一切經音義 8

English (machine translation) 8

Language: English

8.2

Sounds and meanings for the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra, from fascicle 566 through 600, 35 fascicles in all.

8.4

Translated by Xuanzang, Tripiṭaka Dharma Master.

8.5

Ānanda (阿難陀: in the Tang language rendered as "Joyous" (慶喜); formerly called Ānanda (阿難), which is an abbreviated Sanskrit transcription).

8.6

Kaoṇḍinya (憍陳那: formerly written 憍陳如 [Kauṇḍinya]. When the Buddha first attained awakening, he converted the group of five; he was one of them).

8.7

Gavāmpati (笈防鉢底: formerly written 憍梵波提, which is abbreviated).

8.8

Revata (褐麗筏多: formerly written 離婆多, which is abbreviated).

Great Bean Gatherer (大採菽氏: formerly, retaining the Sanskrit, he was called 大目乾連 [Mahāmaudgalyāyana], or 俱律陁, or 拘隷多, or 俱利迦, which are all corruptions and abbreviations. The correct Sanskrit sound is Mahāmaudgalyāyana. An ancient ancestral ṛṣi gathered and ate mung beans, and thus took it as his lineage name. 螚 has the phonetic reading neng-de [fanqie]).

8.10

Mahākā- (大迦: jiang-qie [fanqie]).

8.11

-tyāya- (多衍: yan-dian [fanqie]).

8.12

-na (那: formerly written Kātyāyana [迦栴延], which is an abbreviated Sanskrit transcription).

8.13

Bilin- (畢藺: phonetic reading lin).

8.14

-davatsa (陀筏蹉: 蹉 is cang-ke [fanqie]; formerly written Pilindavatsa [畢陵伽婆蹉]).

8.15

Upāli (隖波離: formerly written 優波離; the difference lies in light versus heavy pronunciation).

8.16

Rāhula (羅怙羅: formerly named 羅睺羅).

8.17

To continue and elevate (紹隆: the upper character is chang-rao [fanqie]; the lower is li-chong [fanqie]. The explanation has already appeared in a previous fascicle).

8.18

Tuṣita (珊覩史多: the upper character is su-an [fanqie]. Sanskrit, the name of one of the six heavens in the desire realm. In the Tang language it is called the Heaven of Contentment (知足天). The bodhisattva in his final lifetime before buddhahood presently serves as the king of this heaven).

8.19

Gravel and stones (礫石: li-de [fanqie]).

8.20

Ravines and valleys (谿谷: the upper character is qi-ji [fanqie]. The Erya says: "Water pouring into a stream." The Shuowen says: "A mountain cleft through which there is no passage." It is also written with the radical 水 as 溪, and with the radical 石 as 磎, as in the name Fanxi (磻磎), found in the Zuan Yun, which does not have this meaning. The lower character is gong-gu [fanqie]. The Shuowen says: "A spring emerging and flowing freely makes a valley. It takes its semantic classifier from 水 'water', half visible coming forth from a 口 'mouth'; it is an ideogrammatic compound").

8.21

Three errors (三𠌤: qie-yan [fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "𠌤 means to encounter." The Yunquan says: "𠌤 means a transgression." The Shuowen says: "It takes its semantic classifier from 心 'mind' and 幵 is the phonetic." 幵 has the phonetic reading qi-jian [fanqie]. In the sutra it is written with two 天 as 𠍴, which is an error. In ancient script it is written 平; in the large seal script it is 諐; the Shuowen gives it as 愆 or 㥶; all are ancient characters).

8.22

Shame and humiliation (慙恥: the upper character is zang-nan [fanqie]. In the Shangshu: "Only ashamed in virtue." The Shuowen says: "慚 means shame and remorse. It takes its semantic classifier from 心 'mind' and 斬 is the phonetic." The lower character is chi-li [fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "恥 means disgrace." The Zishu says: "恥 means shame." Wei Hong writes it with 言 'speech' as 誀, an ancient character. 癡 has the phonetic reading chou-zhi [fanqie]).

8.23

To strike and beat (檛打: the upper character is zhuo-gua [fanqie]; 茁 is zhu-gua [fanqie]. The Shenglei gives it as 𥬲, meaning to beat. The Kaosheng says: "檛 means to strike; a horsewhip. It takes its semantic classifier from 木 'wood' and 過 is the phonetic." The lower character is de-geng [fanqie]. The Guangya says: "打 also means to strike." The Picang says: "A cudgel." 棓 has the phonetic reading pang-xiang [fanqie]. The Shuowen says: "It takes its semantic classifier from 手 'hand' and 丁 is the phonetic." Lu Fayan gives it as dou-ting [fanqie], which is a Wu dialect pronunciation and is not adopted here).

8.24

Blindness and cataracts (盲瞖: the upper character is mo-peng [fanqie]. The Yupian says: "盲 (mang) means darkness." The Shuowen says: "Eyes without pupils are called 盲." The Kaosheng says: "Eyes that cannot see. It takes its semantic classifier from 目 'eye' and 亡 is the phonetic." The lower character is yu-ji [fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "A cataract in the eye." The Zishu says: "An obstructive membrane over the eye. It takes its semantic classifier from 目 'eye' and 殹 is the phonetic." 殹 has the same pronunciation as above. In the sutra it is written with 壹 and 目 as 𪾼, which is incorrect).

8.25

Polished and adorned (鎣飾: the upper character is ying-xiong [fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "To bring forth the luster of an implement. It takes its semantic classifier from 金 'metal' with a reduced 螢 as phonetic." In the sutra it is written with 玉 as 瑩, which is a popular form that is also permissible. The lower character is sheng-li [fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "飾 means to carve; to embellish." The Jixun says: "To wear garments; to be clean." The Shuowen says: "To brush clean. It derives from 食, 人, and 巾").

8.26

Like a long lance (如矟: shan-zhuo [fanqie]. The Guangya says: "A 矟 (shuo) is a spear." The Picang says: "A spear eighteen feet long. It takes its semantic classifier from 肖 and 矛 is the phonetic").

8.27

Like an intersection (如𧘂: chang-gong [fanqie]. The Guangya says: "𧘂 means to meet; 𧘂 means to thrust into." The Zhouyi says: "𧘂 means to walk." The Kaosheng says: "To strike." The Shuowen says: "A crossroad leading out in four directions. It takes its semantic classifier from 行 'walk' and 童 is the phonetic").

8.28

Pursuing fame (徇名: xun-jun [fanqie]).

