The Great Epic of the Bhārata dynasty 6.27

Bhāratabhāvadīpa 6.27

Language: Sanskrit

6.27.1

pūrvasminnadhyāye ‘eṣā te'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhiryoge tvimāṃ śrṛṇu’ iti dve buddhī pradarśya ‘vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ’ iti ślokena sāṅkhyaniṣṭhāvatāṃ pātaśaṅkā nāsti karmayoganiṣṭhāvatāṃ tu sāstītyuktvā ‘yāvānartha udapāne’ iti sāṅkhyaniṣṭhāyāṃ sarvakarmaphalāntarbhāvaśravaṇāttāmeva praśamātmikāṃ svāśayānukūlāṃ manvāno'rjuna uvāca - jyāyasīti | he janārdana karmaṇo niṣkāmakarmayogāpekṣayā buddhiḥ sāṅkhyaniṣṭhālakṣaṇaṃ jñānaṃ jyāyasī praśastatarā cette tava matā tattarhi māṃ bhaikṣyavṛttyāpi tuṣyantaṃ ghore bandhuvadhākhye karmaṇi kiṃ kuto hetorniyojayasi punaḥ punaryudhyasveti vadan ||

6.27.2

nanu tava jñānaniṣṭhāyāmanadhikārāt karmaiva kurviti tvāṃ bravīmītyāśaṅkyāha - vyāmiśreṇeti | vyāmiśreṇāviviktena | ivaśabdo vivikte'pi buddhidoṣādaviviktatāṃ gṛhṇāmīti sūcayati tena vākyena ‘traiguṇyaviṣayā vedā nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna’ iti kvacidvedaniṣṭhāṃ tyājayasi | ‘karmaṇyevādhikāraste’ iti tāmeva ca grāhayasi | tathā ‘nirdvandvo nityasatvastho niryogakṣema ātmavānbhava’ iti nivṛttimārgamupadiśasi | ‘dharmyāddhi yuddhācchreyo'nyatkṣatriyasya na vidyate’ iti pravṛttimapyupadiśasi | nahyekena mayā yugapadubhayaṃ sthitigativadanuṣṭhātuṃ śakyam | ato me mama buddhiṃ mohayasīva vastutastu mama mohaṃ nāśayituṃ pravṛtto'sītīvaśabdenocyate | tattayormadhye yadekaṃ pradhānaṃ madyogyaṃ tanniścitya vada yenānuṣṭhitenāhaṃ śreyaḥ kalyāṇamāpnuyām ||

6.27.3

atrottaraṃ śrībhagavānuvāca - loke'sminniti | purā pūrvādhyāye mayā niṣṭhā ekaiva proktā parantu sā dvividhā dviprakārā | ekasyā eva brahmaniṣṭhāyāḥ prakāradvayamuktamadhikāribhedena na tu brahmaprāptaye parasparanirapekṣamārgadvayamuktamiti bhāvaḥ | he'nagha viśuddhāntaḥkaraṇa madvacanasyārthaṃ samyagālocayetyarthaḥ | tadeva prakāradvayamāha - jñānayogeneti | sāṅkhyānāṃ prakṛtipuruṣayorviviktatvaṃ jānatāmātmānātmavivekajñānavatāṃ jñānārthaṃ yujyate iti jñānayogaḥ jñānopāyo vedāntaśravaṇamanananididhyāsanātmakastena jñānayogena brahmaṇi niṣṭhāṃ parisamāptiṃ sāṅkhyāḥ prāpnuvantītyarthaḥ | yogināṃ “siddhyasiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṃ yoga ucyate” ityuktalakṣaṇayogavatāṃ karmayogena sandhyopāsanādinirvikalpakasamādhyanuṣṭhānamiha karmayogapadārthaḥ tena yogino brahmaniṣṭhāṃ prāpnuvantītyarthaḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - iha janmani janmāntare vā īśvaraprītyarthamanuṣṭhitaiḥ karmabhirviśuddhasatvo vivekavairāgyaśamādiṣaṭkopeto mumukṣuḥ pratyakpravaṇacittaḥ śravaṇamananābhyāmeva kṛtakṛtyo bhavati sa cecchravaṇādeḥ prāgasamāhitacittastarhi nididhyāsanamasyāpekṣitam | ataeva “sahakāryantaravidhiḥ pakṣeṇa” iti sūtrakṛtā nididhyāsanasya pākṣikatvamuktam, so'yaṃ sāṅkhyamārgaḥ | tathā sarvāṇi karmāṇi paramagurāvarpayañśravaṇamananātmakaṃ vicāramantareṇaiva kevalaṃ śraddhāmātrātpratīco nirviśeṣabrahmarūpatvaṃ guruvākyato niścityāsambhāvanādidoṣarahita ācāryānnirguṇabrahmopāstiprakāramadhigamya karmacchidreṣu samādhyabhyāsaṃ kurvanniṣkalaṃ pratyagātmasvarūpaṃ sākṣātkaroti so'yaṃ yogamārgaḥ | tena ūhāpohakauśalaṃ yeṣāmasti te sāṅkhyāḥ, yeṣāṃ tannāsti te yogina iti | ata iyaṃ dviprakārā niṣṭhā, na tu dve niṣṭhe iti bhramitavyam | yathoktaṃ vasiṣṭhena “dvau kramau cittanāśasya yogo jñānaṃ ca rāghava | yogo vṛttinirodho hi jñānaṃ samyagavekṣaṇam | asādhyaḥ kasyacidyogaḥ kasyacittattvaniścayaḥ | prakārau dvau tato devo jagāda paramaḥ śivaḥ ||” iti | cittādarśanopalakṣitasya brahmasākṣātkārasya dvau kramau | cittādermithyātvapakṣe jñānameva yathā rajjūragādisamyagavekṣaṇenaiva naśyati tadvat tasya satyatvapakṣe yoga eva | yathā satya urago mantrādinā niruddhapracāraḥ svayameva naśyati tadvaccittamapi yogena niruddhyamānaṃ naśyati | tasya niranvayocchedastu prārabdhakarmānte pakṣadvaye'pi tulya iti ||

