一切經音義 89

English (machine translation) 89

Language: English

89.1

Compiled by the Translation Śramaṇa Huilin

89.2

Sounds and Meanings of the Liang Dynasty's Gaoseng zhuan (Biographies of Eminent Monks)

89.4

Gaoseng zhuan, Fascicle 1 (Compiled by Huijiao; Sounds by Huilin)

鋒鏑 [fēngdí] (The first character has the fanqie peng + rong. Wen Ying's commentary on the Hanshu says: 'Fēng means sharp.' The Shuowen says: 'Fēng is the tip of a weapon's blade. It has the radical 金 [metal] and feng as phonetic.' 夆 has the same sound as above. The second character has the fanqie ding + li. The Guangya says: 'Dí is an arrowhead.' The Shuowen says: 'Dí is the sharp point of an arrow. It has the radical 金 [metal] and di as phonetic.' 啇 has the same sound as above).

89.6

蔡愔 [Cài Yīn] (The second character has the fanqie yi + zhen. The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Yīn means harmonious. It has the radical 心 [heart] and yin as phonetic.' Cai Yin is a personal name).

89.7

雒邑 [Luòyì] (The fanqie is lang + ge. Liu Xiang's Dianlüe says: 'The Han dynasty ruled by the virtue of Fire; as water was deemed a threat capable of overcoming Fire, the water radical was removed and replaced with 隹 [short-tailed bird]').

89.8

懟恨 [duìhèn] (The first character has the fanqie chui + lei. The Erya says: 'Duì means resentment.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 心 (heart) and dui as phonetic').

89.9

不悛 [bùquān] (The second character has the fanqie qu + xuan. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Quān means to reform.' The Shuowen says: 'Quān means to advance upward. It has the radical 心 (heart) and qun as phonetic.' 夋 has the fanqie qi + xun).

89.10

䢼亭湖 [Gōngtíng Hú] (The first character has the fanqie gong + long. The Yiyuan says: 'Gōng is the name of a town.' The Biography of Guo Pu in the Jinshu says: 'Gōng is also the name of a pavilion station.' The Junguo zhi notes, based on geographic records: 'Yuzhang Commandery has the Gongting Lake.' It was already explained in the previous sounds and meanings for the Neidian lu).

89.11

讚唄 [zànbài] (The first character has the fanqie zuo + dan. The Shiming says: 'Zàn means praising the excellence of a person.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Zàn is akin to extolling their fine virtue. It has the radical 言 [words] and zan as phonetic.' 贊 has the same sound as above. The second character has the fanqie pai + bai. The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Bài refers to chanting hymns with a Sanskrit voice. It has the radical 口 [mouth] and bei as phonetic').

89.12

長跽 [chángjì] (The second character has the fanqie qi + yi. The Zhuangzi says: 'Uprisen kneeling and bent bowing are the etiquette of a minister.' The Shuowen says: 'Jì means to kneel upright with the body erect. It has the radical 足 (foot) and ji as phonetic.' It is also written as [匕*其]).

89.13

一椷 [yījiān] (The second character has the fanqie xian + jian. The Guangya says: 'A casket is called a jiān.' The Shuowen says: 'A casket. It has the radical 木 (wood) and xian as phonetic.' In the biography it is written as 凾, a vulgar usage that is also an ancient character).

89.14

矛楯 [máodùn] (The first character has the fanqie jia + hou. Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says: 'A lance weapon.' The Kaogong ji says: 'A standard spear [qiúmáo] is four chǐ long.' The Shuowen says: 'A spear twenty chǐ long, mounted on a war chariot; a pictographic character.' In ancient script it was written with the radical 金 as 𨥨, or with the radical 戈 as 𢦵. In the biography it is written with 牟 as 鉾, with identical sound and gloss, being a vulgar character. The second character has the fanqie chun + zhun. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: 'A shield [dùn] is what serves as an enclosure and protection.' Note: A dùn is what is now called a shield-board. The Shuowen says: 'A dùn is a shield [dài], used to protect the body and shield the eyes; a pictographic character.' The character 𤟢 has the sound dài).

89.15

圖讖 [túchèn] (The first character has the fanqie du + nu. The Zuozhuan says: 'Tú means drawings and plans.' Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: 'Tú refers to statements evaluating achievements.' He's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: 'To calculate.' The Shuowen says: 'Tú means drawing plans to address difficulties. It has the radical 囗 and [圖-囗] as phonetic.' [圖-囗] has the sound tú, bearing the sense of difficulty; it is an associative transfer character. The second character has the fanqie chu + zen. The Cangjie pian says: 'Chèn means prognostic verification.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the radical 言 (words) and xian as phonetic.' 韱 has the sound qiān).

89.16

惛漠 (Confused and desolate; profound stillness): The first character is read fanqie *h[ū]-[k]ūn* [hūn]. Master Kong's commentary on the *Shangshu* states: '惛 (*hūn*) means confused.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '惛 means not understanding clearly; it is classified under the radical *xīn* (heart) with *hūn* (昏) phonetic.' 憭 is pronounced *liǎo*. The second character is read fanqie *m[áng]-[b]ó* [mò]. Zheng's commentary on the *Erya* states: '漠 (*mò*) refers to quiet contemplation.' The *Chuci* states: 'Wishing to be solitary and quiet, severing all beginnings.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '漠 refers to the northern dark and gloomy desert; it is classified under the radical *shuǐ* (water) with *mò* (莫) phonetic.'

89.17

鎗然 (Clanging; ringing sound): The first character is read fanqie *c[è]-[zh]ēng* [qiāng]. The *Zitong* states: '鎗鎗 (*qiāngqiāng*) is the sound of footsteps.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *jīn* (metal) with *cāng* (倉) phonetic.'

89.18

砧鎚 (Anvil and hammer): The first character is read fanqie *zh[í]-[l]ín* [zhēn]. Guo's commentary on the *Erya* states: '碪 (*zhēn*) refers to a block of wood for chopping.' The *Cangjiepian* states: 'It means an axe-block.' The *Kaosheng* states: 'A stone for pounding clothes; written with the stone radical as 碪, it is the same character as 砧.' The *Wenzi dian* states: 'It is classified under the radical *mù* (wood) with *shèn* (甚) phonetic.' Character books also write it with *zhī* (支) as [敲-高+(甚-儿+人)], or write it as 枮; their pronunciation and gloss are both the same. The second character is read fanqie *zh[uì]-[zh]uī* [chuí]. The *Fangyan* states: '鎚 (*chuí*) means heavy.' The *Kaosheng* states: 'An iron-headed mallet.' The *Wenzi dianshuo* states: 'It is classified under the radical *jīn* (metal) with *zhuī* (追) phonetic; it is also written with *chuí* (垂) as 錘, with the same pronunciation.' Transmission texts write it with the hand radical as 搥, which is a vulgar character.