8.29

Indignation and resentment (憤恚: fu-wen [fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "Full; the venting of emotional breath." Zheng Xuan says: "Angry breath filling to capacity." The Cangjie pian says: "憤 means pent-up anguish (懣)," pronounced men. The Shuowen says: "憤 means resentful anger." It is also written as 𢤬, an ancient character).

8.30

Dislike and hatred (嫌恨: ye-yan [fanqie]. The Yunquan says: "嫌 means resentment; suspicion." The Kaosheng says: "To harbor ill-will in mind; wu-gu [fanqie]." The Shuowen says: "Unease in mind. It takes its semantic classifier from 女 'woman' and 兼 is the phonetic." In the sutra it is written with 心 as 慊, which is also acceptable. The lower character is he-gen [fanqie]. The Cangjie pian says: "恨 means grudge. It takes its semantic classifier from 心 'mind' and 艮 is the phonetic").

8.31

To cover and trap (覆罩: the upper character is fang-wu [fanqie]; the explanation has already appeared above. The lower is zhuo-jiao [fanqie]. The commentary to the Mao Shi says: "罩 means a basket-trap (篧)." 篧 is pronounced kuo. Guo Pu's commentary to the Erya says: "罩 is a cage for catching fish." The Shuowen says: "A bamboo implement for catching fish. It takes its semantic classifier from 冈 'net' and 卓 is the phonetic." It is also written as 䍜, 羄, 䈇, or 箌, which are all ancient characters).

8.32

Fleeting and sudden (儵忽: shi-zhu [fanqie]. Wang Yi's commentary to the Chuci says: "儵忽 means a swift appearance." He also says: "儵忽 like a flash of lightning." The Guangya says: "儵忽 means light; it takes its semantic classifier from 黑 'black' and 攸 is the phonetic." 攸 is read you. It is also written with 火 as 倐, or with 足 as 跾, all being ancient characters).

8.33

Swollen and bloated (胮脹: the upper character is pu-jiang [fanqie]; the lower is zhang-liang [fanqie]).

8.34

Fascicle 567

8.35

Pits and trenches (坑坎: the upper character is ke-geng [fanqie]; the lower is kang-gan [fanqie]).

8.36

Steaming heat (爩熱: the upper character is wei-lü [fanqie]; the lower is ran-she [fanqie]).

8.37

Fluttering and soaring (飄颺: the upper character is pi-yao [fanqie]; the lower is yang-liang [fanqie]).

8.38

Silt and mire (淤泥: the upper character is yu-ju [fanqie]. The Zishu says: "Blue-black mud in water." The Shuowen says: "淤 means sediment." The Yupian says: "Mud and weeds in water constitute 淤; 淤 means foul-smelling mud." The lower character is nu-ji [fanqie]. The Yupian says: "Earth rotting upon contact with water is called mud").

8.39

Water droplets (水滴: ding-li [fanqie]. In the sutra it is written 渧, which is a popular form).

8.40

Sweet and fragrant (芬馥: the upper character is fang-wen [fanqie]. The Kaosheng says: "Fragrant vapor." In ancient script it derives from 屮 as 𡵳; 屮 has the phonetic reading chou-lie [fanqie]. The Shuowen says: "When plants first sprout, their fragrant vapor disperses; it takes its semantic classifier from 屮 and 分 is the phonetic." In modern clerical script it derives from 草 as 芬; 芬 means harmonious. In the sutra it is written with 香 as 馚, which is incorrect. The lower character is feng-mu [fanqie]. The Han Shi says: "芬馥 describes the appearance of fragrant vapor").

8.41

Frown and grimace (嚬𡄱: the upper character is pi-yin [fanqie]; the lower is jiu-yu [fanqie]).

8.42

Deceitful conduct (偽行: the first character is pronounced 危 + 位 fanqie; Yunying says: deceitful and false; untrue; Kaosheng says: fraudulent; deceiving; also written with yan [言] as 譌).

8.43

Deceptive words (詭言: [the first character is] pronounced 居 + 委 fanqie; the character books say: deceitful; Guangya says: to deceitfully comply with is evil; Shuowen says: to reproach; it is also written with xin [心] as 恑, meaning strange and unusual).

8.44

Harbouring resentment (懷憾: the first character is pronounced 戶 + 乖 fanqie; the Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: '懷 means to cherish/think of'; Master Kong says: '懷 means to comfort/be at peace'; the Rules of Posthumous Titles says: 'Being compassionate and dying young is called 懷; upholding righteousness and promoting goodness is called 懷'; Shuowen says: to think of; to cherish; it takes xin [心] as its classifier and 褱 as its phonetic; 褱 is pronounced 戶 + 乖 fanqie; in ancient script it is written as 㜳 or as 褢; the sūtra writing it as 褱 means to conceal in the bosom, which is not the meaning here; the second character is pronounced 向 + 噉 fanqie; Master Kong's Commentary on the Analects says: '憾 means hatred/resentment'; it takes xin [心] as its classifier and 感 as its phonetic).

8.45

A hoarse and choked voice (𧬊喝辯: the first character is pronounced 先 + 賫 fanqie; Kaosheng says: speaking with a sorrowful voice; Shuowen says: a sorrowful voice; it takes yan [言] as its classifier and 斯 as its phonetic; the sūtra writing it with kou [口] as 嘶 is a popular character; Picang says: 嘶 means dispersed voice; the second character is pronounced ⺄ + 芥 fanqie; Kaosheng says: a choked voice; Guangya says: 嘶喝 means the dim and faint sound of a voice; character books also write it as 𡀽 or as 𣣶, all of which are ancient characters).

8.46

Clumsy and halting (拙澀: the first character is pronounced 專 + 熱 fanqie; Kaosheng says: not skilful; the second character is pronounced 霜 + 戢 fanqie; Kaosheng says: not smooth; the sūtra writing it with three zhi [止] as 澁 is an improper popular character).

8.47

To pour down (降澍: the first character is pronounced 江 + 巷 fanqie; Erya says: 降 means to descend; Jixun says: to fall; Cang Jie pian writes it as 𡲣, whose explanation and gloss are the same as Erya; it takes fu [阜] as its classifier and 夅 as its phonetic; the second character is pronounced 主 + 戍 fanqie; Huainanzi says: 'The drenching and pouring of spring rains leave no place where life does not emerge'; Shuowen also says: timely rain pouring down brings all things to life; it takes shui [水] as its classifier and 尌 as its phonetic).