6.27.4

anayoḥ prakārayoraṅgāṅgibhāvamāha - na karmaṇāmiti | karmaṇāṃ yajñādīnāmanārambhādananuṣṭhānānnaiṣkarmyaṃ jñānaniṣṭhāṃ nāśnute na prāpnoti | “vividiṣanti yajñena” iti śrutyā yajñādīnāṃ vidyāṅgatvena vidhānāt | nanu sanpratyayaprādhānyātkarmaṇāṃ vividiṣāṅgatvamatra gamyate | tena vividiṣāyāṃ yajñādinā siddhāyām “etameva pravrājino lokamicchantaḥ pravrajanti” iti śruteḥ pravrajyārūpameva naiṣkarmyamiha jñānaniṣṭhāsādhanaṃ grāhyam | na jñānaṃ naiṣkarmyasiddhiṃ paramāmityādāvivātra tadgrāhakasya paramatvaviśeṣaṇasyābhāvāt | nanu karmayogajanitacittaśuddhyabhāve kevalātsannyāsātsiddhiṃ samadhigacchatīti yojanāyāṃ viprakṛṣṭayorjñānakarmaṇoḥ samuccayāsambhavasyābhīṣṭasya siddheḥ kimiti naiṣkarmyaśabdena niṣṭhā gṛhyata iti cetsatyam | guṇaiḥ karmakāryata iti vākyaśeṣānnairguṇyahetukaṃ mukhyaṃ jñānameveha naiṣkarmyapadārtho natu pravrajyā | vividiṣanti yajñenetyatrāpi jigamiṣatyaśvena, jighāṃsatyasinetyādāviva tṛtīyāntasya dhātvarthenaivānvayādaśvādīnāṃ gamanādāviva yajñādīnāṃ vedana evānvayo jñeyaḥ | etameveti śrutistu vividiṣāsannyāsābhiprāyeṇa pravṛttā | “evaṃ vaitamātmānaṃ viditvā brāhmaṇāḥ putraiṣaṇāyāśca vittaiṣaṇayāśca lokaiṣaṇāyāśca vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti” iti jñānaparipākārthasya jīvanmuktisukhārthasya vā yājñavalkyādibhiranuṣṭhitasya vidvatsannyāsasyāpi śāstre darśanāt | asannyāsino jñānameva notpadyata iti prācāmāgraho vikṣepakakarmatyāgarūpasannyāsaviṣayo na tu kāṣāyaparidhānamātraviṣayaḥ | gārgīvyādhavāsiṣṭhādīnāmatathāvidhānāmapi jñānotpattyavagamādityāstāṃ tāvat | karmabhiraśodhitacittasya mandabuddheḥ rāgadveṣādigrastasyātmānātmavivekadvārā cittarodhadvārā vā naiṣkarmyaprāptirnastīti pūrvārdhārthaḥ | nanu “abhayaṃ sarvabhūtebhyo dattvā naiṣkarmyamācaret” iti kevalātkarmasannyāsādapi naiṣkarmyasiddhiḥ smaryate | tatkathamucyate na karmaṇāmanārambhānnaiṣkarmyamastīti tatrāha - naceti | karmajacittaśuddhyabhāve kṛtādapi sannyāsānna mokṣasiddhiḥ | udāhṛtasmṛtistu cittaśuddhipūrvakasannyāsābhiprāyā | nahi rāgādigrastaḥ sarvabhūtebhyaḥ sarvātmānā'bhayaṃ dātumīṣṭe | ato yuktamuktaṃ - na ca sannyasanādeveti ||

6.27.5

etadeva prapañcayati - nahīti | avaśaḥ karmajaśuddhyabhāvādajitacittaḥ kaścidapi jātu kadācitsamādhikāle'pi kṣaṇamapyakarmakṛt karmāṇi durmanorathādīnyakurvan hi prasiddhaṃ na tiṣṭhati | hi yasmātsarvo'pi lokaḥ prakṛtijairguṇaiḥ sattvarajastamobhiḥ svabhāvaprabhavaiḥ rāgadveṣādibhirvā karma kāyikaṃ vācikaṃ mānasikaṃ vā kāryate'vaśyaṃ tatra pravartyate ||

6.27.6

nanu sannyāsapūrvakaṃ dhyānenaiva cittaśuddhimapi sampādayiṣyāmi, kiṃ karmabhirityāśaṅkyāha - karmendriyāṇīti | yo vimūḍhātmā rāgādyākrāntacittaḥ karmendriyāṇi vāgādīni saṃyamya nigṛhya āste ekānte dhyānāpadeśenopaviśati sa mithyācāraḥ | tasya tadāsananiyamanādikamācaraṇaṃ mithyā alīkameva niṣphalatvāt | tatra hetuḥ indriyārthānmanasā smaranniti | yataḥ indriyārthāñśabdādīñśrotrādibhirgṛhṇāti manasā ca smarati ato mithyācāraḥ sa viṣayāṃścintayanyoganiṣṭhāmātmano loke'bhivyanaktyataḥ kapaṭītyarthaḥ | tasmātkarmavyatiriktaścittaśuddhyupāyo nāstīti bhāvaḥ ||

6.27.7

yastu pūrvasmānmithyācārādvilakṣaṇaḥ puruṣadhaureyaḥ indriyāṇi manasā saha niyamya rāgadveṣaviyuktāni kṛtvā karmendriyaiḥ karmayogamārabhate he arjuna saḥ karmaphale svargādāvaihike vā śabdādau asakto'nāsakto'to viśiṣyate | pūrvasmādadhiko bhavatītyarthaḥ ||