89.19

苛虐 (Harsh and cruel): The first character is read fanqie *h[è]-[g]ē* [kē]. Jia Kui's commentary on the *Guoyu* states: '苛 (*kē*) means harsh.' The *Boya* states: 'It means anger.' The *Guangya* states: 'It means vexatious and cruel.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *cǎo* (grass) with *kě* (可) phonetic.' In transmitted texts it is written as 荷, which is incorrect.

89.20

孫綽 (Sun Chuo): The second character is read fanqie *ch[āng]-[y]uē* [chuò]. Sun Chuo, styled Xinggong, Palace Attendant of the Jin dynasty; a personal name.

89.21

欻然 (Suddenly): The first character is read fanqie *x[ūn]-[l]ǜ* [xū]. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '欻 (*xū*) means suddenly; it is classified under the radical *qiàn* (yawn) with *yán* (炎) phonetic.'

89.22

燉煌 (Dunhuang): The first character is read fanqie *d[ùn]-[h]ún* [dùn]. The second character has the sound of *huáng*. The *Hanshu* states: 'Dunhuang Commandery is Shazhou; it was established in the first year of Emperor Wu by dividing Jiuquan Commandery.' Du Lin's commentary states: 'Dunhuang was regarded as ancient Guazhou.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'Both characters of 燉煌 are classified under the radical *huǒ* (fire); they are phono-semantic characters.'

89.23

漱水 (Rinsing with water): The first character is read fanqie *s[āo]-[y]òu* [shù]. Character books state: '漱 (*shù*) means to agitate and surge.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '漱 means to wash and rinse the mouth; it is classified under the radical *shuǐ* (water) with *shuò* (欶) phonetic; it is also an associative compound.' 欶 is pronounced *shuò*.

89.24

汧陽縣 (Qianyang County): The first character is read fanqie *qi[ǎn]-[y]án* [qiān]. Ban Gu's *Rhapsody on the Western Capital* states: 'The Qian River gushes to its west.' The *Zilin* states: 'The Qian River emerges from Right Fufeng.' The *Zitong* states: 'The Qian River flows northwest into the Xiao, Han, and Wei rivers.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *shuǐ* (water) with *kāi* (幵) phonetic.' 幵 is pronounced *qiān*.

89.25

既㥲 (Already resentful): The second character is read fanqie *ch[ì]-[r]én* [chēn]. Character books state: 'Correctly written as 悳.' Gu Yewang states: '悳 (*chēn*) means angry resentment.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *xīn* (heart) with *zhēn* (真) phonetic.'

89.26

琅瑘王珉 (Wang Min of Langye): The first character is read fanqie *l[àng]-[d]āng* [láng]. The *Hanshu* states: 'Langye Commandery is modern Yizhou.' The last character is read fanqie *m[ì]-[b]īn* [mín]; a person's name. 彬 is read fanqie *b[ǐ]-[m]ín*.

89.27

金日磾 (Jin Midi): 日 has the sound *r[én]-[zh]ì* [mì]. The last character is read fanqie *d[ǐ]-[n]í* [dī]. The surname and personal name of a Palace Attendant of the Han dynasty.

89.28

髫年 (Childhood years): The first character is read fanqie *ti[án]-[y]áo* [tiáo]. The *Cangjiepian* states: '髫 (*tiáo*) refers to children's tufts of hair.' The *Wenzi jilüe* writes it with 周 as 䯾, meaning a small child's hair. The *Zitong* states: '髫 is hair styled as an ornament for small children.' The *Wenzi dianlüe* states: 'It is classified under the radical *biāo* (long hair) with *zhào* (召) phonetic; it is also written with the tooth radical as 齠.' 髦 is pronounced *máo*.

89.29

敷析 (To expound and analyze): The first character is read fanqie *f[ǔ]-[w]ú* [fū]. Master Kong's commentary on the *Shangshu* states: '敷 (*fū*) means to set forth.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *pū* (攴) with *fū* ([(甫-、)/方]) phonetic.' The second character is read fanqie *x[īng]-[j]ī* [xī]. Master Kong's commentary on the *Shangshu* states: '析 (*xī*) means to divide.' The *Wenzi dianshuo* states: 'It means to split; it is classified under the radical *mù* (wood) with *jīn* (斤) phonetic.' Transmitted texts write it as 㭊, which is a vulgar character.

89.30

Fascicle Two

89.31

倜儻 (Unrestrained and extraordinary): The first character is read fanqie *t[īng]-[l]ì* [tì]. The second character is read fanqie *t[āng]-[l]ǎng* [tǎng]. Sima Xiangru's *Fengshan shu* states: '倜儻 (*tìtǎng*) means exhausting all transformations.' Gu Yewang states: '倜儻 means standing out from the crowd.' The *Shiji* states: 'Fond of the extraordinary, grand, and untrammeled (倜儻),' which refers to this. The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'Both characters 倜儻 are classified under the radical *rén* (person), with *tì* (倜) and *dǎng* (黨) serving as phonetic components.'

89.32

淵粹 (Deep and pure): The first character is read fanqie *y[ī]-[x]uán* [yuān]. The second character is read fanqie *su[ī]-[zu]ì* [cuì]. Wang Bi's commentary on the *Zhouyi* states: 'It means refined and pure.' The *Guangya* states: 'It means pure.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '粹 (*cuì*) means unadulterated; it is classified under the radical *mǐ* (rice) with *zú* (卒) phonetic; it is also written with the eye radical as 睟, with the same pronunciation and meaning.'

89.33

研覈 (To examine and verify): The first character is read fanqie *ni[è]-[ji]ān* [yán]. The *Boya* states: '研 (*yán*) means considering thoroughly.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '研 means to grind; it is classified under the radical *shí* (stone) with *jiān* (幵) phonetic.' 幵 is pronounced *qiān*. It is also written with the hand radical as 揅 or as [(干*干)/皿], which are ancient characters; their pronunciation and gloss are both the same. The second character is read fanqie *h[éng]-[g]é* [hé]. The *Shenglei* states: '覈 (*hé*) means to scrutinize.' The *Hanshu* states: 'Let them investigate and verify it, strictly following ancient models.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'To examine actual facts; it is classified under the radical *yà* (西) with *jiào* (敫) phonetic.' 西 is read fanqie *h[ū]-[ji]à*; 敫 is pronounced *jī*.

89.34

勍敵 (A formidable enemy): The first character is read fanqie *j[ìng]-[y]íng* [qíng]. The *Picang* states: '勍 (*qíng*) means robust.' The *Guangya* states: 'It means martial.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is like strong; it is classified under the radical *lì* (strength) with *jīng* (京) phonetic.' The second character is read fanqie *t[íng]-[l]ì* [dí]. Du's commentary on the *Zuo tradition* states: '敵 (*dí*) means opponent, and also an equal match.' The *Erya* states: 'It means an equal match.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '敵 means to match; it is classified under the radical *pū* (攴) with *dí* (啇) phonetic.' 述 is pronounced like 求, also meaning to match or pair. 攴 is read fanqie *p[ǔ]-[b]ǔ*; 啇 is pronounced *dí*. Transmitted texts write it as 𰚇, which is a vulgar character.

