasya cātmādīnāmekatvasyābhāve bandhamokṣavyavasthā nopapadyate . ekasyaiva hi baddhatve muktatve ca baddho duḥkhitamātmānaṃ jānan muktisukhārthī prayateta . bhede tvanya eva duḥkhyanya eva sukhīti kaḥ kimarthaṃ vā prayateta ? . tasmātsakalasya dṛṣṭādṛṣṭavyavahārasyaikatvamūlatvādekatvasya ca pratyabhijñāyattajīvitatvādbhavati pratyabhijñā pramāṇamiti .. 4 ..

1.2.18

athohasya lakṣaṇamāha--

1.2.19

upalambhaḥ pramāṇamātramatra gṛhyate na pratyakṣameva anumeyasyāpi sādhanasya sambhavāt, pratyakṣavadanumeyeṣvapi vyāpteravirodhāt . vyāptiḥ vakṣyamāṇā tasyā jñānam tadgrāhī nirṇayaviśeṣa ūhaḥ .

1.2.20

na cāyaṃ vyāptigrahaḥ pratyakṣādeveti vaktavyam . nahi pratyakṣaṃ yāvān kaścid dhūmaḥ sa deśāntare kālāntare vā pāvakasyaiva kāryaṃ nārthāntarasyetīyato vyāpārān kartuṃ samarthaṃ sannihitaviṣayabalotpatteravicārakatvācca .

1.2.21

nāpyanumānāt, tasyāpi vyāptigrahaṇakāle yogīva pramātā sampadyata itye vaṃbhūtabhārāsamarthatvāt . sāmarthye'pi prakṛtamevānumānaṃ vyāptigrāhakam, anumānāntaraṃ vā ? . tatra prakṛtānumānāt vyāptipratipattāvitaretarāśrayaḥ . vyāptau hi pratipannāyāmanumānamātmānamāsādayati, tadātmalābhe ca vyāptipratipattiriti . anumānāntarāttu vyāptipratipattāvanavasthā tasyāpi gṛhītavyāptikasyaiva prakṛtānumānavyāptigrāhakatvāt . tadvyāptigrahaśca yadi svata eva, tadā pūrveṇa kimaparāddhaṃ yenānumānāntaraṃ mṛgyate . anumānāntareṇa cet; tarhi yugasahasreṣvapi vyāptigrahaṇāsambhavaḥ .

1.2.22

nanu yadi nirvikalpakaṃ pratyakṣamavicārakam tarhi tatpṛṣṭhabhāvī vikalpo vyāptiṃ grahīṣyatīti cet; naitat, nirvikalpakena vyāpteragrahaṇe vikalpena grahītumaśakyatvāt nirvikalpakagṛhītārthaviṣayatvādvikalpasya . atha nirvikalpakaviṣayanirapekṣo'rthāntaragocaro vikalpaḥ; sa tarhi pramāṇamapramāṇaṃ vā ? . pramāṇatve pratyakṣānumānātiriktaṃ pramāṇāntaraṃ titikṣitavyam . aprāmāṇye tu tato vyāptigrahaṇaśraddhā ṣaṇḍhāttanayadohadaḥ . etena--anu palambhāt kāraṇavyāpakānupalambhācca kāryakāraṇavyāpyavyāpakabhāvāvagamaḥ iti pratyuktam, anupalambhasya pratyakṣaviśeṣatvena kāraṇavyāpakānupalambhayośca liṅgatvena tajjanitasya tasyānumānatvāt, pratyakṣānumānābhyāṃ ca vyāptigrahaṇe doṣasyābhihitatvāt .

1.2.23

vaiśeṣikāstu pratyakṣaphalenohāpohavikalpajñānena vyāptipratipattirityāhuḥ . teṣāmapyadhyakṣaphalasya pratyakṣānumānayoranyataratve vyāpteraviṣayīkaraṇam, tadanyatve ca pramāṇāntaratvaprasaktiḥ . atha vyāptivikalpasya phalatvānna pramāṇatvamanuyoktuṃ yuktam; na, etatphalasyānumānalakṣaṇaphalahetutayā pramāṇatvāvirodhāt sannikarṣaphalasya viśeṣaṇajñānasyeva viśeṣyajñānāpekṣayeti .

1.2.24

yaugāstu tarkasahitāt pratyakṣādeva vyāptigraha ityāhuḥ . teṣāmapi yadi na kevalāt pratyakṣādvyāptigrahaḥ kintu tarkasahakṛtāt tarhi tarkādeva vyāptigraho'stu . kimasya tapasvino yaśomārjanena, pratyakṣasya vā tarkaprasādalabdhavyāptigrahāpalāpakṛtaghnatvāropeṇeti ? . atha tarkaḥ pramāṇaṃ na bhavatīti na tato vyāptigrahaṇamiṣyate . kutaḥ punarasya na pramāṇatvam, avyabhicārastāvadihāpi pramāṇāntarasādhāraṇo'styeva ? . vyāptilakṣaṇena viṣayeṇa viṣa yavattvamapi na nāsti . tasmāt pramāṇāntarāgṛhītavyāptigrahaṇapravaṇaḥ pramāṇāntaramūhaḥ .. 5 ..

