Ragas and Raginis: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources c15: Appendices
Rāgas and Rāginīs: A Pictorial and Iconographic Study of Indian Musical Modes Based on Original Sources c15
- Language
- English
Contents
- c15.s1 Appendix 1 — 5 parts
- c15.s2 Appendix 2 — 10 parts
- c15.s3 Appendix 3 — 29 parts
- c15.s4 Appendix 4 — 23 parts
- c15.s5 Appendix 5 — 16 parts
- c15.s6 Appendix 6 — 9 parts
- c15.s7 Appendix 7 — 22 parts
- c15.s8 Appendix 8 — 17 parts
- c15.s9 Appendix 9 — 38 parts
- c15.s10 Appendix 11 — 17 parts
- c15.s11 Appendix 12 — 15 parts
- c15.s12 Appendix 13 — 14 parts
- c15.s13 Appendix 14 — 26 parts
- c15.s14 Appendix 16 — 9 parts
- c15.s15 Appendix 17 — 24 parts
- c15.s16 Appendix 18 — 29 parts
- c15.s17 Appendix 19 — 56 parts
- c15.s18 Appendix 20 — 3 parts
- c15.s19 Appendix 21 — 14 parts
- c15.s20 Appendix 22 — 5 parts
- c15.s21 Appendix 23 — 3 parts
- c15.s22 Appendix 24 — 3 parts
- c15.s23 Appendix 25 — 14 parts
- c15.s24 Appendix 26 — 3 parts
- c15.s25 Appendix 27 — 13 parts
- c15.s26 Appendix 28 — 4 parts
- c15.s27 Appendix 29 — 14 parts
- c15.s28 Appendix 30 — 28 parts
- c15.s29 Appendix 32 — 45 parts
- c15.s30 Appendix 33 — 15 parts
- c15.s31 Appendix 34 — 14 parts
- c15.s32 Appendix 35 — 55 parts
Appendices
c15.1
CLASSIFICATION OF RĀGAS IN THE APPENDICES
c15.2
1. According to Dattila (Second Century A.D.)
2. According to Bharata's Nāṭya-Śāstra (C. 3rd Century A.D.)
3. According to Bṛhaddeśī by Matanga (Circa 5th to 7th Century).
4. According to Sangīta Makaranda by Nārada (Circa 7th to 9th Century A.D.)
5. According to Mammata (about the eleventh century A.D.)
6. According to Nāṭya-locana (circa 850-1000 A.D.)
7. According to King Nānya deva's Sarasvatī—Hṛdayalāmkāra (circa 1097 to 1154 A.D.)
8. According to Someśvara Deva (circa 1131 A.D.)
9. According to Sangīta-Ratnākara by Śārṅgadeva (1210-1247 A.D.)
10. According to Sangīta-samaya-sāra by Pārśvadeva (circa 1250 A.D.)
11. According to Rāga-sāgara, attributed to the joint authors Narada & Dattila.
12. According to Rāgārṇava (datable about the 1300 A.D.)
13. According to Pañcama Saṃhitā by Narada.
14. According to Kallinātha, (1460 A.D.)
15. According to Rāgamālā by Meṣakarṇa (dated about 1509 A.D.)
16. According to Raga-Tarangini by Locan-Kavi (circa 1375 A.D.)
17. According to Svara-mela-kalānidhi by Rama-matya (1550 A.D.)
18. According to Rāgamālā by Pundalik Vithala.
19. According to Catvāriṃśacchata-raga-nirūpaṇam by Narada (circa 1550 A.D.)
20. According to Rāga-vivodha by Soma-nath (1609 A.D.)
c15.3
21. According to Raga-Darpana by Dāmodara Miśra (circa 1625 A.D.)
c15.4
22. According to Hrdaya-prakāśā by Hrdayanārāyaṇa Deva (circa Samvat 1724-1646 A.D.)
c15.5
24. According to Catur-dandi-Prākāsikā by Vyankatamakhī (1660 A.D.)
c15.6
25. According to Anūpa-Sangītānkuśa by Bhava-Bhatta (1674-1701 A D.)
c15.7
26. According to Anūpa-Sangīta-ratnākara, by Bhava-bhatta (1674-1701 A.D.)
c15.8
27. According to Sangita-narayana by Purushottama Misra, court poet of Narayana Deva of the Gajapati Dynasty (Circa 1730 A.D.)