89.35

狼狽 (In a plight; in disarray): The first character has the sound *láng*. The second character has the sound *bèi*. The *Wenzi jilüe* states: '狼狽 (*lángbèi*) means defeated and disordered.' The *Guiyuan zhucong* states: '狼狽 means hurried and alarmed.' The *Kaosheng* states: 'Sudden and hasty; also contrary and savage like a wolf.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'Both 狼 and 狽 are phono-semantic characters classified under the radical *quǎn* (dog).' 猝 is pronounced *cù*.

89.36

僅以 (Only by means of; barely): The first character has the sound *jìn* [jǐn]. The *Guangya* states: '僅 (*jǐn*) means few or barely.' He Xiu's commentary on the *Gongyang zhuan* states: '僅 means inferior/scarce.' Jia Kui's commentary on the *Guoyu* states: '僅 means barely able.' The *Shuowen jiezi* also states: 'It means barely able; it is classified under the radical *rén* (person) with *jǐn* (堇) phonetic.' 堇 is pronounced *jǐn*.

89.37

忘倦 (Forgetting fatigue): The first character has the sound *wáng*. Gu Yewang states: '忘 (*wàng*) means not remembering.' The second character is read fanqie *qu[án]-[ju]àn* [juàn]. Master Kong's commentary on the *Shangshu* states: '倦 (*juàn*) means remiss or tired.' The *Cangjiepian* states: '倦 means restricted/constrained.' The *Guangya* states: 'It means exhausted, and also to perish.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It means weary; it is classified under the radical *rén* (person) with *juǎn* (卷) phonetic.' The *Shenglei* writes it with the strength radical as 券; the *Boyā* writes it as 勌, which is also interchangeable.

89.38

紕僻 (Flawed and perverse): The first character is read fanqie *p[ǐ]-[m]í* [pī]. The *Liji* states: 'If a single matter is erroneous, the people will not obtain their proper end.' Zheng's commentary states: '紕 (*pī*) means mistaken.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *mì* (silk) with *bǐ* (比) phonetic.' 糸 is pronounced *mì*. The second character is read fanqie *p[īng]-[b]ì* [pì]. Zheng's commentary on the *Mao Poetry* states: '僻 (*pì*) means crooked and perverse.' Gu Yewang states: '僻 means acting crookedly without accord to principle.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '僻 means to evade; it is classified under the radical *rén* (person) with *bì* (辟) phonetic.'

89.39

僧䂮 (Sengruo): The second character is read fanqie *l[iáng]-[ru]ò* [ruò]; a monk's name. The *Kaosheng* states: '䂮 (*ruò*) means to sharpen a blade.'

89.40

僧叡 (Sengrui): Read fanqie *y[íng]-[gu]ì* [ruì]; a śramaṇa. Master Kong's commentary on the *Shangshu* states: '叡 (*ruì*) means wisdom.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is composed of 𣦻, of *mù* (eye), and of abbreviated *gǔ* (valley).' 𣦻 is pronounced *cán*.

89.41

歐噦 (Vomiting and belching): The first character is read fanqie *ōu-g[ǒu]* [ǒu]. The *Zuo tradition* states: 'Leaning over the rail, he vomited blood,' which refers to this. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '歐 (*ǒu*) is like spitting up; it is classified under the radical *qiàn* (yawn) with *qū* (區) phonetic.' 㢭 is pronounced *tāo*, or read fanqie *q[ū]-[h]óu*. The second character is read fanqie *yu[ān]-[yu]è* [yuè]. The *Liji* states: 'When a son attends his father, he does not dare to belch, sigh, sneeze, or cough.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '噦 (*yuè*) is like an upward surge of breath; it is classified under the radical *kǒu* (mouth) with *suì* (歲) phonetic.' 噫 is read fanqie *[è]-[ji]è*; 嚏 has the sound *dì*; 欬 is read fanqie *k[āi]-[g]ài*.

89.42

齎此 (Bestowing this; bringing this): The first character is read fanqie *j[ì]-[x]ī* [jī]. Zheng's commentary on the *Zhouli* states: '齎 (*jī*) refers to wealth used when travelling on the road.' His commentary on the *Liji* also states: '齎 is that which is supplied and given.' Gu Yewang states: 'It means to hold.' The *Guangya* states: 'It means to send.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'To hold and bequeath; it is classified under the radical *bèi* (cowrie) with *qí* (齊) phonetic.' Transmitted texts write it as 賷, which is a vulgar character.

89.43

棄諠 (Discarding clamour): The second character is read fanqie *xu[ān]-[yu]án* [xuān]; it is a vulgar character. Character books state: 'It is written with 雚 as 讙.' Zheng Xuan's commentary on the *Liji* states: '讙 (*huān*) is the sound of clamour.' The *Fangyan* states: '讙 means shouting.' The *Guangya* states: 'It means calling out.' The ancient script writes it with two mouth characters as 吅, meaning startled; its meaning is identical to both 諠 and 讙, and has already been explained above.

89.44

酬[利-禾+((對-寸)/口)] (Repaying and responding): The first character is read fanqie *sh[í]-[zh]ōu* [chóu]. The *Erya* states: '酬 (*chóu*) means to repay.' Guo's commentary states: '酬 means to reciprocate and answer.' Zheng's commentary on the *Liji* states: 'The word 酬 is equivalent to *zhōu* (周), referring to loyalty and trustworthiness being comprehensive.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'To offer; it is classified under the radical *yǒu* (wine vessel) with *zhōu* (州) phonetic.' In ancient script it was also written as 醻. Transmitted texts write it with the speech radical as 詶, which is a vulgar character. The second character is the correct form of 對 (*duì*); 丵 is read fanqie *sh[ì]-[ji]ǎo*. Transmitted texts write 對, which is a vulgar character.

89.45

妾媵 (Concubines and handmaids): The first character is read fanqie *qi[ān]-[y]è* [qiè]. Zheng's commentary on the *Liji* states: 'The word 妾 (*qiè*) is equivalent to *jiē* (接, to serve).' The *Baihu tong* states: 'It means being received for audience according to regular times.' 見 is read fanqie *xi[án]-[y]àn*. The *Wenzi dianshuo* states: 'It is classified under the radical *nǚ* (woman) and *lì* (stand); it is an associative compound.' The second character is read fanqie *sh[í]-[zh]èng* [yìng]. The *Erya* states: '媵 (*yìng*) means to escort.' He Xiu's commentary on the *Gongyang zhuan* states: '媵 refers to the nieces and younger sisters sent as escort-concubines.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *nǚ* (woman) with 𰮤 phonetic.' 姪 has the sound *dié*; 娣 has the sound *dì*.