6.27.8

niyatamiti | yasmādevaṃ tasmāttvaṃ niyataṃ sandhyopāsanādikarmaiva kuru | yadvā niyataṃ niyamena tvaṃ karma nityakāmyasādhāraṇaṃ yatpāpanivarttakasvabhāvaṃ tattadeva kuru | hi yasmādakarmaṇaḥ sakalakarmendriyanigraheṇa tadakaraṇāccittajayaśūnyātkarmaiva jyāyaḥ praśastataram | api ca te tava kṣatriyasya akarmaṇaḥ satyāmapi cittaśuddhau sarvakarmatyāginaḥ śarīrayātrā dehavyavahāro na prasidhyet | bhaikṣyacaryāyāmanadhikārātbrāhmaṇāḥ “putraiṣaṇāyāśca vittaiṣaṇāyāśca lokaiṣaṇāyāśca vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti” iti sannyāsavidhāyake vākye “rājā rājasūyena svārājyakāmo yajeta” ityatra rājapadavadbrāhmaṇapadasya vivakṣitasvārthatvāt “catvāra āśramā brāhmaṇasya trayo rājanyasya dvau vaiśyasya” iti smṛteśca | anyatrāpyuktaṃ pārivrājyaṃ prakṛtya “mukhajānāmayaṃ dharmo vaiṣṇavaṃ liṅgadhāraṇam | bāhujātorujātānāṃ nāyaṃ dharmo vidhīyate ||” iti ||

6.27.9

nanu “karmaṇā badhyate jantuḥ” iti karmaṇāṃ bandhakatvasmṛteḥ kathaṃ mumukṣuṃ māṃ tatra niyojayasītyāśaṅkyāha yajñārthāditi | yajñaḥ parameśvarārādhanaṃ “yaja devapūjāyām” iti dhātvarthānugamāt | tadarthaṃ “yajño vai viṣṇuḥ” iti śruterviṣṇurvā tadārādhanārthaṃ yatkarma tato'nyatra karmaṇi svargādyarthe pravṛtto'yaṃ lokaḥ karmabandhanaḥ karmaṇā badhyate natvīśvarārādhanārthena | atastadartham īśvarārādhanārthaṃ karma varṇāśramocitaṃ he kaunteya muktasaṅgaḥ phalābhilāṣaśūnyaḥ san samācara samyakkuru ||

6.27.10

etadevārthavādena draḍhayati saheti | yajñaiḥ saheti sahayajñāḥ | “vopasarjanasya” iti pakṣe sādeśābhāvaḥ | karmādhikṛtā iti yāvat | prajāstraivarṇikāḥ | anena yajñena prasaviṣyadhvaṃ prasavo vṛddhistāṃ labhadhvam | eṣa yajño vo yuṣmākamiṣṭakāmadhugiṣṭārthapūrako'stu ||

6.27.11

iṣṭārthapūrakatvamevāha - devāniti | bhāvayata tarpayata | anena devatāpūjātmakena yajñena te vo yuṣmānbhāvayantu vṛṣṭyādidānena | parasparaṃ bhāvayanto devāśca yūyaṃ ca śreyaḥ paraṃ prāpsyatha ||

6.27.12

kiñca iṣṭānputrapaśvādīnvo yuṣmabhyam | ebhyo devebhyastaddattāneva vrīhipaśvājyādīnapradāyādattvā devatoddeśena dravyatyāgātmakaṃ yāgaṃ nityanaimittikarūpaṃ vaiśvadevāgnihotrajāteṣṭyādirūpamakṛtvetyarthaḥ | adattvā yo bhuṅkte sa stena eva ||

6.27.13

ye tu yajñaśiṣṭāśinaḥ vaiśvadevādiśeṣānnabhojanaśīlāḥ santaḥ ṛṇāpākaraṇāt te mucyante sarvakilbiṣaiḥ pramādakṛtairvihitākaraṇanimittaiḥ pañcasūnānimittairvā | ye tvātmakāraṇātsvārthameva pacanti na tu pañcamahāyajñārthaṃ te pāpāḥ svayaṃ pāparūpā eva santaḥ pāpameva bhuñjate | tathā ca smṛtiḥ “kaṇḍanī peṣaṇī cullī udakumbhī ca mārjanī | pañca sūnā gṛhasthasya tābhiḥ svargaṃ na vindati ||” iti “pañcasūnākṛtaṃ pāpaṃ pañcayajñairvyapohati” iti ca | śrutiśca “idamevāsya tatsādhāraṇamannaṃ yadidamadyate sa ya etadupāsate na sa pāpmano vyāvartate miśraṃ hyetat” iti | mantravarṇo'pi “moghamannaṃ vindate apracetāḥ satyaṃ bravīmi vadha itsa tasya | nāryamaṇaṃ puṣyati no sakhāyaṃ kevalāgho bhavati kevalādī” iti ||

6.27.14

jagaccakrapravṛttihetutvādapi karma kartavyamityāha - annāditi | annādretorūpeṇa pariṇatādbhūtāni prāṇiśarīrāṇi bhavanti | annaṃ ca parjanyāt | etatprasiddhameva | “yajñādbhavati parjanyaḥ”, “agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyagādityamupatiṣṭhate | ādityājjāyate vṛṣṭirvṛṣṭerannaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ ||” iti smṛteḥ | yajño devatārādhanajo dharmaḥ karmabhyo yāgahomadānādibhyaḥ samudbhavatīti karmasamudbhavaḥ ||

6.27.15

karma brahmodbhavaṃ vedodbhavaṃ veda eva dharme pramāṇaṃ natu pākhaṇḍādipraṇītāgamaḥ brahma vedopyakṣarasamudbhavam | “asya mahato bhūtasya niḥśvasitametadyadṛgvedo yajurvedaḥ” ityādiśruteḥ sākṣātparameśvarādevotpannaḥ ato na tatra bhramavipralambhakatvādidoṣākrāntapākhaṇḍādivākyavadaprāmāṇyaśaṅkāstīti bhāvaḥ | yasmādevaṃ tasmātsarvasmindeśe kāle ca vartamānaṃ brahma vedaḥ | etena vedasya nityatvaṃ śabdasya vibhutvaṃ ca darśitam | nityaṃ niyamena yajñe pratiṣṭhitaṃ tātparyeṇa paryavasannam ||