8.48

Moistened and soaked (霑濡: the first character is pronounced 輒 + 廉 fanqie; Han Shi says: 霑 means soaked; Kaosheng says: slightly moist; the Book of Rites states: Confucius said, 'When rain moistens one's clothes, one loses one's composure'; Shuowen writes 霑 as 𩃵, pronounced 染; character books state: 𩃵 means slightly moist; it takes yu [雨] as its classifier and 沾 as its phonetic; the second character is pronounced 而 + 殊 fanqie; Jixun says: moistened and soaked; Zitong says: 𣽈 means slightly moist; it also says: 𣽈 also means moistened; it takes shui [水] as its classifier and 𦓔 as its phonetic; 𦓔 is pronounced 須).

8.49

Radiantly brilliant (赫奕: the first character is pronounced 享 + 格 fanqie; Erya says: 赫赫 means swift; Guo Pu says: the appearance of intense speed; Fangyan says: to flare up; Guangya says: 赫赫 means bright; Shuowen says: the appearance of great redness; it is composed of two chi [赤]; the second character is pronounced 羊 + 益 fanqie; it is also written with huo [火] as 𭴩; the Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: '𭴩𭴩 is the appearance of fire'; Shuowen also agrees; it takes huo [火] as its classifier and 赤 as its phonetic).

8.50

Fascicle 568

8.51

Rank and foul-smelling (腥臊: the first character is pronounced 姓 + 精 fanqie, or written as 胜; Kong's commentary on the Classic of Documents says: 胜 means foul-smelling; Du Zichun says: the smell of pig fat; Shuowen says: the smell of dog fat; it takes rou [肉] as its classifier and 星 as its phonetic; Shuowen also writes it as 鮏, meaning fish smell; the Book of Rites says: 'Fine minced meat is called kuai'; the second character is pronounced 蘇 + 遭 fanqie; the Rites of Zhou says: 'Summer is suitable for fat that smells of 臊'; Zheng Zhong says: the smell of pig fat; Du Zichun says: the smell of pig/large beast fat; Shuowen also says: the smell of pig fat; it takes rou [肉] as its classifier and 喿 as its phonetic; 喿 is pronounced 桑 + 到 fanqie; it is also written as 鱢; in the Rites of Zhou it is written as 膳膏繪; the sūtra writing it as [月*(祭-示+(暴-(日/共)))] is a popular character).

8.52

Foul and filthy (臭穢: the first character is pronounced 昌 + 獸 fanqie; Yupian says: 臭 is a general name for the odour of all things; Shuowen says: beasts that run are tracked by dogs through their smell; it is composed of quan [犬] and zi [自]; 自 is the ancient character for nose; the sūtra writing it with si [死] as 臰 is incorrect; the second character is pronounced 於 + 喙 fanqie; Gu Yewang says: 穢 means unclean; Yunying says: 穢 means foul/evil; Kaosheng says: overgrown with weeds; it is also written as 薉; Shuowen says: it takes he [禾] as its classifier and 歲 as its phonetic).

8.53

Washing hands and feet (盥洗: [the first character is] pronounced 古 + 短 fanqie; Shuowen says: to wash hands; it is composed of jiu [臼], shui [水], and min [皿]; 皿 is a vessel; 臼 is pronounced 掬; 皿 is pronounced 美 + 秉 fanqie; the Zuo Tradition says: 'Holding the basin and pouring water to wash hands'; pronounced in the falling tone as 古 + 翫 fanqie is also acceptable; the second character is pronounced 先 + 禮 fanqie; Shuowen says: to wash feet).

8.54

Rock caves (巖穴: the first character is pronounced 雅 + 咸 fanqie; Kaosheng says: 巖 means a precipice, a cliff; the second character is pronounced 玄 + 決 fanqie; character books say: 穴 means a hole or an empty space).

8.55

Few people (罕人: [the first character is pronounced] 呵 + 亶; the Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: 罕 means rare; Shuowen says: a net; it takes gang [冈] as its classifier and 干 as its phonetic).

8.56

Loathing and disgust (猒惡: the first character is pronounced 伊 + 焰 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 烏 + 固 fanqie).

8.57

No hook (無鉤: [the second character is] pronounced 苟 + 候 fanqie; Kaosheng says: 鉤 means to seize or pull; Shuowen says: curved iron; it takes jin [金] as its classifier and 勾 as its phonetic).

8.58

Reins and bridle (轡勒: the first character is pronounced 悲 + 帔 fanqie; Shuowen says: horse reins; it takes 叀 as its phonetic component; 叀 is pronounced 專, sharing the same meaning as 連; it takes si [絲] as its classifier; Gu Yewang says: reins are that by which horses in a chariot are controlled; the second character is pronounced 郎 + 得 fanqie; Shuowen says: the bit and bridle of a horse's head; it takes ge [革] as its classifier and 力 as its phonetic).

8.59

Envy and jealousy (嫉妒: the first character is pronounced 情 + 逸 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 當 + 故 fanqie; Wang Yi's commentary on the Songs of Chu says: 'Resenting the worthy is called 嫉; resenting beauty is called 妒'; Zheng's commentary on the Preface to the Classic of Poetry says: 'Being jealous on account of beauty is called 妒; being jealous on account of conduct is called 忌'; Shuowen says: it takes nü [女] as its classifier and 戶 as its phonetic).

8.60

To entice and transform (誘化: [the first character is] pronounced 餘 + 手 fanqie; Shuowen writes it as 羑; 羑 means to guide, to teach, to lead, to advance, to encourage and inspire; it takes yan [言] as its classifier and 秀 as its phonetic).

8.61

To shave off (鬀落: [the first character is] pronounced 天 + 帝 fanqie; Kaosheng says: to shave off hair; the sūtra writing it as 剃 is a popular character).

8.62

Beard and hair (鬚髮: the first character is pronounced 相 + 逾 fanqie; Shuowen writes it as 須, meaning beard and whiskers; the second character is pronounced 藩 + 襪 fanqie; Kaosheng says: hair on the crown of the head; Shuowen says: the root of hair; it takes biao [髟] as its classifier and 犮 as its phonetic; 髟 is pronounced 衫; [the initial of 犮 is] 刃, pronounced 蒱 + 末 fanqie; it is also written as [媏-而+頁], both being ancient characters).

8.63

Bathing (澡浴: [the first character is] pronounced 子 + 老 fanqie; Guangya says: 澡 means to cleanse; Cang Jie pian says: 澡 means to wash hands; Gu Yewang says: 澡 is like washing to make clean; the second character is pronounced 欲; Shuowen says: 浴 means to wash the body; it takes shui [水] as its classifier and an abbreviated form of 谷 as its phonetic).