89.46

棘林 (Bramble forest): The first character is read fanqie *j[īn]-[l]ì* [jí]. Zheng's commentary on the *Zhouli* states: '棘 (*jí*) is selected because it is red and has external thorns.' The commentary on the *Mao Poetry* states: '棘 is the sour jujube.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '棘 resembles the jujube and grows in thickets; it is an associative compound composed of two parallel 朿 (thorns).'

89.47

操筆 (Holding the brush): The first character is read fanqie *c[āng]-[d]āo* [cāo]. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '操 (*cāo*) means to grasp and hold; it is classified under the radical *shǒu* (hand) with *zào* (喿) phonetic.' 喿 is pronounced *zào*. The second character is read fanqie *b[ēi]-[m]ì* [bǐ]. Guo's commentary on the *Erya* states: 'The people of Shu call the writing brush *bulü*.' The *Shiji* states: 'Meng Tian invented the writing brush.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *zhú* (bamboo) with *yù* (聿) phonetic.' Transmitted texts write it with the hair radical as 笔, which is incorrect. 恬 is read fanqie *di[é]-[ji]ān*.

89.48

與䞋 (Giving dakṣiṇā): The second character is read fanqie *ch[ǔ]-[j]ìn* [chèn]; it is the same character as 嚫, which refers to money offered as donations (dakṣiṇā) to the monks.

89.49

太子泓 (Crown Prince Hong): The second character is read fanqie *[è]-[h]óng* [hóng]; a person's name. The *Boya* states: '泓 (*hóng*) is the appearance of deep water.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'Deep water below; it is classified under the radical *shuǐ* (water) with *hóng* (弘) phonetic.'

89.50

于闐 (Khotan): The second character is read fanqie *ti[án]-[li]àn* [tián]; a barbarian word, the name of a Western country. It is now located more than two thousand li south of Anxi, belonging under the administration of Anxi. It is classified under the radical *mén* (gate) with *zhēn* (真) phonetic. Transmitted texts write it as 填.

89.51

詭滑 (Deceitful and crafty): The first character is read fanqie *gu[ī]-[w]ěi* [guǐ]. The *Mao Poetry* states: 'Do not follow the deceitful and compliant.' Zheng's commentary states: 'Do not indulge deceit and follow others in doing evil.' The *Huainanzi* states: 'Su Qin used a hundred deceits to achieve one trust.' Xu Shuzhong (Xu Shen) says: '詭 (*guǐ*) is like remiss/deceitful.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It means to reproach; it is classified under the radical *yán* (speech) with *wēi* (危) phonetic.' The second character is read fanqie *hu[án]-[b]ā* [huá]. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '滑 (*huá*) means slippery/crafty; it is classified under the radical *shuǐ* (water) with *gǔ* (骨) phonetic.'

89.52

謗讟 (Slander and revilement): The first character is read fanqie *b[ó]-[l]àng* [bàng]. Du's commentary on the *Zuo tradition* states: '謗 (*bàng*) means to defame.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *yán* (speech) with *páng* (旁) phonetic.' The second character is read fanqie *t[óng]-[l]ù* [dú]. The *Fangyan* states: '讟 (*dú*) means sorrow/resentment.' The *Guangya* states: 'It means evil.' Du's commentary on the *Zuo tradition* states: 'It means to slander.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '讟 means resentful grief; it is classified under the radical *jiàn* (誩) with *mài* (賣) phonetic.' Transmitted texts write it with the black radical as 黷, which is incorrect. 誩 is pronounced *jìng*.

89.53

五舶 (Five ocean-going ships): The second character has the sound *bái* [bó]. The *Zhuangzi* states: 'Using water for boats, they are called the boats of Wei, the Great White.' Sima Biao's commentary states: 'The Great White is also a name for a ship.' The *Guangya* states: '舶 (*bó*) means a boat.' The *Cangjiepian* states: '舶 is a large ship.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *zhōu* (boat) with *bái* (白) phonetic.'

89.54

傭織毾 (Hired to weave rugs): The first character is read fanqie *y[ǒng]-[zh]ōng* [yōng]. The *Mengzi* states: '傭 (*yōng*) means serving as hired labour.' Gu Yewang states: 'To expend physical labour and receive payment is called *yōng*.' The *Guangya* states: '傭 means to employ.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: '傭 refers to one who sells labour to others; it is classified under the radical *rén* (person) with *yōng* (庸) phonetic.' The third character is read fanqie *t[ān]-[d]á* [tà]. The *Picang* states: '毾㲪 (*tàdēng*) refers to woollen carpets.' The *Shiming* states: '毾㲪 are carpets spread over small couches placed in front of large beds.' The *Kaosheng* states: '毾㲪 refers to patterned woollen weaving from the Western Regions.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *máo* (wool) with [日/羽] phonetic.' [日/羽] has the same sound as above; 㲪 is pronounced *dēng*.

89.55

慙悟 (Shame and awakening): The first character is read fanqie *z[á]-[g]ān* [cán]. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '慙 (*cán*) means ashamed; it is classified under the radical *xīn* (heart) with *zhǎn* (斬) phonetic.' The second character is read fanqie *w[ú]-[g]ù* [wù]. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '悟 (*wù*) means to awaken; it is like understanding clearly; it is classified under the radical *xīn* (heart) with *wú* (吾) phonetic.' Transmitted texts write 慚誤, which is also interchangeable. 憭 is pronounced *liǎo*.

89.56

託跋燾 (Tuoba Tao): The second character is read fanqie *p[án]-[m]ò* [bá]. The third character has the sound *dào*. The name of the third ruler of the Northern Wei dynasty.

89.57

𧮃於 (At ease in): Read fanqie *y[ān]-[ji]àn* [yàn]. The commentary on the *Mao Poetry* states: '𧮃 (*yàn*) means peace/ease.' It is also written as 宴, which is interchangeable.

89.58

Fascicle Three

89.59

髫齔 (Tender youth; childhood): The first character has the sound *tiáo*; it has already been glossed in Fascicle One. The second character is read fanqie *f[àn]-[j]ǐn* [chèn]. Zheng's commentary on the *Zhouli* states: '齔 (*chèn*) refers to boys shedding teeth at age eight and girls at age seven.' The *Zitong* states: 'A girl grows teeth at seven months and sheds teeth (齔) at seven years; a boy grows teeth at eight months and sheds teeth at eight years.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *chǐ* (tooth) with *qī* (七) phonetic.'

89.60

舛闕 (Discrepancies and lacunae): The first character is read fanqie *chu[ān]-[y]ǎn* [chuǎn]. Sima Biao's commentary on the *Zhuangzi* states: 'Erroneous and contradictory words.' Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the *Huainanzi* states: '舛 (*chuǎn*) means turned against one another.' Gu Yewang states: 'Irregular and uneven.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '舛 means lying feet-to-feet; it is composed of 夕 and [(巨-匚)*(十/十)] back to back; it is an associative compound.' Transmitted texts write 舛, which is acceptable.

89.61

躡懸縆 (Treading on suspended ropes): The first character is read fanqie *n[í]-[zh]é* [niè]. The *Fangyan* states: '躡 (*niè*) means to ascend.' The *Cangjiepian* states: '躡 means to extend.' Resembling a clear rainbow curving boldly across empty space, stretching a rope across to traverse directly is called *gēng*. Transmitted texts write it with the tripod radical as 踾, which is a scribal error and incorrect. The third character is read fanqie *g[èn]-[h]éng* [gēng]. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '縆 (*gēng*) means a heavy cord; it is classified under the radical *mì* (silk) with *héng* (恒) phonetic.' It is also written with the wood radical as 𣕲, signifying violent intensity.

89.62

噤戰 (Shivering with clenched mouth): The first character is read fanqie *q[ín]-[y]ǐn* [jìn]. The *Chuci* states: '噤 (*jìn*) means keeping the mouth shut without speaking.' Wang Yi's commentary on the *Chuci* states: 'Closing the mouth is called *jìn*.' The *Shuowen jiezi* states: 'It is classified under the radical *kǒu* (mouth) with *jìn* (禁) phonetic.' It is also written as 唫.

89.63

來蹲 (Coming and crouching): The second character is read fanqie *c[ú]-[k]ūn* [cún]. The *Huainanzi* states: '蹲 (*dūn*/*cún*) means squatting.' Du's commentary on the *Zuo tradition* states: 'Sitting bunched together.' The *Shuowen jiezi* also states: 'It means squatting; it is classified under the radical *zú* (foot) with *zūn* (尊) phonetic.'

89.64

舓脣 (Licking the lips): The first character is read fanqie *sh[í]-[ě]r* [shì]. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: '舓 (*shì*) means taking things with the tongue; it is classified under the radical *shé* (tongue) with *yì* (易) phonetic.' It is also written with the radical *shì* (氏) as 舐.

89.65

Deeply obstructed (for the first [character 幽], y- + [y]ou [yōu]; the commentary to the Mao classic of Poetry says: “'You' means deep and distant.” It also says: “It means black.” The Erya says: “Border / boundary.” The Shuowen says: “'You' means concealed. It follows 𢆶 and follows 山 (mountain); it is a compound ideograph.” 𢆶 has the same sound. For the second [character 梗], g- + [x]ing [gěng]; Zhuangzi says: “'Geng' means obstructed.” The Shuowen says: “Mountain elm wood, which can be made into wuyi [seasoning]; it is also like straight. It follows 木 (wood) and has 更 as its phonetic.”).

89.66

Eminent and far-reaching (for the first [character 儁], z- + [j]un [jùn]; Du's commentary to the Zuo commentary says: “'Jun' means exceptional and extraordinary.” The Kaosheng says: “Talent surpassing a thousand men.” The Gujin zhengzi gives it as following 人 (person) with 雋 as its phonetic; it is also written as 俊; 雋 is pronounced q- + [y]an [quǎn]).

89.67

A basin containing curds (for the first [character 盂], pronounced yu [yú]; the Fangyan says: “A bowl is called a 'yu'; it refers to those bowls that are large and have no feet.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 皿 (vessel) and has 于 as its phonetic.” For [the character] 盛, pronounced cheng [chéng]; Zheng's commentary to the Rites of Zhou says: “Being in a vessel is called 'cheng'.” The Shuowen says: “A vessel for millet; it follows 皿 (vessel) and has 成 as its phonetic.” For the last [character 酪], l- + [g]e [luò]; the Book of Rites says: “Taking it to make sweet wine and curds.” Zheng's commentary says: “Curds are vinegar/fermented drinks.” The Shiming says: “Curds are made of milk.” The Gujin zhengzi gives it as following 酉 and having 各 as its phonetic. 醴 is pronounced li [lǐ]; 𧟭 is pronounced zai [zài]).

89.68

Flustered and hurried (for the first [character 遑], pronounced huang [huáng]; the Cang Jie pian says: “'Huang' means terrified.” The Guangya says: “Frightened.” The Gujin zhengzi gives it as following 辵 with 皇 as its phonetic; it is also written with the heart radical as 惶; their gloss and usage are both the same. For the second [character 遽], q- + [y]u [jù]; Du's commentary to the Zuo commentary says: “'Ju' means fearing and dreading.” Zheng's commentary to the Book of Rites says: “'Ju' is like sudden.” The Kaosheng says: “Swift and hurried.” The Gujin zhengzi gives it as following 辵 with 豦 as its phonetic. 猝 is pronounced c- + [g]u [cù]; 辵 is pronounced ch- + [l]ue [chuò]. In the text it is written as 懅, which is the same).

89.69

Exerting effort (for the first [character 勔], m- + [b]ian [miǎn]; the second [character 俛] is pronounced mian [miǎn]; the commentary to the Mao classic of Poetry says: “'Mianmian' means exerting strength.” The Guiyuan zhucong also says: “To make an effort.” The Kaosheng says: “'Mianmian' is like untiring.” The Gujin zhengzi gives both as phono-semantic characters following 力 (strength) with 面 as their phonetic. In the transmission text it is written following 黽 as 僶, which is interchangeable).

89.70

Embers and ashes (for the first [character 煨], w- + [h]ui [wēi]; the Guangya says: “'Wei' is like smouldering fire.” The Shuowen says: “'Wei' is fire within a basin. It follows 火 (fire) and has 畏 as its phonetic.” For the second [character 燼], c- + [j]in [jìn]; this is a vulgar character; the standard form follows 火 (fire) as 燼. The Fangyan says: “'Jin' is like leftover fire.” Du's commentary to the Zuo commentary says: “'Jin' is wood remaining after being burned by fire.” Therefore, the Imperial Commentary to the Classic of Filial Piety Preface says: “How much more so when destroyed under Qin, what was obtained was all the remnants of embers and ashes.” The Shuowen gives it following 火 (fire) as 燼, with an abbreviated 盡 as phonetic).

89.71

Resting (for the first [character], s- + [d]an [sàn]; it follows 肉 with 㪔 as phonetic. For the second [character 憩], q- + [y]i [qì]; the Yunying says: “'Qi' means resting.”).

89.72

To achieve victory (for the first [character 克], 'ke' is like able; the Erya says: “To overcome.” In the transmission text it is written following 刀 as 剋, which is the same. For the second [character 捷], q- + [y]e [jié]; the commentary to the Mao classic of Poetry says: “'Jie' means victory.” Du's commentary to the Zuo commentary says: “'Jie' also means overcoming.” The Kaosheng says: “Overcoming in battle is called 'jie'.” The Shuowen says: “'Jie' means catching / taking. It follows 手 (hand) and has 疌 as its phonetic.” 疌 has the same sound).

89.73

Retinue arrives (q- + [n]ian [qiàn]; the Yunying says: “'Qian' means to follow / attend. It follows 人 (person) and has 兼 as its phonetic.”).

89.74

Earnest and sorrowful (for the first [character 懇], k- + [h]en [kěn]; Zheng's commentary to the Rites of Zhou says: “'Ken' is the appearance of firmness and endurance.” The Book of Rites, Tangong Part 1, says: “Earnest to the utmost.” The Kaosheng says: “'Ken' means utmost sincerity.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 心 (heart) and has 豤 as its phonetic.” 豤 is pronounced k- + [w]en [kěn]. For the second [character 惻], ch- + [s]e [cè]; the Guangya says: “'Ce' means grieved.” The Shuowen says: “Painful. It follows 心 (heart) and has 則 as its phonetic.”).

89.75

Common people (for the first [character 黔], j- + [y]an [qián]; Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Book of Rites says: “The black-headed are the common people.” The Shiji says: “In the twenty-sixth year of the First Emperor, the common people were renamed 'black-headed' (qianshou).” The Shuowen says: “'Qian' means black and dark. It follows 黑 (black) and has 今 as its phonetic.”).

89.76

Utmost sincerity (for the first [character 悃], k- + [b]en [kǔn]; for the second [character 愊], b- + [b]i [bì]; Wang Yi's commentary to the Songs of Chu says: “'Kun' means purity of purpose.” The Guangya says: “Utmost.” Zhang Yan's commentary to the Book of Han says: “'Kunbi' is like utmost sincerity.” The Shuowen says: “Fullness of utmost sincerity is called 'kunbi'.” Both characters follow 心 (heart), with 困 and 畐 as their respective phonetics).

89.77

Towering high (for the first [character 聳], l- + [y]ong [sǒng]; Guo's commentary to the Fangyan says: “'Song' is like high.” It is also written as 竦; Zhuangzi says: “Standing upright and high.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 耳 (ear) and has 從 as its phonetic.” For the second [character 峙], ch- + [l]i [zhì]; the Kaosheng says: “'Zhi' means a mountain standing uniquely solitary.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 止 with 寺 as its phonetic.” In the transmission text it is written following 山 as 峙, which is common usage).

89.78

Mao County (for the first [character 鄮], m- + [h]ou [mào]; the Book of Han notes that Kuaiji Commandery had a Mao County; it is a place name. It follows 邑 (settlement) and has 賈 as its phonetic).

89.79

Shanshan (pronounced shan [shàn]; the name of a barbarian state west of the desert; today it is the Eastern Protectorate Karasahr (Yanqi) of the Four Garrisons of Anxi, seven hundred li west from Anxi).

89.80

To cast off the hairpin (for the second [character 簪], z- + [s]en [zān]; the Jixun says: “The jade hairpin inside the headcap; it connects to the headcap so that it does not fall off.” The Shuowen writes it as 兂: “A hairpin for the head; a pictograph.” In the transmission text it is written as 簪, which is a vulgar character).

89.81

Fire ship (for the second [character 艦], x- + [y]an [jiàn]; the Guangya says: “A 'jian' is a boat.” The Picang says: “A 'jian' is a boat with planked cabins.” The Kaosheng says: “A 'fire jian' refers to a warship.” The Gujin zhengzi says: “A 'jian' refers to a boat with multiple storeys upper and lower; it follows 舟 (boat) and has 監 as its phonetic.”).

89.82

Commanding to cross (the first [character 命], m- + [b]ing [mìng]; in the transmission text it is erroneously written as 令, which is incorrect. For the second [character 濟], j- + [j]i [jì]; Kong's commentary to the Book of Documents says: “'Ji' is like crossing over.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 水 (water) and has 齊 as its phonetic.” In ancient script it is written as 㴉, with the same sound and gloss. In the transmission text it is written as 濟, which is a vulgar character).

89.83

Water regulation (for the second [character 齊], q- + [x]i [jì]; Zheng's commentary to the Rites of Zhou says: “To regulate according to measure is called 'ji'.” The Kaosheng says: “The [character] 劑 for portions and divisions follows 刀 (knife); in the transmission text it is written [as 齊] as a loan character).

89.84

Deep and swift (for the second [character 駛], sh- + [sh]i [shǐ]; the Cang Jie pian says: “'Shi' is like hasty and rapid.” The Wenzidian shuo says: “'Shi' refers to a horse running swiftly.” The Gujin zhengzi gives it as following 馬 (horse) with 史 as its phonetic).

89.85

Prince of Qiao (for the first [character 譙], c- + [x]iao [qiáo]; according to the Book of Han, Pei Commandery had a Qiao County, which was the fief of the Prince of Qiao. The Shuowen says: “It follows 言 (speech) and has 焦 as its phonetic.”).

89.86

Familiar with and thoroughly investigated (for the first [character 諳], a- + [h]an [ān]; the Guangya says: “'An' means to recite.” The Picang says: “To chant.” The Dongguan Hanji says: “All were familiar with and fully knew the accounts.” The Kaosheng says: “'An' means to remember.” The Gujin zhengzi gives it as following 言 (speech) with 音 as its phonetic; it is also written as 論. For the second [character 究], j- + [y]ou [jiù]; the commentary to the Mao classic of Poetry says: “'Jiu' means to exhaust.” Guo's commentary to the Erya says: “To end.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 穴 (cave) with 九 as its phonetic.”).

89.87

Alternately (for the first [character 迭], d- + [j]ie [dié]; Guo's commentary to the Fangyan says: “'Die' is like substituting.” The Shuowen also says: “To alternate. It follows 辵 with 失 as its phonetic.” 辵 is pronounced ch- + [l]ue [chuò]. The Shenglei gives it following 足 (foot) as 趺跌 [diédié], which means stumbling, not this meaning).

89.88

Crucial pivot (ch- + [zh]u [shū]; Guo's commentary to the Erya says: “The pivot of a door leaf.” The Guangya says: “The root.” Han Kangbo's commentary to the Book of Changes says: “The pivot is the master that controls movement.” The preface to the Classic of Filial Piety says: “And grasps its crucial pivot.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 木 (wood) with 區 as its phonetic.”).

89.89

To chant and sing (for the first [character 揜], y- + [y]an [yǎn]; the commentary to the Mao classic of Poetry says: “'Yan' means to stroke.” Character dictionaries give it as 奄, or following 手 (hand) as 掩, with the same gloss and meaning. The Shuowen says: “'Yan' means to cover and collect. It follows 手 (hand) with 弇 as its phonetic.” 弇 has the same pronunciation as above).

89.90

Fascicle Four

89.91

Towering and preeminent (for the second [character 犖], l- + [j]iao [luò]; Ban Gu's Western Capital Rhapsody says: “Towering and preeminent over the various Xia.” Lü Yanji's commentary says: “'Zhuoluo' means transcendent and extraordinary.” The Kaosheng says: “'Zhuoluo' is the appearance of being high.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 牛 (ox) and an abbreviated form of 勞 as phonetic.”).

89.92

Yu Ai (for the second [character 敱], y- + [h]ai [ái]; the name of a lofty scholar of Yingchuan. The Zuo commentary says: “The Gaoyang clan had eight talented sons, of the sort of Tui'ai.” The Shuowen says: “'Ai' means that which is governed. It follows 文 with 豈 as phonetic.”).

89.93

Reverberation (for the first [character 肸], x- + [y]ue [xī]; Yang Xiong's Ganquan Rhapsody says: “Reverberating and flourishing.” Liu Liang's commentary says: “'Xixiang' means spreading out and pouring forth.” Mencius says: “The sound and echo spread everywhere.” The Shuowen gives it following 八 and 肉 as 𰮀: “Blood vessels moving faintly within the flesh.” Now, 'xiang' is a responding sound; when a sound goes out and echoes back from high cliffs and large buildings, it is called an echo. The note says: 'The sound spreads far.'”).

89.94

Holding a deer-tail chowry (for the first [character 執], the standard form of 'zhi' follows 失 and [((嘹-口)-小)-日+(工/十)]; [((嘹-口)-小)-日+(工/十)] is also phonetic. 失 is pronounced ji [jí]; [((嘹-口)-小)-日+(工/十)] is pronounced n- + [sh]e [niè]. Next, for [the character 麈], zh- + [y]u [zhǔ]; Guo's commentary to the Classic of Mountains and Seas says: “The 'zhu' is like a deer but larger.” The Shenglei says: “The deer tail can be made into a fan.” The Book of Jin says: “Wang Yifu once held a deer-tail chowry with a jade handle, indistinguishable from his hand.” The Shuowen says: “The 'zhu' belongs to the deer family; it is large and has one horn. It follows 鹿 (deer) with 主 as phonetic.” The last [character 㞑] is the standard character for tail [尾]).

89.95

Purging and washing (pronounced tai [tài]; the Guangya says: “'Tai' means washing and refining.” 'Shatai' means removing bad matter).

89.96

Roaming and hunting (for the second [character 獵], l- + [zh]e [liè]; Zheng's笺 to the Mao classic of Poetry says: “Night hunting is called 'lie'.” Jia's commentary to the Guoyu says: “'Lie' is like taking.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 犬 (dog) with 巤 as its phonetic.” In the transmission text it is written as 獦, which is the same).

89.97

Chiselling a hole (for the first [character 鑿], pronounced zuo [záo]; the Shuowen says: “'Zao' follows 金 (metal), follows 丵, follows 臼, and follows 殳.” This has already been explained previously. 丵 is pronounced sh- + [j]iao [zhuó]; 殳 is pronounced shu [shū]. For the second [character 穴], x- + [j]ue [xuè]).

89.98

Wearing clogs (for the first [character 著], zh- + [l]ue [zhuó]; for the second [character 屐], q- + [j]i [jī]; the Kongcongzi says: “Wearing high-topped square shoes to meet the Lord of Pingyuan,” which is this. Zhuangzi treats 'ji' and 'jue' as footwear, referring to today's shoes with teeth. The Shuowen says: “Shoes are called 'jue'; it follows an abbreviated 履 with 支 as phonetic.”).

89.99

Mount Shan (for the first [character 剡], sh- + [r]an [shàn]; Mount Shan is the name of a mountain in Shan County, Yuezhou, today).

89.100

Teasing him (for the first [character 嘲], zh- + [j]iao [cháo]; the Cang Jie pian says: “'Chao' means to tease.” Gu Yewang says: “'Chao' refers to playfully bantering with each other.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 口 (mouth) with 朝 as phonetic.”).

89.101

Funeral contribution money (for the first [character 賻], f- + [w]u [fù]; Zheng's commentary to the Rites of Zhou says: “Giving a 'fu' to a bereaved family means assisting their insufficiency.” The Guliang commentary says: “What is presented for the dead to give to the living is called 'fu'.” The Gujin zhengzi gives it as following 貝 (cowry) with 尃 as phonetic. 尃 is pronounced pu [pū]; 𮚐 is pronounced f- + [f]eng [fèng]).

89.102

Literary talent (for the second [character 藻], z- + [l]ao [zǎo]; Kong's commentary to the Book of Documents says: “'Zao' is water grass that has patterns.” The commentary to the Mao classic of Poetry says: “'Zao' is a water vegetable.” Examining 'caizao' (talent and embellishment), it means a person's talent is like the patterns of aquatic plants. The Gujin zhengzi gives it as following 草 (grass) with 喿 as phonetic. 喿 is pronounced z- + [d]ao [zào]. The Shuowen gives it following 玉 (jade) as 澡, with the same meaning).

89.103

Swift and fleet (for the first [character 駿], z- + [j]un [jùn]; Guo's commentary to the Tale of King Mu says: “'Jun' is a fine designation for a horse.” Guo's commentary to the Erya says: “'Jun' is like rapid; it also means swift.” The Shuowen says: “An excellent and talented horse; it follows 馬 (horse) with 夋 as phonetic.” 夋 is pronounced q- + [x]un [qūn]).

89.104

Jie and Zhi (for the first [character 桀], q- + [n]ie [jié]; the Kaosheng says: “Jie is the posthumous title of the sovereign of the Xia dynasty.” Kong's commentary to the Book of Documents says: “Jie had his capital at Anyi.” The Rules of Posthumous Titles state: “One who harms people and has many burdens is called Jie.” Liu Xi says: “Burdening worthy men with evil rebelliousness; Summer Jie was imprisoned and so this was made his posthumous title.” The Shuowen says: “'Jie' means outstanding; it follows 夕 and follows 井; guilt resting upon wood.” 夕 is pronounced sui [suī]; 井 is pronounced q- [qiè]. For the second [character 蹠], zh- + [y]i [zhí]; Zhuangzi says: “Robber Zhi was an evil person.” The Shuowen says: “Taking goods and wealth for private benefit is called 'robbery'.” The Yupian says: “'Zhi' is the bottom of the foot; now it is also used as this character.” Jie was a ruler who lost his state; Zhi was Robber Zhi; they are of the kind of ferocious men).

89.105

Awaiting your arrival (for the first [character 遲], ch- + [e]r [chí]; the Shuowen gives the standard form as 遟, following 牛 with an abbreviated 尾 as phonetic. In the transmission text it is written as 遅, which is a vulgar character).