c15.9
28. According to Sangīta-Sārāmrtoddhāra by King Tulaji of Tanjore (1763-1787 A.D.)
c15.10
29. According to Rāga-Kutūhala by Radha Krishna Kavi, composed in Samvat 1853-1781 A D.
c15.11
30. According to Sangīta-sara, compiled by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Sihma Deo of Jaipur (1779-1804 A D )
c15.12
31. According to Bramhā.
c15.13
32. According to the School of Bharata.
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33. According to the School of Hanumāna
c15.15
34. According to the Hindī texts inscribed on the series of miniatures in the British Museum Ms Add Or. 2821
c15.16
35. According to a Hindusthānī (Urdu) Manuscript of Rāga-mālā by Saiyid “Abd-al-Walī” Uzlat, (A.D. 1759).
c15.17
36. According to Pandit V. N Bhatkhande (Pundit Visnu Sarma), B.A , LL B. of Bombay, as given in his Sanskrit treatise Abhinavaraga-manjari (Poona 1921).
Appendix 1
c15.s1.1
Eleven Composite Jātis (modes).
c15.s1.2
According to Dattila (Trivandram Edition, No. CII, 1930, p 5, 49-54). The data of this text, if not the text itself, may be as early as second century A D
c15.s1.3
| Names. | Component Jātis. |
| 1 Sadja-Madhyamā | Sadjā, Madhamā |
| 2. Sadja-Kaiśikī | Sadjā, Gāndhārī |
| 3. Sadjodicyavatī | Sadjā, Gāndhārī, Dhaivatī. |
| 4. Gāndharodīcyavā | Sadjā, Gāndhārī, Madhyamā, Dhaivatī |
| 5 Madhyamodīcyavā | Gāndhārī, Madhyamā, Pancamī, Dhaivatī. |
| 6. Rakta-Gāndhārī | Gāndhārī, Madhamā, Pancamī, Naisādī. |
| 7. Āndhrī | Gāndhārī, Ārsabhī. |
| 8 Nandayantī | Gāndhārī, Ārsabhī, Pancamī. |
| 9. Kārmāravī | Gāndhārī, Nisādī (*). |
| 10. Gāndhāra-Pancamī | Gāndhārī, Pancamī. |
| 11. Kaiśikī | Sadjā, Gāndhārī. Madhyamā Pancamī, Nisādī. |
c15.s1.4
* “Sa-nisādastu gāndhāryah kuryu kārmāravīmimāh” 53
c15.s1.5
The text differing from Bharata & Śārangadeva, appears to suggest that Kārmāravī is a composed of two modes:—Gāndhārī & Nisādī.
Appendix 2
c15.s2.1
The Eighteen Jātis (modes)
c15.s2.2
According to Bharata’s Nātya-Śāstra, C, 3rd Century A D (Chapter 28, Verses 41-45.)
c15.s2.3
| Sadja-grāma. | Madhyama-grāma. | |
| Sādjī (or Sādjā) | Gāndhārī (or Gāndhārā) | Madhyamodīcyavā. |
| Ārsabhī | Madhyamā | Nandayantī. |
| Dhaivatī | Pancamī | Karmāravī. |
| Nisādinī (or Nisādavatī) | Gāndhārodīcyavā | Āndhrī. |
| Sadjodīcyavatī or Odicyavā) | Gāndhāra-Pancamī | Kaiśikī. |
| Sadja-Kaiśikī | Rakta-Gāndhārī | |
| Sadjamadhyā (or madhyamā) | | |
c15.s2.4
Eleven Composite Jātis
c15.s2.5
(Chapter 28, Verses 48-54)
c15.s2.6
| Names | Component Jātis. |
| 1. Sadja-Madhyamā | Sādjī, Madhyamā |
| 2 Sadja-kaisikī | Gāndhārī. Sādjī |
| 3 Sadjodīcyavā | Sādjī, Gāndhārī, Dhaivatī |
| 4 Gāndhārodīcyavatī | Sādjī, Gāndhārī, Pancamī (Madhyama, G), Dhaivatī |
| 5. Madhyamodīcyavā | Gāndhārī, Pancamī, Madhyamā, Dhaivatī, |
| 6 Rakta-Gāndhārī | Gāndhārī, Pancamī, Nisādī |
| 7. Āndhrī | Gāndhārī, Ārsabhī |
| 8 Nandayantī | Ārsabhī, Pancamī, Gāndhārī |
| 9. Karmāravī | Nisādī, Ārsabhī, Pancamī* |
| 10 Gāndhārapancamī | Gāndhārī, Pancamī |
| 11 Kaisikī | Sādjī, Gāndhārī, Madhyamā, Pancamī, Nisādī. |
c15.s2.7
* “Karmāravīm nisādī sārsabhī pancamī kuryuh” 53
c15.s2.8
Classification or Jātis, according to the number of their notes (svaras).