1.2.25

vyāptiṃ lakṣayati--

1.2.26

vyāptiḥ iti yo vyāpnoti yaśca vyāpyate tayorubhayordharmaḥ . tatra yadā vyāpakadharmatayā vivakṣyate tadā vyāpakasya gamyasya vyāpye dharmme sati, yatra dharmiṇi vyāpyamasti tatra sarvatra bhāva eva vyāpakasya svagato dharmo vyāptiḥ . tataśca vyāpyabhāvāpekṣā vyāpyasyaiva vyāptatāpratītiḥ . natvevamavadhāryate--vyāpakasyaiva vyāpye sati bhāva iti, hetvabhāvaprasaṅgāt avyāpakasyāpi mūrtatvādestatra bhāvāt . nāpi--vyāpye satyevetyavadhāryate, prayatnānantarīyakatvāderahetutvāpatteḥ, sādhāraṇaśca hetuḥ syānnityatvasya prameyeṣveva bhāvāt .

1.2.27

yadā tu vyāpyadharmatayā vyāptirvivakṣyate tadā vyāpyasya vā gamakasya tatraiva vyāpake gamye sati yatra dharmiṇi vyāpako'sti tatraiva bhāvaḥ na tadabhāve'pi vyāptiriti . atrāpi naivamavadhāryate--vyāpyasyaiva tatra bhāva iti, hetvabhāvaprasaṅgādavyāpyasyāpi tatra bhāvāt . nāpi--vyāpyasya tatra bhāva eveti, sapakṣaikadeśavṛtterahetutvaprāpteḥ sādhāraṇasya ca hetutvaṃ syāt, prameyatvasya nityeṣvavaśyaṃbhāvāditi .

1.2.28

vyāpyavyāpakadharmatāsaṅkīrtanaṃ tu vyāpterubhayatra tulyadharmatayaikākārā pratītirmā bhūditi pradarśanārtham . tathāhi--pūrvatrāyogavyavacchedenāvadhāraṇam uttaratrānyayogavyavacchedeneti kuta ubhayatraikākāratā vyāpteḥ ? . taduktam--

1.2.29

liṅge liṅgī bhavatyeva liṅginyevetarat punaḥ .
niyamasya viparyāse'sambandho liṅgaliṅginoḥ .. iti .. 6 ..

1.2.30

atha kramaprāptamanumānaṃ lakṣayati--

1.2.31

sādhanaṃ sādhyaṃ ca vakṣyamāṇalakṣaṇam . dṛṣṭādupadiṣṭādvā sādhanāt yat sādhyasya vijñānam samyagarthanirṇayātmakaṃ tadanumīyate'neneti anumānam liṅgagrahaṇasambandhasmaraṇayoḥ paścāt paricchedanam .. 7 ..

1.2.32

tat anumānaṃ dviprakāraṃ svārtha-parārthabhedāt . svavyāmohanivartanakṣamam svārtham . paravyāmohanivartanakṣamam parārtham .. 8 ..

1.2.33

tatra svārthaṃ lakṣayati--

1.2.34

sādhyaṃ vinā'bhavanaṃ sādhyāvinābhāvaḥ svenātmanā niścitaḥ sādhyāvinābhāva evaikaṃ lakṣaṇaṃ yasya tat svaniścitasādhyāvinābhāvaikalakṣaṇam tasmāttathāvidhāt sādhanāt liṅgāt sādhyasya liṅgino jñānama svārtham anumānam . iha ca na yogyatayā liṅgaṃ parokṣārthapratipatteraṅgam, yathā bījamaṅkurasya, adṛṣṭād dhūmādagnerapratipatteḥ nāpi svaniścayajñānāpekṣaṃ yathā pradīpo ghaṭādeḥ, dṛṣṭādapyaniścitāvinābhāvādapratipatteḥ . tasmātparokṣārthanāntarīyakatayā niścayanameva liṅgasya vyāpāra iti niścitagrahaṇam .

1.2.35

nanu cāsiddhaviruddhānaikāntikahetvābhāsanirākaraṇārthaṃ hetoḥ pakṣadharmatvam, sapakṣe sattvam, vipakṣād vyāvṛttiriti trailakṣaṇyamācakṣate bhikṣavaḥ . tathāhi--anumeye dharmiṇi liṅgasya sattvameva niścitamityekaṃ rūpam . atra sattvavacanenāsiddhaṃ cākṣuṣatvādi nirastam . evakāreṇa pakṣaikadeśāsiddho nirasto yathā anityāni pṛthivyādīni bhūtāni gandhavattvāt . atra pakṣīkṛteṣu pṛthivyādiṣu caturṣu bhūteṣu pṛthivyāmeva gandhavattvam . sattvavacanasya paścātkṛtenaivakāreṇāsādhāraṇo dharmo nirastaḥ . yadi hyanumeya eva sattvamityucyeta śrāvaṇatvameva hetuḥ syāt . niścitagrahaṇena sandigdhāsiddhaḥ sarvo nirastaḥ . sapakṣe eva sattvaṃ niścitamiti dvitīyaṃ rūpam . ihāpi sattvagrahaṇena viruddho nirastaḥ . sa hi nāsti sapakṣe . evakāreṇa sādhāraṇānaikāntikaḥ, sa hi na sapakṣe eva vartate kiṃ tu vipakṣe'pi . sattvagrahaṇāt pūrvamavadhāraṇakaraṇena sapakṣāvyāpino'pi prayatnānantarīyakatvāderhetutvamuktam, paścādavadhāraṇe hi ayamarthaḥ syāt--sapakṣe sattvameva yasya sa heturiti prayatnānantarīyakatvaṃ na hetuḥ syāt . niścitavacanena sandigdhānvayo'naikāntiko nirastaḥ yathā sarvajñaḥ kaścidvaktṛtvāt, vaktṛtvaṃ hi sapakṣe sarvajñe sandigdham . vipakṣe tvasattvameva niścitamiti tṛtīyaṃ rūpam . tatrāsattvagrahaṇena viruddhasya nirāsaḥ . viruddho hi vipakṣe'sti . evakāreṇa sādhāraṇasya vipakṣaikadeśavṛtternirāsaḥ, prayatnānantarīyakatve hi sādhye'nityatvaṃ vipakṣaikadeśe vidyudādāvasti, ākāśādau nāsti . tato niyamenāsya nirāso'sattvaśabdāt . pūrvasminnavadhāraṇe hi ayamarthaḥ syāt--vipakṣa eva yo nāsti sa hetuḥ, tathā ca prayatnānantarīyakatvaṃ sapakṣe'pi nāsti tato na hetuḥ syāttataḥ pūrvaṃ na kṛtam . niścitagrahaṇena sandigdhavipakṣavyāvṛttiko'naikāntiko nirastaḥ . tadevaṃ trairūpyameva hetorasiddhādidoṣaparihārakṣamamiti tadevābhyupagantuṃ yuktamiti kimekalakṣaṇakatveneti ? .

1.2.36

tadayuktam, avinābhāvaniyamaniścayādeva doṣatrayaparihāropapatteḥ . avinābhāvo hyanyathānupapannatvam . taccāsiddhasya viruddhasya vyabhicāriṇo vā na sambhavati . trairūpye tu satyapyavinābhāvābhāve hetoragamakatvadarśanāt, yathā sa śyāmo maitratanayatvāt itaramaitraputravadityatra . atha vipakṣānniyamavatī vyāvṛttistatra na dṛśyate tato na gamakatvam; tarhi tasyā evāvinābhāvarūpatvāditararūpasadbhāve'pi tadabhāve hetoḥ svasādhyasiddhiṃ prati gamakatvāniṣṭau saiva pradhānaṃ lakṣaṇamastu . tatsadbhāve'pararūpadvayanirapekṣatayā gamakatvopapatteśca, yathā santyadvaitavādino'pi pramāṇāni iṣṭāniṣṭasādhanadūṣaṇānyathānupapapatteḥ . na cātra pakṣadharmatvaṃ sapakṣe sattvaṃ cāsti, kevalamavinābhāvamātreṇa gamakatvopapattiḥ . nanu pakṣadharmatā'bhāve śvetaḥ prāsādaḥ kākasya kārṣṇyādityādayo'pi hetavaḥ prasajyeran; naivam, avinābhāvabalenaivāpakṣadharmāṇāmapi gamakatvābhyupagamāt . na ceha so'sti . tato'vinābhāva eva hetoḥ pradhānaṃ lakṣaṇamabhyupagantavyam, sati tasminnasatyapi trailakṣaṇye hetorgamakatvadarśanāt . na tu trairūpyaṃ hetulakṣaṇam avyāpakatvāt . tathā ca sarvaṃ kṣaṇikaṃ sattvādityatra mūrddhābhiṣikte sādhane saugataiḥ sapakṣe'sato'pi hetoḥ sattvasya gamakatvamiṣyata eva . taduktam--

1.2.37

anyathā'nupapannatvaṃ yatra tatra trayeṇa kim ? .
nānyathānupapannatvaṃ yatra tatra trayeṇa kim ? .. iti .

1.2.38

etena pañcalakṣaṇakatvamapi naiyāyikoktaṃ pratyuktam, tasyāpyavinābhāvaprapañcatvāt . tathāhi--trairūpyaṃ pūrvoktam, abādhitaviṣayatvam, asatpratipakṣatvaṃ ceti pañca rūpāṇi . tatra pratyakṣāgamabādhitakarmanirdeśānantaraprayuktatvaṃ bādhitaviṣayatvaṃ yathā'nuṣṇastejovayavī kṛtakatvāt ghaṭavat . brāhmaṇena surā peyā dravadravyatvāt kṣīravat iti . tanniṣedhādabādhitaviṣayatvam . pratipakṣahetubādhitatvaṃ satpratipakṣatvaṃ yathā'nityaḥ śabdo nityadharmānupalabdheḥ . atra pratipakṣahetuḥ--nityaḥ śabdo'nityadharmānupalabdheriti . tanniṣedhādasatpratipakṣatvam . tatra bādhitaviṣayasya satpratipakṣasya cāvinābhāvābhāvādavinābhāvenaiva rūpadvayamapi saṅgṛhītam . yadāha--bādhāvinābhāvayorvirodhāt hetu॰ pari॰ 4 iti . api ca, svalakṣaṇalakṣitapakṣaviṣayatvābhāvāt taddoṣeṇaiva doṣadvayamidaṃ caritārthaṃ kiṃ punarvacanena ? . tat sthitametat sādhyāvinābhauvakalakṣaṇāditi .. 9 ..

1.2.39

tatrāvinābhāvaṃ lakṣayati--

1.2.40

sahabhāvinoḥekasāmagryadhīnayoḥ phalādigatayo rūparasayoḥ vyāpyavyāpakayośca śiṃśapātvavṛkṣatvayoḥ, kramabhāvinoḥ kṛttikodayaśakaṭodayayoḥ, kāryakāraṇayośca dhūmadhūmadhvajayoryathāsaṅkhyaṃ yaḥ sahakramabhāvaniyamaḥ--sahabhāvinoḥ sahabhāvaniyamaḥ kramabhāvinoḥ kramabhāvaniyamaḥ, sādhyasādhanayoriti prakaraṇāllabhyate saḥ avinābhāvaḥ .. 10 ..

1.2.41

athaivaṃvidho'vinābhāvo niścitaḥ sādhyapratipattyaṅgamityuktam . tanniścayaśca kutaḥ pramāṇāt ? . na tāvat pratyakṣāt, tasyaindriyakasya sannihitaviṣayaviniyamitavyāpāratvāt . manastu yadyapi sarvaviṣayaṃ tathāpīndriyagṛhītārthagocaratvenaiva tasya pravṛttiḥ . anyathāndha-badhirādyabhāvaprasaṅgaḥ . sarvaviṣayatā tu sakalendriyagocarārthaviṣayatvenaivocyate na svātantryeṇa . yogipratyakṣeṇa tvavinābhāvagrahaṇe'numeyārthapratipattireva tato'stu, kiṃ tapasvinā'numānena ? . anumānāttvavinābhāvaniścaye'navasthetaretarāśrayadoṣaprasaṅga ukta eva . na ca pramāṇāntaramevaṃvidhaviṣayagrahaṇapravaṇamastītyāha--

1.2.42

ūhāttarkāduktalakṣaṇāttasyāvinābhāvasya niścayaḥ .. 11 ..

1.2.43

lakṣitaṃ parīkṣitaṃ ca sādhanam . idānīṃ tat vibhajati--

1.2.44

svabhāvādīni catvāri vidheḥ sādhanāni, virodhi tu niṣedhasyeti pañcavidham sādhanam . svabhāvaḥ yathā śabdānityatve sādhye kṛtakatvaṃ śrāvaṇatvaṃ vā .

1.2.45

nanu śrāvaṇatvasyāsādhāraṇatvāt kathaṃ vyāptisiddhiḥ ? . viparyaye bādhakapramāṇabalāt sattvasyeveti brūmaḥ . na caivaṃ sattvameva hetuḥ tadviśeṣasyotpattimattva-kṛtakatvaprayatnānantarīyakatva-pratyayabhedabheditvāderahetutvāpatteḥ . kiṃca, kimidamasādhāraṇatvaṃ nāma ? . yadi pakṣa eva vartamānatvam; tat sarvasmin kṣaṇike sādhye sattvasyāpi samānam . sādhyadharmavataḥ pakṣasyāpi sapakṣatā cet; iha kaḥ pradveṣaḥ ? . pakṣādanyasyaiva sapakṣatve lohalekhyaṃ vajraṃ pārthivatvāt kāṣṭhavadityatra pārthivatvamapi lohalekhyatāṃ vajre gamayet . anyathānupapatterabhāvānneti cet; idameva tarhi hetulakṣaṇamastu . apakṣadharmasyāpi sādhanatvāpattiriti cet; astu yadyavinābhāvo'sti, śakaṭodaye kṛttikodayasya, sarvajñasadbhāve saṃvādina upadeśasya gamakatvadarśanāt . kākasya kārṣṇyaṃ na prāsāde dhāvalyaṃ vinānupapadyamānamityanekāntādagamakam . tathā, ghaṭe cākṣuṣatvaṃ śabde'nityatāṃ vināpyupapadyamānamiti . tanna śrāvaṇatvādirasādhāraṇo'pyanityatāṃ vyabhicarati . nanu kṛtakatvācchabdasyānityatve sādhye paryāyavad dravye'pyanityatā prāpnoti . naivam, paryāyāṇāmevānityatāyāḥ sādhyatvāt, anuktamapīcchāviṣayīkṛtaṃ sādhyaṃ bhavatīti kiṃ sma prasmarati bhavān ? . nanu kṛtakatvānityatvayostādātmye sādhanavat sādhyasya siddhatvam, sādhyavacca sādhanasya sādhyatvaṃ prasajati . satyametat, kiṃ tu mohanivartanārthaḥ prayogaḥ . yadāha--

1.2.46

sāderapi na sāntatvaṃ vyāmohādyo'dhigacchati .
sādhyasādhanataikasya taṃ prati syānna doṣabhāk ..

1.2.47

kāraṇaṃ yathā bāṣpabhāvena maśakavartirūpatayā vā sandihyamāne dhūme'gniḥ, viśiṣṭameghonnatirvā vṛṣṭau . kathamayamābālagopālāvipālāṅganādiprasiddho'pi nopalabdhaḥ sūkṣmadarśināpi nyāyavādinā ? . kāraṇaviśeṣadarśanāddhi sarvaḥ kāryārthī pravartate . sa tu viśeṣo jñātavyo yo'vyabhicārī . kāraṇatvaniścayādeva pravṛttiriti cet; astvasau liṅgaviśeṣaniścayaḥ pratyakṣakṛtaḥ, phale tu bhāvini nānumānādanyannibandhanamutpaśyāmaḥ . kvacid vyabhicārāt sarvasya hetorahetutve kāryasyāpi tathā prasaṅgaḥ . bāṣpāderakāryatvānneti cet; atrāpi yat yato na bhavati na tat tasya kāraṇamityadoṣaḥ . yathaiva hi kiñcit kāraṇamuddiśya kiñcitkāryam, tathaiva kiñcit kāryamuddiśya kiñcit kāraṇam . yadvadevājanakaṃ prati na kāryatvam, tadvadevājanyaṃ prati na kāraṇatvamiti nānayoḥ kaścidviśeṣaḥ . api ca rasādekasāmagryanumānena rūpānumānamicchatā nyāyavādineṣṭameva kāraṇasya hetutvam . yadāha--

1.2.48

ekasāmagryadhīnasya rūpāde rasato gatiḥ .
hetudharmānumānena dhūmendhanavikāravat .. pramāṇavā॰ 1. 10 iti .

1.2.49

na ca vayamapi yasya kasyacit kāraṇasya hetutvaṃ brūmaḥ . api tu yasya na mantrādinā śaktipratibandho na vā kāraṇāntaravaikalyam . tat kuto vijñāyata iti cet; asti tāvadviguṇāditarasya viśeṣaḥ . tatparijñānaṃ tu prāyaḥ pāṃśurapādānāmapyasti . yadāhuḥ--

1.2.50

gambhīragarjitārambhanirbhinnagirigahvarāḥ .
tvaṅgattaḍillatāsaṅgapiśaṅgottuṅgavigrahāḥ .. nyāyama॰ pṛ॰ 129

1.2.51

rolambagavalavyālatamālamalinatviṣaḥ .
vṛṣṭiṃ vyabhicarantīha naivaṃprāyāḥ payomucaḥ ..nyāyama॰ pṛ॰ 126 iti .

1.2.52

kāryam yathā vṛṣṭau viśiṣṭanadīpūraḥ, kṛśānau dhūmaḥ, caitanye prāṇādiḥ . pūrasya vaiśiṣṭyaṃ kathaṃ vijñāyata iti cet; uktamatra naiyāyikaiḥ . yadāhuḥ-āvartabartanāśāliviśālakaluṣodakaḥ . kallolabikaṭāsphālasphuṭaphenacchaṭāṅkitaḥ .. vahadbahalaśevālaphalaśādvalasaṅkulaḥ . nadīpūraviśeṣo'pi śakyate na na veditum ..nyāyama॰ pṛ॰ 130 iti dhūmaprāṇādīnāmapi kāryatvaniścayo na duṣkaraḥ . yadāhuḥ--

1.2.53

kāryaṃ dhūmo hutabhujaḥ kāryadharmānuvṛttitaḥ .
sa bhavaṃstadabhāve'pi hetumattāṃ vilaṅghayet .. pramāṇavā॰ 1. 35

1.2.54

kāraṇābhāve'pi kāryasya bhāve ahetutvamanyahetutvaṃ vā bhavet . ahetutve sadā sattvamasattvaṃ vā bhavet . anyahetutve dṛṣṭādanyato'pi bhavato na dṛṣṭajanyatā anyābhāve'pi dṛṣṭādbhavato nānyahetukatvamityahetukataiva syāt . tatra coktam--yastvanyato'pi bhavannupalabdho na tasya dhūmatvaṃ hetubhedāt . kāraṇaṃ ca bahirdhūmasya ityuktam . api ca--

1.2.55

agnisvabhāvaḥ śakrasya mūrddhā yadyagnireva saḥ .
athānagnisvabhāvo'sau dhūmastatra kathaṃ bhavet .. pramāṇavā॰ 1. 37 iti .

1.2.56

tathā cetanāṃ vinānupapadyamānaḥ kāryaṃ prāṇādiranumāpayati tāṃ śrāvaṇatvamivānityatām, viparyaye bādhakavaśātsattvasyevāsyāpi vyāptisiddherityuktaprāyam . tanna prāṇādirasādhāraṇo'pi cetanāṃ vyabhicarati .

1.2.57

kiṃca, nānvayo heto rūpaṃ tadabhāve hetvābhāsābhāvāt . vipakṣa eva san viruddhaḥ, vipakṣe'pi--anaikāntikaḥ, sarvajñatve sādhye vaktṛtvasyāpi vyatirekābhāva eva hetvābhāsatve nimittam, nānvayasandeha iti nyāyavādināpi vyatirekābhāvādeva hetvābhāsāvuktau . asādhāraṇo'pi yadi sādhyābhāve'sanniti niścīyeta tadā prakārāntarābhāvātsādhyamupasthāpayannānaikāntikaḥ syāt . api ca yadyanvayo rūpaṃ syāt tadā yathā vipakṣaikadeśavṛtteḥ kathañcidavyatirekādagamakatvam, evaṃ sapakṣaikadeśavṛtterapi syāt kathañcidananvayāt . yadāha-rūpaṃ yadyanvayo hetorvyatirekavadiṣyate . sa sapakṣobhayo na syādasapakṣobhayo yathā .. sapakṣa eva sattvamanvayo na sapakṣe sattvameveti cet; astu, sa tu vyatireka evetyasmanmatamevāṅgīkṛtaṃ syāt . vayamapi hi pratyapīpadāma anyathānupapattyekalakṣaṇo heturiti .

1.2.58

tathā, ekasminnarthe dṛṣṭe'dṛṣṭe vā samavāyyāśritaṃ sādhanaṃ sādhyena . taccaikārthasamavāyitvam ekaphalādigatayo rūparasayoḥ, śakaṭodaya-kṛttikodayayoḥ, candrodaya-samudravṛddhdyoḥ, vṛṣṭi-sāṇḍapipīlikākṣobhayoḥ, nāgavallīdāha-patrakothayoḥ . tatra ekārthasamavāyī raso rūpasya, rūpaṃ vā rasasya; nahi samānakālabhāvinoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvaḥ sambhavati .

1.2.59

nanu samānakālakāryajanakaṃ kāraṇamanumāsyate iti cet; na tarhi kāryamanumitaṃ syāt . kāraṇānumāne sāmarthyāt kāryamanumitameva, janyābhāve janakatvābhāvā diti cet; hantaivaṃ kāraṇaṃ kāryasyānumāpakamityaniṣṭamāpadyeta . śakaṭodayakṛttikodayādīnāṃ tu yathā'vinābhāvaṃ sādhyasādhanabhāvaḥ . yadāha-ekārthasamavāyastu yathā yeṣāṃ tathaiva te . gamakā gamakastanna śakaṭaḥ kṛttikoditeḥ .. evamanyeṣvapi sādhaneṣu vācyam . nanu kṛtakatvānityatvayorekārthasamavāyaḥ kasmānneṣyate ?; na, tayorekatvāt . yadāha--

1.2.60

ādyantāpekṣiṇī sattā kṛtakatvamanityatā .
ekaiva hetuḥ sādhyaṃ ca dvayaṃ naikāśrayaṃ tataḥ .. iti .

1.2.61

svabhāvādīnāṃ caturṇāṃ sādhanānāṃ vidhisādhanatā, niṣedhasādhanatvaṃ tu virodhinaḥ . sa hi svasannidhānenetarasya pratiṣedhaṃ sādhayati anyathā virodhāsiddheḥ .

1.2.62

caśabdo yata ete svabhāvakāraṇakāryavyāpakā anyathānupapannāḥ svasādhyamupasthāpayanti tata eva tadabhāve svayaṃ na bhavanti, teṣāmanupalabdhirapyabhāvasādhanītyāha . tatra svabhāvānupalabdhiryathā nātra ghaṭaḥ, draṣṭuṃ yogyasyānupalabdheḥ . kāraṇānupalabdhiryathā nātra dhūmo'gnyabhāvāt . kāryānupalabdhiryathā nātrāpratibaddhasāmarthyāni dhūmakāraṇāni santi dhūmābhāvāt . vyāpakānupalabdhiryathā nātra śiṃśapā vṛkṣābhāvāt .

1.2.63

virodhi tu pratiṣedhyasya tatkāryakāraṇavyāpakānāṃ ca viruddhaṃ viruddhakāryaṃ ca . yathā na śītasparśaḥ, nāpratibaddhasāmarthyāni śītakāraṇāni, na romaharṣaviśeṣāḥ, na tuṣārasparśaḥ, agnerdhūmādveti prayoganānātvamiti .. 12 ..

1.2.64

sādhanaṃ lakṣayitvā vibhajya ca sādhyasya lakṣaṇamāha--

1.2.65

sādhayitumiṣṭaṃ siṣādhayiṣitam . anena sādhayitumaniṣṭasya sādhyatvavyavacchedaḥ, yathā vaiśeṣikasya nityaḥ śabda iti . śāstroktatvādvaiśeṣikeṇābhyupagatasyāpyākāśaguṇatvāderna sādhyatvam, tadā sādhayitumaniṣṭatvāt . iṣṭaḥ punaranukto'pi pakṣo bhavati, yathā parārthāścakṣurādayaḥ saṅghātatvācchayanāśanādyaṅgavadityatra parārthā ityātmārthāḥ . buddhimatkāraṇapūrvakaṃ kṣityādi kāryatvādityatrā'śarīrasarvajñapūrvakatvamiti .

1.2.66

asiddhamityanenānadhyavasāya-saṃśaya-viparyayaviṣayasya vastunaḥ sādhyatvam, na siddhasya yathā śrāvaṇaḥ śabda iti . nānupalabdhe na nirṇīte nyāyaḥ pravartate nyāyabhā॰ 1. 1. 1 iti hi sarvapārṣadam .

1.2.67

abādhyam ityanena pratyakṣādibādhitasya sādhyatvaṃ mā bhūdityāha . etat sādhyasya lakṣaṇam . pakṣaḥ iti sādhyasyaiva nāmāntarametat .. 13 ..

1.2.68

abādhyagrahaṇavyavacchedyāṃ bādhāṃ darśayati--

1.2.69

pratyakṣādīni tadviruddhārthopasthāpanena bādhakatvāt bādhāḥ . tatra pratyakṣabādhā yathā anuṣṇo'gniḥ, na madhu madhuram, na sugandhi vidalanmālatīmukulam, acākṣuṣo ghaṭaḥ, aśrāvaṇaḥ śabdaḥ, nāsti bahirartha ityādi . anumānabādhā yathā saroma hastatalam, nityaḥ śabda iti vā . atrānupalambhena kṛtakatvena cānumānabādhā . āgamabādhā yathā pretyā'sukhaprado dharma iti . paraloke sukhapradatvaṃ dharmasya sarvāgamasiddham . lokabādhā yathā śuci naraśiraḥkapālamiti . loke hi naraśiraḥkapālādīnāmaśucitvaṃ suprasiddham . svavacanabādhā yathā mātā me vandhyeti . pratītibādhā yathā acandraḥ śaśīti . atra śaśinaścandraśabdavācyatvaṃ pratītisiddhamiti pratītibādhā .. 14 ..

1.2.70

atra sādhyaṃ dharmaḥ, dharmadharmisamudāyo veti saṃśayavyavacchedāyāha--

1.2.71

sādhyam sādhyaśabdavācyaṃ pakṣaśabdābhidheyamityarthaḥ . kimityāha sādhyadharmeṇa anityatvādinā viśiṣṭo dharmī śabdādiḥ . etat prayogakālāpekṣaṃ sādhyaśabdavācyatvam . kvacittu vyāptigrahaṇakāle dharmaḥ sādhyaśabdenocyate, anyathā vyāpteraghaṭanāt . nahi dhūmadarśanāt sarvatra parvato'gnimāniti vyāptiḥ śakyā kartuṃ pramāṇavirodhāditi .. 15 ..

1.2.72

dharmisvarūpanirūpaṇāyāha--

1.2.73

pramāṇaiḥ pratyakṣādibhiḥ prasiddho dharmī bhavati yathāgnimānayaṃ deśa iti . atra hi deśaḥ pratyakṣeṇa siddhaḥ . etena--sarva evānumānānumeyavyabahāro buddhyārūḍhena dharmadharminyāyena, na bahiḥ sadasattvamapekṣate iti saugataṃ mataṃ pratikṣipati . nahīyaṃ vikalpabuddhirantarbahirvā'nāsāditālambanā dharmiṇaṃ vyavasthāpayati, tadavāstavatve tadādhārasādhyasādhanayorapi vāstavatvānupapatteḥ tadbuddheḥ pāramparyeṇāpi vastuvyavasthāpakatvāyogāt . tato vikalpenānyena vā vyavasthāpitaḥ parvatādirviṣayabhāvaṃ bhajanneva dharmitāṃ pratipadyate . tathā ca sati pramāṇasiddhasya dharmitā yuktaiva .. 16 ..

1.2.74

apavādamāha--

1.2.75

naikāntena pramāṇasiddha eva dharmī kiṃtu vikalpabuddhiprasiddho'pi dharmī bhavati . api śabdena pramāṇa-buddhibhyāmubhābhyāmapi siddho dharmī bhavatīti darśayati . tatra buddhisiddhe dharmiṇi sādhyadharmaḥ sattvamasattvaṃ ca pramāṇabalena sādhyate yathā asti sarvajñaḥ, nāsti ṣaṣṭhaṃ bhūtamiti .

1.2.76

nanu dharmiṇi sākṣādasati bhāvābhāvobhayadharmāṇāmasiddhaviruddhānaikāntikatvenānumānaviṣayatvāyogāt kathaṃ sattvāsattvayoḥ sādhyatvam ? . tadāha--

1.2.77

nāsiddhe bhāvadharmo'sti vyabhicāryubhayāśrayaḥ .

1.2.78

viruddho dharmo'bhāvasya sā sattā sādhyate katham ? .. pramāṇavā॰ 1. 192-3 iti .

1.2.79

naivam, mānasapratyakṣe bhāvarūpasyaiva dharmiṇaḥ pratipannatvāt . na ca tatsiddhau tatsattvasyāpi pratipannatvād vyarthamanumānam, tadabhyupetamapi vaiyātyādyo na pratipadyate taṃ pratyanumānasya sāphalyāt . na ca mānasajñānāt kharaviṣāṇāderapi sadbhāvasambhāvanāto'tiprasaṅgaḥ, tajjñānasya bādhakapratyayaviplāvitasattākavastuviṣayatayā mānasapratyakṣābhāsatvāt . kathaṃ tarhi ṣaṣṭhabhūtāderdharmitvamiti cet; dharmiprayogakāle bādhakapratyayānudayātsattvasambhāvanopapatteḥ . na ca sarvajñādau sādhakapramāṇāsattvena sattvasaṃśītiḥ, suniścitā'sambhavadbādhakapramāṇatvena sukhādāviva sattvaniścayāttatra saṃśayāyogāt .

1.2.80

ubhayasiddho dharmī yathā anityaḥ śabda iti . nahi pratyakṣeṇārvāgdarśibhiraniyatadigdeśakālāvacchinnāḥ sarve śabdāḥ śakyā niścetumiti śabdasya pramāṇabuddhyubhayasiddhatā tenānityatvādirdharmaḥ prasādhyata iti .. 17 ..

1.2.81

nanu dṛṣṭānto'pyanumānāṅgatayā pratītaḥ . tat kathaṃ sādhyasādhane evānumānāṅgamukte na dṛṣṭāntaḥ ?, ityāha--

1.2.82

dṛṣṭāntaḥ vakṣyamāṇalakṣaṇo nānumānasya aṅgam kāraṇam .. 18 ..

1.2.83

kuta ityāha--

1.2.84

dṛṣṭāntarahitātsādhyānyathānupapattilakṣaṇāt sādhanāt anumānasya sādhyapratipattilakṣaṇasya bhāvānna dṛṣṭānto'numānāṅgamiti .

1.2.85

sa hi sādhyapratipattau vā, avinābhāvagrahaṇe vā, vyāptismaraṇe vopayujyeta ? . na tāvat prathamaḥ pakṣaḥ, yathoktādeva hetoḥ sādhyapratipatterupapatteḥ . nāpi dvitīyaḥ, vipakṣe bādhakādevāvinābhāvagrahaṇāt . kiṃca, vyaktirūpo dṛṣṭāntaḥ . sa kathaṃ sākalyena vyāptiṃ gamayet ? . vyaktyantareṣu vyāptyarthaṃ dṛṣṭāntāntaraṃ mṛgyam . tasyāpi vyaktirūpatvena sākalyena vyāpteravadhārayitumaśakyatvādaparāparadṛṣṭāntāpekṣāyāmanavasthā syāt . nāpi tṛtīyaḥ, gṛhītasambandhasya sādhanadarśanādeva vyāptismṛteḥ . agṛhītasambandhasya dṛṣṭānte'pyasmaraṇāt upalabdhipūrvakatvāt smaraṇasyeti .. 19 ..

1.2.86

dṛṣṭāntasya lakṣaṇamāha--

1.2.87

sa iti dṛṣṭānto lakṣyaṃ vyāptiḥlakṣitarūpā darśanam parasmai pratipādanaṃ tasya bhūmiḥāśraya iti lakṣaṇam .

1.2.88

nanu yadi dṛṣṭānto'numānāṅgaṃ na bhavati tarhi kimarthaṃ lakṣyate ? . ucyate . parārthānumāne bodhyānurodhādāpavādikasyodāharaṇasyānujñāsyamānatvāt . tasya ca dṛṣṭāntābhidhānarūpatvādupapannaṃ dṛṣṭāntasya lakṣaṇam . pramāturapi kasyacit dṛṣṭāntadṛṣṭabahirvyāptibalenāntarvyāptipratipattirbhavatīti svārthānumānaparvaṇyapi dṛṣṭāntalakṣaṇaṃ nānupapannam .. 20 ..

Linked texts (1)

Pramāṇamīmāṃsā — Hemacandra, Sanskrit