89.106

To announce and display (for the first [character 摽], b- + [x]iao [biāo]; Sima Biao's commentary to Zhuangzi says: “The origin is marked out.” The Strategies of the Warring States says: “Raising the marker very high.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 手 (hand) with 票 as phonetic.” 票 is pronounced b- + [y]ao [biāo]. For the second [character 揭], ch- + [n]ie [jiē]; Zheng's commentary to the Rites of Zhou says: “An outward sign is called a 'jie'.” Gu Yewang says: “'Biao' means posting a marker to record it.” 識 is pronounced zhi [zhì]. The Shuowen says: “'Jie' is like raising high; it follows 手 (hand) with 曷 as phonetic.”).

89.107

Faint and minute (w- + [f]ei [wěi]; Liu Xian's commentary to the Book of Changes says: “'Weiwei' is like subtle/faint.” The commentary to the Mao classic of Poetry says: “To make an effort.” The Han Poetry Outer Commentary says: “To advance.” The Songs of Chu says: “To exert effort and restrain within.” The Gujin zhengzi gives it as following 酉 and an abbreviated form of 爨).

89.108

Holding the two portents (for the first [character 秉], b- + [m]in [bǐng]; the commentary to the Mao classic of Poetry says: “'Bing' means to grasp; it also says: to embrace.” Jia Kui's commentary to the Guoyu says: “'Bing' is like holding.” The Guangya says: “To hold.” The Shuowen says: “'Bing' means stalks of grain; it follows 又 holding 禾; a compound ideograph.” In the transmission text it is written as 乘, which is a scribal error).

89.109

Spiritual pattern (m- + [b]u [mú]; the Picang says: “To model the shape of an object.” The Guangya also says: “A shape and pattern.” The Shuowen says: “A standard / method; it follows 木 (wood) with 莫 as phonetic.” In the transmission text it is written with the hand radical as 摸, which is interchangeably used).

89.110

Equal in lifespan (for the second [character 齡], l- + [d]ing [líng]; the Guangya says: “'Ling' means years.” Zheng's commentary to the Book of Rites says: “'Ling' refers to teeth, the measure of human longevity.” The Shuowen says: “It follows 齒 (teeth) with 令 as phonetic.” Examining the transmission text, 'equalling the age of the two poles' means longevity equal to Heaven and Earth).

89.111

Demonic slander (for the first [character 祅], y- + [j]iao [yāo]; the Kaosheng says: “Earthly anomalies; ghosts and spectres.” It is also written following 言 as 訞. The Shuowen says: “It follows 示 with 芺 as phonetic.” 芺 has the same sound as above. In the transmission it is written following 女 as 妖, which is interchangeable. For the second [character 誣], pronounced wu [wū]; Du's commentary to the Zuo commentary says: “'Wu' means deception.” Zheng's commentary to the Book of Rites says: “Delusion; adding slander.” The Shuowen says: “Adding false words; it follows 言 (speech) with 巫 as phonetic.” Both are phono-semantic characters).

89.112

Pray at mounds (丘禱: the second character has the fanqie 刀 + 老. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: "Seeking blessings is called dǎo." Bao [Xian's] commentary on the Analects says: "Dǎo is praying to ghosts and spirits." The text of the Records says: "Announcing affairs to seek blessings." It takes 示 as semantic classifier and 壽 as phonetic component; 示 is pronounced qí).

89.113

Shake the grand reins (奮宏轡: the first character has the fanqie 分 + 問. Ma Rong's commentary on the Book of Documents says: "Fèn means to manifest clearly." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Fèn means to spread wings and take flight." It takes 奞 above 田 as an associative compound; 奞 is pronounced suī. The third character has the fanqie 悲 + 媚. The Classic of Poetry says: "Holding the reins like silk cords." Gu Yewang says: "Pèi is that by which one controls horses harnessed to a carriage." Moreover, pèi means horse bridles. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Pèi means horse reins." It takes 絲 and 軎 as an associative compound; 軎 is pronounced wèi).

89.114

Rinse with the current (漱流: the first character has the fanqie 搜 + 又. The Yunying says: "To wash out the mouth." The Yunquan says: "Holding water in the mouth to rinse between the teeth." Here, "rinsing with the current" refers to studying the Way in the mountains, ingesting pine [needles] and wood, and drinking and rinsing with a long stream to nourish one's natural lifespan, cutting off human affairs to delight in one's path. It takes 水 as semantic classifier and 欶 as phonetic component).

89.115

Tattered rags (襤縷: the first character has the fanqie 臘 + 躭. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Analects says: "Lán means quilted hemp wadding." Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Book of Rites says that quilted wadding is also floss silk; it also says it means old hemp refuse. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 縕, taking 絲 as semantic classifier and 昷 as phonetic component; 昷 is pronounced wēn. The second character has the fanqie 龍 + 女. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Lǚ means patterned silk ribbon." It takes 糸 as semantic classifier and 婁 as phonetic component; 婁 is pronounced lóu).

89.116

Respectful and uneasy (踧踖: the first character has the fanqie 子 + 育. The second character has the fanqie 精 + 亦. The Kaosheng says: "Cùjí means walking without advancing." The Guangya says: "In awe and reverent." Ma Rong's commentary on the Analects says: "An appearance of reverent respect." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Cùjí means walking evenly and easily." Both characters take 足 as semantic classifier, with 叔 and 昔 as their respective phonetic components. The transmitted text writes it as 跗, which is a vulgar character).

89.117

Shell breaks and chicks walk ([穀-(一/禾)+(夕*ㄗ)]破雛行: the first character has the fanqie 控 + 缶. The Guiyuan zhucong says: "殻 means the outer skin of an egg." The Gujin zhengzi takes 夘 as semantic classifier and 殼 as phonetic component; 殼 has the same sound as above. The transmitted text writes it as 殼, a vulgar character. The third character has the fanqie 鋤 + 娛. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "Chicks are those that feed themselves when hatched." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A chick is a young bird." It takes 隹 as semantic classifier and 芻 as phonetic component; 芻 has the fanqie 楚 + 俱. The large seal script writes it as 鶵; the transmitted text writes 雛, which is interchangeable).

89.118

Yuyao dock (餘姚塢: the third character has the fanqie 烏 + 古. The Zitong says: "A wù is an ancient fort." The Shuowen jiezi writes it with 𨸏 as 隖, meaning a small rampart. The transmitted text writes it with 土 as 塢, which is a vulgar character).

89.119

Unusual conduct (異操: the second character has the fanqie 倉 + 誥. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "Cào is like will or aspiration." Gu Yewang says: "Holding one's aspiration firm and upright is called cào." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Cāo means to embrace and hold." It takes 手 as semantic classifier and 喿 as phonetic component; 喿 has the fanqie 先 + 到).

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一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese