Uttarajjhayana 36

36.1

jīvājīvavibhatti suṇeha me egamanā io |
jaṃ jāṇiūṇa samaṇe sammaṃ jayai saṃjamaṃ ||

Hear from me now with single-minded attention the classification of soul and non-soul, / knowing which a śramaṇa properly exerts himself in self-restraint.

36.2

jīvā ceva ajīvā ya esa loe viyāhie |
ajīvadesamāgāse aloe se viyāhie ||

Soul and non-soul: this is what constitutes the world; / space as non-soul is explained as the non-world.

36.3

davvao khettao ceva kālao bhāvao tahā |
parūvaṇā tesi bhave jīvāṇamajīvāṇa ya ||

In terms of substance, place, time, and state, / their exposition should be made, both of souls and non-souls.

36.4

rūviṇo cevarūvī ya ajīvā duvihā bhave |
arūvī dasahā vuttā rūviṇo vi cauvvihā ||

Formless and having form: non-soul is of two kinds; / formless is said to be of ten kinds, and that having form of four kinds.

36.5

dhammatthikāe taddese tappaese ya āhie |
ahamme tassa dese ya tappaese ya āhie ||

The medium of motion, its portion, and its spatial point are taught; / the medium of rest, its portion, and its spatial point are taught;

36.6

āgāse tassa dese ya tappaese ya āhie |
addhāsamae ceva arūvī dasahā bhave ||

Space, its portion, and its spatial point are taught; / and time: thus the formless [non-soul] is of ten kinds.

36.7

dhammādhamme ya dovee logamittā viyāhiyā |
logāloge ya āgāse samae samayakhettie ||

The medium of motion and the medium of rest, both of these are taught to be of the extent of the world; / space is in the world and the non-world; time belongs to the region of time.

36.8

dhammādhammāgāsā tinni vi ee aṇāiyā |
apajjavasiyā ceva savvaddhaṃ tu viyāhiyā ||

The medium of motion, the medium of rest, and space: all three are without beginning, / without end, and explained as enduring for all time.

36.9

samae vi saṃtai pappa evameva viyāhie |
āesaṃ pappa sāīe sapajjavasie vi ya ||

Time also, with respect to continuity, is explained in the very same way; / but with respect to individual instances, it has a beginning and an end.

36.10

khaṃdhā ya khaṃdhadesā ya tappaesā taheva ya |
paramāṇuṇo ya boddhavvā rūviṇo ya cauvvihā ||

Aggregates, portions of aggregates, spatial points of them, / and ultimate atoms are to be known: thus having form is of four kinds.

36.11

egatteṇa puhatteṇa khaṃdhā ya paramāṇuṇo |
loegadese loe ya bhaiyavvā te u khettao ||

In singular and plural, aggregates and ultimate atoms / are to be distributed with respect to place in a part of the world and in the [whole] world.

Compound things and atoms occur as individual things and apart (or different from others), in the whole world and in parts of the world; this is their distribution with regard to place.

36.12

saṃtaiṃ pappa teṇāī apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

In view of their continuum they are without beginning and without end;
regarding their duration they have a beginning and have an end.

36.13

asaṃkhakālamukkosaṃ egaṃ samayaṃ jahanniyā |
ajīvāṇa ya rūvīṇaṃ ṭhiī esā viyāhiyā ||

The maximum is innumerable time, the minimum one single samaya:
this is declared to be the duration of the corporeal non-souls.

36.14

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ egaṃ samayaṃ jahannayaṃ |
ajīvāṇa ya rūvīṇa aṃtareyaṃ viyāhiyaṃ ||

The maximum is infinite time, the minimum one single samaya:
this is declared to be the interval of the corporeal non-souls.

36.15

vaṇṇao gaṃdhao ceva rasao phāsao tahā |
saṃṭhāṇao ya vinneo pariṇāmo tesi paṃcahā ||

By color, by smell, by taste, and by touch,
and by shape: their transformation is to be known as fivefold.

36.16

vaṇṇao pariṇayā je u paṃcahā te pakittiyā |
kiṇhā nīlā ya lohiyā hāliddā sukkilā tahā ||

Those transformed by color are proclaimed to be of five kinds:
black, blue, red, yellow, and white.

36.17

gaṃdhao pariṇayā je u duvihā te viyāhiyā |
subbhigaṃdhapariṇāmā dubbhigaṃdhā taheva ya ||

Those transformed by smell are declared to be of two kinds:
the transformation of pleasant smell and that of foul smell.

36.18

rasao pariṇayā je u paṃcahā te pakittiyā |
tittikaḍuyakasāyā aṃbilā mahurā tahā ||

Those transformed by taste are proclaimed to be of five kinds:
bitter, pungent, astringent, sour, and sweet.

36.19

phāsao pariṇayā je u aṭṭhahā te pakittiyā |
kakkhaḍā mauyā ceva garuyā lahuyā tahā ||

Those transformed by touch are proclaimed to be of eight kinds:
hard, soft, heavy, light,

36.20

sīyā uṇhā ya niddhā ya tahā lukkhā ya āhiyā |
ii phāsapariṇayā ee puggalā samudāhiyā ||

cold, hot, smooth, and rough, they are called;
thus transformed by touch are these matters proclaimed to be.

36.21

saṃṭhāṇapariṇayā je u paṃcahā te pakittiyā |
parimaṃḍalā ya vaṭṭā taṃsā cauraṃsamāyayā ||

Those transformed by shape are proclaimed to be of five kinds:
circular, round, triangular, square, and oblong.

36.22

vaṇṇao je bhave kiṇhe bhaie se u gaṃdhao |
rasao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is black by color may be of various kinds by smell,
by taste, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.23

vaṇṇao je bhave nīle bhaie se u gaṃdhao |
rasao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is blue by color may be of various kinds by smell,
by taste, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.24

vaṇṇao lohie je u bhaie se u gaṃdhao |
rasao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is red by color may be of various kinds by smell,
by taste, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.25

vaṇṇao pīyae je u bhaie se u gaṃdhao |
rasao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is yellow by color may be of various kinds by smell,
by taste, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.26

vaṇṇao sukkile je u bhaie se u gaṃdhao |
rasao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is white by color may be of various kinds by smell,
by taste, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.27

gaṃdhao je bhave subbhī bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
rasao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is pleasant-smelling by smell may be of various kinds by color,
by taste, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.28

gaṃdhao je bhave dubbhī bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
rasao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is foul-smelling by smell may be of various kinds by color,
by taste, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.29

rasao tittae je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is bitter by taste may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.30

rasao kaḍue je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is pungent by taste may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.31

rasao kasāe je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is astringent by taste may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.32

rasao aṃbile je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is sour by taste may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.33

rasao mahurae je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao phāsao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is sweet by taste may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by touch, and also by shape.

36.34

phāsao kakkhaḍe je u bhaie se u uṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is hard by touch may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by shape.

36.35

phāsao maue je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is soft by touch may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by shape.

36.36

phāsao gurue je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is heavy by touch may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by shape.

36.37

phāsao lahue je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is light by touch may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by shape.

36.38

phāsao sīyae je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is cold by touch may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by shape.

36.39

phāsao uṇhae je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is hot by touch may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by shape.

36.40

phāsao niddhae je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is smooth by touch may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by shape.

36.41

phāsao lukkhae je u bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie saṃṭhāṇao vi ya ||

That which is rough by touch may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by shape.

36.42

parimaṃḍalasaṃṭhāṇe bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie phāsao vi ya ||

That which has a circular shape may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by touch.

36.43

saṃṭhāṇao bhave vaṭṭe bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie phāsao vi ya ||

That which has a round shape may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by touch.

36.44

saṃṭhāṇao bhave taṃse bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie phāsao vi ya ||

That which has a triangular shape may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by touch.

36.45

saṃṭhāṇao ya cauraṃse bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie phāsao vi ya ||

That which has a square shape may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by touch.

36.46

je āyayasaṃṭhāṇe bhaie se u vaṇṇao |
gaṃdhao rasao ceva bhaie phāsao vi ya ||

That which has an oblong shape may be of various kinds by color,
by smell, and by taste, and also by touch.

36.47

esā ajīvavibhatti samāseṇa viyāhiyā |
itto jīvavibhatti vucchāmi aṇupuvvaso ||

This classification of non-souls has been declared in brief;
henceforth I shall explain the classification of souls in regular succession.

36.48

saṃsāratthā ya siddhā ya duvihā jīvā viyāhiyā |
siddhā ṇegavihā vuttā taṃ me kittayao suṇa ||

Souls are declared to be of two kinds: those residing in the cycle of rebirth and the perfected souls;
the perfected souls are said to be of manifold kinds; hear that from me as I proclaim it.

36.49

itthī purisasiddhā ya taheva ya napuṃsagā |
saliṃge annaliṃge ya gihiliṃge taheva ya ||

Those perfected as women, as men, and likewise as hermaphrodites;
in their own sectarian mark, in another sectarian mark, and likewise in a householder's mark;

36.50

ukkosogāhaṇāe ya jahannamajjhimāi ya |
uḍḍhaṃ ahe ya tiriyaṃ ya samuddammi jalammi ya ||

with maximal bodily extension, with minimal, and with intermediate;
above, below, and across, in the ocean and in water.

Perfection is reached by people of the greatest, smallest, and middle size, on high places, underground, on the surface of the earth, in the ocean, and in water (of rivers, &c.).

36.51

dasa ceva napuṃsesuṃ vīsaṃ itthiyāsu ya |
purisesu ya aṭṭhasayaṃ samaeṇegeṇa sijjhaī ||

Precisely ten among hermaphrodites, twenty among women,
and one hundred and eight among men attain perfection in a single samaya.

36.52

cattāri ya gihiliṃge annaliṃge daseva ya |
saliṃgeṇa ya aṭṭhasayaṃ samaeṇegeṇa sijjhaī ||

Four in a householder's mark, precisely ten in another sectarian mark,
and one hundred and eight in one's own sectarian mark attain perfection in a single samaya.

36.53

ukkosogāhaṇāe ya sijjhaṃte jugavaṃ duve |
cattāri jahannāe javamajjhaṭṭhuttaraṃ sayaṃ ||

With maximal bodily extension two attain perfection simultaneously,
four with minimal, and one hundred and eight with medium [bodily extension].

36.54

cauruḍḍhaloe ya duve samudde tao jale vīsamahe taheva |
sayaṃ ca aṭṭhuttara tiriyaloe samaeṇegeṇa u sijjhaī u ||

Four in the upper world, two in the ocean, three in water, twenty below,
and one hundred and eight in the transverse world attain perfection in a single samaya.

36.55

kahiṃ paḍihayā siddhā? kahiṃ siddhā paiṭṭhiyā? |
kahiṃ boṃdiṃ caittāṇaṃ? kattha gaṃtūṇa sijjhaī? ||

Where are the perfected souls held back? Where are the perfected souls established?
Where having abandoned the body? Going where does one attain perfection?

36.56

aloe paḍihayā siddhā loyagge ya paiṭṭhiyā |
ihaṃ boṃdiṃ caittāṇaṃ tattha gaṃtūṇa sijjhaī ||

At the non-world the perfected souls are held back, and at the summit of the world they are established;
here having abandoned the body, going there one attains perfection.

36.57

bārasahiṃ joyaṇehiṃ savvaṭṭhassuvariṃ bhave |
īsīpabbhāranāmā u puḍhavī chattasaṃṭhiyā ||

Twelve yojanas above the Sarvārtha [heaven]
there is the earth named Īṣatpragbhārā, shaped like an umbrella.

36.58

paṇayālasayasahassā joyaṇāṇaṃ tu āyayā |
tāvaiyaṃ ceva vitthiṇṇā tiguṇo tasseva parirao ||

It is forty-five hundred thousand yojanas long,
just as wide, and its circumference is three times that.

36.59

aṭṭhajoyaṇabāhallā sā majjhammi viyāhiyā |
parihāyaṃtī carimaṃte macchiyapattā taṇuyarī ||

It is declared to be eight yojanas thick in the middle,
decreasing toward the outer edge, [where it is] thinner than a fly's wing.

36.60

ajjuṇasuvaṇṇagamaī sā puḍhavī nimmalā sahāveṇaṃ |
uttāṇagachattagasaṃṭhiyā ya bhaṇiyā jiṇavarehiṃ ||

Consisting of white gold, that earth is pure by its very nature;
and it is declared by the excellent Jinas to be shaped like an inverted umbrella.

36.61

saṃkhaṃkakuṃdasaṃkāsā paṃḍarā nimmalā suhā |
sīyāe joyaṇe tatto loyaṃto u viyāhio ||

Resembling a conch shell, silver, and the kunda flower, white, pure, and pleasant;
one yojana above [the earth named] Sītā the end of the world is declared to be.

36.62

joyaṇassa u jo tassa koso uvarimo bhave |
tassa kosassa chabbhāe siddhāṇogāhaṇā bhave ||

In the uppermost krosa of that yojana,
in the sixth part of that krosa is the location of the perfected souls.

36.63

tattha siddhā mahābhāgā loyaggammi paiṭṭhiyā |
bhavappavaṃca ummukkā siddhiṃ varagaiṃ gayā ||

There the highly fortunate perfected souls are established at the summit of the world;
freed from the proliferation of existence, they have gone to perfection, the supreme state.

36.64

usseho jassa jo hoi bhavammi carimammi u |
tibhāgahīṇā tatto ya siddhāṇogāhaṇā bhave ||

Whatever height [the soul] had in its final existence, / diminished by one third from that, is the spatial extension of perfected souls.

36.65

egatteṇa sāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
puhuttaṇa aṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya ||

In terms of unity, they have a beginning and are without end; / in terms of multiplicity, they are without beginning and without end.

36.66

arūviṇo jīvaghaṇā nāṇadaṃsaṇasaṇṇiyā |
aulaṃ suhaṃ saṃpattā uvamā jassa natthi u ||

Formless, dense masses of soul, endowed with knowledge and faith, / they have attained unequalled bliss, to which indeed there is no comparison.

36.67

loegadese te savve nāṇadaṃsaṇasaṇṇiyā |
saṃsārapāranicchinnā siddhiṃ varagaiṃ gayā ||

All of them, situated in one part of the world, endowed with knowledge and faith, / having cut off the further shore of the cycle of rebirth, have attained liberation, the supreme state.

36.68

saṃsāratthā u je jīvā duvihā te viyāhiyā |
tasā ya thāvarā ceva thāvarā tivihā tahiṃ ||

Now, the souls that exist in the cycle of rebirth are declared to be of two kinds: / mobile and immobile; among them, the immobile are of three kinds.

36.69

puḍhavī āujīvā ya taheva ya vaṇassaī |
iccee thāvarā tivihā tesiṃ bhee suṇeha me ||

Earth-souls and water-souls, and likewise plant-souls: / these are the three kinds of immobile [souls]; hear from me their divisions.

36.70

duvihā puḍhavījīvā u suhumā bāyarā tahā |
pajjattamapajjattā evamee duhā puṇo ||

Earth-souls are of two kinds: subtle and gross; / [and each of] these is again twofold: fully developed and undeveloped.

36.71

bāyarā je u pajjattā duvihā te viyāhiyā |
saṇhā kharā ya boddhavvā saṇhā sattavihā tahiṃ ||

Those gross ones that are fully developed are declared to be of two kinds; / they should be known as smooth and hard; among them, the smooth are of seven kinds:

36.72

kiṇhā nīlā ya ruhirā ya hāliddā sukkilā tahā |
paṇḍupaṇagamaṭṭiyā kharā chattīsaīvihā ||

Black, blue, red, yellow, and white, / pale clay, and mossy clay; the hard are of thirty-six kinds:

36.73

puḍhavī ya sakkarā vāluyā ya uvale silā ya loṇūse |
ayataṃba-tauya sīsaga ruppasuvanne ya vaire ya ||

Earth, gravel, sand, stone, rock, salt, and saline soil; / iron, copper, tin, lead, silver, gold, and diamond;

36.74

hariyāle hiṃgulue maṇosilā sāsagaṃjaṇapavāle |
abbhapaḍalabbhavāluya bāyarakāe maṇivihāṇā ||

Orpiment, cinnabar, realgar, brass, antimony, coral, / mica-strata, and mica-sand; the varieties of jewels in gross bodies [are as follows]:

36.75

gomejjae ya ruyage aṃke phalihe ya lohiyakkhe ya |
maragayamasāragalle bhuyamoyagaiṃdanīle ya ||

Gomedaka, rucaka, aṅka, crystal, and ruby; / emerald, masāragalla, bhujamocaka, and sapphire;

36.76

caṃdaṇageruyahaṃsagabbha pulae sogaṃdhie ya boddhavve |
caṃdappahaverulie jalakaṃte sūrakaṃte ya ||

Candana, red chalk, haṃsagarbha, pulaka, and one should know saugandhika; / candraprabha, beryl, jalakānta, and sūryakānta.

36.77

ee kharapuḍhavīe bheyā chattīsamāhiyā |
egavihamaṇāṇattā suhumā tattha viyāhiyā ||

These are declared to be the thirty-six divisions of hard earth; / the subtle [earth-souls] there are explained as uniform, without distinctions.

36.78

suhumā savvalogammi logadese ya bāyarā |
itto kālavibhāgaṃ tu tesiṃ vucchaṃ cauvvihaṃ ||

The subtle [exist] throughout the whole world, and the gross in a part of the world; / next I will declare their fourfold division of time.

36.79

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

With reference to continuity, they are without beginning and without end; / with reference to duration [of a single state], they have a beginning and an end.

36.80

bāvīsasahassāiṃ vāsāṇukkosiyā bhave |
āuṭhiī puḍhavīṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Twenty-two thousand years is the maximum / lifespan of earth-[souls]; the minimum is less than a muhūrta.

36.81

asaṃkhakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
kāyaṭhiī puḍhavīṇaṃ taṃ kāyaṃ tu amuṃcao ||

Incalculable time is the maximum, less than a muhūrta is the minimum / bodily duration for earth-[souls], without abandoning that body.

The longest duration of the body of Earth Lives, if they do not leave that (kind of) body, is an immeasurable time; the shortest is less than one muhûrta.

36.82

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
vijaḍhaṃmi sae kāe puḍhavījīvāṇa aṃtaraṃ ||

Endless time is the maximum, less than a muhūrta is the minimum / interval for earth-souls, once their own body has been abandoned.

36.83

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

By classification according to color, odor, taste, and touch, / or even according to shape, their varieties are by the thousands.

36.84

duvihā āujīvā u suhumā bāyarā tahā |
pajjattamapajjattā evamee duhā puṇo ||

Water-souls are of two kinds: subtle and gross; / [and each of] these is again twofold: fully developed and undeveloped.

36.85

bāyarā je u pajjattā paṃcahā te pakittiyā |
suddhodae ya usse harataṇū mahiyā hime ||

Those gross ones that are fully developed are proclaimed to be of five kinds: / pure water, dew, hoarfrost, mist, and hail.

36.86

egavihamaṇāṇattā suhumā tattha viyāhiyā |
suhumā savvalogammi logadese ya bāyarā ||

The subtle [water-souls] there are explained as uniform, without distinctions; / the subtle [exist] throughout the whole world, and the gross in a part of the world.

36.87

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

With reference to continuity, they are without beginning and without end; / with reference to duration [of a single state], they have a beginning and an end.

36.88

satteva sahassāiṃ vāsāṇukkosiyā bhave |
āuṭṭhiī āūṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Seven thousand years is the maximum / lifespan of water-[souls]; the minimum is less than a muhūrta.

36.89

asaṃkhakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā |
kāyaṭṭhiī āūṇaṃ taṃ kāyaṃ tu amuṃcao ||

Incalculable time is the maximum, less than a muhūrta is the minimum / bodily duration for water-[souls], without abandoning that body.

36.90

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
vijaḍhaṃmi sae kāe āūjīvāṇa aṃtaraṃ ||

Endless time is the maximum, less than a muhūrta is the minimum / interval for water-souls, once their own body has been abandoned.

36.91

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihaṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

By classification according to color, odor, taste, and touch, / or even according to shape, their varieties are by the thousands.

36.92

duvihā vaṇassaījīvā suhumā bāyarā tahā |
pajjattamapajjattā evamee duhā puṇo ||

Plant-souls are of two kinds: subtle and gross; / [and each of] these is again twofold: fully developed and undeveloped.

36.93

bāyarā je u pajjattā duvihā te viyāhiyā |
sāhāraṇasarīrā ya pattegā ya taheva ya ||

Those gross ones that are fully developed are declared to be of two kinds: / those with common bodies and likewise those with individual bodies.

36.94

pattegasarīrā u ṇegahā te pakittiyā |
rukkhā gucchā ya gummā ya layā vallī taṇā tahā ||

Those with individual bodies are proclaimed to be of many kinds: / trees, shrubs, bushes, creepers, climbing plants, and grasses;

36.95

layāvalaya pavvagā kuhuṇā jalaruhā osahītiṇā |
hariyakāyā ya boddhavvā patteyā iti āhiyā ||

Tendril-climbers, jointed plants, water-weeds, water-grown plants, medicinal herbs, and straw-grasses; / and green vegetables should be known as such; thus are those with individual [bodies] explained.

36.96

sāhāraṇasarīrā u ṇegahā te pakittiyā |
ālue mūlae ceva siṃgabere taheva ya ||

Those with common bodies are proclaimed to be of many kinds: / potatoes, radishes, and ginger likewise;

36.97

hirilī sirilī sissirilī jāvaī kedakaṃdalī |
palaṃdūlasaṇakaṃde ya kaṃdalī ya kuḍuṃbae ||

Hirilī, sirilī, sissirilī, yāvī, keda-kandalī, / onions, garlic-bulbs, kandalī, and kuḍumbaka;

36.98

lohi ṇīhū ya thihū ya kuhagā ta taheva ya |
kaṇhe ya vajjakaṃde ya kaṃde sūraṇae tahā ||

Lohi, nīhū, thihū, and likewise kuhaga, / black [bulb], vajrakanda, and the bulb of sūraṇa;

36.99

assakaṇṇī ya boddhavvā sīhakaṇṇī taheva ya |
musuṃḍhī ya haliddā ya ṇegasā evamāyao ||

Aśvakarṇī should be known, and likewise siṃhakarṇī, / musuṇḍhī, and turmeric; and in many ways others of this kind.

36.100

egavihamaṇāṇattā suhumā tattha viyāhiyā |
suhumā savvalogammi logadese ya bāyarā ||

The subtle [plant-souls] there are explained as uniform, without distinctions; / the subtle [exist] throughout the whole world, and the gross in a part of the world.

36.101

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

With reference to continuity, they are without beginning and without end; / with reference to duration [of a single state], they have a beginning and an end.

36.102

dasa ceva sahassāiṃ vāsāṇukkosiyā bhave |
vaṇapphaīṇa āuṃ tu aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannagaṃ ||

Ten thousand years is the maximum / lifespan of plants; the minimum is less than a muhūrta.

36.103

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
kāyaṭhiī paṇagāṇaṃ taṃ kāyaṃ tu amuṃcao ||

Endless time is the maximum, less than a muhūrta is the minimum / bodily duration for vegetation-[souls], without abandoning that body.

36.104

asaṃkhakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
vijaḍhaṃmi sae kāe paṇagajīvāṇa aṃtaraṃ ||

Incalculable time is the maximum, less than a muhūrta is the minimum / interval for vegetation-souls, once their own body has been abandoned.

36.105

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

By classification according to color, odor, taste, and touch, / or even according to shape, their varieties are by the thousands.

36.106

iccee thāvarā tivihā samāseṇa viyāhiyā |
itto u tase tivihe vucchāmi aṇupuvvaso ||

Thus the three kinds of immobile [souls] have been briefly declared; / next, I will declare the three kinds of mobile [souls] in order.

36.107

teū vāū ya boddhavvā urālā ya tasā tahā |
iccee tasā tivihā tesiṃ bhee suṇeha me ||

Fire and wind are to be known [as mobile], and likewise gross mobile [beings]; / these are the three kinds of mobile [souls]; hear from me their divisions.

36.108

duvihā teujīvā u suhumā bāyarā tahā |
pajjattamapajjattā evamee duhā puṇo ||

Fire-souls are of two kinds: subtle and gross; / [and each of] these is again twofold: fully developed and undeveloped.

36.109

bāyarā je u pajjattā ṇegahā te viyāhiyā |
iṃgāle mummure agaṇī acciṃ jālā taheva ya ||

Those gross ones that are fully developed are declared to be of many kinds: / glowing embers, burning chaff, fire, sparks, and flame likewise;

36.110

ukkā vijjū ya boddhavvā ṇegahā evamāyao |
egavihamaṇāṇattā suhumā te viyāhiyā ||

Meteors and lightning should be known, of many kinds, and others like these; / the subtle ones are declared to be uniform, without distinctions.

36.111

suhumā savvalogammi logadese ya bāyarā |
itto kālavibhāgaṃ tu tesiṃ vucchaṃ cauvvihaṃ ||

The subtle [exist] throughout the whole world, and the gross in a part of the world; / next I will declare their fourfold division of time.

36.112

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

With reference to continuity, they are without beginning and without end; / with reference to duration [of a single state], they have a beginning and an end.

36.113

tinneva ahorattā ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
āuṭṭhiī teūṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Three days and nights are declared to be the maximum / lifespan of fire-[souls]; the minimum is less than a muhūrta.

36.114

asaṃkhakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
kāyaṭṭhiī teūṇaṃ taṃ kāyaṃ tu amuṃcao ||

Incalculable time is the maximum, less than a muhūrta is the minimum / bodily duration for fire-[souls], without abandoning that body.

36.115

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
vijaḍhaṃmi sae kāe teujīvāṇa aṃtaraṃ ||

Endless time is the maximum, less than a muhūrta is the minimum / interval for fire-souls, once their own body has been abandoned.

36.116

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

By classification according to color, odor, taste, and touch, / or even according to shape, their varieties are by the thousands.

36.117

duvihā vāujīvā u suhumā bāyarā tahā |
pajjattamapajjattā evamee duhā puṇo ||

Wind-souls are of two kinds: subtle and gross;
developed and undeveloped: thus these are again twofold.

36.118

bāyarā je u pajjattā paṃcahā te pakittiyā |
ukkaliyāmaṃḍaliyā ghaṇaguṃjā suddhavāyā ya ||

Those that are gross and developed are declared to be of five kinds:
squalls, whirlwinds, thick gales, and pure winds,

36.119

saṃvaṭṭagavāte ya ṇegavihā evamāyao |
egavihamaṇāṇattā suhumā te viyāhiyā ||

And cyclonic winds, of many sorts, beginning with these.
The subtle ones are declared to be uniform and of one kind.

36.120

suhumā savvalogammi logadese ya bāyarā |
itto kālavibhāgaṃ tu tesiṃ vucchaṃ cauvvihaṃ ||

The subtle are throughout the entire cosmos, and the gross in a part of the cosmos.
Hereafter I will explain their fourfold division of time.

36.121

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

Regarding continuous succession, they are without beginning and without end;
with regard to individual duration, they have a beginning and an end.

36.122

tinneva sahassāiṃ vāsāṇukkosiyā bhave |
āuṭṭhiī vāūṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Three thousand years at the maximum
is the lifespan of winds; the minimum is an antarmuhūrta.

36.123

asaṃkhakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
kāyaṭṭhiī vāūṇaṃ taṃ kāyaṃ tu amuṃcao ||

Incalculable time at the maximum, an antarmuhūrta at the minimum
is the duration of embodiment for winds, not leaving that body.

36.124

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
vijaḍhaṃmi sae kāe vāujīvāṇa aṃtaraṃ ||

Infinite time at the maximum, an antarmuhūrta at the minimum,
when they leave their body, is the interval for wind-souls.

36.125

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

According to color, odor, taste, and touch,
and in terms of configuration, their varieties are by thousands.

36.126

orālā tasā je u cauhā te pakittiyā |
beiṃdiyateiṃdiya cauropaṃciṃdiyā ceva ||

The mobile beings of gross matter are declared to be of four kinds:
two-sensed, three-sensed, four-sensed, and five-sensed.

36.127

beiṃdiyā u je jīvā duvihā te pakittiyā |
pajjattamapajjattā tesiṃ bhee suṇeha me ||

The two-sensed souls are declared to be of two kinds:
developed and undeveloped. Hear from me their divisions:

36.128

kimiṇo somaṃgalā ceva alasā māivāhayā ||
vāsīmuhā ya sippīyā saṃkhā saṃkhaṇagā tahā ||

Worms, somangalas, lazy worms, shell-bearers,
axe-faced worms, oysters, conches, and small conches,

36.129

palloyāṇullayā ceva taheva ya varāḍagā |
jalūgā jālagā ceva caṃdaṇā ya taheva ya ||

Palloyas, anullayas, and cowries,
leeches, net-worms, and candanas,

36.130

iha beiṃdiyā ee ṇegahā evamāyao |
logegadese te savve na savvattha viyāhiyā ||

These two-sensed beings here are of many sorts, beginning with these.
They are all declared to be in a part of the cosmos, not everywhere.

36.131

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

Regarding continuous succession, they are without beginning and without end;
with regard to individual duration, they have a beginning and an end.

36.132

vāsāiṃ bārase va u ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
beiṃdiyaāuṭṭhiī aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Twelve years at the maximum is declared
the lifespan of a two-sensed being; the minimum is an antarmuhūrta.

36.133

saṃkhijjakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
beiṃdiyakāyaṭṭhiī taṃ kāyaṃ tu amuṃcao ||

Calculable time at the maximum, an antarmuhūrta at the minimum
is the duration of embodiment for a two-sensed being, not leaving that body.

36.134

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
beiṃdiyajīvāṇaṃ aṃtareyaṃ viyāhiyaṃ ||

Infinite time at the maximum, an antarmuhūrta at the minimum:
this is declared to be the interval for two-sensed souls.

36.135

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

According to color, odor, taste, and touch,
and in terms of configuration, their varieties are by thousands.

36.136

teiṃdiyā u je jīvā duvihā te pakittiyā |
pajjattamapajjattā tesiṃ bhee suṇeha me ||

The three-sensed souls are declared to be of two kinds:
developed and undeveloped. Hear from me their divisions:

36.137

kuṃthupivīliuḍḍaṃsā ukkaluddehiyā tahā |
taṇahārakaṭṭhahārā mālugā pattahāragā ||

Kunthus, ants, fleas, lice, and white ants,
grass-carriers, wood-carriers, creeper-worms, leaf-carriers,

36.138

kappāsaṭṭhimiṃjā ya tiṃdugā tausamiṃjagā |
sadāvarī ya gummī ya boddhavvā iṃdakāiyā ||

Cotton-seed grubs, tinduka insects, cucumber-seed grubs,
satāvarīs, and caterpillars: beings of the indrakāyika sort are to be understood,

36.139

iṃdagovagamāīyā ṇegahā evamāyao |
loegadese se savve na savvattha viyāhiyā ||

Beginning with the indragopaka, of many sorts, starting with these.
They are all declared to be in a part of the cosmos, not everywhere.

36.140

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

Regarding continuous succession, they are without beginning and without end;
with regard to individual duration, they have a beginning and an end.

36.141

egūṇapannahorattā ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
teiṃdiyaāuṭhiī aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Forty-nine days and nights at the maximum is declared
the lifespan of a three-sensed being; the minimum is an antarmuhūrta.

36.142

saṃkhijjakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
teiṃdiyakāyaṭhiī taṃ kāyaṃ tu amuṃcao ||

Calculable time at the maximum, an antarmuhūrta at the minimum
is the duration of embodiment for a three-sensed being, not leaving that body.

36.143

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
teiṃdiyajīvāṇaṃ aṃtareyaṃ viyāhiyaṃ ||

Infinite time at the maximum, an antarmuhūrta at the minimum:
this is declared to be the interval for three-sensed souls.

36.144

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

According to color, odor, taste, and touch,
and in terms of configuration, their varieties are by thousands.

36.145

cauriṃdiyā u je jīvā duvihā te pakittiyā |
pajjattamapajjattā tesiṃ bhee suṇeha me ||

The four-sensed souls are declared to be of two kinds:
developed and undeveloped. Hear from me their divisions:

36.146

aṃdhiyā pottiyā ceva macchiyā masagā tahā |
bhamare kīḍapayaṃge ya ḍhiṃkuṇe kuṃkuṇe tahā ||

Andhikās, pottiyās, flies, and gnats,
black bees, worms, moths, bugs, and kunkuṇas,

36.147

kukkuḍe siṃgirīḍī ya naṃdāvatte ya viṃchie |
ḍole bhiṃgārī ya viralī acchivehae ||

Crickets, siṅgirīḍīs, nandāvattas, and scorpions,
ḍolas, bhrṅgārīs, viralīs, and eye-pluckers,

36.148

acchile māhae acchiroḍae vicitte cittapattae |
ohiṃjaliyā jalakārī ya nīyā taṃtavagāviya ||

Acchilas, māhayas, acchiroḍas, vicittas, spotted-winged insects,
ohiñjaliyas, water-makers, nīyas, and spider-spinners.

36.149

ii cauriṃdiyā ee ṇegahā evamāyao |
logassa ega desammi te savve parikittiyā ||

Thus these four-sensed beings are of many kinds, beginning with these;
they are all declared to be in a single part of the cosmos.

36.150

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

Regarding continuous succession, they are without beginning and without end;
with regard to individual duration, they have a beginning and an end.

36.151

chacceva ya māsā u ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
cauriṃdiyaāuṭhiī aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Six months at the maximum is declared
the lifespan of a four-sensed being; the minimum is an antarmuhūrta.

36.152

saṃkhijjakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
cauriṃdiyakāyaṭhiī taṃ kāyaṃ tu amuṃcao ||

Calculable time at the maximum, an antarmuhūrta at the minimum
is the duration of embodiment for a four-sensed being, not leaving that body.

36.153

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
vijaḍhaṃmi sae kāe aṃtareyaṃ viyāhiyaṃ ||

Infinite time at the maximum, an antarmuhūrta at the minimum,
when they leave their body, is declared to be the interval.

36.154

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

According to color, odor, taste, and touch,
and in terms of configuration, their varieties are by thousands.

36.155

paṃciṃdiyā u je jīvā cauvvihā te viyāhiyā |
neraiyatirikkhā ya manuyā devā ya āhiyā ||

The five-sensed souls are declared to be of four kinds:
hell-beings, animals, humans, and gods are declared.

36.156

neraiyā sattavihā puḍhavīsu sattasū bhave |
rayaṇābha sakkarābhā vāluyābhā ya āhiyā ||

Hell-beings are of seven kinds, in the seven earths:
Ratnābhā, Śarkarābhā, and Vālukābhā are declared,

36.157

paṃkābhā dhūmābhā tamā tamatamā tahā |
ii neraiyā ee sattahā parikittiyā ||

Paṅkābhā, Dhūmābhā, Tamā, and Tamatamā:
thus these hell-beings are declared to be of seven kinds.

36.158

logassa egadesammi te savve u viyāhiyā |
etto kālavibhāgaṃ tu vucchaṃ tesiṃ cauvvihaṃ ||

They are all declared to be in one part of the cosmos.
Hereafter I will explain their fourfold division of time.

36.159

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

Regarding continuous succession, they are without beginning and without end;
with regard to individual duration, they have a beginning and an end.

36.160

sāgarovamamegaṃ tu ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
paḍhamāe jahanneṇaṃ dasavāsasahassiyā ||

One sāgaropama at the maximum is declared
in the first [earth]; at the minimum, ten thousand years.

36.161

tinneva sāgarā ū ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
doccāe jahanneṇaṃ egaṃ tu sāgarovamaṃ ||

Three sāgaras at the maximum are declared
in the second; at the minimum, one sāgaropama.

36.162

satteva sāgarā ū ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
taiyāe jahanneṇaṃ tinneva u sāgarovamā ||

Seven sāgaras at the maximum are declared
in the third; at the minimum, three sāgaropamas.

36.163

dasa sāgarovamā ū ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
cautthīe jahanneṇaṃ satteva u sāgarovamā ||

Ten sāgaropamas at the maximum are declared
in the fourth; at the minimum, seven sāgaropamas.

36.164

sattarasa sāgarā ū ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
paṃcamāe jahanneṇaṃ dasa ceva u sāgarovamā ||

Seventeen sāgaras at the maximum are declared
in the fifth; at the minimum, ten sāgaropamas.

36.165

bāvīsa sāgarā ū ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
chaṭṭhīe jahanneṇaṃ sattarasa sāgarovamā ||

Twenty-two sāgaras at the maximum are declared
in the sixth; at the minimum, seventeen sāgaropamas.

36.166

tettīsa sāgarā ū ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
sattamāe jahanneṇaṃ bāvīsaṃ sāgarovamā ||

Thirty-three sāgaras at the maximum are declared
in the seventh; at the minimum, twenty-two sāgaropamas.

36.167

jā ceva u āuṭhiī neraiyāṇaṃ viyāhiyā |
sā tesiṃ kāyaṭhiī jahannukkosiyā bhave ||

Whatever lifespan is declared for hell-beings,
that is the minimum and maximum duration of their embodiment.

36.168

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
vijaḍhaṃmi sae kāe neraiyāṇaṃ tu aṃtaraṃ ||

Infinite time at the maximum, an antarmuhūrta at the minimum,
when they leave their body, is the interval for hell-beings.

36.169

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

According to color, odor, taste, and touch,
and in terms of configuration, their varieties are by thousands.

36.170

paṃciṃdiyatirikkhāo duvihā te viyāhiyā |
sammucchimatirikkhāo gabbhavakkaṃtiyā tahā ||

Five-sensed animals are declared to be of two kinds:
spontaneously generated animals, and womb-born animals.

36.171

duvihāvi te bhave tivihā jalayarā thalayarā tahā |
khahayarā ya boddhavvā tesiṃ bhee suṇeha me ||

Both kinds are of three types: aquatic, terrestrial, / and airborne, it should be known; hear from me their divisions:

36.172

macchā ya kacchabhā ya gāhā ya magarā tahā |
suṃsumārā ya boddhavvā paṃcahā jalayarāhiyā ||

Fishes, tortoises, alligators, makaras, / and dolphins should be known: fivefold are the aquatic [animals] declared.

36.173

loegadese te savve na savvattha viyāhiyā |
etto kālavibhāgaṃ tu vucchaṃ tesiṃ cauvvihaṃ ||

They are all explained [as residing] in one part of the world, not everywhere. / Next I shall state their fourfold division of time:

36.174

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

In terms of continuity, [their existence is] beginningless and endless; / but with respect to duration, it has a beginning and an end.

36.175

egā ya puvvakoḍīo ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
āuṭṭhiī jalayarāṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

One crore of pūrvas at the most is declared / to be the lifespan of aquatic [animals], and an antarmuhūrta at the least.

36.176

puvvakoḍīpuhattaṃ tu ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
kāyaṭṭhiī jalayarāṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Several crores of pūrvas at the most is declared / to be the bodily duration of aquatic [animals], and an antarmuhūrta at the least.

36.177

anaṃtakālamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ |
vijaḍhaṃmi sae kāe jalayarāṇaṃ tu aṃtaraṃ ||

When one has cast off one's own body, the interval [between births] / of aquatic [animals] is endless time at the most, and an antarmuhūrta at the least.

36.178

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

According to their colour, smell, taste, and touch, / or according to their shape, there are thousands of varieties of these.

36.179

cauppayā ya parisappā duvihā thalayarā bhave |
cauppayā cauvihā te me kittayao suṇa ||

Terrestrial [animals] are of two kinds: quadrupeds and reptiles; / quadrupeds are of four kinds; hear them as I recount them:

36.180

egakhurā dukhurā ceva gaṃḍīpayasaṇappayā |
hayamāigoṇamāi-gayamāisīhamāiṇo ||

Solidungulates, biungulates, multi-hoofed animals, and pawed animals: / those beginning with the horse, those beginning with the bull, those beginning with the elephant, and those beginning with the lion.

36.181

bhūoragaparisappā ya parisappā duvihā bhave |
gohāī ahimāī ya ekkekkā ṇegahā bhave ||

Reptiles are of two kinds: those that crawl on their chests and those that crawl on their bellies; / those beginning with the monitor lizard and those beginning with the snake, each being of many types.

36.182

loegadese te savve na savvattha viyāhiyā |
etto kālavibhāgaṃ tu vucchaṃ tesiṃ cauvvihaṃ ||

They are all explained [as residing] in one part of the world, not everywhere. / Next I shall state their fourfold division of time:

36.183

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

In terms of continuity, [their existence is] beginningless and endless; / but with respect to duration, it has a beginning and an end.

36.184

paliovamāu tiṇṇi u ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
āuṭṭhiī thalayarāṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Three palyopamas at the most is declared / to be the lifespan of terrestrial [animals], and an antarmuhūrta at the least.

36.185

paliovamāu tiṇṇi u ukkoseṇa tu sāhiyā |
puvvakoḍīpuhatteṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Three palyopamas plus [an excess] at the most is stated, / with several crores of pūrvas; and an antarmuhūrta at the least,

36.186

kāyaṭṭhiī thalayarāṇaṃ aṃtaraṃ tesimaṃ bhave |
kālamaṇaṃtamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ ||

is the bodily duration of terrestrial [animals]. Their interval / is endless time at the most, and an antarmuhūrta at the least.

36.187

vijaḍhaṃmi sae kāe thalayarāṇaṃ tu aṃtaraṃ |
camme u lomapakkhī ya taiyā samuggapakkhiyā ||

When one has cast off one's own body, [such is] the interval of terrestrial [animals]. / Birds with leather wings, those with feather wings, thirdly those with box-like wings,

36.188

viyayapakkhī ya boddhavvā pakkhiṇo ya cauvvihā |
logegadese te savve na savvattha viyāhiyā ||

and those with spread wings should be known: birds are of four kinds. / They are all explained [as residing] in one part of the world, not everywhere.

36.189

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhii paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

In terms of continuity, [their existence is] beginningless and endless; / but with respect to duration, it has a beginning and an end.

36.190

paliovamassa bhāgo asaṃkhejjaimo bhave |
āuṭṭhiī khahayarāṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

An innumerablth part of a palyopama / is the lifespan of airborne creatures, and an antarmuhūrta at the least.

36.191

asaṃkhabhāgo paliyassa ukkoseṇa u sāhio |
puvvakoḍīpuhatteṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

An innumerable part of a palya plus [an excess] at the most is stated, / with several crores of pūrvas; and an antarmuhūrta at the least,

36.192

kāyaṭhiī khahayarāṇaṃ aṃtaraṃ tesimaṃ bhave |
kālaṃ anaṃtamukkosaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahannayaṃ ||

is the bodily duration of airborne creatures. Their interval / is endless time at the most, and an antarmuhūrta at the least.

36.193

eesiṃ vaṇṇao ceva gaṃdhao rasaphāsao |
saṃṭhāṇādesao vāvi vihāṇāiṃ sahassaso ||

According to their colour, smell, taste, and touch, / or according to their shape, there are thousands of varieties of these.

36.194

manuyā duvihabheyā u te me kiyattao suṇa |
saṃmucchimā ya manuyā gabbhavakkaṃtiyā tahā ||

Humans are of two divisions; hear them as I recount them: / spontaneously generated humans and uterine humans.

36.195

gabbhavakkaṃtiyā je u tivihā te viyāhiyā |
akammakammabhūmā ya aṃtaraddīvayā tahā ||

Uterine [humans] are declared to be of three kinds: / those of the non-action lands, those of the action lands, and those of the intermediate islands.

36.196

pannarasa tīsai vihā bheyā aṭṭhavīsaiṃ |
saṃkhā u kamaso tesiṃ ii esā viyāhiyā ||

Fifteen, thirty, / and twenty-eight varieties: / such is declared to be their number in order.

36.197

saṃmucchimāṇa eseva bheo hoi āhio |
logassa egadesammi te savve vi viyāhiyā ||

The division of the spontaneously generated is also said to be the same. / They are all explained [as residing] in one part of the world.

36.198

saṃtaiṃ pappaṇāīyā apajjavasiyā vi ya |
ṭhiiṃ paḍucca sāīyā sapajjavasiyā vi ya ||

In terms of continuity, [their existence is] beginningless and endless; / but with respect to duration, it has a beginning and an end.

36.199

paliovamāiṃ tiṇṇi u ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
āuṭṭhiī manuyāṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Three palyopamas at the most is declared / to be the lifespan of humans, and an antarmuhūrta at the least.

36.200

paliovamāiṃ tiṇṇi u ukkoseṇa viyāhiyā |
puvvakoḍīpuhatteṇaṃ aṃtomuhuttaṃ jahanniyā ||

Three palyopamas at the most is declared, / with several crores of pūrvas; and an antarmuhūrta at the least,