c15.s2.9
(Chapter 28, Verses 57-64)
c15.s2.10
| | 4 Sampūrna (Hepta-tonic) | 4 Sādva (Hexa-tonic) | 10 Audava (Penta-tonic) |
| Sadja-grāma. | 1 Sadja-kaisikī | 1 Sādjī | 5 { Ārsabhī, Dhaivatī, Nisādī, Sadja-madhyamā, Sadjodīcyavatī } |
| Madhyama-grāma | 3 { Karmāravī, Gāndhāra-pancamī, Madhyamodīcyavā } | 3 { Gāndharodīcyavā, Ārdhrī, Nandayantī } | 5 { Gāndhārī, Rakta-gāndharī, Madhyamā, Pancamī, Kaisikī } |
Appendix 3
c15.s3.1
CLASSIFICATION OF RĀGAS
c15.s3.2
Into Rāga-gītis, Sādhāraṇa-gītis, Bhāsā-gītis, Bibhsá-gītis
c15.s3.3
According to Brhaddeśī by Matanga (Circa 5th to 7th Century,) melodies, known under the generic name of gītis, or folk-songs, or airs, were of seven varieties, one of which represented the rāga-gītis or melodies proper The melodies had their derivatives known as bhāsās, the latter being subdivided into Vibhāsās The bhāsās & vibhāsās, correspond to rāginīs of later times
c15.s3.4
[Brhaddeśī (Trivandrum Edition) p 82-133 The Author follows two earlier authorities Yāstika & Sārdūla ]
c15.s3.5
GĪTIS
c15.s3.6
1 Suddha- 2. Bhin- 3 Goud- 4 Sādha- 5. Rāga- 6 Bhāsā- 1. Vibhāsīgītis naka-gītis ikā-gītis ranī-gītis gītis gītis gītis
c15.s3.7
SĀDHĀRANA-GĪTIS
c15.s3.8
1 Saka 2 Kaku- 3 Hat- 4 Rūpa- 5. Gānd- 6 Sadjabha māna- sādhārita hāra- Kaiśika Pañcama Pañcama
c15.s3.9
These were later accepted in the classes of rāga proper, affiliated to the earliest rāga system.
c15.s3.10
RĀGA-GĪTIS
c15.s3.11
1. Takka 2. Souvīra 3. Mālava- 4. Khā- 5 Malava-6. Votta- 7. Hindo- 7. Takka- (-Tanka) Pañcama dava kaiśika Rāga loka Kaiśika
c15.s3.12
BHĀSĀ-GĪTIS
c15.s3.13
Ascribed to each of the rāgas
c15.s3.14
1 TAKKA-RĀGA
c15.s3.15
1. Travanā 5. Mālavesarikā 9. Vesarikā 14. Kolāhalī
2. Travanod- 6. Gūrjarī 10. Pañcamākyā 15. Madhyamabhava 7. Sourāstrī 11. Ravi-Candrā grāmikā
3. Veranjikā 8 Saindhabhī 12 Amvā-herī 16 Gāndhāra-
4. Chevātī 13. Lalitā pancama
c15.s3.16
2 SOUVÎRAKA
c15.s3.17
1. Souvîrî
2. Vega-madhyamā
3. Sādhantā
4. Gāndhārî
c15.s3.18
3 PANCAMA
c15.s3.19
1. Ābhîrî
2. Bhāvinî
3. Māngālî
4. Saindhavî
5. Gūrjarî
6. Dāksinātyā
7. Āndhrî (?)
8. Tānodbhavā (Āndhālî)
9. Travanî
10. Kaiśikî
c15.s3.20
4 BHINNA-ṢAḌJA
c15.s3.21
1. Viśuddhā
2. Dāksinātyā
3. Gāndhārî
4. Śrî-kanthî
5. Pourālî
6. Vangālî
7. Saindhavî
8. Kālindî
9. Pulindî
c15.s3.22
5 MĀLAVA-KAIŚIKA
c15.s3.23
1. Suddhā
2. Ādya-vesarikā
3. Harsa-pūrî
4. Māngālî
5. Saindhabhî
6. Ābhîrî
7. Khandanî
8. Gunjarî (?)
c15.s3.24
6 VOṬṬA-RĀGA
c15.s3.25
Mangalā
c15.s3.26
7 HINDOLAKA
c15.s3.27
1. Vesarî
2. Prathama-Manjarî
3. Chevātî
4. Sadja-madhyamā
5. Madhurî (?) (Madhukarî)
c15.s3.28
8 TAKKA-KAIŚIKA
c15.s3.29
1. Drāvidî
2. Mālavā
3. Bhinna-Lalikā
Appendix 4
c15.s4.1
According to *Sangīta Makaranda* by Nārada (circa 7th to 9th century A.D.)
c15.s4.2
Two systems are given one after another. According to the first scheme, the major melodies are eight in number, and the minor melodies twenty-four, aggregating thirty-two melodies. According to the second scheme, the major melodies are six in number, and the minor melodies, thirty-six, aggregating forty-two. Owing to a *lacuna* in the text, the second scheme is not available in its entirety.
c15.s4.3
The first scheme, with three rāginīs for each rāga, appears to be very old. But the text of *Sangita-makaranda* is, probably, not as early as the 7th century.
c15.s4.4
| FIRST SCHEME. |
c15.s4.5
1. BHUPĀLA
c15.s4.6
1. Velāvalī | 2. Malaharī | 3. Vahulī
c15.s4.7
2. BHAIRAVA
c15.s4.8
1. Devakiyā | 2. Pourālī | 3. Kāmbhāī
c15.s4.9
3 ŚRÍ-RĀGA
c15.s4.10
1. Kāmbhojī | 2. Bhallātī | 3. Kuranjikā
c15.s4.11
5 PADA-MANJARĪ
c15.s4.12
1. Deśī | 2 Manoharī | 3 Tundī
c15.s4.13
5 NĀTA
c15.s4.14
1. Sāranga | 2. Nātakhvā (?) | 3. Aharī 6. VANGĀLA
1. Nārāyaṇi 2 Gāndhārī 3. Rañjī
c15.s4.15
7 VASANTA
1. Parāṭī 2 Dṭāvadī 3. Haṃsī (? Varāṭī)
c15.s4.16
8 MĀLAVA
1. Gunda-kriyā 2. Dhūṅjarī 3. Goudī (Gūrjarī)
c15.s4.17
| SECOND SCHEME |
c15.s4.18
1 ŚRĪ-RĀGA 1 Goudī 2 Kolā- 3 Drāvaḥ 4 Ando- 5 Mādha- 6 Devahalī hkī vī Gāndhārī
c15.s4.19
2. PANCAMA 1 Suddha 2 Sāverī 3 Sain- 4 Mālatī 5 Trotī 6 Kou- Nāṭā dhavī modakī
c15.s4.20
3 MEGHA-RĀGA
1. Sou- 2. Kām- 3 Van- 4. Madhu- 5. Deva- 6. Bhūrāṣṭrī bhāī gālī mādhavī krī pālī
c15.s4.21
4 NĀTA-NĀRĀYANA
1. Val- 2 Mādha- 3 Vidagh- 4. Abhi- 5 Triveṇī 6. Meghalabhā vī dhā sārikā rañjī
c15.s4.22
6. BHAIRAVA
c15.s4.23
(The rāginīs of the melodies Vasanta and Bhairava do not appear in the text available)
Appendix 5
c15.s5.1
CLASSIFICATION OF RĀGAS
c15.s5.2
into six rāgas & thirty-six rāginīs
c15.s5.3
According to Mammata (ācārya), author of *Sangita-ratna-mālā* as, cited in *Sangīta-nārāyaṇa*. Some scholars identify Mammata, the author of this musical text, with Mammat, the great authority on poetics, author of *Kāvya-prakāśa*, who flourished about the eleventh century A.D
c15.s5.4
1. KARNĀTA
c15.s5.5
| 1. Vand-hanī (?) | 2. Māla-vaśrī | 3 Sindhu | 4. Velā-valī | 5. Prapā-unī (?) | 6. Vibhāsā |
c15.s5.6
2. NĀTA
c15.s5.7
| 1 kām-bhojī | 2 Nāta-bhāsā | 3 Tudīkā | 4 Guna-manjarī (?) (-Guna-kriyā (?)) | 5. Sekharī | 6 Mukharī |
c15.s5.8
3 (MEGHA)-MALLĀRA
c15.s5.9
| 1 Mallārī | 2 Lalitā | 3. Pata-manjarī | 4 Madhu-kī | 5 Bhāsa-kārī | 6 Deśī |
c15.s5.10
4 DEŚĀKH
c15.s5.11
| 1. Gun-jarī (-Gujjarī ?) | 2. Rāma-kirī | 3 Gunda-kirī | 4. Suto-dikā | 5. Dhānasī | 6 Varātī |
c15.s5.12
5. MĀLAVA
c15.s5.13
| 1. Śivi (?) | 2. Kedāra | 3. Mesa-mā (?) | 4. Jīvikā | 5. Kandu-sutā (?) | 6. Travanā |
c15.s5.14
6. VASANTA
c15.s5.15
| 1. Bhairavī | 2. Regahārī (?) (-Revaguptā ?) | 3. Megha-tālī | 4. Supancamī | 5. Amvā-toji (?) (-Ambhojī ?) | 6. Totka (?) (-Tanka) |
c15.s5.16
(The absence of the Bhairava rāga, and the ascription of Bhairavī to the group of Vasanta lend an early date to this scheme.)
Appendix 6
c15.s6.1
CLASSIFICATION OF RĀGAS
c15.s6.2
According to Nātya-locana (circa 850-1000 A D) into three groups of Śuddha, Salamka & Sandhi (? Samkīrna) rāgas.
c15.s6.3
(Ms No. 111, E. 158, in the Collection of the Asiatic Society of Bengal)
c15.s6.4
ŚUDDH RĀGAS
c15.s6.5
| 1. Pancama-Mālava | 5. Velāvalī |
| 2. Mādhavārī (?) | 6. Todī |
| 3. Hindola | 7. Gāndhāra |
| 4. Mālasikā | 8. Nāta |
c15.s6.6
ŚĀLAMKA-RĀGAS
c15.s6.7
| 1. Lalita | 5. Gurjjarī | 9. Goundakirī | 13. Rāmakirī |
| 2. Nārada-Bhairavi | 6. Koda-Deśāg | 10. Varādī | 14. Sālamka |
| 3. Bhāsa | 7. Deśa-Varāṭī | 11. Vangāla | 15. Deśāga |
| 4. Vasanta | 8. Vicitrā | 12. Karnāta | 16. Mālava-rāga |
c15.s6.8
SANDHI-RĀGAS
c15.s6.9
1. Mallāra
2. Pathamanjarī
3. Dhanāsī
4. Kakubhā (?)
5. Himakirī
6. Savarī
7. Divādī
8. Khamvāvatī
9. Takka
10. Kāmoda
11. Devakirī
12. Loungirātī (?)
13. Motakī
14. Bhallāta
15. Vāhedī
16. Gunakirī
17. Kokīrikā
18. Madhukirī
19. Goudī
20. Anunī
Appendix 7
c15.s7.1
CLASSIFICATION OF RĀGAS
c15.s7.2
According to King Nānyadeva's Sarasvatī-Hrdayālaṃkāra (circa 1097 to 1154 A D.) available in a single Ms in the collection of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona (No. 111 of 1869-70). The author mentions a class called Root-rāgas (mūla-rāga) Unfortunately, he does not specify them.
c15.s7.3
He gives full descriptions and notations of numerous rāgas, under three groups of ‘Sadja-grāma, Madhya-grāma and Gāndhāra-grāma
c15.s7.4
6 GITĪS
c15.s7.5
Śuddha Bhinna Gouda Vesara Sādhārana
c15.s7.6
8 PRINCIPAL BHĀSĀS
c15.s7.7
Mālava- Vesari Desākhya Mālava Sourāstrī Saindhavī Svarākya Madhya-deha (?) Pancama- laksita (?)
c15.s7.8
AN ALTERNATIVE LIST OF
c15.s7.9
10 BHĀSĀS.
c15.s7.10
Bhammāni Bhairavī Hindolī Sāverī Varātī Āndhālī Madhukarī Pourālī Pallavī Ghantārava
c15.s7.11
BHINNA-GÎTIS
c15.s7.12
Bhinna-kaśika | Bhinna- madhyama | Bhima-sadja
c15.s7.13
Gounda-Gîtis
c15.s7.14
Andha-Gouda | Gouda | Kaiśika-Madhyama | Gouda-Pancama
c15.s7.15
SĀDHĀRAṆA-GÎTIS
c15.s7.16
Reva-Gupta | Bhammāna-Pancama | Rūpa-Sādhārita
c15.s7.17
ANTARA-BHĀṢĀ
c15.s7.18
Protākhya | Bhasalî | Tānod-bhava | Madhurî (?) | Sālavāhunî
c15.s7.19
KRIYANGA (EARLIEST LIST)
c15.s7.20
Kumuda-Krti | Hanu- Krti | Śiva- Krti | Nāma- Krti | Kumuda-Kıti | Rāma-Krti
c15.s7.21
KRIYĀNGA (LATER LIST).
c15.s7.22
Deva- Krti | Dāmva- Krti | Tri-Netra- Krti | Bhāva- Krti | Dhānya- Krti
Appendix 8
c15.s8.1
CLASSIFICATION OF RĀGAS
c15.s8.2
According to Someśvara Deva (Circa 1131 A.D.) cited in Rāga-darpaṇa (Raja Sir S. M. Tagore's Edition, 1881, P 72) The Chapter in the author's Encyclopædia Mānsollāsa, does not give any classification of the Melodies Probably this is given in his work Sangīta-ratnāvalî. the text of which is now lost.
c15.s8.3
1. ŚRÎ-RĀGA
c15.s8.4
1. Mālaśrî | 2. Trivanî | 3. Gourî | 4 Kedārî | 5 Madhu- | 6. Pāhā-
c15.s8.5
| | | | | Mādhavî | dikā
c15.s8.6
1. Désî | 2. Devagiri | 3. Varātî | 4. Todikā | 5. Hindolî | 6. Lalitā
c15.s8.7
3. BHAIRAVA
c15.s8.8
1. Bhai- | 2. Gujjarî | 3. Rāma- | 4. Guna-Kirî | 5. Van- | 6. Sain- | ravt | | Kirî | | gālî | dhavî
c15.s8.9
4. PANCHAMA
c15.s8.10
1. Vibhāsā | 2. Bhūpālî | 3. Karnātî | 4. Vada- | 5. Mālavî | 6. Pata |
c15.s8.11
| | | | hamsikā | | manjarî
c15.s8.12
5. MEGHA-RĀGA
c15.s8.13
1. Mallārî | 2. Sou- | 3. Sāverî | 4. Kou- | 5. Gān- | 6. Hara- |
c15.s8.14
| rāthi | | śikî | dhārî | Śrngāra
c15.s8.15
6. NAṬṬA-NĀRĀYANA
c15.s8.16
1. Kāmodî | 2. Kalyānî | 3. Ābhîrî | 4. Nātikā | 5. Sārangî | 6. Nātta- |
c15.s8.17
| | | | | | Hāmvîra
Appendix 9
c15.s9.1
CLASSIFICATION OF RĀGAS
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According to Sangīta-Ratnākara by Śārangadeva (1210-1247 A D.). He gives an historical survey of rāgas, according to Kaśyapa, Yāstika, and Matanga. He enumerates 30 grāma-rāgas, viz:—7 Śudda, 5 Bhinnakas, 3 Goudas, 8 Vesaras, and 7 Sādhāritas (Sādhārana).
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GRĀMA-RĀGAS
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ŚUDDHA
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Sadja- | Sadja- | Śuddha- | Sadja- | Pancama | Sādva | Śuddha- | Kaiśiki | Madhyama | Sādhārita | grāma | | | Kaiśika |
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| | | | (? Sadjî) | | | |
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(Of these, the first four belong to the Ṣadja-grāma, and the last three to Madhyamā-grāma.)
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BHINNAKA
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Kaiśika- Bhinna-Ṣadja Tāna Kaiśika Bhinna-Pancama Madhyama
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(Of these, the first two belong to the Ṣadja-grāma, and the three to Madhyama-grāma )
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GOUḌA
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Gouḍa-Kaiśika- Gouḍa-Pancama Gouḍa-Kaiśika Madhyama (Of these, the first two belong to Saḍjāgrāma and the last two Madhyamā-grāma)
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VESARA
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Ṭakka Vesara- Souvīra Votta Mālava- Mālava- Ṭakka- Hindola Khadava (?) Kaiśika. Pancama Kaiśika
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(Of these, the first two belong to Ṣadja-grāma, the next four to Madhyama-grāma and the last to both grāmas )
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(These 8 Vesara melodies are designated as "Rāga-gītis" by Matanga, Appedix 3.)
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SĀDHĀRITA
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Rūpa- Śaka Bham- Narta- Pancama Sadja- Kakubha Sādhārita mānā- Gāndhāra Kaiśika Pancama
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(Of these, the first three belong to Sadja-grāma, the second three to Madhyama, and the last to both gramas).
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8 UPARĀGAS
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Śaka- Takka- Kokil Reva- Pancama- Bhāvanā- Nāga- Nāgatilaka Saindhava gupta Śadava Pancama Gāndhāra Pancama
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A group of 17 Rāgas, wrongly stated to be 20 in number:
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1. Śrī-rāga
2. Naṭṭa
3. Vāngāla
4. Bhāsā
5. Madhyamaśādava
6. Rakta-hāmsa
7. Kohla-hāsa
8. Prasava
9. Bhairavadvani
10. Megha-rāga
11. Soma-rāga
12. Kāmoda
13. Abhra (Āmra)- Pancama
14. Kandarpa
15. Deśākhya
16. Kaśikakakubha
17. Naṭṭa- Nārāyana
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15 JANAKA or "PARENT" RĀGAS.
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(on the authority of Yāstika).
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1. Souvīra
2. Kakubha
3. Takka
4. Pancama (Śuddha)
5. Bhinna- Pancama
6. Takka-Kaiśika
7. Hindola
8. Bhotta
9. Mālava-Kaiśika
10. Gāndhāra- Pancama
11. Bhinna-Sadja
12. Vesara- Sādava
13. Mālava-Pancama
14. Tāna
15. Pancama-Sādabha
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APPENDIX 10.
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CLASSIFICATION OF RĀGAS
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According to Sangīta-samaya-sāra by Pārśvadeva (circa 1250 A.D.). (The author does not name the major melodies (janaka-rāga) but only gives a classification of the derivative rāgas, aggregating 101 rāgas. Out of these he describes 44 rāgas).
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20 RĀGANGAS
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(Sampūrna) (Sādava) (Oudava)
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Madhyamādi Śankarābharana Todāī Deśī Hindola Śuddha-vangāla Āmra-panca Ghantā-rava Gūrjari-somarāga Mālavaśrī Dīpa-rāga Varāti Gouda Deśī Dhannāsi Deśākhya Bhairava Śrī-rāga Mārga-Hindola Gunda-kī
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47 BHĀṢĀNGAS
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| (Sampūrṇa) | (Ṣāḍava) | (Oudava) |
| Kaiśiki | Vrhat-dākṣinātyā | Nāgadvani |
| Velā-uli | Laghvīdākṣinātyā | Āhīri |
| Śuddha-varāṭi | Pourāḷī | Kāmvoji |
| Ādi-kāmoda | Bhinna-Pourāḷī | Puḷindi |
| Nāṭṭā | Madhukari | Kacchallī |
| Ābhīri | Ranganti | Cohārī-Gouḷī |
| | Goranji | Gāndhāra-gati |
| | Prathama-manjari | Lalitā |
| | Sāla-vāhini | Trāvani |
| | Naṭṭa-nārāyaṇa | Saindhava |
| | Utpaḷī | Domvaki |
| | Vegaṛanji | Saindhavi |
| | Taraṅgiṇī | Kālindi |
| | Dhvanī | Khasikā |
| | Nādāntari | |
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31 UPĀNGAS
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| (Sampūrṇa) | (Sādava) | (Oudava) |
| Saidhava-varāṭi | Sourāstra-GūrjarīBhairavi | Mahārāstra- | Chāyā-toddi |
| Antala-varāṭi | Dakṣiṇa-GūrjarīSamhala- | Gūrjarī | Deśāla-Gouda |
| Avasthāna-Varāṭi | Drāviḍa-Gūrjarī -Kamoda | Khambhāti | Turuska-Gouda |
| Drāviḍa-varāṭi | Karṇāta-Gouda (Simhala) | Gurunjī | Pratāpa-Velāuḷi |
| Pratāp-Varāṭi | Drāviḍa-Gouda Devāla | Rāma-kri | Pūrṇāta |
| Svara-varāṭi | Chāyā-Gouda Mahuṇ | Huṇji (kā) | Mad-hāra |
| Turuska-Toddi | Laulī-Gouda Chāyā-nāṭṭā | Bhallāṭi | |
| | | Mallāri | |
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3 KRIYĀNGAS
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| (Sampūrṇa) | (Sādava) |
| Devaki (Devakrī) | Svabhāvakri |
| (Trinetra-kri) | |
| Trinetraki | |
Appendix 11
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According to Rāga-sāgara, attributed to the joint authors Nārada & Dattila (Ms No. 1304, 13015 in the Govt. Or. Mss. Library, Madrass, Catalogue, Vol. XXII).
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1. BHAIRAVA
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1. Deva-kriyā | 2. Megha-rañjanî | 3. Kurañjî
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2. BHUPALA
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1. Vilaharî | 2. Malaharî | 3. Subhandî
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3. ŚRÎ RĀGA
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1. Mandālî | 2. Sāhulî | 3. Bhallātî
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4. PAṬAMANJARÎ
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1. Deśî | 2. Mukhātî | 3. Lalitā
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5 VASANTA
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1. Rāma-kriyā | 2. Varālî | 3. Goulî
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6. MĀLAVA-RĀGA
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1. Gundakriyā | 2. Ghurjarî(?) | 3. Palî
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7. VANGĀLA-RĀGA
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Linked texts (15)
- Saṅgītaratnākara — Śārṅgadeva, Sanskrit
- Nāṭyaśāstra — Bharata, Sanskrit
- Kāvyaprakāśa — Mammaṭa & Alaṭa, Sanskrit
- Bṛhaddeśī — Mataṅga, Sanskrit
- Dattilam — Dattila, Sanskrit
- Svaramelakalānidhi — Rāmāmātya 1550, Sanskrit
- Kāśyapadharmasūtra — Kaśyapa, Sanskrit
- Śārṅgadharapaddhati — Śārṅgadhara, Sanskrit
- Mānasollāsa (Abhilaṣitārthacintāmaṇi) — Someśvara III, Sanskrit
- Mataṅgapārameśvara — Sanskrit
- Saṅgītanārāyaṇa — Gajapati Vīrasrī Nārāyaṇadeva 1675, Sanskrit
- Saṅgītasamayasāra — Pārśvadeva, Sanskrit
- Saṅgītamakaranda — Nārada, Sanskrit
- Rāgataraṅgiṇī — Locana Paṇḍita 1706, Sanskrit
- Rāgavibodha — Somanātha 1584, Sanskrit