6.27.16

bhavatvevaṃ tataḥ kiṃ phalitamityata āha evamiti | bhūtānāmādau vedādhigamastataḥ karmānuṣṭhānaṃ tato devānāṃ tṛptistato vṛṣṭistato'nnaṃ tato bhūtāni teṣāṃ vedādhigama ityevaṃrūpaṃ cakramiva cakraṃ nirantaramāvartamānaṃ jagadyātrānirvāhakaṃ nānuvartayati nānutiṣṭhati so'ghāyuḥ pāpajīvanaḥ indriyārāmo na tu dharmārāma ātmārāmo vā moghaṃ vyarthaṃ daṃśamaśakādivajjīvati | yastvetadanuvartayati sa jagadupakārako dhanya iti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ “atho ayaṃ vā ātmā sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ lokaḥ sa yajjuhoti yadyajate tena devānāṃ loko'tha yadanubrūte tena ṛṣīṇāmatha yatpitṛbhyo nipṛṇāti yatprajāmicchati tena pitṝṇāmatha yanmanuṣyānvāsayate yadebhyo'śanaṃ dadāti tena manuṣyāṇāmatha yatpaśubhyastṛṇodakaṃ vindati tena paśūnāṃ yadasya gṛheṣu śvāpado vayāṃsyāpipīlikābhya upajīvanti tena teṣāṃ lokaḥ” iti ||

6.27.17

evamīśvareṇa vedayajñapūrvakaṃ jagaccakraṃ pravartitamajñairadhikṛtairanuvartitavyamityuktam | asyānanuvartane ca mahānpratyavāya uktaḥ | sa brahmavidamapi spṛśediti sambhāvitāmāśaṅkāṃ pariharati - yastviti | ātmanyeva ratiḥ prītiryasya natu stryādau sa tathā | nanvātmani prītiḥ prāṇimātrasyānaupādhikyasti pratyuta tadarthatvenaiva stryādiṣvapi prītirbhavatītyata uktam - ātmatṛpta iti | ātmanaiva paramānandarūpeṇa tṛpto na miṣṭānnādinā | nanu mandāgnirapi stryādau na ramate nāpi miṣṭānnena tṛpyatyata uktam ‘ātmanyeva ca santuṣṭa’ iti | mandāgnirhi dhātuvṛddhiṃ jāṭharoddīpanaṃ ca kāmayamāna auṣadhādyarthamitastato dhāvati natvātmanyeva tuṣyati vidvāṃstu ratitṛptituṣṭīrātmanaivānubhavati na stryannadhanādibhiriti tasya kāryaṃ kartavyaṃ kimapi nāsti | kriyāprāpyasya kasyacidapyarthasyābhāvāt ||

6.27.18

etadevāha - naiveti | tasyātmarateḥ kṛtena karmaṇārthaḥ prayojanaṃ nāsti | svargādau lipsābhāvāt | mokṣasya cākriyāsādhyatvāt “nāstyakṛtaḥ kṛtena” iti śruteḥ | akṛto mokṣaḥ kṛtena karmaṇā nāstīti śrutyarthaḥ | akṛtena viruddhakarmaṇāpyartho narakādirasya nāsti | atra kṛtākṛtaśabdau mitrāmitrapadavatparasparaviruddhārthavācitayā puṇyapāpavacanau | ye tu akṛteneti bhāve niṣṭhā | nityākaraṇādgarhitatvarūpo vā pratyavāyaprāptirūpo vā kaścanārtho viduṣo nāstīti vyācakṣate | teṣāmapyabhāvāt bhāvotpatteranabhyupagamānnityānāṃ kāle yadanyadavihitaṃ kriyate tata eva pratyavāyotpādo vaktavya iti ghaṭṭakuṭyāṃ prabhātavṛttānta āpadyate | atropapattimāha - na ceti | co hetau | yasmādātmarateḥ sarvabhūteṣu cetanācetaneṣūttamamadhyamādhameṣu kaścidapyarthavyapāśrayaḥ sukhabhogātmakaprayojanābhisambandho nāsti ātmaratitvādeva niṣkāmatvādviduṣaḥ puṇyapāpaphalasambandho nāstītyarthaḥ ||

6.27.19

yasmānniṣkāmasya karmalepo nāsti tasmāttvamapyasaktaḥ phalāsaktiśūnyaḥ satataṃ sarvadā kāryamavaśyakartavyaṃ karma nityanaimittikaṃ samācara | hi yasmādasaktaḥ karmācaran paraṃ mokṣaṃ sattvaśuddhidvāreṇāpnoti ||

6.27.21

atra śiṣṭācāraṃ pramāṇayati - karmaṇeti | karmaṇaiva saha saṃsiddhiṃ śravaṇādisādhyāṃ jñānaniṣṭhāṃ gantumāsthitāḥ pravṛttā janakādayastvādṛśāḥ kṣatriyāḥ na tu sannyāsena | nanu śuddhacittasya mama nāsti karmāpekṣetyāśaṅkyāha - loketi | lokasya saṅgrahaḥ svadharme pravartanam | nanu svaprayojanābhāve'pi kevalaṃ lokasaṅgrahārthaṃ cetkarma kartavyaṃ tadā viduṣāṃ brāhmaṇānāmapi sannyāso na syāt | yatīneva sannyāsadharmāngrāhayituṃ teṣāṃ sannyāsa iti cet arjune'pi na taddaṇḍavāritamasti | nanu kṣatriyasya sannyāse'dhikāro nāstīti cet liṅgadhāraṇe'dhikārābhāve'pi bharataṛṣabhādivadvikṣepakarmatyāgamātre'dhikārāt | vārtike “sarvādhikāravicchedi jñānaṃ cedabhyupeyate | kuto'dhikāraniyamo vyutthāne kriyate balāt ||” iti vidvatsannyāse kṣatriyāderapyadhikārasya sādhitatvāt | ato lokasaṅgraho na mukhyaṃ karmaprayojanamiti cetsatyam | ‘na me pārthāsti kartavyam’ iti svadṛṣṭāntenādhikārikatvādarjuna evaivaṃ niyojyate na kṣatriyamātramiti tuṣyatu bhavān ||3.20 3.21 ||

6.27.22

karmaṇi varte eva | ahaṃ karma karomyevetyarthaḥ ||

6.27.23

yadyahaṃ karmaṇi na varteyaṃ tarhi manuṣyāḥ mamaiva vartmānuvartante anuvarteran | karma na kurvīrannityarthaḥ | atandrito'nalasaḥ | sarvaśaḥ sarvaprakāraiḥ ||

6.27.24

tataśca kimityata āha - utsīdeyuriti | yadyadācaratītyāderaparā yojanā | na kevalaṃ lokasaṅgrahaṃ paśyan kartumarhasi apitu śreṣṭhācāratvādapītyāha - yadyaditi | tathā ca mama śreṣṭhasya yādṛśa ācārastādṛśa eva madanuvartinā tvayānuṣṭheyaḥ na svātantryeṇānya ityarthaḥ | kīdṛśastavācāro yo mayānuvartanīya ityākāṅkṣāyāṃ na me pārthetyādibhistribhiḥ ślokaistatpradarśanamiti madhusūdanaśrīpādāḥ ||

6.27.25

yadi mādṛśa eva tvaṃ kṛtārtho'si tathāpi parānugrahārthaṃ karmāṇi kurvityāha - saktā iti | karmaṇi karmaphale | kurvanti karmāṇīti śeṣaḥ | asakta iti cchedaḥ ||

6.27.26

vidvān ajñānāṃ karmasvāsaktānāṃ buddhibhedaṃ buddheścālanaṃ na janayennotpādayet, kintu tānsarvāṇi karmāṇi joṣayetsevayet | katham ? yukta ādṛto bhūtvā samācaran ||

6.27.27

avidvānkathaṃ karmasu sajjata ityata āha - prakṛteriti | prakṛteḥ pārameśvaryāḥ satvarajastamoguṇātmikāyāḥ “devātmaśaktiṃ svaguṇairnigūḍhām” iti śrutiprasiddhāyāḥ śakterguṇaiḥ kāryakāraṇasaṅghātātmakaiḥ kriyamāṇāni karmāṇi ahaṅkāreṇa svasminnadhyastena vimūḍhaḥ tadīyānkartṛtvādīnātmadharmatvena paśyan ātmanaścāsaṅgānandasaṃvidrūpatāmapaśyannātmā ahaṅkāreṇa vimūḍhaścāsāvātmā ceti vigrahaḥ | ahaṃ karmāṇi karomi karmaṇāṃ karteti manyate kartradhyāsena | kartāhamiti tṛnpratyayastena “nalokāvyayaniṣṭhākhalarthatṛnām” iti ṣaṣṭhīniṣedhaḥ | anyathā tṛcpratyaye karmaṇāṃ kartāhamiti ṣaṣṭhyā bhāvyam ||

6.27.28

evaṃ saktasya karmācaraṇaṃ pradarśyāsaktasya tatpradarśayati - tattvaviditi | guṇakarmavibhāgayoḥ guṇavibhāgasya karmavibhāgasya ca tattvaviditi bhāṣyam | nāhaṃ guṇātmaka iti guṇebhya ātmano vibhāgaḥ, nāhaṃ karmātmaka iti karmabhyaścātmano vibhāgaḥ | tayorguṇakarmavibhāgayostattvaṃ vettīti śrīdharaḥ | madhusūdanastu - guṇāḥ dehendriyāntaḥkaraṇānyahaṅkārāspadāni | karmāṇi ca teṣāṃ vyāpārabhūtāni mamakārāspadāni | guṇakarmeti dvandvaikavadbhāvaḥ | vibhajyate sarveṣāṃ jaḍānāṃ bhāsakatvena pṛthagbhavatīti vibhāgaḥ svaprakāśa(jñāna)rūpo'saṅga ātmā | guṇakarma ca vibhāgaśceti dvandvaḥ | tayorjaḍājaḍayostattvaṃ yo vetti saḥ guṇāḥ karaṇātmakāḥ guṇeṣu viṣayeṣu vartante iti matvā na sajjate | kartṛtvābhiniveśaṃ na karotītyarthaḥ | guṇavibhāgasya karmavibhāgasya ca tattvaviditi pakṣe guṇakarmaṇorityeva siddhe vibhāgapadaṃ vyarthamiti | yadvā yastattvavit sa ‘guṇāḥ guṇeṣu vartanta’ iti matvā guṇavibhāge karmavibhāge ca na sajjate iti yojanā | guṇānāṃ sattvarajastamasāṃ vibhāgo buddhyahaṅkārajñānendriyakarmendriyaviṣayarūpeṇa vibhajyāvasthānaṃ tasminna sajjate idamahamiti na manyate | tathāhi - śarīre gaure'haṃ gauro'smi hastābhyāmātte mayedamāttamiti cakṣuṣā dṛṣṭe mayedaṃ dṛṣṭamityahaṅkāreṇābhimate mamedamityabhimanyate | buddhau vikriyamāṇāyāmahaṃ sukhīti ca sarveṣu buddhyādiṣu vibhajya gṛhyamāṇeṣvapi pratyekaṃ pratyaktvamadhyasyāhamidamiti mamedaṃ karmeti ca manyate | etena karmavibhāgo'pyāvaśyakatvena vyākhyātaḥ | anyathā cidātmanyevādanādikartṛtvaṃ duḥkhādimattvaṃ cāpatati | ayaṃ ca karmavibhāgaḥ śrutyāpi darśitaḥ “andho maṇimavindat | tamanaṅgulirāvayat | agrīvaḥ pratyamuñcat | tamajihvo asaścat” iti | andhaḥ svayaṃ prakāśahīno'pi cakṣurādirmaṇiṃ rūpādikaṃ viṣayamavindatprakāśayati | anaṅguliḥ kāṣṭhaloṣṭhādivajjaḍatvāt svayaṃ karma kartumaśakto'pi pāṇyādiḥ āvayadāsīvyat viṣayamupādatte | agrīvaḥ chinnaśiraskavannirjīvo'haṅkārastaṃ pratyamuñcat grīvāyāṃ dhārayati mayedaṃ labdhamiti manyate | ajihvo dhīdhātuḥ jaḍatvātsvayaṃ svagatasukhaduḥkhayoḥ paṭa iva svagatarūpādeḥ prakāśane'samartho'pyahaṃ sukhī duḥkhīti cānubhavati | tathācātmānātmanoryāthātmyajño vyāvṛtteṣvahaṅkārādiṣu tatkarmasu cābhimānādiṣu kusumeṣu sūtramivānuvartamānamātmānaṃ tebhyaḥ pṛthagbhūtaṃ jānan guṇā dhīcakṣurādayo guṇeṣu duḥkharūpādiṣu vartante na tvātmeti matvā na sajjate'hameva hastādisaṅghātarūpo mamaivedamādānādikaṃ karmeti na sakto bhavatītyarthaḥ ||

6.27.29

evaṃ saktāsaktayoḥ karmāṇi vibhajya saktakarmānuvādapūrvakaṃ na buddhibhedaṃ janayedajñānāmityupakrāntamupasaṃharati - prakṛteriti | guṇairahaṅkārādibhiḥ svasminnadhyastaiḥ sammūḍhāḥ ekībhāvenābhedādhyāsena mūḍhāstu prakṛteḥ prakṛtisambandhiṣu guṇeṣu dehādiṣu karmasu gamanādiṣu ca sajjante ahamayaṃ brāhmaṇo mamaivedaṃ yajñādikaṃ karmeti sajjante saktā bhavanti tān mūḍhatvāt akṛtsnavidaḥ ātmajñānahīnān “ātmaviddhi kṛtsnavit | ātmano vā are darśanena śravaṇena matyā vijñānenedaṃ sarvaṃ viditam” iti śruteḥ | mandāñśāstrārthagrahaṇāsamarthān | kṛtsnavidātmavinna vicālayetkarmaniṣṭhāto na pracyāvayet | teṣāmubhayabhraṣṭatvāpatteḥ prakṛterguṇaiḥ sammūḍhāḥ guṇānāṃ karmasu sajjanta iti prācāṃ yojanā ||

6.27.30

mayīti | tvaṃ tu ajño mumukṣuśca mayi sarvāntaryāmiṇi sarvāṇi karmāṇi sannyasya samarpya adhyātmacetasā ātmānamadhikṛtya pravṛttaṃ śāstramadhyātmaṃ tatra pravaṇena cetasā | śākapārthivādivanmadhyamapadalopī samāsaḥ | ātmānātmavivekavatetyarthaḥ | īśvaraprerito'haṃ karomītyanayā buddhyā nirāśīḥ phalamanicchan nirmamo labdhe mamatvābhimānaśūnyaśca bhūtvā yudhyasva vigatajvaro viśokaḥ san ||

6.27.31

ye ma iti | ye'nye'pi tvādṛśāḥ me mama matamasaktyā karmānuṣṭhānam anutiṣṭhantyanuvartante mānavāḥ śraddhāvantaḥ anasūyantaḥ atra doṣamapaśyantaḥ te'pi svakarmabhirdharmādharmākhyairmucyante ||

6.27.32

vipakṣe doṣamāha - yetviti | sarvaśabda īśvaravācī | “sarvaṃ samāpnoṣi tato'si sarvaḥ” iti nirvacanāt | tasya jñāne viṣaye viśeṣeṇa mūḍhānpārokṣyeṇāpi te īśvaramajānanto dehamātraniṣṭhāstān naṣṭānsvargāpavargabhraṣṭān acetasaḥ vivekaśūnyān ||

6.27.33

nanu te cettava mataṃ nānutiṣṭhanti tarhi kathaṃ tavāntaryāmitvamityata āha sadṛśamiti | svasyāḥ prakṛteḥ svakīyasya prāgbhavīyadharmādharmasaṃskārasya sadṛśamanurūpaṃ jñānavānapi ceṣṭate kimu mūrkhaḥ | “paśvādibhiścāviśeṣāt” iti nyāyāt | tasmātprakṛtiṃ yāntyanusaranti bhūtāni prāṇinastatra mama vānyasya vā nigrahaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati na kimapi | ahamapi pūrvakarmāpekṣayaiva tānpravartayāmīti bhāvaḥ ||

6.27.34

evaṃ tarhi puruṣasya svātantryābhāvādvidhiniṣedhaśāstraṃ vyarthamityāśaṅkyāha - indriyasyeti | indriyasyendriyasyeti dvirvacanaṃ vīpsāyām | pratīndriyaṃ sve sve'rthe śabdādau vacanādau ca viṣaye rāgadveṣau anukūle rāgaḥ pratikūle dveṣaśca vyavasthitau nityasambaddhau tatra tayorvaśaṃ nāgacchediti śāstrasyābhyanujñā | puruṣasya ca tadanuṣṭhāne svātantryamasti | hi yataḥ tau rāgadveṣāvevāsya prāṇinaḥ paripanthinau virodhinau dṛṣṭadvāreṇa pravartakatvāt | na tu prakṛtyanusārī īśvaro'sya paripanthī | tasya vaiṣamyādidoṣāpatteḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ yathā hyastanena svājñollaṅghanajenāparādhena kupito rājā'parādhinaṃ hi nigaḍādau nigrahītuṃ svīyānbhaṭānpravartayati sa evādyatanena dānamānena prasādita enaṃ teṣāmeva bhaṭānāmādhipatye niyuṅkte | evaṃ pūrvakarmānusārī īśvaro rāgādidvārā puruṣaṃ bādhamāno'pi vidhipratiṣedhaśāstrānusāriṇā tenaiva bhakti dhyānapraṇidhānenāvarjitaḥ enaṃ rāgādijaye niyuṅkte tasmādvidhipratiṣedhaśāstrasya nānarthakyam | puruṣasya svātantryasattvāt | nāpīśvare vaiṣamyādikam | prāṇikarmāyattatvāditi ||

6.27.35

yasmādevaṃ tasmācchreyānpraśastataraḥ svadharmaḥ svasya varṇāśramānurūpyeṇa īśvareṇa vihitatvāt | viguṇo hiṃsādimiśro'pi kiñcidaṅgahīno'pi paradharmāddhiṃsādidoṣarahitaparadharmāpekṣayā svanuṣṭhitātsarvāṅgopasaṃhāreṇa samyaganuṣṭhitādapi sa eva śreyān | svadharme yuddhādau nidhanaṃ maraṇamapi śreyaḥ | vihitatvāt | parasya dharmo bhaikṣacaryādirbhayāvahaḥ | kṣatriyasya tava niṣiddhatvāt | tasmātsvatantreṇa tvayā svadharma evānuṣṭheya iti bhāvaḥ ||

6.27.36

īśvaro dharmādharmau rāgadveṣau vā puruṣasya pravartakau bhavata ityātmano'svātantryaṃ manvāno'rjuna uvāca atha keneti | kena īśvarādīnāmanyatamenānyena vā prayuktaḥ pravartitaḥ san ayaṃ puruṣaḥ pāpamaniṣṭaṃ carati karoti | anicchannityanena rāgadveṣayoḥ pravartakatvaṃ nirastam | sati hi rāge icchā bhavati | ata icchāyā abhāvādrāgābhāvaḥ | rāgasyāpravartakatve tanmūlabhūtasaṃskārahetvordharmādharmayorapravartakatvaṃ tataśca tatsāpekṣasya īśvarasyāpīti sarveṣāmākṣepaḥ | tasmānmukhyaṃ pravartakaṃ yattadvācyamityarthaḥ | balādiva niyojitaḥ viṣṭigṛhīta ivetyarthaḥ ||

6.27.37

atrottaraṃ “kāmamaya evāyaṃ puruṣa” ityādiśrutisiddhaṃ bhagavānuvāca - kāma eṣa iti | eṣa prasiddhaḥ kāmaḥ “so'kāmayata”, “jāyā me syādatha prajāyeyātha vittaṃ me syādatha karma kurvīya” iti śruteridaṃ me bhūyādidaṃ me bhūyāt iti tīvrābhilāṣahetubhūtaścetaso'navasthitatvāpādako vṛttiviśeṣaḥ | sa ca cetorūpa eva | “kāmaḥ saṅkalpaḥ” ityupakramya “etatsarvaṃ manaḥ” ityupasaṃhārāt sa eṣa kāmaḥ kenacinnimittena pratihataḥ krodharūpeṇa pariṇamate'taḥ krodho'bhijvalanātmāpyeṣa eva tamenamiha śarīre'ntaḥsthitaṃ vairiṇaṃ viddhi | kuto vairī? yataḥ rajoguṇasamudbhavaḥ rajo rañjanātmakaḥ prākṛto guṇaḥ tasya guṇau kāryabhūtau tṛṣṇāsaṅgau tāvevodbhavo yasya saḥ | rajaḥkāryatvāt duḥkhaikaphalo'yamato vairī | yadvā rajoguṇasya lobhapravṛttyādilakṣaṇasya samudbhavo yasmāt | nanu viṣayābhilāṣātmakaḥ kāmo viṣayārpaṇena śāmyati | viṣayasya daurlabhyaniścaye svata eva vā nivartate andha iva rūpadarśanābhilāṣādityāśaṅkyāha - mahāśano mahāpāpmeti | mahaddātumapāraṇīyamaśanamasya sa tathā | yathoktaṃ “na jātu kāmaḥ kāmānāmupabhogena śāmyati | haviṣā kṛṣṇavartmeva bhūya evābhivardhate” iti | “yatpṛthivyāṃ vrīhiyavaṃ hiraṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ | nālamekasya tatsarvamiti matvā śamaṃ vrajet” iti | tathā mahāpāpmātyugraḥ | sa hi sahasraśaḥ prabodhito'pi na nivartate tadvadayamapi duścikitsyaḥ | mahāśanatvānnāyaṃ vairī dānasādhyaḥ | nāpi sāmabhedasādhyaḥ | atyugratvāt | ato hantavya eveti ||

6.27.38

asya vairitvameva vivṛṇoti - dhūmenetyādinā | ulbena garbhaveṣṭanena jarāyuṇā | tena kāmena idaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ jñānamāvṛtam | āvaraṇīyasya traividhyāttadanuguṇaṃ dṛṣṭāntatrayaṃ jñeyam ||

6.27.39

āvṛtamiti | jñānamantaḥkaraṇasattvam “hrīrdhīrbhīrityetatsarvaṃ mana eva” iti śruteḥ | etena kāmena rajoguṇātmakenāvṛtam | jñānino'ntaḥkaraṇaviśiṣṭasya pramātuḥ nityavairiṇā kāmarūpeṇa duṣpūreṇa pūrayitumayogyena | ayaṃ hi pūryamāṇo'narthāneva prasavet | analena athāpi pūryate cet analaḥ nāstyalaṃ paryāptiryasya sa tathā tenānalena | na hyanalaḥ kāṣṭhaistarpayituṃ śakyaḥ kintu vardhata eva tadvadayamapītyarthaḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - antaḥkaraṇasatvaṃ hi vahnivatprakāśātmakaṃ tatsahajena kāmena vahniriva dhūmenāvṛtaṃ cetpramātāramanarthe pātayati | anyathā tadeva svabhāvaśuddhatvādvivekavairāgyopagaṃ bhūtvā tamuddharet | ato'yaṃ kāmo jñānino nityavairīti ||

6.27.40

kiñca - indriyāṇīti | ayamarthaḥ - indriyamanobuddhayo hi kāmenādhiṣṭhitā bāhyārthapravaṇā bhavanti | taiśca tathābhūtairayaṃ kāmo jñānaṃ cidākāśarūpamādarśatalaprakhyam | yatra yogino vyavahitaṃ viprakṛṣṭamatītamanāgataṃ vā paśyanti | yathoktamācāryaiḥ “viśvaṃ darpaṇadṛśyamānanagarītulyaṃ nijāntargatam | paśyantyātmani” iti nijāntargataṃ śarīrāntargatam ātmani hārdākāśākhye brahmaṇi tat malenādarśamivāvṛtya dehinaṃ dehābhimāninaṃ viśeṣeṇa mohayati | viśabdāddehābhimānaśūnyaṃ yoginamapi vyutthānāvasthāyāṃ kiñcinmohayatīti gamyata iti | akṣarayojanā spaṣṭā ||

6.27.41

tasmāditi | yasmādindriyāṇyasyādhiṣṭhānaṃ sāmāntasyeva giridurgādikaṃ tasmāttānyeva niyamya vaśīkṛtya enaṃ kāmaṃ hi niścayena prajahi prakarṣeṇa nāśaya | giridurgādīnsvāyattīkṛtyeva tatsthaṃ sāmantaṃ ghnanti rājānastadvat | hantavyatve hetuḥ pāpmānamatyugram | tatrāpi hetuḥ jñānavijñānanāśanamiti | jñānasya śāstrācāryopadeśajasya parokṣasya vijñānasya nididhyāsanaparipākajasyāparokṣasya ca nāśanam ||

6.27.42

na kevalaṃ bāhyendriyajayanaiva kṛtārthatvaṃ kintu manobuddhyorapi jayaḥ kartavyaḥ kāmasya samūlocchedāya | triprākāradurgasthasya sāmantasyevābhyantaraprākāradvayajayena | ato manobuddhyorjayārthaṃ yogaṃ darśayati indriyāṇīti | atra paratvaṃ sūkṣmatvena kāraṇatvena vā bodhyam | indriyāṇi cakṣurādīni parāṇi svaviṣayebhyaḥ pṛthivyādisvāśrayasahitebhyo gandhādibhyo vittaputraśarīrebhyaśca teṣāṃ tatkāraṇatvāt | tathā ca kauṣītakinaḥ samāmananti brāhmaṇe “prāṇebhyo devā devebhyo lokāḥ” iti | vyuccarantītyanuṣajjyate | prāṇebhya indriyebhyo devāstadadhiṣṭhātryo devatā utpadyante devebhyaśca lokā bhūtabhautikā utpadyanta iti śrutyarthaḥ | indriyebhyaḥ paraṃ manaḥ | “manasā hyeva paśyati manasā śṛṇoti” iti śruterindriyāṇāṃ manovikāratvāt | tena bāhyārthebhya indriyāṇyākṛṣya manasi pravilāpanīyānīti darśitam | kevalaṃ paratvamātrapratipādane prayojanābhāvāt | manasastu parā buddhiḥ | “tasmādvā etasmānmanomayāt | anyontara ātmā vijñānamayaḥ” iti śruteḥ | manasaḥ pravilāpanaṃ tatkāraṇe buddhau kartavyamityarthaḥ | samaṣṭibuddherapyatraivāntarbhāvaḥ | “yo buddheḥ paratastu saḥ” | yastu | tu śabdo bhāsyavargādbuddhyāderbhāsakasya jñānasya vailakṣaṇyaṃ gamayati | yo buddherapi parataḥ sa jñānapadābhidheyaḥ kāmena ulbena garbha iva āvṛta iti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ “yacchedvāṅmanasī prājñastadyacchejjñāna ātmani | jñānamātmani mahati tadyacchecchānta ātmani” iti | etaduktaṃ bhavati vāgādibāhyendriyavyāpāramutsṛjya manomātreṇāvatiṣṭheta | mano'pi viṣayavikalpābhimukhaṃ jñānātmaśabdoditāyāṃ buddhau dhārayet | tāmapi mahatyātmani samaṣṭibuddhau dhārayet | tataṃ taṃ mahāntamātmānaṃ śānte niṣkale parasmiñjayotiṣi pratyagātmani dhārayediti ||

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yogaphalamāha - evamiti | ātmānaṃ manaḥ hārdākāśe'pi tatsthānnityānkāmānkāmayānam | śrūyate hi daharavidyāyāṃ hārdākāśaṃ prakṛtya “yaccāsyehāsti yacca nāsti sarvaṃ tadatra gatvā vindate” iti tatratyānāṃ kāmānāṃ sattvam | teṣāṃ ca satyatvaṃ “ta ime satyāḥ kāmāḥ” iti śruteḥ | ātmānaṃ manaḥ ātmanā manasaiva buddhyaiva vā saṃstabhya nirvṛttikaṃ kṛtvā buddheḥ paraṃ paramātmānaṃ buddhvā samūlaghātaṃ kāmarūpaṃ śatruṃ śātayitāraṃ jahi nāśaya | he mahābāho iti sambodhayaṃstannāśe tava sāmarthyamastīti darśayati | ayamarthaḥ - yāvatkāmamūlasyājñānasyoccheda ātmatattvajñānena kriyate tāvatparyantaṃ kāmasya nirmūlocchedo na bhavatīti buddheḥ paraṃ buddhvā kāmo nāśanīyaḥ | tasmiṃśca naṣṭe saṃsārānarthocchedo bhavatīti | durāsadaṃ parabodhaṃ vinā duḥkhenāpi nāśayitumaśakyam | “upāyaḥ karmaniṣṭhātra prādhānyenopasaṃhṛtā | upeyā jñānaniṣṭhā tu tadguṇatvena kīrtitā” ||

Linked texts (1)

Mahābhārata — Vyāsa, Sanskrit