8.64

Fascicle 569

8.65

Polishing and treating (瑩治: [the first character is] pronounced 縈 + [負-貝+(罩-卓+((〡*日)/又))] fanqie; Yunying says: to rub and polish; it is also written with jin [金] as 鎣, with the same meaning; the second character is pronounced 除 + 离 fanqie; Kaosheng says: to manage, regulate, and repair; it takes shui [水] as its classifier and 台 as its phonetic).

8.66

Pure and bright (皎潔: the first character is pronounced 經 + 曉 fanqie; the Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: 晈 means light; Fangyan says: bright; Shuowen writes it with bai [白] as 皎; the second character is pronounced 堅 + 嚙 fanqie; Kaosheng says: pure; quiet; it takes shui [水] as its classifier and 絜 as its phonetic).

8.67

Throwing clods (塊擲: the first character is pronounced 康 + 膾 fanqie; character books say: clod of earth; the Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial says 'sleeping on straw and pillowed on a clod', which is this; Shuowen says: a clod of earth; 墣 is pronounced 匹 + 角 fanqie; it takes tu [土] as its classifier and an abbreviated form of 隗 as its phonetic; 隗 is pronounced 五 + 罪 fanqie; it is also written as 凷, an ancient pictographic character; the second character is pronounced 呈 + 石 fanqie; Guangya says: 擲 means to cast/shake; Shuowen says: to grasp; the standard form is written as 擿; the sūtra writing it with 鄭 is a popular character).

8.68

Malicious and harmful (磣𡹆: [the first character has] the two fanqie readings 瘡 + 瘮 and 霜 + 稟; Kaosheng says: fouled by sand and soil; it takes shi [石] as its classifier and 參 as its phonetic; it is also written with tu [土] as 墋, meaning the same; the second character is pronounced 徒 + 斛 fanqie; Kong's commentary on the Classic of Documents says: to harm with poison; Kaosheng says: evil; painful; we find that 磣毒 means envious, harmful, and cruel to others; Shuowen says: an herb that harms humans; it takes che [屮] as its classifier and 毒 as its phonetic; 屮 is pronounced 丑 + 列 fanqie; 毒 is pronounced 愛; the sūtra writing it as 毒 is a clerical script corruption).

8.69

Undaunted (不憚: [the second character is] pronounced 唐 + 旱 fanqie; Zheng's commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: 憚 means difficult, and also to fear; Jixun says: to decline, and also to be startled; Shuowen says: 憚 means rapid; it takes xin [心] as its classifier and 單 as its phonetic).

8.70

Toil and weariness (劬勞: [the first character is] pronounced 具 + 于 fanqie; Jia Kui says: fatigued and weary; Erya says: diligent/toilsome; Shuowen says: severe/hard; it takes li [力] as its classifier; applying strength usually brings much toil).

8.71

Intimate and familiar (親狎: [the second character is] pronounced 霞 + 甲 fanqie; the Analects says: 'The petty man is disrespectful to great men'; Master Kong says: '狎 means close/familiar'; Du's commentary on the Zuo Tradition says: 狎 means accustomed; it is also written as 狹 with the same meaning; it takes quan [犬] as its classifier and an abbreviated form of 甲 as its phonetic).

8.72

Steep mound (陮阜: the first character is pronounced 都 + 回 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 扶 + 務 fanqie).

8.73

Fascicle 570

8.74

Roots and stumps (根株: the first character is pronounced 岡 + 恩 fanqie; Wang Bi's commentary on the Laozi says: 根 means beginning; Kaosheng says: roots; the second character is pronounced 陟 + 殊 fanqie; Kaosheng says: what remains of a felled tree is called 株; Shuowen says: tree roots; it takes mu [木] as its classifier and 朱 as its phonetic).

8.75

Suppressed and crushed (抑挫: the first character is pronounced 於 + 力 fanqie; Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: 抑 means to stop; Du's commentary on the Zuo Tradition says: 抑 means to damage/diminish; Ru Chun's commentary on the Shiji says: 抑 means to bend/subdue; the Songs of Chu says: 'Bending one's mind and suppressing one's will', which is this; Shuowen writes it as [卬-ㄗ+(ㄗ@、)], an inverted 印; [卬-ㄗ+(ㄗ@、)] is pronounced 一 + 力 fanqie, while 印 is pronounced 一 + 刃 fanqie; the Stone Classics added the hand classifier to 印 to write 抑, which is a variant character; the second character is pronounced 祖 + 過 fanqie; Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: breaking a point is called 挫; Shuowen says: 挫 means to break; it takes shou [手] as its classifier and 坐 as its phonetic).

8.76

Previously broken (先折: the first character is pronounced 星 + 延 fanqie; Shuowen says: to advance forward; it is derived from the ancient character 㞢 and from 人; the second character is pronounced 章 + 熱 fanqie; Kaosheng says: 折 means to break down, to snap off; Shuowen says: the standard form is derived from double 屮 (pronounced 丑 + 列 fanqie) and 斤, explaining that double 屮 means grass, and cutting grass with an axe (斤) is called 折; Small Seal script joined the two 屮 characters, mistakenly turning them into the ancient [屮/(艸-屮)], and thus took shou [手] to form 折, pronounced with the sound of 手).

8.77

Endowed nature (稟性: [the first character is] pronounced 彼 + 錦 fanqie; Kong's commentary on the Classic of Documents says: 稟 means to receive; Shuowen says: to bestow grain; it takes he [禾] as its classifier and 㐭 as its phonetic; 㐭 is pronounced 力 + 錦 fanqie; the sūtra writing it with shi [示] as 稟 is an error).

8.78

Awn clothing (芒衣: [the first character is] pronounced 武 + 房 fanqie; Kaosheng says: the awn of grass; however, there is a distinct grass whose leaves are like sword blades, cutting anyone who touches them; the Nirgrantha non-Buddhists make garments out of it to cut their skin and flesh, taking this to be ascetic practice).

8.79

Reed clothing (茅衣: [the first character is] pronounced 夘 + 包 fanqie; the Book of Changes mentions 'using white reeds as mats'; Shuowen says: 茅 is jian grass; it takes cao [草] as its classifier and 矛 as its phonetic; 菅 is pronounced 古 + 頑 fanqie; 矛 is pronounced 莫 + 候 fanqie; the seed of barnyard grass is pronounced 敗; Du's commentary on the Zuo Tradition says: grass resembling [(孛-子+未)*卑]; Ru Chun says: fine rice is bai; writing it as 粺 is also acceptable).

8.80

Or taro (或芋: [the second character is] pronounced 于 + 遇 fanqie; Yunying says: taro is dunzhi grass; Su Jing's Materia Medica says: taro is also named cigu; there are about six kinds: green taro, purple taro, true taro, white taro, lianchan taro, and wild taro; all of them are toxic, among which wild taro is the most severe, fatal if consumed, and can only be eaten when boiled in ash water; the Shiji says: 'Below Mount Min there is dunzhi; obtaining it prevents hunger into old age', which refers to this; Shuowen says: large leaves and solid roots that amaze people, hence called 芋; it takes cao [草] as its classifier and 于 as its phonetic).

8.81

Or lotus root (或藕: [the second character is] pronounced 五 + 苟 fanqie; Kaosheng says: lotus root; Erya says: of the lotus, he, and fuqu, its root is called 藕; Yupian writes it as 𦸲; the Materia Medica calls it shuizhi dan or sweet lotus, which is edible; Shuowen writes it with shui [水] as 蕅, meaning fuqu root; it takes cao [草] and shui [水] as its classifiers and 果 as its phonetic).

8.82

Cowherd maiden (牧牛女: [the first character is] pronounced 莫 + 卜 fanqie; Du's commentary on the Zuo Tradition says: raising cows is called 𢪛; Erya says: the suburbs are called 牧; Guo Pu's commentary on Fangyan says: 牧 means to oversee; Shuowen also says: raising cattle and horses; it takes niu [牛] as its classifier and 攴 as its phonetic; 攴 is pronounced 普 + 卜 fanqie).

8.83

To milk a hundred [cows] (搆百: [the first character is] pronounced 苟 + 寇 fanqie; this is a popular borrowed character; the standard form is written as [搫-舟+(孛-了)]; Kaosheng says: to milk cattle or sheep; it takes shou [手] as its classifier and [敲-高+(孛-了)] as its phonetic; it is also written with yang [羊] as [搫-舟+(孛-了)]; the sūtra writing it as 搆 means framing timber, which is not the sense intended by the sūtra).

8.84

Army adversaries (軍敵: the first character is pronounced 窘 + 雲 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 亭 + 的 fanqie).

8.85

Kālikā (迦履迦: the first character is pronounced 薑 + 佉 fanqie; this phonetic borrowing is used to sound out the Sanskrit; all instances of the character 迦 in Sanskrit terms below share this pronunciation).

8.86

Carrying and holding (賷持: [the first character is] pronounced 濟 + 西 fanqie; this is a popular character; Kaosheng says: to hold property and give it to others; Shuowen writes it as 齎, meaning to hold and present; it takes bei [貝] as its classifier and 齊 as its phonetic; the sūtra writing it as 賷 is due to a cursive script error).

8.87

Screening and sheltering (暎蔽: the first character is pronounced 英 + 敬 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 卑 + 袂 fanqie).

8.88

Pippala tree (庳鉢羅樹: the first character is pronounced 卑 + 寐 fanqie; this is a Sanskrit tree name; it is also called pippala, a type of Bodhi tree; one explanation holds that it is indeed the Bodhi tree).

8.89

Overlapping layers (重疊: [the first character is] pronounced 長 + 龍 fanqie; the second character is pronounced 亭 + 叶 fanqie; Cang Jie says: 疊 means repeated/double; Guangya says: thick; Song Zhong's commentary on the Taixuanjing says: 疊 means accumulated; Gu Yewang says: 疊 means clear; Shuowen says: ancient judicial officials decided cases according to the principle that 'deliberating thrice achieves propriety, and only then is punishment carried out'; thus it is composed of three yue [曰] forming 晶 and takes 宜 to form 疊; Wang Mang changed the three yue [曰] as being overly flourishing into three tian [田] to write 疊; the sūtra writing it as 疊 is a variant form).

8.90

Fascicle 571

8.91

Dhāraṇī of Protecting the Dharma (護法陀羅尼: the characters here are used only for their approximate phonetic transcription of the Sanskrit syllables, not for their character meanings).

8.93

Extinguished (銷滅: [the first character is] pronounced 小 + 姚 fanqie; also written as 消).

8.94

Barely measured (量纔: [the second character is] pronounced 藏 + 灾 fanqie; Kaosheng says: 纔 means briefly/temporarily; Jixun says: barely able; Shuowen says: shallow; it takes si [糸] as its classifier and [奐-大+比] as its phonetic; [奐-大+比] is pronounced 丑 + 略 fanqie, derived from 免; the sūtra writing it with two 免 as 纔).

8.95

Campaka flower (In the Sanskrit language it is the name of a flowering tree. The old transcription was zhanbo [瞻匐], which was corrupt and abbreviated. This flower is intensely fragrant, its scent carrying for several leagues; it is as large as a catalpa blossom, glistening golden-yellow. It is also the name of an incense).

8.96

Gate parapet [門𡑢] (The second character has the fanqie tian + ye [甜叶反]. The Zuozhuan states: "Encircling the city wall, they attached to the parapet [𡑢]." Du [Yu's] commentary states: "The battlements upon the city wall." The Gujin zhengzi says: "The battlements upon a city wall. Derived from 'earth' [土] with 'leaf' [葉] phonetic." Nowadays people commonly read it identically with ji [際], which is mistaken).

8.97

Teal and wild goose [鳧鴈] (The first character has the fanqie fu + wu [輔無反]. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "Fu [鳧] is a duck [鴨]." The Kaosheng says: "The smaller of wild ducks. Character dictionaries classify it under the bird radical with ji [几] phonetic; ji is pronounced shu [殊]; the short feathers of birds flying ji-ji-like, a phono-semantic compound." The second character has the fanqie yan + jian [顏莧反], or written as 雁, which is identical. The Mao edition of the Classic of Poetry says: "The large are called hong [鴻], the small are called yan [雁]; they are birds that follow the sun." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The goose belongs to the category of geese").

8.98

White sandalwood [白檀] (The second character has the fanqie tang + lan [唐蘭反]. The name of a fragrant wood. Both the white and red varieties are fragrant; the red one is superior. In Sanskrit it is called candana [贊那曩]; in ancient translations it is rendered as zhantan incense [栴檀香]. It is produced in overseas island realms).

8.99

Śirīṣa [尸利沙] (In the Sanskrit language. Here translated as "auspicious"; that is, the hehun tree [Albizia kalkora]; commonly known as the yehe tree).

8.100

Parrot [鸚鵡] (The first character has the fanqie wu + geng [烏耕反]; the second character has the fanqie wu + fu [無甫反], sometimes written as 䳇. The Shanhaijing states: "On Mount Huang there is a bird with green feathers, a red beak, and a human tongue that can speak, called the yingwu." The Quli says: "The parrot can speak, yet does not depart from being a flying bird." This is it).

8.101

Udumbara flower [優曇花] (In the Sanskrit language. The ancient transcription was corrupt and abbreviated. In the Sanskrit language it is properly called udumbara [烏曇跋羅]; here translated as "auspicious cloud," a wondrous celestial flower. This flower does not exist in the mundane world; only when a Tathāgata descends to be born, or a golden wheel-turning king appears in the world, does this flower appear due to the power of their great merit).

8.102

Candana [栴檀] (The first character has the fanqie zhang + shan [章羶反]; the second character has the fanqie tang + han [唐寒反]. This is the aforementioned red and white sandalwood).

8.103

Sphaṭika [頗𦙁迦] (In the Sanskrit language, the name of a precious jewel. It has no exact translation here; it is of the nature of rock crystal: luminous, clear, pure, and free of blemishes, with slight variations such as bluish-white, or red and purple. It is also a divine, miraculous jewel).

8.104

Fascicle 572

8.105

Cover and obstruct [掩遏] (The first character has the fanqie yu + jian [於撿反]; the Kaosheng says: "To hide." The second character has the fanqie an + ge [安葛反]; the Kaosheng says: "E [遏] means to block").

8.106

Fail [one's trust] [辜負] (The first character has the fanqie gu + ku [古枯反]. The Rites of Zhou says: "The duty of execution and quartering: whenever one slays a relative of the king, one quarters [辜] him." Zheng [Xuan] says: "Gu [辜] has the sense of dried up [枯]." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Gu means crime; derived from xin [辛] with gu [古] phonetic." In the sūtra it is written with the hand radical as 𢪿, which is erroneous. The second character has the fanqie fu + wu [浮武反]. Gu Yewang says: "Turning one's back on kindness and forgetting virtue is called fu [負]." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Fu means to rely on; the top derives from 'person' [人] and the bottom from 'cowrie' [貝]; a person guarding precious cowries has something to rely upon." Another explanation says: receiving a loan without repaying it, hence a person above cowries represents debt; there is also a popular character written with the person radical as 偩).

8.107

Timid and frail [怯弱] (The first character has the fanqie qiang + ye [羗業反]; the second character has the fanqie er + zhuo [而斫反]).

8.108

Fatigued and weary [疲倦] (The first character has the fanqie ping + mei [平眉反]; the second character has the fanqie kuang + yuan [狂院反]).

8.109

Digging a well [鑿丼] (The first character has the sound zuo [昨]. The Shenglei says: "Zao [鑿] means a chisel [鏨]; zan has the fanqie zi + xian [紫陷反]." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To bore through wood; derived from metal [金] with the abbreviated phonetic zuo [糳]; zuo has the sound zuo [作]. All characters such as 糳, 鑿, and 業 derive from 丵, which depicts bamboo and trees growing densely; 丵 has the fanqie [...] + xue [𱭏學反]." The second character jing [丼] has the fanqie jing + ying [精郢反]; it is a pictographic character, with the dot in the middle depicting water. Nowadays it is traditionally written without the dot as 井).

8.110

Stems and trunks [莖榦] (The first character has the fanqie xing + geng [幸耕反]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "The master of the branches." The Boya says: "The trunk of a plant is called jing [莖]." The second character has the fanqie gang + lan [岡嬾反]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "A tree branch; derived from 'wood' [木] with the phonetic gan [倝], pronounced [冈-山+(人*人)] + an [岸反]").

8.111

Reeds [荻] (The character [di] has the fanqie tu + li [徒歷反]. Xu Shuzhong [Xu Shen] in his commentary on the Huainanzi says: "Di [荻] is huo [藿]").

8.112

Reeds and rushes [蘆葦] (The first character has the fanqie lang + du [郎都反]; the second character has the fanqie yu + gui [于鬼反]. The Erya says: "Jia [葭] is wei [葦]." Guo Pu says: "Namely the modern lu [蘆]." It also says: "Jia and lu are wei." Upon examination, these two plants are similar in kind; the larger is called lu and the smaller is called wei. The Yupian says: "Wei is large jia." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The character lu [蘆] derives from 廾 and 皿 with the phonetic 𧆨; 𧆨 has the fanqie lu + du [魯都反]; it is also written as [蘆-皿], which is identical. The sūtra writing it as 蘆 is a popular form").

8.113

Sugarcane [甘蔗] (The second character has the fanqie zhi + ye [之夜反]; a sweet plant).

8.114

Dhātu [馱都] (In the Sanskrit language. Here translated as dharmadhātu [法界]; dhātu [界] means essence [體]).

8.115

From below here, starting from "the bottom of the feet which he treads upon" [ [筐-王+僉]底所蹈] down through "slender and curving chest" [逶迤胸臆], it entirely expounds the sounds and meanings of the Buddha's thirty-two marks. Since this was already fully explained in the fifth fascicle of the sūtra—that is, in fascicle 381—here we merely provide the pronunciations of the characters without seeking their meanings).

8.116

Sole of the foot [匳底] (The first character has the fanqie li + yan [力鹽反]. In the sūtra it is written as 匳, which is incorrect).

8.117

Which he treads upon [所蹈] (The second character has the fanqie tang + hao [唐號反]; to tread upon [踐也]).

8.118

Level and even [坦然] (The first character has the fanqie ta + lan [他嬾反]).

8.119

Spoked wheel [輻輪] (The first character has the sound fu [福]).

8.120

Rim and hub [輞轂] (The first character has the sound gang [冈]; the second character has the sound gu [穀]).

8.121

Soft and supple [柔耎] (The second character has the fanqie er + yan [而兖反]. In the sūtra it is written as 軟, which is incorrect).

8.122

Slender and long [纖長] (The first character has the fanqie xiang + yan [相閻反]).

8.123

Webbed netting [鞔網] (The first character has the fanqie mo + an [莫安反]).

8.124

Intertwined [交絡] (The second character has the sound luo [洛]).

8.125

Ornate patterns [綺畫] (The first character has the fanqie xu + ji [墟紀反]; the second character has the fanqie hua + gua [華卦反]).

8.126

Heel of the foot [足跟] (The second character has the sound gen [根]).

8.127

And the instep [與趺] (The second character has the sound fu [夫]).

8.128

Both calves [雙腨] (The first character has the fanqie suo + jiang [所江反]; the second character has the fanqie shi + ruan [時耎反]).

8.129

Aineya [瑿泥] (The first character has the fanqie ying + xi [纓奚反]).

8.130

Well-rounded [𦟛圓] (The first character has the fanqie chi + long [勅龍反]).

8.131

Deep blue [紺青] (The first character has the fanqie gao + an [高暗反]; the second character, qing, derives from sheng [生] and dan [丹]).

8.132

Moist and smooth [潤滑] (The first character has the fanqie er + shun [而順反]; the second character has the fanqie huan + ba [還八反]).

8.133

Bright and radiant [晃曜] (The first character has the fanqie hu + guang [胡廣反]; the second character has the fanqie yang + yao [羊要反]).

8.134

Neck and [頸及] (The first character has the fanqie ji + ying [鷄郢反]).

8.135

Shoulders and nape [肩項] (The first character has the sound jian [堅]; the second character has the fanqie he + jiang [何講反]).

8.136

Shoulders and armpits [髆腋] (The first character has the fanqie bu + ge [補各反]; the second character has the fanqie yang + yi [羊益反] or zhi + yi [之亦反]).

8.137

Nyagrodha [諾瞿陀] (The first character has the fanqie nang + ge [曩各反]; the second character has the fanqie qiang + yu [強于反]. In former translations it was rendered as niguluotuo [尼俱盧陀]).

8.138

Jaw and chest [頷臆] (The first character has the fanqie han + gan [含感反]; the second character has the fanqie yu + li [於力反]).

8.139

Surpassing a conch [踰珂] (The first character has the fanqie yang + zhu [羊珠反]; the second character has the fanqie ku + he [枯何反]).

8.140

Sharp [鋒利] (The first character has the fanqie fang + feng [妨封反]).

8.141

Graceful and delicate [婉約] (The first character has the fanqie yu + yuan [於遠反]).

8.142

Eyelashes [眼睫] (The second character has the fanqie jing + ye [精葉反]).

8.143

White ūrṇā hair [白毫] (The second character has the fanqie hu + gao [胡高反]).

8.144

Uṣṇīṣa [烏瑟膩沙] (In the Sanskrit language. Here translated as the cranium mark [dingxiang, 頂相], the crown of the Buddha's head).

8.145

Veins and channels [筋脈] (The first character has the fanqie ju + sheng [居聲反]; the second character has the fanqie mo + bai [莫伯反]).

8.146

Both ankles [兩踝] (The second character has the fanqie hu + wa [胡瓦反]).

8.147

Kneecaps [膝輪] (The first character has the fanqie [...] + yi [𦙃逸反]).

8.148

Earnest and grave [惇肅] (The first character has the fanqie du + wen [都溫反]).

8.149

Timid and frail [怯弱] (The first character has the fanqie qiang + ye [羗業反]).

8.150

Free of cataracts [離翳] (The second character has the fanqie yu + ji [於計反]).

8.151

Navel is deep [臍深] (The first character has the fanqie qiang + xi [牆𠔃反]).

8.152

Not concave [不凹] (The second character has the fanqie wu + gua [烏瓜反]).

8.153

Not protruding [不凸] (The second character has the fanqie tian + jie [田頡反]).

8.154

Skin [皮膚] (The second character has the fanqie fu + wu [甫無反]).

8.155

疥癬 (the first character is pronounced like 戒 [jiè]; the second is the fanqie 先 + 剪 [xiǎn]).

8.156

黶點 (the first character is the fanqie 伊 + 琰 [yǎn]; the second is the fanqie 丁 + 琰 [diǎn]).

8.157

疣贅 (the first character is the fanqie 有 + 求 [yóu]; the second is the fanqie 專 + 稅 [zhuì]).

8.158

清澈 (the fanqie 纏 + 列 [chè]).

8.159

稠密 (the fanqie 長 + 流 [chóu]).

8.160

綺靡 (the first character is pronounced like 豈 [qǐ]; the second is pronounced like 美 [mǐ]).

8.161

輪埵 (the fanqie 都 + 果 [duǒ]).

8.162

顏貌 (the fanqie 猫 + 皰 [mào]).

8.163

臭穢 (the first character is the fanqie 昌 + 呪 [chòu]; the second is the fanqie 央 + 衛 [wèi]).

8.164

達那 (Sanskrit: the Tathāgata's fleshy uṣṇīṣa).

8.165

逶迤 (the first character is pronounced like 萎 [wēi]; the second is pronounced like 夷 [yí]).

8.166

匈臆 (the first character is the fanqie 許 + 恭 [xiōng]; the second is the fanqie 於 + 力 [yì]).

8.167

踊躍 (the first character is the fanqie 羊 + 腫 [yǒng]; Du Yu says: "It means leaping; ascending." The second is the fanqie 弋 + 灼 [yuè]; the Guangya: "To leap; to advance." They gloss each other).

8.168

之儔 (the fanqie 池 + 流 [chóu]; 儔 means peer [or companion]).

8.169

不愜 (the fanqie 謙 + 頰 [qiè]; the Kaosheng says: "Suited to one's wish; agreeable." It takes its semantic classifier from 心 [heart] and 匧 provides the sound).

8.170

所縈 (the fanqie 恚 + 營 [yíng]; the Kaosheng says: "To entwine; to encircle").

8.171

荷儋 (the fanqie 多 + 甘 [dān]; to shoulder; to assist; also written as 檐).

8.172

重擔 (the fanqie 當 + 柑 [dàn]; the Kaosheng: carrying things with a pole).

8.173

持髻 (pronounced like 繼 [jì]; the name of a Brahmā king [Śikhin]).

8.174

Fascicle 574 (Mañjuśrī Section)

8.175

善軶 (the fanqie 於 + 革 [è]; the Guiyuan zhucong: "The crossbar at the end of a carriage shaft." The Shuowen: "A carriage yoke; it takes its semantic classifier from 車 [carriage] and 戹 provides the sound." 戹 is pronounced like 厄 [è]; dictionaries note that 戹 is composed of 戶 and 乙. The sūtra uses the popular character 軶. "Not Abandoning the Good Yoke" is the name of a bodhisattva; the "good yoke" is a metaphor for great compassion).

8.176

迦多衍那 (Sanskrit: the name of a great arhat [Kātyāyana]; formerly called 迦旃延 [Jiazhiyan], which was an error. 迦 is the fanqie 薑 + 佉 [jiā]; 衍 is the fanqie 演 [yǎn]).

8.177

Fascicle 575 (Mañjuśrī, part two)

8.178

善䠶 (the fanqie 常 + 夜 [shè]; the Shuowen says: "Bows and crossbows discharged from the body to strike afar; it takes its components from 身 [body] and 矢 [arrow]." In small seal script, it takes 寸 and is written as 射. The Shuowen says: "寸 means measure; it also means hand." Both forms are standard).

8.179

麁的 (the fanqie 蒼 + 姑 [cū]; Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "麤 is like coarse." The Guangya: "麤 means large." The standard form is written as 麤; the Shuowen: "From three 鹿 [deer]; now abbreviated as 麤 [or 麁]." Gu Yewang says: "麤 means not good." The second character is the fanqie 丁 + 歷 [dì]; the Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "的 is the archery target." It is also written with the bow radical as 㢩. The Shuowen: "From 白 [white], written as 的; 的 means bright; from 白 with 勺 providing the sound").

8.180

鍛金 (the fanqie 都 + 灌 [duàn]; the Cang Jie pian says: "鍛 means to hammer with a mallet; [hammer is] the fanqie 直 + 羸 [chuí]." Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "鍛 means to strike and beat." The Shuowen says: "Refining on a small scale").

8.181

燒鍊 (the fanqie 歷 + 殿 [liàn]; the Shuowen: "Refining metals." Also written as 煉, which is also accepted. In the sūtra it is written with the silk radical as 練, which is incorrect).

8.182

金璞 (the fanqie 普 + 剝 [pú]; Wang Bi's commentary on the Laozi: "璞 means genuine/unworked." Yinwenzi says: "The people of Zheng call unworked jade 璞").

8.183

稱量 (the fanqie 處 + 蒸 [chēng]; the Kaosheng: "To determine lightness and heaviness." The Guangya says: "To measure." Dictionaries say: "To measure equally." The Yunying: "To measure/regulate." The Shuowen says: "To weigh; it takes its semantic classifier from 禾 [grain] and 爯 provides the sound." 爯 is the fanqie 齒 + 蒸 [chēng]; in ancient script it was written as 爯. The sūtra uses the popular character 秤).

8.184

胞初生 (the fanqie 庖 + 皃 [pāo]; the budding placenta of a tree flower. When the pāriyātra tree in the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven is about to bloom, it first produces buds. The Shuowen: "The fetal membrane when a woman is pregnant." Dictionaries give the standard form as 包; some write it as 皰, pronounced with the fanqie 蒲 + 皃 [pào], which is also acceptable in meaning).

8.185

氛氳 (the first character is the fanqie 扶 + 聞 [fēn]; the second is the fanqie 迃 + 雲 [yūn]; the Wenzi jilüe: "氛氳 is the appearance of abundant vapors." The Zitong: "氤氳 is the harmonious vapor of yin and yang." The characters are composed of an upper semantic and lower phonetic component).

8.186

剏見 (the fanqie 楚 + 壯 [chuàng]; the Yunying: "剏 means initial." The Kaosheng: "剏 means beginning." The sūtra uses the popular character 創).

8.187

分齊 (the first character is the fanqie 防 + 問 [fèn]; the second is the fanqie 寂 + 麗 [jì]; also written as 劑).

8.188

治寶 (the first character is the fanqie 除 + 离 [chí]; the Kaosheng says: "治 means to order or repair what is old").

8.189

磨瑩 (the fanqie 烏 + [(質-貝+(〡*且))/又] [yìng]; to grind and polish; also written as 鎣).

8.190

映㬚 (the first character is the fanqie 英 + 敬 [yìng]; the second is the fanqie 持 + 折 [chè]; to penetrate clearly; the sūtra uses 徹).

8.191

卉木 (the fanqie 暉 + 貴 [huì]; the Shuowen: "General name for grasses/herbs." In small seal script written as 芔, from three 屮 [shoots]; 屮 is the fanqie 丑 + 列 [chè]).

8.192

叢林 (the fanqie 殂 + 紅 [cóng]; plants clustering together; from 丵, which provides the sound; 丵 is the fanqie 牀 + 學 [zhuó]. The sūtra uses the popular character 藂).

8.193

能逮 (the fanqie 唐 + 奈 [dài]; 逮 means to reach).

8.194

如幻 (the fanqie 還 + 辨 [huàn]; phantom/delusive; anciently written as 幺 or as 予, which are both ancient forms).

8.195

Fascicle 576

8.196

罥網 (the first character is the fanqie 决 + 犬 [juàn]; the standard form is 羂, also written as 罥; the Kaosheng says: "Catching with a cord." The Yunying: "Tying and capturing." Note: 羂 refers to a snare-cord. The second character is the fanqie 無 + 倣 [wǎng]; Gu Yewang says: "網 is the general name for hunting nets and bird nets." The Yijing says: "In ancient times Baoxi knotted cords to make nets to hunt and fish, thereby nourishing the myriad people." The Shiben says: "Mang made bird nets and nets." Zhu Zhong says: "That refers to Fuxi." It is also written as 羅罔 or as 网, all of which are ancient pictographic characters).

8.197

無尼延底 (Sanskrit; in the Tang language it means "pure consciousness" [amalavijñāna / amala-vijñāna]).

8.198

帝杙 (the fanqie 餘 + 息 [yì]; a large stake; 橜 is the fanqie 狂 + 月 [jué]. The Erya: "A small stake is called a 杙." Guo Jingchun says: "杙 means a stake [橜]." It also says: "When set in the ground it is called a 臬, the fanqie 魚 + 列 [niè]").

8.199

行有所得 (行 is the fanqie 孟 [hàng]; the same below).

8.200

寤時 (the fanqie 吾 + 庫 [wù]; the Kaosheng says: "Seeing something in sleep, and upon waking, believing it." 寐 is the fanqie 彌 + 庇 [mèi]; 覺 is the fanqie 教 [jiào]. The Cang Jie pian also says: "To wake from sleep and speak is called 寤." The Shuowen is the same: it takes its components from 宀, 爿, and an abbreviated 㝱, with 吾 providing the sound. 宀 is the fanqie 綿 [mián]; 爿 is the fanqie 牆 [qiáng]; 㝱 is the fanqie 夢 [mèng]. Dictionaries say: "㝱 means awakening from sleep").

8.201

踊躍 (the first character is the fanqie 庸 + 腫 [yǒng]; the Gongyang zhuan says: "踊 means ascending." The Yupian: "踊 means climbing." Du Yu says: "Leaping and jumping; from 足 [foot] with 甬 providing the sound." The second character is the fanqie 翼 + 灼 [yuè]; the Erya: "躍 means swift." The Guangya: "躍 means jumping; advancing; from 足 [foot] with 翟 providing the sound." 翟 is the fanqie 徒 + 歷 [dí]).

First 200 of 328 passages. Read on

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese