Narapatijayacarya 3.1.3

I shall [now] explain their risings arising from time, beginning with the twelve-year period.

In the order beginning with Prabhava, of these sounds, beginning with the sound "a", / the rising is a twelve-year one, each lasting twelve years.

Its sub-rising is declared to be one year, one month, two days, / forty-three nāḍikās, and thirty-eight palas.

[On the words] "have been declared" and so on: the sounds born from the name, arisen from the name, are innate; the eight sounds beginning with the mātrā have been declared. I shall explain the temporal [risings] of these sounds arising from time, beginning with the twelve-year period—those born of the year, season, month, lunar fortnight, lunar day, and daṇḍa, designated as stages of life such as childhood. [On the words] "beginning with Prabhava" and so on: among the sixty years in the order beginning with Prabhava, the five sounds beginning with "a" rise individually in periods of twelve years each. For instance, the rising of the sound "a" lasts twelve years beginning with Prabhava; then by sets of twelve years each comes the rising of the four sounds beginning with "i". In that regard, for determining the years beginning with Prabhava, there is the statement of Śrīpati in the Ratnamālā: "The Śaka king's era, set down separately, multiplied by twenty-two, increased by four thousand two hundred sixty-one, / divided by one thousand eight hundred seventy-five, the quotient is taken; when the remainder is divided by sixty, the years beginning with Prabhava are obtained." An example: In Vikrama Saṃvat 2016, Śaka 1881, on the first lunar day of the bright fortnight of Caitra. The Śaka year is 1881.

Set down in two places; multiplied by 22, it becomes 41382; added to 4261, it becomes 45643 [variant reading: 45673]. This, divided by 1875: the quotient is 24 years, with a remainder of 673; multiplied by twelve and divided, the quotient is 4 months, with a remainder of 576; multiplied by thirty and divided, the quotient is 6 days and fractions, with a remainder of 405; multiplied by sixty and divided, the quotient is 12 ghaṭīs, with a remainder of 1800; again multiplied by sixty and divided, the quotient obtained is 57 palas. These added into the Śaka figure placed separately become: 605 years, 4 months, 6 days, 12 ghaṭīs, 57 palas. When the year place is divided by sixty, the remainder is 45; by counting from Prabhava, the year reached is Virodhakṛt. The elapsed portion of months and so on for the current year Paridhāvin is 4 months, 6 days, 12 ghaṭīs, 57 palas. Here, to know the twelve-year sound, divided by twelve, the quotient is 3 sounds elapsed. The elapsed years and so forth of the current sound "e" are: 6 [years], 4 [months], 6 [days], 12 [ghaṭīs], 57 [palas] [text has 6 | 4 | 12 | 27].

Beginning from the year named Śobhana up to Ānanda, for the span of twelve years, the rising of "e" takes place. By this, for Sadānanda, the sound arising from the conjunction of the name is the letter "a"; by its influence, the yearly sound has grown old, so the actions prescribed for his conjunction sound will not succeed. Now, during the twelve-year periods beginning with the current Śobhana, he states the duration of the sub-period enjoyed by "e": "one year" and so forth; that should be viewed in the diagrammatic wheel. The division of sub-periods has been explained in the daily practice [section].

The Twelve-Year Sound Wheel

a, i, u, e, o

Prabhava, Pramāthin, Khara, Śobhana, Rākṣasa [as initial] years

12, 12, 12, 12, 12 [years each]

1, 1, 1, 1, 1 years

1, 1, 1, 1, 1 months

2, 2, 2, 2, 2 days

43, 43, 43, 43, 43 ghaṭīs

38, 38, 38, 38, 38 palas

Now, the method for calculating the sub-period: Now, the elapsed years and so on of the current twelve-year sound "e" are 6 | 4 | 6 | 12 | 57.

Its palas are 12126177. The sub-period years and so on are 1 | 1 | 2 | 43 | 38; its palas are 1413818. Then, by proportion: if one sound's rising is produced by these [sub-period] palas, then what is produced by these 12126177 elapsed palas of the current sound?

The quotient obtained is 8 elapsed sounds. By this, counting from the sound "e", the sub-period of the sound "a" is currently active. The elapsed palas of the current sub-period are 818733; the palas yet to be experienced are 266085. From these two, the calculation of elapsed and remaining days should be made.

Now, the Annual Sound Wheel.

For each single year beginning with Prabhava, there is indeed the rising of sounds beginning with "a"; / the sub-period of the twelve-year period, minus the year, is its experience in the annual sound.

[On the words] "Prabhava" and so on: sounds beginning with "a", the five sounds beginning with "a", rise with respect to each single year beginning with Prabhava. That is to say, each [sound] beginning with "a" is the ruler of Prabhava and the others individually. In this way, across the sixty years beginning with Prabhava, the five sounds beginning with "a" rise twelve times. Therein, when the sub-rising experience of the twelve-year period is minus the year, it is that experience in the annual sound: sub-rising experience [is] 0 years, 1 month, 1 [or 2] days, 43 ghaṭīs, 38 palas. Thus.

Now, the Solstitial Half-Year Sound Wheel: / The sound "a" is the ruler in the southern [course], and the sound "i" in the northern course; / by half the measure of the annual experience, the enjoyment takes place in the six-month sound.

[On the words] "the sound 'a'" and so on: in the southern, that is, in the southern solstice, of the six months consisting of the six signs beginning with Cancer, the sound "a" [is the ruler]; in the six-month sound, that is, in the solstitial sound, by half the measure of the annual experience, whatever is the measure of the sub-rising experience in the year, half of that is the sub-rising experience here; and that is: 0 in the place of months, 16 days, 21 ghaṭīs, and 49 [text: 46] palas. Thus.

Now, the Solstitial Sound Wheel.

"a" in the southern — "i" in the northern

a, i, u, e, o

16, 16, 16, 16, 16 days

21, 21, 21, 21, 21 ghaṭīs

49, 49, 49, 49, 49 palas

Now, the Annual Sound Wheel.

a, i, u, e, o

Pra[bhava], Vi[bhava], Śu[kla], Pra[moda], Pra[jāpati]

Aṅ[giras], Śrī[mukha], Bhā[va], Yu[van], Dhā[tṛ]

Ī[śvara], Ba[hu-dhānya], Pra[māthin], Vi[krama], Vṛ[ṣa]

Ci[trabhānu], Su[bhānu], Tā[raṇa], Pā[rthiva], Vya[ya]

Sa[rvajit], Sa[rvadhārin], Vi[rodhin], Vi[kṛti], Kha[ra]

Na[ndana], Vi[jaya], Ja[ya], Ma[nmadha], Du[rmukha]

He[malamba], Vi[lamba], Vi[kārin], Śā[rvana], Pla[va]

Śo[bhana], Śu[bhakṛt], Kro[dhana], Vi[śvāvasu], Pa[rābhava]

Pla[vaṅga], Kī[laka], Sau[mya], Sā[dhāraṇa], Vi[rodhakṛt]

Pa. pra. ā. rā. a.

Pi. kā. si. rau. du.

Duṃ. rū. ra. kra. kṣa.

1 1 1 1 1 months

2 2 2 2 2 days

43 43 42 43 43 ghaṭīs

38 38 38 38 38 palas

Now, the season sound diagram:

The five sounds beginning with 'a' rise in order starting with spring; / each sound is stated to rise for seventy-two days.

On "beginning with 'a'": here, from the statement of Śrīpati, "From the transit of the Sun through pairs of zodiacal signs beginning with Capricorn, the six seasons occur: winter and spring, summer, the rains, and likewise autumn; the sixth here is called the cold season," from the transit of the Sun through Capricorn and the others, the six seasons, winter and so forth, occur. In those six seasons are the twelve zodiacal signs. It is well known that a zodiacal sign consists of thirty degrees. Thus, in the six seasons there are three hundred and sixty degrees, and therein are the five sounds. Therefore, in each single sound there are seventy-two degrees. Since the period of the Sun's transit for one day is one degree, the transit period of a single sound is stated to be seventy-two days.

The season sound diagram:

a, i, u, e, o

Pisces, Taurus, Cancer, Libra, Sagittarius

Aries, Gemini, Leo, Scorpio, Capricorn

Taurus, Cancer, Cancer, Sagittarius, Aquarius

6 6 6 6 6

32 32 32 32 32

43 43 43 43 43

Now, the month sound diagram:

In Bhādrapada, Mārgaśīrṣa, and Vaiśākha, the rising of the sound 'a' occurs; / in Āśvina, Śrāvaṇa, and Āṣāḍha, the sound 'i' is remembered as the ruler.

The sound 'u' occurs in Caitra and Pauṣa; the sound 'e' in Jyeṣṭha and Kārttika; / the sound 'o' rises in the months of Māgha and Phālguna.

Two days, forty-three ghaṭīs, and thirty-eight palas / are stated to be the interval rising here in the monthly sound.

The month sound diagram:

a, i, u, e, o

Mārgaśīrṣa, Āśvina, Caitra, Jyeṣṭha, Māgha

Bhādrapada, Śrāvaṇa, Pauṣa, Kārttika, Phālguna

2 2 2 2 2

43 43 43 43 43

38 38 38 38 38

Now, the lunar fortnight sound diagram:

The sound 'a' is the lord of the dark fortnight; the sound 'i' is the lord of the bright fortnight; / the elapsed span within the fortnight is measured as half of the monthly elapsed span.

"The sound 'a'"—the meaning is clear.

The lunar fortnight sound diagram:

a, i

Dark, bright

a, i, u, e, o

1 1 1 1 1

21 21 21 21 21

49 49 49 49 49

Now, the day sound diagram:

Assigning the set of five lunar days beginning with Nandā in order to [the sounds] beginning with 'a', / the rising of the day sound always takes place at the beginning of its respective lunar day.

At the beginning of the lunar day, five ghaṭīs and twenty-seven palas: / this is stated by the learned to be the interval rising of the day sound.