一切經音義 67

English (machine translation) 67

Language: English

67.1

Compiled by the Translation-Assisting Śramaṇa Huilin

Sounds of: / Abhidharma-saṅgītiparyāya-pāda-śāstra, second set of ten fascicles (Huilin) / Vijñānakāya-pāda-śāstra, seventeen fascicles (Huilin) / Dhātukāya-pāda-śāstra, three fascicles (Huilin) / Prakaraṇa-pāda-śāstra, eighteen fascicles (Huilin) / Abhidharma-prakaraṇāpābhidharma-śāstra (Zhongshifen apitan lun), twelve fascicles (Huilin) / Abhidharma-vibhāṣā-śāstra, sixty fascicles (Xuanying) / The above six treatises in 110 fascicles are glossed with sounds in this fascicle.

67.3

Abhidharma-saṅgītiparyāya-pāda-śāstra, Fascicle Eleven

67.4

Compiled by the Śramaṇa Huilin

67.5

Intimate (親暱: the lower character has the fanqie n[í] + [w]ā; character dictionaries standardly write it with nì as radical as 暱; the treatise text writes it with ní as radical as 呢, which is a vulgar character. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: '暱 means intimate.' The Shuowen says: 'Close; it takes rì as radical and nì as phonetic').

67.6

Fascicle Twelve

67.7

Planting and shoots (栽𣡌: the upper character has the fanqie z[ài] + [l]ái; Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: '栽 means to plant.' The Chunqiu zhuan says: 'The vegetable gardens of Chu and neighbourhoods of Cai were planted.' The Shuowen gives the same meaning; it takes mù as radical and zāi as phonetic. Zāi has the same sound as above. The lower character has the fanqie [àn] + [g]é; Guo Pu's commentary on the Fangyan says: 'Niè means remnants.' The Shuowen says: '𣡌 means the stump remaining after felling a tree; it takes mù as radical and xiàn as phonetic.' In ancient script it is written as 枿 or as 櫱. The treatise text writes 糵 with the sound bǎi, which is incorrect).

67.8

Drowsy and dim-sighted (𧄼瞢: the upper character has the fanqie t[éng] + [d]èng; the Kaosheng says: '𧄼瞢 is the appearance of just waking up from sleep.' The lower character has the fanqie m[ò] + [p]éng; Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: '瞢 means troubled.' The Shuowen says: 'Eyes not seeing clearly; it takes mù as radical and méng as phonetic; méng means the eyes repeatedly darting.' The upper character has the sound léng + dèng).

67.9

Hesitating (躊躇: the upper character has the fanqie zh[òu] + [l]iú; the lower character has the fanqie zh[ù] + [l]ú; the Kaosheng says: '躊躇 means not advancing.' The Gujin zhengzi says: '躊躇 means being undecided; both characters take zú as radical, with shòu and zhù as phonetics').

67.10

Mahākapphiṇa (大劫庀那: 庀 has the fanqie p[ǐ] + [m]ǐ; Sanskrit; in the Tang language it is the name of an arhat).

67.11

Plowing and reclaiming land (耕墾: the lower character has the fanqie k[ěn] + [h]ěn; the Guangya says: '墾 means to cultivate.' Guo's commentary on the Fangyan says: 'Plowing and reclaiming land involves exertion.' The Cang Jie pian says: '墾 means to plow.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Also to cultivate; to plow; it takes tǔ as radical and kěn as phonetic').

67.12

Hard and stiff (堅鞕: the lower character has the fanqie [é] + [g]èng; character dictionaries also write it as 硬. The Guangya says: '𩋸 means hard.' The Shuowen says: 'It takes gé as radical and gēng as phonetic; gēng is the correct form of 更').

67.13

Udāna (嗢柁南: the upper character has the fanqie w[ēn] + [g]ǔ; the middle character has the fanqie tu[ó] + [w]ǒ).

67.14

Fascicle Thirteen

67.15

Coarse and unruly (麁獷: the lower character has the fanqie gu[ò] + [m]ěng; the treatise text writes 鑛, which is incorrect; the meaning has already been explained in full above in Fascicle Nine).

67.16

Storing up (貯積: the upper character has the fanqie zh[ū] + [l]ǚ; Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: '貯 means to hoard.' Gu Yewang says: 'What is called gathering and storing.' The Gujin zhengzi gives the same meaning; it takes bèi as radical and nǐng as phonetic. Nǐng has the fanqie chú + lǚ).

67.17

Fat and grease (肪膏: the upper character has the fanqie f[àng] + [f]áng; the Kaosheng says: 'The thick fat in the belly of a beast.' The Shuowen says: '肪 means fat; it takes ròu as radical and fāng as phonetic.' The lower character has the fanqie g[uǒ] + [l]áo; Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: 'Gāo is animal fat.' Gu Yewang says: 'Gāo means moistening it.' The Shuowen says: 'Also fat; it takes ròu as radical and gāo as phonetic').

67.18

Pus and blood (膿血: the upper character has the fanqie n[ǎi] + [d]ōng; correctly written as 癑, or as 膿; nowadays it is commonly written as 膿, and also written as 鹽. Gu Yewang says: '膿 is the purulent blood of ulcers and carbuncles.' The Gujin zhengzi gives the same meaning; it takes ròu (yuè) as radical and nóng as phonetic).

67.19

Fascicle Fourteen

67.20

Curled and shrunken (卷[縮-百+(囟-乂+夕)]: the first character has the fanqie [sound] 橛 + 圓; also read with the fanqie 厥 + 遠, which is also roughly passable. The Kaosheng says: “卷 means bent or curved.” Also written as 𤷄, stating that 𤷄𤼣 denotes a disease of the hands and feet. The second character has the fanqie 搜 + 六. The Hanshi zhuan says: “縮 means shrunken or drawn together.” In the Shuowen, the standard form is [摍-百+(囟-乂+又)], stating that it means constricted, and also to draw back; [摍-百+(囟-乂+又)][捆-木+支] means unable to extend; classified under the radical 'hand' (手) with [宿-百+(囟-乂+又)] phonetic. [捆-木+支] has the fanqie 細 + 六).

67.21

Fascicle Fifteen

67.22

Delighting in the Dharma (憙法: the first character has the fanqie 希 + 記. In the treatise text it is written as 憘, which is an interchangeable variant. The Kaosheng says: “憙 means fond of; that which pleases the heart.” The Guangya says: “憙 means fine or good.” The Shuowen says: “It means pleased; classified under the radical 'heart' (心) with 喜 phonetic.” 媺 has the fanqie 尾 + [夗-夕+月]).

67.23

Smelling incense (齅香: the first character has the fanqie 休 + 又. The Shuowen says: “To bring the nose close to a scent; classified under the radical 'nose' (鼻) with 臭 phonetic.” 臭 has the fanqie 醜 + 獸).

67.24

Deceit and flattery (誑讇: the first character has the fanqie 俱 + 況. Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the Guoyu says: “誑 is like deluding.” Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: “It means to deceive.” The Shuowen shares the same definition; classified under the radical 'speech' (言) with 狂 phonetic. The second character has the fanqie 覘 + 染. He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: “讇 means flattering and glib.” The Shuowen says: “It means obsequious; classified under the radical 'speech' (言) with 閻 phonetic.” 諛 has the sound 臾. In the treatise text it is written as 諂, which is a popular variant).

67.25

Deceitful and fraudulent (詭詐: the first character has the fanqie 歸 + 毀. In the treatise text it is written as 詭, which is not a proper character but an error in scribal copying. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says: “詭 means disdainful or insolent.” The Guangya says: “詭隨 means evil.” The Shuowen says: “It means blame; classified under the radical 'speech' (言) with 危 phonetic.” The second character has the fanqie 責 + 亞).

67.26

Without gap (無隙: the second character has the fanqie 卿 + 逆. Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the Guoyu says: “隙 means a crack.” Gu Yewang says: “It means resentment or grudges.” The Shuowen states it is classified under the radical 'mound' (阜) with [光-兀+(日/小)] phonetic. [光-兀+(日/小)] has the same sound as above. In the treatise text it is written as 隟, which is a popular variant).

67.27

Fascicle Sixteen

67.28

Drawing a bow (彎弓: the first character has the fanqie 綰 + 關. The Cangjie pian says: “彎 means to draw [a bow].” The Shuowen says: “Holding a bow and drawing an arrow; classified under the radical 'bow' (弓) with 䜌 phonetic.” 䜌 has the sound 攣).

67.29

Leaping and prancing (跳躑: the first character has the fanqie 狄 + 遙. The Cangjie pian says: “跳 means to leap or hop.” The Guangya says: “It means to ascend.” The Shuowen says: “It means to hop; classified under the radical 'foot' (足) with 兆 phonetic.” The second character has the fanqie 程 + 戟. In character dictionaries the standard form is 𨅙. In the treatise text it is written as 躑, which is a popular variant that has been in use for a long time, so it is retained).

67.30

Pressing and constrained (迫迮: the first character has the fanqie 𫋳 + 陌. Gu Yewang says: “迫 is like encroaching upon.” The Guangya says: “It means narrow.” The Shuowen says: “It means close; classified under the radical 'movement' (辵) with 白 phonetic.” The second character has the fanqie 爭 + 革. The Cangjie pian says: “迮 means to stop.” The Kaosheng says: “It means narrow and cramped.” The Shuowen states it is classified under the radical 'movement' (辵) with 乍 phonetic. 辵 has the fanqie 丑 + 略).

67.31

Mosquito beak (𧓹㭰: the first character has the fanqie 問 + 分. According to character dictionaries, the standard form is also written as 𧊈. In the treatise text it is written as 蚉, which is a popular character in common use. The Zitong says: “𧊈 is a flying insect that bites humans; because it comes out at dusk, the character is composed with 'dusk' (昬).” The Shuowen states it is classified under 昬 with 䖵 phonetic. 齧 has the fanqie 妍 + 結. The second character has the fanqie 卒 + 髓, which is the standard character. In the treatise text it is written as 𭉨, which is incorrect. The Kaosheng says: “㭰 means a bird's beak.” The Shuowen says: “㭰 means to peck into it; classified under 此 with 朿 phonetic.” 髓 has the fanqie 雖 + 㭰. 朿 has the sound 次).

67.32

Fascicle Seventeen

67.33

Courageous and fierce (勇悍: the second character has the fanqie 寒 + 且; the character is also written as 忓. The Jiayu says: “悍 also means brave.” The Zhuangzi says: “Yet if I do not heed, I have no obstinacy.” The Shuowen says: “It also means courageous; classified under the radical 'heart' (心) with 旱 phonetic”).

67.34

Agitated and disturbed (躁擾: the first character has the fanqie 遭 + 喿; the standard form is 躁. In the treatise text it is written as 槮, which is the character for dangling sleeves and has the fanqie 衫 + 斬; it is not the character for restlessness of the mind. It was already fully explained above in the tenth fascicle. The second character has the fanqie 人 + 沼).

67.35

What is tasted (所甞: the second character has the sound 常. According to character dictionaries, 甞 is the standard form. In the treatise text it is written as 甞, which is incorrect. Gu Yewang says: “甞 means to test or try.” The Shuowen says: “It means to taste flavor; classified under the radical 'sweet' (甘) with 尚 phonetic”).

67.36

Fascicle Eighteen

67.37

Extolling and praising (揄揚: the first character has the fanqie 𢈔 + 朱; the second character has the fanqie 養 + 章. Character dictionaries state: “揄 means to draw out or promote.” Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu says: “揚 means to lift up.” It also says: “Speaking loudly and swiftly is called 揚.” Zheng [Xuan]'s notes on the Shijing say: “揚 means to arouse or stir.” The Guangya says: “It means to illuminate.” The Shuowen says: “揄 also means to draw forth; 揚 means to fly upwards.” Both characters are classified under the radical 'hand' (手) with 俞 and 昜 respectively as phonetics).

67.38

Pecking and devouring (啄啖: the first character has the fanqie 陟 + 角; it is the standard character in character dictionaries. In the treatise text it is written as 啄, which is a popular variant. The Guangya says: “啄 means to bite.” The Shuowen says: “Birds eating; classified under the radical 'mouth' (口) with 豖 phonetic.” The second character has the fanqie 談 + 敢; it is the standard character for eating. In the treatise text it is written as 噉, which is a popular character in common use. The Guangya says: “噉 means to eat.” The Shuowen states it is classified under the radical 'mouth' (口) with 炎 phonetic).

67.39

Bone-chain [interlocking bones] (骨鎖: the second character has the fanqie 蘇 + 果; it is the standard form. In the treatise text it is written as 𩪑, which is incorrect. When checking various character dictionaries, none contain this character 𩪑. The Kaosheng says: “鎖 means linked rings.” Character dictionaries say: “鎖 means interlocking and bound.” The Gujin zhengzi has the same meaning; classified under the radical 'metal' (金) with 𧴪 phonetic. 𧴲 has the same sound as above).

67.40

Fascicle Nineteen

67.41

Vārāṇasī (婆羅痆斯: 痆 has the fanqie 𧹞 + 黠; it is Sanskrit).

67.42

Polishing and burnishing (磨瑩: the first character has the fanqie 莫 + 波; the second character has the fanqie 縈 + 定. Already explained above in the seventh fascicle of the Abhidharma-dharmaskandha-pāda-śāstra).

67.43

Fetter of jealousy (嫉結: the first character has the fanqie 秦 + 栗. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: “Harming the worthy is called 嫉; being envious of beauty is called 妬.” The Gujin zhengzi states it is classified under the radical 'woman' (女) with 疾 phonetic).

67.44

Like thickets (若榛: has the fanqie 仕 + 臻. The Kaosheng says: “榛 means flourishing growth of grasses and trees.” The Gujin zhengzi shares the same definition; classified under the radical 'tree' (木) with 秦 phonetic).

67.45

Appearance of the Śarabhā river (設臘婆水相: 臘 has the fanqie 藍 + 荅. In the treatise text it is written as 獵, which is an error. In Sanskrit, it is the name of a river in the Western Regions).

67.46

Flame of fire (火燄: the second character has the fanqie 閻 + 贍. The Shangshu says: “Fire first blazing.” The Shuowen says: “Fire creeping slightly with blazing flame; classified under 炎 with 臽 phonetic.” In the treatise text it is written as 焰, which is incorrect).

67.47

Fascicle Twenty

67.48

Boats and rafts (船筏: the second character has the fanqie 煩 + 襪. The Fangyan says: “A bamboo raft (𥱼) is called a 筏.” The Picang says: “筏 is a 𥱼.” The Gujin zhengzi states it is classified under the radical 'bamboo' (竹) with 伐 phonetic. 𥱼 has the fanqie 步 + 皆).

67.49

Dikes and embankments (隄䧜: the first character has the fanqie 底 + 奚; also read with the fanqie 徒 + 奚, with the same meaning. Su Lin's commentary on the Hanshu says: “隄 means a boundary or limit.” The Cangjie pian says: “隄 means an earthen mound.” Wei Zhao says: “Piling up earth to serve as a boundary marker.” The Gujin zhengzi states it is classified under the radical 'mound' (阜) with 是 phonetic. The second character has the fanqie 蕩 + 郎. Zheng [Xuan]'s notes on the Shijing say: “溏 means mud or embankment.” Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says: “It means an embankment.” The Picang says: “In Changsha, an embankment is called a 䧜; this is what the Guoyu refers to as 'reservoirs, embankments, marshes, and depressions'.” The Gujin zhengzi states it is classified under the radical 'mound' (阜) with 唐 phonetic).

67.50

Walls and moats (牆塹: the first character has the fanqie 匠 + 羊; it is the standard form of the character 牆. In the treatise text it is written as 塘, which is a popular variant. Gu Yewang says: “牆 also means an earthen wall.” The Lunyu says: “The Master's wall is several fathoms high.” The Shuowen says: “A low wall providing screening; classified under the radical 爿 with 嗇 phonetic.” 嗇 has the fanqie 使 + 力. The second character has the fanqie 韱 + 漸).

67.51

Abhidharma-vijñānakāya-pāda-śāstra, Fascicle One

67.52

Vast ocean (巨溟: the second character has the fanqie 茗 + 經. The Zhuangzi says: “溟 is the Celestial Pond.” Sima Biao's commentary says: “溟 refers to the North and South Poles; being far removed from the sun and moon, it is thus named 溟.” Character dictionaries say: “溟 means the ocean.” The Shuowen states it is classified under the radical 'water' (水) with 冥 phonetic. 冥 has the same sound as above).

67.53

Torrential flow (瀑流: the first character has the fanqie 袍 + 報. The Shizhuan says: “瀑 means sudden wind and rain.” The Wenzidian shuo says: “Sudden rising and rushing of river waters.” The Shuowen says: “Sudden rain; classified under the radical 'water' (水) with 㬥 phonetic.” 㬥 has the same sound as above).

67.54

Contacting the palate (著𱼛: the first character has the fanqie 長 + 略. The second character has the fanqie 昂 + 各; it is the standard character 𦠍. In the treatise text it is written as 腭, which is a popular character in common use. The Kaosheng says: “𦠍 is read with the fanqie 齗 + 反; classified under the radical 'meat' (肉) with 㖾 phonetic.” 㖾 has the same sound as above. Various character dictionaries lack this character 𦠍; only the Shuowen contains 谷, which has the fanqie 巨 + 略, meaning the upper curvature inside the mouth, classified under 'mouth' (口) with the upper part picturing ridges like ice (仌); it is a pictographic character).

67.55

Fascicle Two

67.56

Defamation and slander (誹謗: the first character has the fanqie 匪 + 微. The Dadai Liji says: “Setting up the post for criticism and the drum for wishing to remonstrate.” The Shuowen says: “It means to slander; classified under the radical 'speech' (言) with 非 phonetic.” The second character has the fanqie 牓 + 浪. Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: “謗 means to defame.” The Shuowen shares the same definition; classified under the radical 'speech' (言) with 旁 phonetic. 旁 has the fanqie 薄 + 晃).

67.57

Naraka (捺落迦: the first character has the fanqie 難 + 姐; it is Sanskrit, meaning the name of hells).

67.58

Fascicle Three

67.59

Jambulū [?] (鉆部盧: the first character has the fanqie 儉 + 炎; in Sanskrit, it is the name of a non-Buddhist teaching).

67.60

Donkey-herding Ariṣṭa (牧驢頞李瑟吒: the first character has the sound 木; the second has the fanqie 呂 + 猪; 頞 has the sound 遏. In Sanskrit, it is the name of a bhikṣu).

67.61

Fascicle Four

67.62

Domain of desires (欲廛: the second character has the fanqie 徹 + 連. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Zhouli says: “廛 refers to residences in cities and towns.” Zheng also notes: “Market 廛 are lodges and shops for goods; it denotes the place where myriad desires gather, just as people live in market residences.” Also written as 纏. The Kaosheng says: “纏 means to twine around; to bind; it means being entangled and bound by various desires.” The Shuowen says: “廛 is an area of one and a half mu, the dwelling of a single household; classified under the radical 广 with 墨 phonetic.” In the treatise text it is written as 厘, which is incorrect).

67.63

Fascicle Five (No pronunciation or gloss for characters)

67.64

Fascicle Six

67.65

Like an ulcer (若癰: the second character has the fanqie 擁 + 恭. Sima Biao's commentary on the Zhuangzi says: “Superficial heat causes pimples; obstruction causes ulcers.” The Shuowen says: “It means swelling; classified under the radical 'sickness' (疒) with 雝 phonetic.” 雝 has the same sound as above; 擁 has the fanqie 邕 + 拱; 瘭 has the sound 摽).

67.66

Or to repudiate (或撥: the second character has the fanqie 般 + 未. The Mao Shizhuan says: “撥 is like severing.” Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: “It means to cast aside.” The Guangya says: “To eliminate.” The Wenzidian shuo says: “To regulate; classified under the radical 'hand' (手) with 發 phonetic”).

67.67

Fascicle Seven

67.68

Deep darkness (冥闇: the first character has the fanqie 覓 + 瓶. The Kaosheng says: “冥 means obscure and dark.” The Shizhuan says: “冥 means deep and secluded.” Zheng [Xuan]'s notes on the Shijing say: “It means night.” Guo [Pu]'s commentary on the Erya says: “The young and immature are dim and ignorant.” The Shuowen says: “It means dark; classified under 冂 and the number six, since on the sixteenth day the moon begins to wane; with 冂 phonetic.” 冂 has the sound 覓. The second character has the fanqie 菴 + 紺. The Picang says: “闇 means inferior and weak.” Character dictionaries say: “It means dark.” The Shuowen says: “Shutting a door; classified under the radical 'gate' (門) with 音 phonetic.” 窈 has the fanqie 要 + 小. 稚 has the fanqie 遲 + 里).

67.69

Ignorance and folly (愚癡: the first character has the fanqie 遇 + 俱. The second character has the fanqie 耻 + 知. The Picang says: “癡 means foolish and dull.” The Huainanzi says: “Not exempt from madness and folly.” The Shuowen says: “It means lacking wisdom; classified under the radical 'sickness' (疒) with 疑 phonetic.” 疒 has the fanqie 女 + 厄).

67.70

Fascicles Eight, Nine, and Ten (The above three fascicles have no pronunciation or gloss for characters)

67.71

Abhidharma-vijñānakāya-pāda-śāstra, Fascicle Eleven

67.72

Gambling games (博戲: the second character has the fanqie 希 + 義. The Erya says: “戲 means jesting and sporting.” The Shizhuan says: “戲 means relaxed amusement.” The Gujin zhengzi states it is classified under the radical 'halberd' (戈) with 䖒 phonetic. 䖒 has the fanqie 欣 + 衣).

67.73

Indulging in lust (耽婬: the first character has the fanqie 荅 + 甘. The second character has the sound 淫. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu says: “婬 means excess.” Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the Guoyu says: “婬 means depraved.” It also says: “Transgressing propriety and forgetting virtue is called 婬.” Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Liji says: “婬 is like licentious abandonment.” The Shuowen says: “Private welcoming; classified under the radical 'woman' (女) with 㸒 phonetic.” 㸒 has the same sound as above).

67.74

Fascicle Twelve

67.75

Barely beholding (纔覩: the first character has the fanqie 在 + 來; also read 在. Gu Yewang says: “纔 is like merely.” The Hanshu says: “Barely a few items.” The Gujin zhengzi states it is classified under the radical 'silk' (糸) with [毚-、] phonetic. [毚-、] has the fanqie 仕 + 咸. The second character has the fanqie 都 + 魯. The Guangya says: “覩 means to look at.” The Gujin zhengzi says: “覩 means to see; classified under the radical 'see' (見) with 者 phonetic”).

67.76

Ant eggs (螘卵: the first character has the fanqie 宜 + 倚; the standard form is 螘. In the treatise text it is written as 蟻, an interchangeable character. The Erya says: “The small ones are 螘.” The Shuowen says: “Winged ants; classified under the radical 'insect' (虫) with 豈 phonetic.” The second character has the fanqie 巒 + 管).

67.77

Washing and cleansing (濯[泳-永+(生/(丹-、+〡))]: the first character has the fanqie 直 + 角. The Shizhuan says: “濯 means to wash clean.” It also says: “濯 is that by which heat is relieved.” Gu Yewang says: “It means to rinse.” The Guangya says: “濯 means to wash.” The Shuowen says: “It means to bathe/cleanse; classified under the radical 'water' (水) with 翟 phonetic.” 翟 has the sound 狄. The second character is the standard form of 清).

67.78

Fascicles Thirteen, Fourteen, Fifteen, Sixteen, and Seventeen (The above five fascicles have no pronunciation or gloss for characters)

67.79

Abhidharma-dhātukāya-pāda-śāstra, Upper Fascicle

67.80

聰叡 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 麤 + 公 [cōng]. The commentary on the Shijing says that 聰 means 'to hear'. The Han school commentary on the Shijing says it means 'clear-sighted'. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says it means 'to listen'. The Shuowen says it means 'to examine closely'; it has the radical 耳 with 怱 as its phonetic element; 怱 has the same pronunciation. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 營 + 惠 [ruì]. The Shangshu says: '叡 makes sagacity.' The Guangya says it means 'wisdom'. Jia [Kui's] commentary on the Guoyu says it means 'clear-sighted'. The Shuowen says it means 'profoundly insightful'; it has the radicals 𣦻, 目, and 谷 abbreviated as phonetic; 𣦻 has the pronunciation 殘).

67.81

嚻舉 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 希 + 驕 [xiāo]. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Zhouli says that 嚻 means 'clamorous'. Gu Yewang says that 嚻 is like 'clamour and uproar'. The Erya says it means 'leisurely'. The Shuowen says it means 'sound; vessels emerging above the head'; it has the radical 㗊 with 頁; 頁 has the pronunciation 首; 㗊 has the fanqie pronunciation 莊 + 立).

67.82

尤蛆 (The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 覻 + 余 [qū]. The Kaosheng says that 蛆 are 'worms in spoiled meat'. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'The 蝍蛆 is the centipede [蚿]'; 蚿 has the pronunciation 弦; 'in Northern Yan it is called 蛆渠'; it has the radical 虫 with 且 as its phonetic element).

67.83

很悷 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 痕 + 艮 [hěn]. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 犁 + 帝 [lì]. They have already been explained above in the third fascicle of the Jiyimen lun).

67.84

瞑眩 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 綿 + 偏 [mián], which is the standard form of the character; in the treatise text it is written as 𥈅, which is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 玄 + 絹 [xuàn]. The Shangshu says: 'If a medicine does not induce dizziness, the illness will not be cured.' The Kaosheng says that 瞑眩 means 'distressed and stifled'. The Cang Jie pian says it means 'dim-sighted'. Jia [Kui's] commentary on the Guoyu says it means 'confused vision'. The Shuowen says that 瞑 means 'to close the eyes'; it has the radical 目 with 冥, which also serves as its phonetic element. 眩 means 'the eyes having no fixed focus'; it has the radical 目 with 玄 as its phonetic element).

67.85

Fascicle Two and Fascicle Three (Neither contains any characters that need phonetic or glossarial commentary.)

67.86

Postface

67.87

紕𩋸 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 𠤭 + 毘 [pī]. The Kaosheng says that 紕 means 'loose and thin silk'. The Liji says: 'When all things are tangled and erroneous, the people will have nowhere to turn for death.' Zheng Xuan's commentary says that 紕 is like 'error'. The Gujin zhengzi says it has the radical 糸 with 比 as its phonetic element. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 𬱃 + 更 [gèng]. The Guangya says that 鞕 means 'hard and firm'. The Shuowen says it has the radical 革 with 更 as its phonetic element. In the treatise text it is written with the radical 石 as 硬, which is a vulgar character).

67.88

雄傑 (The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 乾 + 蘗 [jié]. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says that 傑 refers to 'talent and ability'. The commentary on the Shijing says that 傑 means 'standing out uniquely'. The Jian commentary says it means 'heroic excellence'. The Kaosheng says: 'One whose talent surpasses ten thousand people is called a 傑.' The Huainanzi says: 'One whose wisdom surpasses a thousand people is called a 傑.' The Gujin zhengzi says it means 'arrogant'; it has the radical 人 with 桀 as phonetic; 敖 has the pronunciation 五 + 刀).

67.89

忼慨 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 苦 + 朗 [kǎng]. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 開 + 愛 [kǎi]. Gu Yewang says that 忼慨 means 'disappointed in one's ambitions'. He also says that 忼慨 means 'indignantly robust, sighing with regret and lamentation'; it is also written as the character 愾. The Wenzidian shuo says that 忼慨 means 'sorrowful and indignant'; both characters have the radical 心 with 亢 and 既 as their respective phonetic elements. In the treatise text they are written as 慷愷, which is incorrect).

67.90

繄可 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 壹 + 奚 [yī]. The Kaosheng says that 繄 is 'a sighing sound'. Gu Yewang says that 繄 is 'an initial particle sound'. The Wenzidian shuo says it is 'an auxiliary grammatical particle'; it has the radical 糸 with 殹 as its phonetic element; 殹 has the fanqie pronunciation 壹 + 計).

67.91

殫言 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 旦 + 蘭 [dān]. The Kaosheng says that 殫 means 'exhausted, to the utmost'. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu also says it means 'exhausted'. The Gujin zhengzi gives the same meaning; it has the radical 歺 with 單 as phonetic; 殛 has the fanqie pronunciation 矜 + 力; 歺 has the fanqie pronunciation 在 + 安).

67.92

虛簉 (The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 初 + 瘦 [chòu]. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan says that 簉 means 'assistant'. The Kaosheng says it means 'to be placed among, to fill up'. The Gujin zhengzi gives it with the radical 草 and 造 as phonetic. In the treatise text it is written with the radical 竹 as 簉, which is a scribal error).

67.93

操觚 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 草 + 遭 [cāo]. The Kaosheng says that 操 means 'to hold, to take'. The Wenzidian shuo says it has the radical 手 with 喿 as phonetic; 喿 has the fanqie pronunciation 𢳰 + 躁. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 古 + 胡 [gū]. The correct character is written with the radical 木 as 柧. The Tongsu wen says: 'The 柧 has eight edges; it refers to wood pared into eight edges that one holds to write on; the ancients used it, but it is no longer used today.' The Shuowen also says it means 'edge'; it has the radical 木 with 瓜 as phonetic. In the treatise it is written as 觚, which is a wine vessel).

67.94

函杖 (The first character has the pronunciation 含 [hán]. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says that 函 means 'to contain, to tolerate'.)

67.95

彫斲 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 鳥 + 僚 [diāo]. The Kaosheng says that 彫 means 'to decorate'. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says that 彫 means 'to paint'. Gu Yewang says it means 'to engrave and carve'. The Guangya says it means 'to engrave'. The Wenzidian shuo says that 彫 means 'to carve ornamental patterns, to engrave and paint'; it has the radical 彡 with 周 as phonetic; 彡 has the pronunciation 杉. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 竹 + 角 [zhuó]. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says that 斲 means 'to pare down'. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan says: 'Those who wield the adze are artisans.' The Shuowen says it means 'to chop'; it has the radical 斤 with 𠁁 as phonetic; 𠁁 has the fanqie pronunciation 投 + 斗).

67.96

波𣽨 (The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 特 + 登 [téng]. The Mao Shijing says: 'The hundred rivers bubble up and boil.' Both the Kaosheng and Gu Yewang say that 𣽨 means 'water gushing upward'. The Wenzidian shuo says it means 'water boiling and gushing upward'; it has the radical 水 with [舟*(券-刀)] as phonetic; [舟*(券-刀)] has the fanqie pronunciation 沉 + 錦. In dictionaries it is correctly written as 𣽨. In the treatise text it is written as [潫-糸+馬], which is incorrect. The character is also sometimes written as [滕-月+洀], which is the same as 𣽨).

67.97

Abhidharma-prakaraṇapāda-śāstra, Fascicle One

67.98

Compiled by the Śramaṇa Huilin

67.99

所齅 (The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 休 + 宥 [xiù]. The Lunyu says: 'Zilu saluted it; it sniffed thrice and flew away.' The Shuowen says it means 'to bring the nose close to a smell'; hence it has the radical 鼻, which also functions as its phonetic element).

67.100

歰性 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 山 + 立 [sè], which is the standard form of the character. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says that 歰 means 'difficult'. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Fangyan says that 歰 is like 'grudging'. The Shuowen says it means 'not smooth'; it is composed of four 止, two written inverted and two upright. In the treatise text it is written with the radical 水 as 澁, which is a vulgar and incorrect form).

67.101

寬曠 (The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 郭 + 謗 [kuàng]. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says that 曠 means 'empty'. The Guangya says it means 'vast'. The Cang Jie pian says it means 'open and spacious'. The Shuowen says it means 'bright'; it has the radical 日 with 廣 as its phonetic element).

67.102

Fascicle Two

67.103

耽嗜 (The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 時 + 利 [shì]. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says that 耆 means 'covetous'. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says it means 'sweet and craved without satisfaction'. The Shuowen says that 嗜 means 'desire, fond of it'; it has the radical 口 with 耆 as its phonetic element).

67.104

Fascicle Three

67.105

羸惙 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 力 + 為 [léi]. Jia [Kui's] commentary on the Guoyu says that 羸 means 'sickly'. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says it means 'inferior'. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan says it means 'weak'. The Shuowen says it means 'emaciated'; it has the radical 羊 with 𣎆 as phonetic; 𣎆 has the fanqie pronunciation 力 + 臥. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 丁 + 劣 [chuò]. The Kaosheng says that 惙 is 'the appearance of weakness'. The commentary on the Shijing says that 惙 means 'sorrowful'. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Fangyan says that 忡惙 indicates 'fearful feelings'. The Wenzidian shuo says it has the radical 心 with 叕 as phonetic; 叕 has the fanqie pronunciation 丁 + 衛; 忡 has the fanqie pronunciation 丑 + 中).

67.106

寧謐 (The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 民 + 必 [mì]. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says that 謐 means 'tranquil'. The Wenzidian shuo says it has the radical 言 with 𥁑 as phonetic; 𥁑 has the same pronunciation as above).

67.107

躁擾 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 子 + 到 [zào]. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 饒 + 沼 [rǎo]. They have already been explained above in the tenth fascicle of the Jiyimen zun lun).

67.108

傲誕 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 遨 + 告 [ào]. The Kaosheng says that 傲 means 'arrogant, proud, and disrespectful'. The Wenzidian shuo says that 傲 means 'disrespectful'; it has the radical 人 with 敖 as phonetic; the character is also written as 𰌚; in the treatise text it is written as 慠, which is a vulgar character. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 壇 + 旦 [dàn]. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says that 誕 means 'to deceive'; it also says it means 'great'. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says it means 'disrespectful'. The Wenzidian shuo says it has the radical 言 with 延 as its phonetic element).

67.109

Fascicle Four (No characters requiring phonetic or glossarial commentary.)

67.110

Fascicle Five

67.111

四[桓-旦+(尸@乙)] (The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 嚶 + 革 [è]. Correctly written with the radical 車 as 軶. The Kaogongji says: 'The wheelwright makes the yoke [軶], six feet in length', referring to what presses upon the ox's neck at the end of the wagon pole. In the treatise text it is written with the radical 手 as 扼, which does not carry this meaning; that character is 扼 from 'to grip the wrist'.)

67.112

From Fascicle Six to Fascicle Eighteen, a total of thirteen fascicles (The texts are easy and contain no difficult characters requiring phonetic or glossarial commentary.)

67.113

Zhongshifen apitan lun, Fascicle One (No characters requiring phonetic or glossarial commentary.)

67.114

Fascicle Two

67.115

捷疾 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 潛 + 葉 [jié]. The Kaosheng says that 捷 means 'vigorous, swift, and wise'; it is also written as 疌, meaning 'moving swiftly'. The Mao Shijing says: '捷 is victory.' Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan says that 捷 means 'to overcome'. The Shuowen says it means 'to hunt'; it has the radical 手 with 疌 as phonetic; 疌 has the same pronunciation as above; 獵 has the fanqie pronunciation 力 + 合).

67.116

飄馳 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 疋 + 瓢 [piāo]. The commentary on the Shijing says that a whirl of wind is called 飄. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: 'The sieve-basket creates a swirling wind.' The Wenzidian shuo says it has the radical 風 with 票 as phonetic; 票 has the fanqie pronunciation 必 + 遙).

67.117

Fascicle Three (No characters requiring phonetic or glossarial commentary.)

67.118

Fascicle Four

67.119

摶食 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 徒 + 鸞 [tuán]. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan says that 摶 means 'to shape with the hands'. The Kaosheng says that 摶 means 'to make adhere together'. The Wenzidian shuo says it means 'round'; it has the radical 手 with 專 as phonetic. In the treatise text it is written with 端 abbreviated as 揣, which is the character for estimating [chuǎi], not having the meaning of shaping by hand; 揣 has the fanqie pronunciation 初 + 委).

67.120

猗覺枝 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 意 + 冝 [yī]. The commentary on the Shijing says that 猗 is an exclamatory particle; it also says that horn tied up is called 猗. The Shuowen says it means 'a castrated dog'; it has the radical 犬 with 奇 as phonetic; [愘-ㄆ+丰] has the fanqie pronunciation 革 + 賣).

67.121

Fascicle Five

67.122

隄䧜 (The first character has the fanqie pronunciation 帝 + 奚 [dī]. Su Lin's commentary on the Hanshu says that 隄封 refers to the boundaries of ten thousand wells. Wei Zhao says: 'Piling up earth to make a boundary.' The Shuowen says that 隄 means 䧜; it has the radical 阜 with 是 as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie pronunciation 蕩 + 郎 [táng]. The Erya says that the pathway in an ancestral temple is called 䧜. Zheng [Xuan's] Jian commentary on the Shijing says that 䧜 means 'on the path'. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says that 䧜 is also an embankment. The Picang says that the people of Changsha call an embankment a 䧜. The Kaosheng says that 䧜 means 'mounding up earth to make a path'; it means an embankment. The Gujin zhengzi also says it is an embankment or reservoir dike; it has the radical 阜 with 唐 as phonetic. In the treatise text it is written as 堤塘, which are commonly used vulgar characters).

67.123

From Fascicle Six to Fascicle Twelve (None contains any characters requiring phonetic or glossarial commentary.)

67.124

Abhidharma-vibhāṣā-śāstra, Fascicle One

67.125

Compiled by the Śramaṇa Xuanying

67.126

阿毘曇 (Also called abhidharma [阿毗達磨] or abhidharma [阿鼻達磨], which are phonetic shifts of the Sanskrit term. This is translated as 'supreme dharma', or 'incomparable dharma', because it explicates wisdom; or called 'directed toward the dharma', because the cause leads toward the fruit; or called 'matching dharma', because wisdom faces the objective realm).

67.127

毘婆沙 (In the Suixiang lun it is written as 毗頗娑. Here it means 'extensive explanation'. It should be vocalized bibōshā, translated as 'various explanations', or 'analytical explanations', or 'extensive explanations', which all share the same meaning).

67.128

優波提舍 (Upadeśa. Here it means 'following and analyzing the doctrines expounded, explaining them in turn'. The old translators rendered its meaning as 'treatise and exposition scriptures' [lunyi jing]).

67.129

犍度 (Has the fanqie pronunciation 巨 + 焉 [jiān]. This is an erroneous abbreviation; it should be skandha [娑犍圖]; 犍 has the fanqie pronunciation 居 + 言. Here it means 'aggregate' or 'section'. The Madhyama-āgama says that 犍度 means 'a pile of wood', which shares the same meaning).

67.130

評曰 (Has the fanqie pronunciation 皮 + 命 [píng]. It refers to deliberating and discussing. The Zishu says that 評 means 'to judge' [訂]; 訂 has the fanqie pronunciation 徒 + 頂. The Shuowen says that 訂 means 'to deliberate and discuss' [評議]).

67.131

Fascicle Two (Not glossed previously.)

67.132

Fascicle Three

67.133

渴伽月 (In the canon it is written as 佉伽, both being corruptions. The correct form is 朅伽 [khaḍga]; 朅 has the fanqie pronunciation 去 + 謁 [qiè]. This is translated as 'rhinoceros'. Viṣāṇa means 'horn'. It refers to the rhinoceros having a single horn, thus symbolizing solitude, which metaphors the Pratyekabuddha; it means dwelling alone in the mountain forests one by one).

67.134

般吒 (This is an erroneous abbreviation; it should be paṇḍaka [般荼迦], translated here as 'eunuch'. There are five classes of them, 'paṇḍaka' being their collective name: First, one who possesses male genitalia but cannot father children. Second, īrṣyā-paṇḍaka; īrṣyā means 'jealousy', referring to one who only arouses lust upon seeing others engage in intercourse, but does not arouse it when not seeing them. Third, ṣaṇḍha-paṇḍaka, referring to one whose male genitalia have naturally been defective from birth so that he cannot father children. Fourth, pakṣa-paṇḍaka, referring to one who acts as male for half a month and female for half a month; pakṣa means 'assistance', referring to two half-months mutually assisting to complete one full month. Fifth, luna-paṇḍaka, referring to one whose male genitalia have been mutilated by punishment; luna means 'severed'.)

67.135

Fascicle Four

67.136

刀鞘 (In the Xiaor ya written as 鞘, and in various texts written as 削, both having the fanqie pronunciation 思 + 誚 [qiào]. The Fangyan says: 'A sword sheath is called 削 east of the Pass, and called 鞞 west of the Pass'; 鞞 has the pronunciation 餅. The Shuowen says: 'A scabbard for a knife.' South of the Yangzi it is pronounced xiào; in Guanzhong it is pronounced xiào).

67.137

𡱁𡱤 (The first character is also written as 茵, and in ancient texts also written as 矢, both having the fanqie pronunciation 失 + 旨 [shǐ]. The Shuowen says it means 'feces'. The second character is also written as 尿, having the fanqie pronunciation 嬈 + 𢎨 [niào]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Discharge from the bladder is called 尿.' The Zilin says: '𡱤 is urine.' Medical texts often write them as 矢溺, which are phonetic borrowings. In the treatise text it is written as 屎, pronounced 香 + 𰁢; '殿屎' means groaning in pain, so 屎 does not carry this meaning).

67.138

Fascicle Five

67.139

頗有 (Has the fanqie pronunciation 普 + 我 [pǒ]. It is a discursive phrase in various texts.)

67.140

Pupils of the eyes (眼瞳: [瞳 is] *tu* and *gong* [combined in] *fanqie* [= *tong*]; the *Picang* says: "The eyeball; the pupil in the eye.").

67.141

Fascicle Six (Not previously glossed for pronunciation).

67.142

Fascicle Seven

67.143

Kokila bird (瞿翅羅鳥: in the sūtras sometimes written as 拘枳羅 bird or 俱翅羅 bird, being one and the same kind; here translated as "crow-bird", and also called "sweet-voiced bird"; this bird is ugly in shape but sweet in voice, being named after its sound; it is [also known as] the bird of sharing lives [jīvañjīvaka]).

67.144

Lurking and spying (捕狙: [狙 is] also written as 覷, the same, *qian* and *xu* *fanqie* [= *qu*]; the *Sancang* says: "*Ju* means to watch and spy on." The *Tongsu wen* says: "Lying in wait to spy on is called *ju*." This is it. *Ju* also means to gaze and observe, meaning to watch each other. In the treatise text it is written as [木*(刃/一/刃/一)], which has been a habitual error for a long time, and no one has corrected it).

67.145

Jeta Grove (祇洹: this is Jetavana; the character [祇] is corrupted here; it should be said as *yiduo* (jeta) or said as *zheduo* (jeta), here meaning "conquering in battle"; *vana* here means "forest"; hence named "grove of victory"; the sound of 栘 is *shi* and *xi* *fanqie* [= *xi*]).

67.146

Latrine (廁溷: [廁 is] *ce* and *li* *fanqie* [= *ci*], meaning people intermix upon it, not being just one; the second character [溷 is] *hu* and *kun* *fanqie* [= *hun*]; the *Guangya* says: "*Qing* (圊), *hun* (圂), and *bing* (庰) mean privy." *Ce* (privy) is also *hun* (pigsty/latrine), expressing turbidity and foulness; or it is called *qing* ("pure"), meaning that in the most foul places it is proper to clean and tend them so that they are purified and clean).

67.147

Coarse contact (麁觸: [麁 is] *qie* and *hu* *fanqie* [= *cu*]; the *Guangya* says: "*Cu* means large." Furthermore, man's alertness and guarding are also called *cu*; the nature of deer when feeding and resting is to turn their backs to each other, fearing harm from humans and beasts, and alertness is like this too; thus the character is composed of three deer (鹿), which is the semantic sense of the character).

67.148

Mound and valley (𨹃穀: [𨹃 is] *tu* and *guo* *fanqie* [= *duo*]; the *Zilin* says: "*Duo* is a small mound; the people of Wu call piled-up earth *duo*." This is its meaning now).

67.149

Then pressing (次壓: [壓 is] *yu* and *jia* *fanqie* [= *ya*]; the *Cang Jie jiegu* says: "*Ya* means to weigh down, to press." In the treatise text it is written as 押, pronounced *jia*; the *Erya* says: "*Ya* (押) means to support; it also means to bundle." 押 is not used here).

67.150

White clay (白墡: the graph form is written as 墠; the *Zilin* gives the sound *shan*; it is the name of an earth, which is white earth, also named chalk (*e*); examining Wu Pu's *Bencao*, it says: "Chalk (白堊), another name is *hun* (堚)." This is it).

67.151

Fascicle Eight

67.152

Dimness and cataracts (瞟翳: [瞟 is] *pi* and *miao* *fanqie* [= *piao*], an eye disease; the second character is sometimes written as 瞖, the same, *yu* and *ji* *fanqie* [= *yi*]).

67.153

If poking out (若挑: [挑 is] *ta* and *yao* *fanqie* [= *tiao*]; the *Shuowen* says: "*Tiao* means to dig out; using the hand to dig and pull out an object").

67.154

Twins conjoined (孿子併: [孿 is] *suo* and *huan* *fanqie* [= *luan*]; the *Guangya* says: "*Luan* means two." The *Tongsu wen* says: "Connected children are called *luan*." The *Zilin* says: "Twins." The *Cang Jie pian* says: "One birth of two children." 併 is pronounced *pu* and *ming* *fanqie* [= *bing*]; the *Erya* says: "*Bing* means beside; it also means together." This means that if there were two body faculties, then two persons would be connected and conjoined, which is impossible).

67.155

Pool of water (潢水: [潢 is] *hu* and *guang* *fanqie* [= *huang*]; the *Shuowen* says: "*Huang* is a pool of water accumulated over a long time; large is called *huang*, small is called *wu* (puddle); *wu* is turbid water").

67.156

Finger-stall (捐㧺: the ancient script form 𩎽 is the same; *tu* and *da* *fanqie* [= *da*]; the *Shuowen* says: "A finger-stall (㧺); another says: a leather finger-stall." It is the archer's thimble (𩎽) of today).

67.157

Fascicle Nine

67.158

Holding a staff (操杖: [操 is] also written as 𢿾, the same, *cuo* and *lao* *fanqie* [= *cao*]; the *Shuowen* says: "*Cao* means to hold in the hand; to grasp." In the treatise text it is written as [木*(刃/一/刃/一)], which is incorrect).

67.159

Mottled color (駁色: [駁 is] *bu* and *jiao* *fanqie* [= *bo*]; the *Zilin* says: "Mottled (*banbo*); color that is not pure." The *Tongsu wen* says: "A mix of yellow is called *boluo*." In the treatise text it is written with *jiao* (交) as 駮, which is the name of a beast with saw-like teeth that eats tigers and leopards).

67.160

Deceiving and cheating (詭誑: [詭 is] *ju* and *hui* *fanqie* [= *gui*], meaning changing and deceiving; the *Sancang* says: "*Gui* means crafty; crafty means deceitful." The *Guangya* says: "*Gui* means to cheat").

67.161

Fascicles Ten and Eleven (Both not previously glossed for pronunciation).

67.162

Fascicle Twelve

67.163

Twisting rope (糾索: [糾 is] *ju* and *liu* *fanqie* [= *jiu*]; the *Cang Jie jiegu* says: "A cord of three plies joined is called *jiu*." The *Xiao Erya* says: "Large is called *suo* (rope); small is called *sheng* (cord)").

67.164

Board games (博弈: the ancient script form 簿 is the same; *bu* and *mo* *fanqie* [= *bo*]; the second character is *yu* and *shi* *fanqie* [= *yi*]; the *Fangyan* says: "*Bo* is sometimes called *qi* (chess), and also *weiqi* (go)." The *Fangyan* [also says]: "East of the Passes, between Qi and Lu, they all call *weiqi* *yi*." The *Erya* says: "A chess board is called *yi*").

67.165

Fascicle Thirteen (Not previously glossed for pronunciation).

67.166

Fascicle Fourteen

67.167

Pañcavārṣika (般闍于瑟: also written as 般遮于瑟, both being erroneous abbreviations; it should be said as *pañcavarṣa* or said as *pañcavārṣika*; *pañca* here means "five", and *vārṣika* here means "year", referring to the great quinquennial assembly; one hundred years after the Buddha's passing, King Aśoka established this assembly; from this point on, their views differed, and the five masters disputed and divided, eventually forming the five schools or the eighteen schools).

67.168

Fascicle Fifteen

67.169

Five obscurations (五曀: the ancient script form 㦉 is the same; *yu* and *ji* *fanqie* [= *yi*]; the *Xiao Erya* says: "*Youyi* (幽曀) means murky, obscure, and dark." The *Shiming* says: "*Yi* (曀) means obscured (*yi* 翳), causing the sun's light not to be bright and clear").

67.170

Indolent and lazy (窳惰: [窳 is] *yu* and *ru* *fanqie* [= *yu*]; the *Erya* says: "*Yu* means toiled." Guo Pu says: "Those who toil hard are mostly lazy and slack." It means that a lazy person cannot rise on their own, like melons and gourds on the ground that cannot stand up independently; hence the character is composed with *gua* (瓜, melon). Also, a lazy person always stays inside the room; hence the character is composed with *xue* (穴, cave)).

67.171

A target (一的: the ancient script has 㢩; the *Shuowen* writes 的, the same; *du* and *li* *fanqie* [= *di*]; *di* means bright; the *Classic of Poetry* says: "Shooting at that target;" the commentary says: "The target (*di*) is the bullseye of archery;" meaning it is clearly and brightly visible; today it is the bullseye in the center of the archery mound (堋, pronounced *peng*)).

67.172

Fascicle Sixteen

67.173

Hemp stalk (麻幹: [幹 is] *gong* and *qie* *fanqie* [= *qie*]; the stem of hemp; the main branch is also called *gan*; the *Guangya* says: "*Gan* means root." The *Sancang* says: "Branches and stems." The character should properly be written in the two forms [卄/點] or 揩, pronounced *jie*; what is nowadays called hemp stalk (*majie*) is this).

67.174

Fascicle Seventeen (Not previously glossed for pronunciation).

67.175

Fascicle Eighteen

67.176

Pacing back and forth (彷徉: [彷 is] *fu* and *yang* or *pu* and *guang*, two *fanqie* [= *fang* or *pang*]; the second character [徉 is] *yu* and *zhang* *fanqie* [= *yang*]; the *Guangya* says: "*Fangyang* means pacing and lingering, and also strolling about").

67.177

Making sandals (作屣: the ancient script has the two forms 𩌦 and 𩎉, the same; *suo* and *qi* or *suo* and *jie*, two *fanqie* [= *xi*]; the *Shuowen* says: "*Xi* is of the category of *di*; *di* are leather shoes;" *di* is pronounced *du* and *xi* *fanqie* [= *di*]).

67.178

Kuṇḍikā (軍持: this is translated as "bottle", referring to a double-spouted washing pitcher; in the Western Regions, nuns keep *kuṇḍikās* and monks keep washing pitchers, and neither may exchange them with each other; in the treatise text it is written as 挺 [for 持]).

67.179

Fascicle Nineteen

67.180

Birch bark (樺皮: [樺 is] *hu* and *ba* *fanqie* [= *hua*]; the name of a tree; its bark can be used to decorate bows).

67.181

A plot of field (一畦: [畦 is] *hu* and *gui* *fanqie* [= *qi*]; the *Cang Jie pian* says: "A field of fifty *mu* is called a *qi*; a *qi* is an earthen dyke (*lie*); a dyke is a boundary, a pathway;" *lie* is pronounced *lie*).

67.182

Fascicle Twenty

67.183

Staring dazed (瞪[目*(日/目)]: should properly be written as 𧄼瞢; *tu* and *deng* *fanqie* [= *deng*]; the second character is *wang* and *deng* *fanqie* [= *meng*]; the *Yunji* says: "Extreme loss of sleep; also confused and confounded;" in the treatise text it is written as 瞪𢛡, which is incorrect).

67.184

Earthworm (曲蟺: pronounced *shan*; the *Gujin zhu* says: "The earthworm (*qiuyin*), another name is *qushan*; east of the Yangtze River it is called *hanyin* (cold worm); it is skilled at singing long in the earth, and east of the Yangtze they call it the 'singing girl', or call it 'singing by the steps';" in the treatise text it is written as 蟬 (cicada), which is not the proper character).

67.185

Hunched and bent (曲僂: [僂 is] *li* and *ju* *fanqie* [= *lü*]; the *Tongsu wen* says: "A bent back is *youlü* (hunchbacked);" the tripod inscription of Song in the *Spring and Autumn Annals* says: 'At the first appointment, hunched (僂); at the second appointment, bent (傴); at the third appointment, bowed low (俯);' Du Yu says: 'Bowing low is more respectful than bending; bending is more respectful than hunching; as ranks increase, one bends one's body in respect all the more;' in the treatise text it is written as 軁 or as 瘻, both of which are incorrect).

67.186

Falling prone (傎伏: also written in the two forms 𠑘 and 𧽍, the same, pronounced *ding* and *jian* *fanqie* [= *dian*]; the *Guangya* says: "*Dian* means falling down; meaning overturned;" the second character in ancient script is 踣, now written as 仆, the same, *pu* and *bei* *fanqie* [= *pu*]; the *Shuowen* says: "*Pu* means to drop down, meaning falling flat on the ground;" in the treatise text it is written as 顛伏, which is not the proper form).

First 186 of 252 passages. Read on

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese