續一切經音義 7
English (machine translation) 7
- Language
- English
7.1
Compiled by the Śramaṇa Xilin of Chongren Monastery in Yanjing.
7.2
Continued Pronunciation and Meaning for:
Benevolent Kings Prajñāpāramitā Recitation Ritual, one fascicle (only glossing characters in the preface)
Yoga Lotus Section Recitation Method, one fascicle
Vajraśekhara Yoga Homa Ritual, one fascicle
Avalokiteśvara Tārā Recitation Ritual, one fascicle
Avalokiteśvara Cintāmaṇicakra Bodhisattva Recitation Method, one fascicle
Amṛtakuṇḍalī Bodhisattva Offering and Recitation Ritual, one fascicle
Thirty-Seven Honoured Ones Repentance Ritual Text, one fascicle
Great Holy Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva's Praise of the Dharmakāya Obeisance, one fascicle
General Section Dhāraṇī Catalogue, one fascicle
Vajrāyus Dhāraṇī Recitation Method, one fascicle
Mahāvaipulya Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra Forty-Two-Syllable Contemplation Gate of Entering the Dharmadhātu, one fascicle
Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Mantra Contemplative Practice Ritual, one fascicle
Great Holy Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva's Buddha-Field Merit and Splendour Sūtra, three fascicles
Mahāsukha-Vajrasattva Practice Ritual, one fascicle
Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra King Yoga Ritual of Accomplishment, one fascicle
Accomplishment Method for the Great Rākṣasī Hārītī and Her Beloved Sons, one fascicle
Vajraśekhara Yoga Vajrasattva Recitation Ritual, one fascicle
Universal Radiance Invincible Great Vidyārāja Mahāpratisarā Dhāraṇī Sūtra, two fascicles
Noble Caṇḍakrodhavajrakumāra Accomplishment Ritual Sūtra, three fascicles
Mañjuśrī Fundamental Great Sovereign of Teachings Sūtra, Chapter on the Garuḍa King, one fascicle
Five-Syllable Dhāraṇī Verses, one fascicle
Amoghapāśa Great Consecration Light Mantra Sūtra, one fascicle
Supreme Signs of the Vajraśekhara Trailokyavijaya Mañjuśrī Five-Syllable Mantra, one fascicle
Vajrapāṇi Radiance Acala the Great Fierce King Recitation Ritual, one fascicle
Avalokiteśvara Great Compassion Accomplishment Lotus Section Recitation Method, one fascicle
Avalokiteśvara Cintāmaṇicakra Yoga, one fascicle
Practising Prajñāpāramitā Bodhisattva Contemplative Recitation Ritual, one fascicle
Vajraśekhara Paranirmitavaśavartin Naya Assembly Samantabhadra Ritual, one fascicle
*Macīdeva-mālā-sūtra, one fascicle
Essential Abbreviated Recitation Method of the Golden Wheel Uṣṇīṣa, one fascicle
Great Peacock Vidyārājñī Image and Maṇḍala Ritual, one fascicle
Yoga Vajraśekhara Explanation of the Syllabary Chapter, one fascicle
Great Holy Deva Dual-Bodied Vināyaka Method, one fascicle
Explanation of the Benevolent Kings Prajñā Dhāraṇī, one fascicle
Vajraśekhara Yoga Trailokyavijaya Utmost Three Secrets Gate, one fascicle
Mahāyāna Treatise on Pratītyasamutpāda, one fascicle
7.3
The above thirty-six scriptures in forty-one fascicles are glossed in continuation within this fascicle.
7.4
Benevolent Kings Prajñāpāramitā Recitation Ritual, one fascicle (only glossing characters in the preface)
7.5
纂歷 (The upper character is 作 + 管 [zuǎn]; Yunying says it means "to collect"; the Erya's "Explaining Words" says: "Zuǎn means to succeed/continue"; the Shuowen says: "It is formed from 糸 (silk) with 算 as phonetic"; 算 is pronounced 蘇 + 管 [suǎn]; the sūtra text has it with 莫 as [a variant of] 纂, which does not form a correct character. The lower character is 郎 + 的 [lì]; the Qieyun says it means "to pass through / experience"; the Erya says: "Lì means reckoning / counting"; the Shuowen says: "It is formed from 止 with 厤 as phonetic"; 厤 has the same sound as above; the sūtra text writes 曆, which is the character for "calendar" (lìrì), not the lì of zuǎnlì).
7.6
迺辟 (The upper character is 奴 + 改 [nǎi]; the Qieyun says it is an introductory particle; the Erya says: "Réng means nǎi"; Guo Pu's commentary says: "Nǎi is simply 乃"; the Shiwen says it is the ancient character for 乃. The lower character is 必 + 益 [bì]; it means "to command"; the Kaosheng says it means "to summon"; the Qieyun says it means "to remove").
7.7
良賁 (The lower character is 彼 + 義 [bì]; the Yunji says: "Bì means subtle"; it is also a hexagram name; the Yijing says: "Bì: success; it is advantageous to have a slight advantage in having somewhere to go"; upon examination, Liangbi is the name of the monk who assisted in the translation of the Benevolent Kings Sūtra).
7.8
常袞 (The lower character is 公 + 穩 [gǔn]; the Yuzao chapter of the Liji says: "The Son of Heaven wears the dragon robe (gǔn) to sacrifice"; Zheng's commentary says: "Gǔn means painting dragons on the upper garment"; upon examination, Chang Gun is the full name of the Hanlin Academician who polished the text).
7.9
Yoga Lotus Section Recitation Method, one fascicle
7.10
戶樞 (The lower character is 昌 + 朱 [shū]; the Erya says: "The pivot (shū) is called wéi"; Guo Pu's commentary says: "The pivot mechanism of the door leaf"; the Guangya says: "Shū means the base"; it refers to the place where the door leaf turns; the Shuowen says: "It is formed from 木 (wood) with 區 as phonetic").
7.11
拄腭 (The lower character is 我 + 各 [è]; it is the upper palate in the mouth; the Shuowen says: "The upper ceiling of the mouth"; written as 谷; 谷 is pronounced 強 + 略 [qiè]; above the mouth it depicts a double 八 resembling the shape of the palate).
7.12
擘開 (The upper character is 絣 + 夌 [bèng/bāi]; the Guangya says: "Bò means to divide"; the Shuowen says: "It means to brandish, and also to tear open"; it is formed from 手 (hand) with 辟 as phonetic).
7.13
聯鎻 (The upper character is 輦 + 鱣 [liǎn]; the Shenglei says: "Lián means continuous"; the Shuowen says: "To connect together; formed from 耳 (ear), as the ear connects to the cheek; formed from 絲 (silk), continuous without end; an ideogrammic compound". The lower character is 蘇 + 果 [suǒ]; the Zishu says: "Lock links joined together").
7.14
Vajraśekhara Yoga Homa Ritual, one fascicle
7.15
持鍬 (The lower character is 七 + 消 [qiāo]; a popular character; also written as 鍫; properly written as 鐰; in ancient script written as [(序-予+非)*斗]; the Erya says: "[(序-予+非)*斗] is called a spade (jié)"; Guo's commentary says: "Characters for spade (qiāo) and shovel (chā)"; the Fangyan says: "Between Zhao and Wei, a shovel (chā) is called a qiāo; east of the Yangtze it is called a biē; in Ba and Shu, a qiāo is called a chā; these are all dialectal variations"; 鐅 is pronounced 片 + 蔑 [piē]; 鍤 is pronounced chā).
7.16
蹲踞 (The upper character is pronounced 存 [cún]; the lower character is 居 + 御 [jù]; the Kaosheng says it is crouching like a fox; the Shiming says: "Dūn means cún (remaining); meaning keeping one's posterior from resting on the mat"; 踞 means sitting with legs spread splay-legged like a winnowing basket; the Liji says: "Do not sit splay-legged"; 箕 is pronounced 基 [jī]).
7.17
屈蔞草 (The upper character is 軍 + 律 [jūn]; the lower character is 力 + 句 [lù]; it resembles cogon grass but grows as a vine; popular convention nowadays calls it longevity grass).
7.18
㪻一杓 (The upper character is 居 + 怨 [juàn]; the Qieyun says: "A vessel for scooping things up"; it also says: "To bail water"; it is formed from 斗 with 䜌 as phonetic; 䜌 is pronounced 戀 [luàn]; 𰙗 is pronounced 以 + 沼 [yǎo]; nowadays it is the character yǎo-juàn [to ladle]).
7.19
Avalokiteśvara Tārā Recitation Ritual, one fascicle
7.20
阿闍梨 (The middle character is pronounced 士 + 遮 [zhē]; a Sanskrit word; also written 阿遮梨; correctly written 阿折里耶 [ācārya]; translated here as "personal teacher", meaning one who personally can instruct all the remaining students).
7.21
臍腰 (The upper character is 徂 + 奚 [qí]; the Qieyun says it is the navel (qí); the lower character is 以 + 霄 [yāo]; the Yupian says it is the lumbar region / waist; the upper text writes 𦝫).
7.22
二空 (Examining the Yoga Vidyādhara rituals, forming the various mudrās uses the five wheels and ten pāramitās; the five wheels are earth, water, fire, wind, and space/emptiness; each of the two hands takes the little finger as the beginning, rising in sequence through the wheels; the sūtra saying "join the two emptinesses" means joining and standing upright the two thumbs; the sūtra wrote 二腔, pronounced 苦 + 江 [qiāng], which is the character for the carcass/ribs of a sheep (yángqiāng), a scribal error; it greatly violates the meaning of the sūtra).
7.23
Avalokiteśvara Cintāmaṇicakra Bodhisattva Recitation Method, one fascicle
7.24
虎狼 (The upper character is 呼 + 古 [hǔ]; the Shuowen says: "The king among mountain beasts"; the Huainanzi says: "When the tiger roars, the valley wind arises"; it is formed from 人 (person) with 虍 as phonetic; 虍 is pronounced 呼 [hū]; because the tiger's paws resemble human hands, it is formed with 人; some write [虎-儿+八], a taboo-avoidance form which does not make a proper character; another writes 𧆞, a popular altered form that is irregular. The lower character is 魯 + 堂 [láng]; the Shuowen says: "Resembles a dog with white jowls and a sharp head"; the Erya says: "The female wolf is called bìng; her whelp is called an xiào"; 獥 is pronounced 胡 + 狄 [xí]).
7.25
枷鎻 (The upper character is 古 + 牙 [jiā]; the Shiming says: "Jiā means jiā (to add); putting wood onto the neck; on the hands it is called zhì (handcuffs); on the feet it is called gù (fetters); on the neck it is called jiā (cangue)"; that is, the five wooden restraints for confining criminals; the lower character is 蘇 + 果 [suǒ]; the Qieyun says it is an iron chain, referring to linked rings).
7.26
指𢅎 (The lower character is 古 + 了 [jiǎo]; as explained previously).
7.27
Amṛtakuṇḍalī Bodhisattva Offering and Recitation Ritual, one fascicle
7.28
洗滌 (The upper character is 先 + 禮 [xǐ]; also written 洒; the Zishu says it means washing clean and brushing; the lower character is 徒 + 曆 [dí]; the Qieyun says it means to purify and remove defilement; also to wash clean).
7.29
𠌤咎 (The upper character is 去 + 乾 [qiān]; also written 愆; written in the Erya as 諐; the "Explaining Words" chapter says: "Yì and qiān mean fault / transgression"; the lower character is 其 + [九] [jiù]; the Qieyun says it means fault, calamity; the Erya says: "Jiù means haggard and distressed, illness"; the Shuowen says: "People acting contrary to one another; formed from 人 with 各"; the sūtra text writes 𠧨咎, neither of which is the original character).
7.30
鈴鐸 (The upper character is 郎 + 丁 [líng]; a metal bell; the Qieyun says it resembles a bell (zhōng) but is smaller; the lower character is 徒 + 洛 [duó]; nowadays a large bell; the Zuozhuan says: "The metal bell with a wooden clapper is rung to spread civil teachings"; it also says: "The military commander's bell (duó) wards off invaders").
7.31
駕馭 (The upper character is 古 + 訝 [jià]; the Zishu says jià means to ride / mount; the Shijing says: "Yoking (jià) my four black-maned bays"; the lower character is 牛 + 倨 [yù]; the Qieyun says it means to drive / steer; the Shiben says: "Hai yoked cattle, and mounted and drove horses"; the Zhouli has the "five drivings": matching the harmony bells, driving along curving water, passing boundary posts and stopping, dancing through intersecting crossroads, and flanking to chase game; the Shuowen says it is formed from 馬 (horse) with 又; 又 means hand, an ideogrammic compound; the sūtra text writes 御, meaning to attend upon or to employ, which is not the character for jiàyù [to drive]).
7.32
烏樞瑟摩 (A Sanskrit word; also written 烏蒭沙摩; the old translation was "Impure-Traces Vajra" (Huiji Jin'gang); this expression had deficiencies, seemingly disparaging the holy one; the new translation is "Defilement-Removing Wrathful Honoured One" (Chuhui Fennu Zun), referring to his manifestation of a majestic wrathful body through adamantine wisdom in order to subdue hard-to-tame, foul and evil sentient beings).
7.33
傲誕 (The upper character is 五 + 倒 [ào]; the Qieyun says it means arrogant and disrespectful; the Kaosheng says it means self-exalting; the Erya says: "Ào means mocking"; the lower character is 徒 + 旦 [dàn]; the Zishu says it means great; the Qieyun says it means boastful / deceptive; Gu Yewang says it means deceitful; it is formed from 言 (speech) with 延 as phonetic; 謔 is pronounced 香 + 虐 [xuè]).
7.34
臭穢 (The upper character is 尺 + 救 [chòu]; the Qieyun says it is the general term for all smells; the Kaosheng says it means rank and foul-smelling; the Shuowen says it is formed from 犬 (dog) and 自; 自 means nose; an ideogrammic compound; in ancient script written as 殠; popularly written as 臰; the sūtra text writes it with 口 as 𭊴, which is not a genuine character).
7.35
Thirty-Seven Honoured Ones Repentance Ritual, one fascicle
7.36
妙灋 (The lower character is 方 + 乏 [fǎ]; the ancient character for 法; nowadays 法 is mostly used; the Shuowen says it is a model/standard; the Qieyun says it means constant, and also reckoning).
7.37
Great Holy Mañjuśrī Bodhisattva's Praise of the Dharmakāya Obeisance, one fascicle (only glossing characters in the preface)
7.38
馭宇 (宇 is pronounced 玉 + 矩 [yǔ]; the universe; the Jixun says: "The imperial realm / cosmos"; the Qieyun says it means great, and also boundaries; it is formed from 宀 with 于 as phonetic; 宀 is pronounced 莫 + 仙 [mián]).
7.39
沃盪 (The upper character is 烏 + 酷 [wò]; the Yunquan says: "Wò means to irrigate / pour"; the Shenglei says: "Drenching downward with water"; the lower character is 徒 + 朗 [dàng]; the Qieyun says: "To cleanse and wash clean; also to agitate / shake"; formed from 皿 with 湯 as phonetic).
7.40
General Section Dhāraṇī Catalogue, one fascicle
7.41
絣地 (The upper character is 北 + 萠 [bēng]; the Qieyun says: "To snap a black marking cord"; it is formed from 糸 with 并 as phonetic; the sūtra text writes it with 手 as 絣, pronounced 普 + 耕 [pēng], meaning to pluck / strike, which is not applicable here).
7.42
蘇摩呼 (A Sanskrit word; translated here as "Subāhu" / "Wonderful Arm").
7.43
Vajrāyus Dhāraṇī Recitation Method, one fascicle
7.44
魔䤈首羅 (An ancient/old Sanskrit transcription; correctly rendered Maheśvara; translated here as "Great Sovereign", namely the lord of the form-realm heavens).
7.45
搵蘇 (The upper character is 烏 + 困 [wèn]; the Qieyun says it means to press down; the Fangyan says: "Wèn means immersing an object into water"; 抐 is pronounced 奴 + 困 [nèn]; the lower character is 素 + 姑 [sū]; perilla herb; upon examination of the sūtra, the characters 搵蘇 should properly be 搵酥; the Qieyun says sū is clarified butter / curd).
7.46
擲於 (The upper character is 直 + 炙 [zhì]; the Qieyun says: "To throw, to cast; also to fling / hurl"; in ancient script written as 擿).
7.47
Mahāvaipulya Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra Forty-Two-Syllable Contemplation Gate of Entering the Dharmadhātu, one fascicle
7.48
The sūtra itself explains the forty-two Sanskrit syllables; there are no other characters requiring pronunciation or glossing.
7.49
Avalokiteśvara Bodhisattva Hṛdaya-mantra Contemplative Practice Ritual, one fascicle
7.50
身帔 (The lower character is 丕 + 義 [pèi]; the Kaosheng says it is a kerchief-cape; the Qieyun says it is a garment-cape; the Shuowen says: "It is formed from 巾 (cloth) with 皮 as phonetic"; another pronunciation is pī, meaning an apron-like drape; not a cloud-cape [xiápèi]).
7.51
輕縠 (The lower character is 胡 + 谷 [hú]; the Yunquan says: "Hú resembles silk gauze but is finer"; the Qieyun says: "Silk gauze and fine crape"; it is formed from 糸 with 穀 as phonetic; 穀 is pronounced 谷 [gǔ]).
7.52
交縫 (The lower character is 扶 + 用 [fèng]; the Erya says: "Yù is the seam of a lambskin robe"; the Shuowen says: "To sew clothes; formed from 糸 with 逢 as phonetic"; 緎 is pronounced 域 [yù]; 紩 is pronounced 袟 [zhì]; 縫 is also pronounced 逢 [féng]).
7.53
Great Holy Mañjuśrī Buddha-Field Merit and Splendour Sūtra, Fascicle One
7.54
門閫 (The lower character is 苦 + 本 [kǔn]; the Shenglei says: "Kǔn means the threshold"; the Jizhu says: "Meaning the wood defining the doorway"; Gu Yewang says: "The door threshold"; the Shuowen says: "A door threshold; formed from 門 (gate) with 困 as phonetic").
7.55
商佉 (The upper character is 失 + 良 [shāng]; the lower character is 羗 + 奢 [qiā]; a Sanskrit word [śaṅkha]; also written 餉佉, with the upper character pronounced 失 + 量 [shǎng]; translated here as "conch", that is, the Dharma conch that is blown; popularly written as 螺).
7.56
澄睟 (The upper character is 直 + 陵 [chéng]; the Qieyun says: "Clear water"; the Kaosheng says: "Pure and settled"; the Shuowen says: "Coagulated / settled"; also written 徵; the lower character is 雖 + 遂 [suì]; the Yupian says: "To look deeply"; the Zishu says: "Moist and lustrous"; it is formed from 目 (eye) with an abbreviated 醉 as phonetic; writing it as 睟 is a popular character).
7.57
奢摩他 (A Sanskrit word [śamatha]; translated here as "calming" (zhǐ) or mental tranquillity, which is samādhi / meditative absorption).
7.58
披擐 [Putting on and donning]: The upper [character] has the sound 被 (pī); the Zishu says, “It means to apply.” The Kaosheng says, “To put on.” The lower [character] has the sound 患 (huàn); the Guiyuan zhucong says, “It means to don clothing and armour on one's body.” The Wujing yinyi also gives the fanqie sound 古患 (gu + huàn = guàn).
7.59
謦欬 [Coughing and clearing the throat]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 口冷 (kǒu + lěng = qǐng); the Shuowen says, “謦 is also 欬.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 苦戴 (kǔ + dài = kài); the Shuowen says, “Qi moving adversely and returning; it is also coughing.” Some write 謦 with the sound 口定 (kǒu + dìng = qìng), which is a musical instrument; or write 欬 as 咳 with the sound 胡來 (hú + lái = hái), which is an infant's cough—neither is used here. For 瘶 (cough), the fanqie is 蘇奏 (sū + zòu = sòu).
7.60
遍捫 [Groping everywhere]: The lower [character] has the fanqie 莫奔 (mò + bēn = mén); the Shenglei says, “捫 means to grope.” The Jixun says, “To stroke and rub.” The Shuowen says, “To stroke and hold; it derives from 手 [hand] and the phonetic 門.”
7.61
險詖 [Treacherous and flatteringly devious]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 香撿 (xiāng + jiǎn = xiǎn); the Shuowen says, “Obstructed and difficult; it derives from 阜 with the phonetic 僉.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 彼義 (bǐ + yì = bì); the Qieyun says, “Flattering.” The Shuowen says, “險詖; it derives from 言 with the abbreviated phonetic 彼.”
7.62
麤獷 [Coarse and fierce]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 倉蘇 (cāng + sū = cū); this is the orthodox form, popularly written as 鹿. Zheng's commentary to the Liji says, “麤 means sparse.” The Guangya says, “Bad.” The Shuowen says, “It derives from three 鹿 [deer].” The lower [character] has the fanqie 虢猛 (guó + měng = guǎng); the Jixun says, “Fierce and evil like a dog, which cannot be approached; thus it derives from 犬 [dog].” The sūtra text occasionally writes 礦, which is erroneous.
7.63
Mahā-ārya-mañjuśrī-buddha-kṣetra-guṇa-vyūha-sūtra, Fascicle Middle
7.64
鈿飾 [Inlaid ornaments]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 堂練 (táng + liàn = diàn); the Yunji says, “To decorate utensils and objects by inlaying with precious shell.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 昇織 (shēng + zhī = shì); the Kaosheng says, “Adorning and decorating.” The Wenzidian says, “Embellishing.” The Gujin zhengzi derives it from 巾 with the phonetic 飤; the sound is 似.
7.65
準繩 [Plumb line and marking cord]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 之允 (zhī + yǔn = zhǔn); the Qieyun says, “Measure; a levelling standard.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 食陵 (shí + líng = shéng); the Yupian says, “Cord.” The Zishu says, “Straight.” The Shangshu says, “Wood conforming to the marking cord becomes straight.” The Shiben says, “Chui created the plumb line and marking cord.”
7.66
熙怡 [Joyful and harmonious]: The upper [character] is 虛之 (xū + zhī = xī); the lower [character] is 與之 (yǔ + zhī = yí). The Shuowen says, “熙怡 means harmonious and pleased.” The Erya says, “Pleased and submissive.” The Fangyan says, “怡 means joyful.” Sūtra texts occasionally write 嬉, which is erroneous.
7.67
Mahā-ārya-mañjuśrī-buddha-kṣetra-guṇa-vyūha-sūtra, Fascicle Lower
7.68
蘇彌盧 [Sumeru]: Formerly rendered as Xumi (須彌) or Milou (彌樓), both being corruptions of the Sanskrit. The correct form nowadays is Sumilu (蘇彌盧), translated as ‘Wonderfully High’ (Miaogao). This is what the Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya refers to in stating: ‘The Wonderfully High has four tiers.’ It is also said that there are a thousand Sumerus for the desire heavens and for the Brahmā worlds respectively. Mentioning both Chinese and Sanskrit together is a single name.
7.69
踰繕那 [Yojana]: Formerly rendered as youxun (由旬) or yushena (踰闍那). This has no direct equivalent; it is translated according to its meaning as ‘a stage of journey’—that is, the distance of a single day's march for an ancient sage king's army. It has already been explained in detail in the Peacock King Sūtra above.
7.70
疲厭 [Weary and satiated]: The upper [character] has the sound 皮 (pí); Jia's commentary to the Guoyu says, “Fatigued.” The Guangya says, “Weary.” It derives from 疒 with the phonetic 皮. The lower [character] has the fanqie 伊焰 (yī + yàn = yàn); the Kaosheng says, “Full; also weary.” The Shuowen says, “Deriving from 犬 [dog] and 甘肉 [sweet meat], written as 厭; a dog relishing meat.” Today it has colloquially changed into the character 厭, which is commonly used.
7.71
摩伽陁 [Magadha]: A Sanskrit word. Also written 摩竭陀, 摩竭提, or 墨竭提; they are the same. Here it means ‘Without Harming’, meaning that the laws of this country do not administer execution; those who commit capital crimes are merely sent to and placed in the cold forest (śītavana). Alternatively, it is called ‘Country of the Great Substance’, meaning that among the five Indias this country is the largest and governs all kingdoms. Or it is called ‘Pervaded by Wisdom’, meaning that wise people fill its territory. These are all names established according to their connotations.
7.72
一婆訶 [A vāha]: The lower [character] has the sound 訶 (hē). It is a Sanskrit word, here meaning a round granary (圌), also written 篅, both with the fanqie 市緣 (shì + yuán = chuán); that is, a storehouse granary.
7.73
Ritual Manual for the Practice of Mahāsukha-Vajrasattva, in One Fascicle
7.74
置胯 [Placed on the hip]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 竹吏 (zhú + lì = zhì); the Qieyun says, “To place.” The Shuowen says, “To entrust; it derives from 罒 with the phonetic 直.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 開化 (kāi + huà = kuà); the Kaosheng says, “Between the two thighs.” It is also written 跨, meaning to step over, which is not the usage here.
7.75
側捩 [Twisting sideways]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 阻力 (zǔ + lì = zhè); the Qieyun says, “Beside, aside.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 綀結 (shū + jié = liè); the Yupian says, “To twist and turn. It derives from 手 [hand] with the phonetic 戾.” 戾 has the same sound as above. The Shuowen writes 戾 as a dog under a doorway. In the sūtra text it derives from 糸 as 綟; the Guangyun says it is a small knot of hemp, which does not convey the meaning of twisting the fingers to form a mudrā.
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彎弓 [Drawing a bow]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 烏關 (wū + guān = wān); the Yunji says, “The curved posture of drawing a bow.” It was already explained earlier.
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箜篌 [Harp (konghou)]: The upper [character] has the sound 空 (kōng); the lower [character] is 侯 (hóu). The name of a musical instrument. It has already been explained earlier.
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Yoga Ritual Manual of the Realization of the King of the Sūtra of the Lotus of the Wonderful Dharma, in One Fascicle
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瑜伽 [Yoga]: A Sanskrit word. Also written 瑜祁 or 庾誐, both being corruptions. Here it means ‘correspondence’ (xiangying). According to the Great Treatise (Mahāprajñāpāramitopadeśa), there are four kinds of correspondence: vehicle correspondence, object correspondence, practice correspondence, and fruit correspondence.
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記䇷 [Noting and differentiating]: The lower [character] has the fanqie 方列 (fāng + liè = bié); the Qieyun says, “To separate and differentiate.” The Kaosheng says, “To decide.” The Shuowen derives it from 言 as 謝, which is also the same. In the sūtra text it derives from 草 as 莂; the Picang says, “To transplant densely grown seedlings,” which is not the character for 記䇷.
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奢摩他 [Śamatha]: A Sanskrit word, here meaning ‘calming’ (zhǐ).
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毘鉢舍那 [Vipaśyanā]: A Sanskrit word, here meaning ‘insight’ (guān). Note that calming and insight (zhǐguān) are the two names for meditative stabilization and wisdom, as already explained above in the New Avataṃsaka Sound and Meaning.
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洲渚 [Islet and sandbar]: The upper [character] has the sound 州 (zhōu). The lower [character] has the fanqie 章與 (zhāng + yǔ = zhǔ); the Erya states, “Habitable land within the water is called 洲; a small islet is called 渚; a tiny sandbar is called 沚.” The Shijing says, “On the river's islet.” The Fangyan says, “洲 is a shoal (灘); its sound is 他丹 (tā + dān = tān).” 沚 has the sound 止. 渚 is also written 陼.
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欠陷 [Lacking and sinking]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 去劒 (qù + jiàn = qiàn); the Shuowen says, “To be lacking.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 戶𪛏 (hù + xiàn = xiàn), where 𪛏 is 于陷 (yú + xiàn = yàn); the Yupian says, “To enter.” The Qieyun says, “To collapse and submerge; also to fall.” The Shuowen writes it as 臽, a small pit; it derives from 人 inside 臼 (sounded as 舊).
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墊下 [Submerged and low]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 都念 (dū + niàn = diàn); the Shangshu says, “The people below were confused and submerged,” on which Kong's commentary states: “This means the people of the world were muddle-headed, submerged, and drowning.” The Yupian says, “墊 means low.” 瞀 has the sound 務 (wù).
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雜插 [Interspersed and inserted]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 徂合 (cú + hé = zá); the Qieyun says, “To collect; to pierce.” The Zilin says, “Numerous.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 楚洽 (chǔ + qià = chā); the Kaosheng says, “To prick and insert; it derives from 手 [hand] with the phonetic 臿.” 臿 has the same sound as above. Writing it as 𢰔 or 插 are not the original character.
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Method of Realization of the Great Yakṣiṇī Nandā with Her Beloved Son, in One Fascicle
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真多摩尼 [Cintāmaṇi]: Vernacular language, also written 振多末尼 or 質多麼柅, which are all the same. Here it means ‘wish-fulfilling jewel’. The sound of 柅 is 尼整 (ní + zhěng = nǐ).
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牸牛 [Cow (female cattle)]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 疾吏 (jí + lì = zì); Gu Yewang says, “A female domestic beast.” The Fangyan says, “Female cattle are called 牸, males are called 特, and their calves are called 犢.” All derive from 牛 as phonogram-ideograms.
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甘脃 [Sweet and crisp]: The upper [character] means sweet and delicious; to taste. The Shuowen writes it as 曰 with 一 in the mouth. The lower [character] has the fanqie 七醉 (qī + zuì = cuì); the Yupian says, “Fragile.” The Kaosheng says, “Tender.” The Gujin zhengzi derives it from 肉 with the abbreviated phonetic 絕, meaning that when meat coagulates it easily breaks. In sūtra texts it is often written with 危 as 脆, which is a vulgar character.
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㝱寐 [Dreaming and sleeping]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 莫弄 (mò + nòng = mèng); the Shuowen says, “Awakening while sleeping; it derives from 宀 and 爿 with 夢.” The Zhouli states that by the sun, moon, stars, and constellations one divines the auspiciousness of the six dreams: the first is ordinary, the second is startled, the third is brooding, the fourth is awake, the fifth is joyous, and the sixth is fearful. The lower [character] has the fanqie 蜜二 (mì + èr = mèi); to sleep, to rest; it derives from an abbreviated 㝱 with the phonetic 未. The sūtra text simply writes 夢, which is also commonly accepted in vulgar usage.
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嚕地囉 [Rudhira]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 離古 (lí + gǔ = lǔ); the lower [character] borrows the fanqie 離加 (lí + jiā = luó). A Sanskrit word, here meaning ‘blood’ (fanqie: 呼玦, hū + jué = xuè).
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卻送 [Send back]: The upper [character] is the orthodox form of the character 却.
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Vajraśekhara Yoga Vajrasattva Recitation Ritual, in One Fascicle
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懵字 [Syllable Muṃ]: The fanqie is 莫亘 (mò + gèn = mèng). It transliterates a Sanskrit sound without seeking literal character meaning. The sound of 亘 is 古鄧 (gǔ + dèng = gèng).
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睫瞤 [Twitching of the eyelashes]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 即葉 (jí + yè = jié); the Shuowen says, “The hairs beside the eyes.” The Shiming says, “睫 means inserted (插), meaning inserted into the eye-frame.” It also says, “The hair on the eyelids; it derives from 目 [eye] with an abbreviated phonetic 捷.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 如均 (rú + jūn = rún), also written 眴; the Qieyun says, “Twitching of the eyelid; it derives from 目 with the phonetic 閏.”
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Mahāpratisarā-dhāraṇī-sūtra of the Universal Radiance Invincible Great Vidyārāja, Fascicle Upper
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耶輸陁羅 [Yaśodharā]: 輸 has the fanqie 式朱 (shì + zhū = shū). A Sanskrit name, also written 耶戍達羅, correctly given as 以戍多囉 (Yaśodharā); this is translated as ‘Fame-Holder’ (Chi-yu).
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齧損 [Gnawing and damaging]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 研結 (yán + jié = niè); the Liji says, “Do not gnaw bones.” The Shuowen says, “齧 means to bite; it derives from 齒 with the phonetic 㓞.” 㓞 has the fanqie 口黠 (kǒu + xiá = qià). In the sūtra text it is written 嚙, which is erroneous.
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筏羅捺斯 [Vārāṇasī]: 筏 has the sound 伐 (fá). Also written 波羅痆斯 or 波羅奈; a Sanskrit word, the name of a kingdom in the Western Regions.
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雷電 [Thunder and lightning]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 嚕迴 (lǔ + huí = léi); the Shuowen writes it as 靁. The Yijing says, “Heaven's thunder: Innocent.” The Lunheng says, “The clash of yin and yang energies.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 堂練 (táng + liàn = diàn); the Yupian says, “Flashing lightning.” The Shiming says, “電 is extinction (𣧠), meaning that as soon as it appears it is extinguished.” The Shuowen says, “The clashing brilliance of yin and yang; it derives from 雨 with [電-雨], sounded as 申.”
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霹靂 [Thunderclap]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 疋覓 (pǐ + mì = pì); the lower has 靈的 (líng + dí = lì). The Wenzidian says, “霹靂 is great thunder striking things.” The Lunheng says, “Heaven and earth act as the furnace, yin and yang as the energy, and this is the sound of their colliding.” The Shuowen says, “It derives from 雨 with the phonetics 辟 and 歷.” Sūtra editions have forms with 石 as 礔 and 礰, which are colloquial usages and not the original characters.
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蚊虻 [Mosquitoes and gadflies]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 勿汾 (wù + fén = wén); the Fangyan says, “Qin called gnats 蚊; small flying insects that bite people.” The Shuowen writes it as 蟁, with the Wu dialect sound 閩. The sūtra text writes 蚉, a vulgar character. The lower [character] has the fanqie 莫耕 (mò + gēng = méng); the Shenglei says, “Of the category of mosquitoes and gnats, resembling flies but larger.” The Shuowen says, “Transformatively generated among mountains, marshes, grass, and flowers; also born on deer bodies; the large ones are called 虻, the small ones 𱗶 (sounded as 蹔).”
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蝗蟲 [Locusts]: The upper [character] has the sound 皇 (huáng); the Kaosheng says, “Flying locust.” The Erya says, “Those that eat the core of sprouts are called 螟; those that eat the leaves are called 𧎢; those that eat the joints are called 賊; those that eat the roots are called 蟊.” Note that these are all alternative names for locusts. The lower [character] is the orthodox character 蟲; the Erya says, “Those with feet are called 蟲; those without feet are called 豸.”
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旱澇 [Drought and flooding]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 胡笴 (hú + gè = hàn), where 笴 is 各旱 (gè + hàn = gàn); the Qieyun says, “Scarcity of rain; the Shuowen says it derives from 日 and 干.” The lower [character] has the fanqie 郎到 (láng + dào = lào); the Yupian says, “Water inundation.” The Qieyun says, “Flooded.” It is also written 潦, with the sound 老 (lǎo), meaning standing water, which is not used here.
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Mahāpratisarā-dhāraṇī-sūtra of the Universal Radiance Invincible Great Vidyārāja, Fascicle Lower
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鉞斧 [Battle-axe and axe]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 員月 (yuán + yuè = yuè); the lower has 方矩 (fāng + jǔ = fǔ). The Shangshu says, “The King held in his left hand the yellow battle-axe”; Kong's commentary says, “An axe adorned with yellow.” It derives from 金 with the phonetic 戉; 戉 has the same sound as above, deriving from 戈 with the phonetic [戉-戈] (sounded as 厥); writing it as 戊 is erroneous.
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擗地 [Beating the ground]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 房益 (fáng + yì = pì); the Zilin says, “擗 means to pat and strike.” The Erya says, “擗 means to beat one's heart”; Guo's commentary says, “It means beating the chest.”
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驚愕 [Startled and astounded]: The lower [character] has the fanqie 五各 (wǔ + gè = è); the Yunji says, “愕 is also alarmed.” The Shuowen derives it from 心 with the phonetic 咢; 咢 has the same sound as above. The Shuowen states that the orthodox form is written 㖾.
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趒驀 [Leaping over]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 他弔 (tā + diào = tiào); the Qieyun says, “趒 means to leap over.” The Shuowen derives it from 走 with the phonetic 兆. In the sūtra text it derives from 足 as 跳 or 跳, both being vulgar characters. The lower [character] has the fanqie 莫伯 (mò + bó = mò); the Shenglei says, “To cross over.” The Qieyun says, “To deceive and mount.” The Shuowen says, “To mount a horse swiftly; it derives from 馬 with the phonetic 莫.”
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Ārya-krodha-vajrakumāra-sādhana-kalpa-sūtra, Fascicle Upper
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縛𢷏 [Binding and grappling]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 符籰 (fú + yuè = fú), where 籰 is 王縛 (wáng + fù = wù); the Kaosheng says, “To tie up.” The Shuowen says, “To bind; it derives from 糸 with an abbreviated phonetic 搏.” In the sūtra text it derives from 專 as 縛, sounded as 傳, which is an erroneous writing. The lower [character] has the fanqie 簿角 (bù + jiǎo = bó); the Yunji says, “To grapple with each other.” It is also written 撲 with the sound 普卜 (pǔ + bǔ = pū), which is not the character for grappling.
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乾燥 [Dry and parched]: The upper [character] has the fanqie 古寒 (gǔ + hán = gān); the Ziyang says, “Its original sound was 䖍, but it is now borrowed for dry versus wet.” The ancient script derives it from 水 as 漧. The lower [character] has the fanqie 蘇道 (sū + dào = sào); the Yupian says, “Dried by fire.” The Qieyun says, “乾 is also parched.”
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蘇摩呼 [Subāhu]: The upper character 蘇 is borrowed in the rising tone. A Sanskrit name, here meaning ‘Wonderful Arm’ (Subāhu).
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蚯蚓 [Earthworm]: The upper [character] has the sound 丘 (qiū); the lower [character] has the sound 引 (yǐn); the Qieyun says, “Name of a worm.” The lower is also written 螾. The ‘Yueling’ of the Liji says, “In the first month of summer, earthworms emerge.” The Erya says, “螼蚓”; Guo Pu's commentary says, “South of the Yangtze they are called cold worms (寒蚓).” 螼 has the fanqie 羗引 (qiāng + yǐn = qǐn).
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牛𡲘 [Cow urine]: The lower [character] has the fanqie 奴弔 (nú + diào = niào); the Kaosheng says, “Urine.” The Shuowen says, “It derives from 水 with an abbreviated [尸@(一/八/毛)].” The present sūtra text writes 尿, a vulgar character commonly used.
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髆傭 [Shoulders well-proportioned]: The upper [character] has the sound 愽 (bó); the Kaosheng says, “The upper part of the thigh, the hip.” The Shuowen says, “The shoulder blade (髆); it derives from 骨 with the phonetic 專.” In the sūtra text it derives from 肉 as 膊, with the sound 普博 (pǔ + bó = pō), meaning dried meat, which is not the meaning here. The lower [character] has the fanqie 丑龍 (chǒu + lóng = chōng); Zheng's commentary to the Mao Shijing says, “滽 means well-proportioned.” The Shuowen says, “Well-proportioned and straight; it derives from 人 with the phonetic 庸.” Some write 𦟛, which is also commonly accepted as a vulgar character.
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迸竄 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie bei + zheng. The Yunji says: "迸 means to disperse." The Kaosheng says: "To flee." The Shuowen says: "Classified under 'to walk' [走], written as 𧻓." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie qi + luan. The Zilin says: "To flee into hiding." The Qieyun also says: "To execute/banish." The Shangshu says: "Banished [竄] the Sanmiao to Sanwei." The Shuowen says: "To hide; composed of a rat [鼠] inside a hole [穴]; an ideographic compound.").
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Āryakrodha-vajrakumāra-sādhana-kalpa-sūtra, Middle Fascicle
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𦝫絛 (The upper character is also written as 腰; both are pronounced with the fanqie yu + xiao. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie tu + dao. The Zilin says: "Woven from silk like a cord." Classified under 'silk' [糸], with 條 abbreviated as phonetic. The Zitong writes it as 縚, which is also interchangeably used. 縚 is also pronounced with the fanqie ta + dao).
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搵嚕地囉 (搵 is pronounced with the fanqie wu + kun. The Yunji says: "搵 and 抐 mean pressing an object into water." 抐 is pronounced nen. 嚕 is pronounced with the fanqie li + gu. 囉 is pronounced with the fanqie li + zha. 嚕地囉 [rudhira] are three Sanskrit syllables, which mean "blood" here).
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沮壞 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie qing + yu. The Zuo zhuan says: "沮 also means ruined [壞]." The Shuowen says: "Classified under 'water' [水], with 且 as phonetic." 且 is pronounced with the fanqie zi + yu. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie huai + guai. The Kaosheng says: "Collapsed and destroyed; ruined." The Gujin zhengzi says: "Spontaneous destruction is called 壞. Classified under 'earth' [土], with 褱 as phonetic." 褱 is pronounced huai, meaning to envelop. The Shuowen says: "The character 懷 is classified under 'clothing' [衣] with 𥄳." 𥄳 is pronounced with the fanqie tan + he. The top of 𥄳 is classified under a horizontal 目, and the bottom under 氺, pronounced bie. The sūtra text has it written as 壞, which is an error made by copyists).
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黿鼉 (The upper character is pronounced yuan. The Shuowen says: "A large soft-shelled turtle." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie da + he. The Shuowen says: "An aquatic creature, resembling a lizard, five to six spans long. Classified under 'turtle' [龜], with 單 as phonetic." 龜 is pronounced meng; 單 is pronounced na; a phono-semantic compound).
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龜鼈 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie gui + wei. The Shuowen says: "龜 means ancient; having bone on the outside and flesh on the inside. Classified under 它 [snake]; the turtle's head resembles a snake. It represents the nature of heaven and earth. Broad-shouldered and without males, turtles and soft-shelled turtles take snakes as their mates. It depicts the shape of four legs, head, and tail." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie bei + mie. The Shuowen says: "An aquatic shelled creature; classified under 'frog' [黽], with 敝 as phonetic." Some write it under 'fish' [魚] as 鱉, which is incorrect).
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噤口 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie qu + yin. The Zitong says: "Cold and having the mouth closed." The Shuowen says: "Classified under 'mouth' [口], with 禁 as phonetic." Some write it as 䫴, meaning gnashing teeth in anger, which is not the character for 噤口).
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樺皮 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie hu + ma; the name of a tree. Its bark can serve as candles; among them are red, white, coarse, and fine varieties. The fine white bark can be used to write Indic pustaka manuscripts, because that land has no paper, so they mostly write on pattra leaves, tāla leaves, or birch bark).
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蔓藤 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie wu + yuan. The Yunji says: "Melon vines." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie tu + deng. The Qieyun says: "苰藤 grass." The Kaosheng says: "Creepers and vines").
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Āryakrodha-vajrakumāra-sādhana-kalpa-sūtra, Lower Fascicle
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所齧 (Pronounced with the fanqie yan + jie. The Shuowen says: "Classified under 'teeth' [齒], with 㓞 as phonetic." The sound is pronounced with the fanqie kou + xia. The sūtra text writes it as 嚙, which is incorrect).
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驅擯 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie qi + ju. The Kaosheng says: "To gallop; also to pursue." The Shijing says: "Neither gallop nor drive [弗馳弗驅]." The Shuowen says: "Classified under 'horse' [馬], with 區 as phonetic." The sūtra writes it as 駈, a vulgar character. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie bi + ren. The Qieyun says: "擯 means to banish [𢇛]." The Jixun says: "To cast aside." The Shuowen says: "Classified under 'hand' [手], with 賓 as phonetic").
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𥳋子 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie zuo + tan. The Yunji says: "The tips of grain ears." Another pronunciation is with the fanqie zuo + han: "to sew together." Classified under 'bamboo' [竹], with 叅 as phonetic).
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脚鋜 (The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie shi + jiao. Gu Yewang says: "Fetters for the feet." The Yunlve says: "Shackles for the feet. Classified under 'metal' [金], with 浞 abbreviated as phonetic." The sūtra text writes it as 鎙, which vulgar usage sometimes pronounces shuo, referring to a type of lance, not used here. 浞 has the same sound as above).
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箭鏃 (The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie zuo + mu. The Erya says: "A metal arrowhead with clipped feathers is called a 鍭." Guo Pu's commentary says: "The broadhead arrow of today is this." 鍭 is pronounced hou; 錍 is pronounced pi).
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The Ritual Method for Recitation of Ārya-Yamāntaka Krodharāja for Immediate Great Spiritual Efficacy, in One Fascicle
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槊印 (Regarding the upper character, the Shuowen writes it as 矟, pronounced with the fanqie shuang + jiao. The Tongsu wen states: "A spear eighteen feet long is called a 槊." The sūtra text writes it with 'metal' [金] as 鎙, which is a vulgar usage and incorrect. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie yu + ren. The Yunji says: "A tally or seal." The Shiming says: "An impression of trust; an accord; sealing an object based on delivering trust." Classified under 'claw' [爪] and 卪; the ancient script writes it as [爪*ㄗ]. 卪 is pronounced jie).
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熒惑日 (Namely, the day ruled by Mars. The Wuxing bangtong mixue says: "Yinghuo is the essence of fire in the south, also named the Star of Punishment. Its diameter is seventy li; its color is red light; it traverses the sky once every two years." It has already been fully explained in the Renwang jing).
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捨覩嚧 (Also written as 率覩嚕 or 設咄嚕; all are phonetic variants of the Sanskrit [śatru]. Translated here as "enemy").
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Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa-mahāyānarājādhipati-sūtra, Chapter on the Garuḍarāja, in One Fascicle
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幖幟 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie bi + yao. The Kaosheng says: "幖 means to raise up." Some write it with 'tree' [木] as 標. The sūtra writes it with 'hand' [手] as 摽, a vulgar character. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie chang + zhi. The Zishu says: "幟 refers to a banner placed upon an indicator." Classified under 'towel' [巾], with 戠 as phonetic).
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濺灑 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie jian + xian. The Shuowen writes it with 贊 as 灒, meaning to spatter and sprinkle. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie sha + ya, also meaning to scatter and sprinkle, synonymous with 濺).
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薏苡 (The upper character is pronounced yi; the lower character is pronounced yi. Gu Yewang says: "Namely, Job's tears [千珠]." The Bencao says: "Job's tears [薏茨] are balanced in nature; mainly treating muscle and bone cramps where they cannot stretch or bend; it also replenishes qi." Both characters are classified under 'grass' [草], with 意 and 以 as phonetic components).
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縈繞 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie yi + ying. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie rao + shao. The Mao Shijing Commentary says: "縈 means to entwine freely." The Shuowen says: "To collect into a bundle; classified under 'silk' [糸], with an abbreviated 熒 as phonetic." 繞 means to wind around; classified under 'silk' [糸], with 堯 as phonetic).
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Verses on the Five-Syllable Dhāraṇī, in One Fascicle
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竦慄 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie xi + gong. The Erya says: "竦 means fear." The Shijing says: "Neither fearful nor terrified [不戁不竦]." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie li + zhi. The Kaosheng says: "Trembling with fright." The Shijing says: "Trembling in dread [惴惴其慓]." The Shuowen says: "Classified under 'heart' [心], with 票 as phonetic").
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涕泣 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie ta + li. The Yunji says: "Fluid of the eyes." The Gujin zhengzi has it classified under 'water' [水], with 弟 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie qu + ji. The Qieyun says: "To weep and sob." The Jixun says: "To shed tears without making sound is called 泣").
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泚那 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie qian + li; a Sanskrit word. Examining the character, it describes the appearance of water that is deep and purely limpid).
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Sūtra of the Great Abhiṣeka Radiant Mantra of Amoghapāśa, in One Fascicle
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虵蠍 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie she + zhe. The Mao Shijing says: "Only vipers and serpents." The Zhouyi says: "Snakes belong to creeping insects." The Shuowen classifies it under 它, written as 蛇; 它 is pronounced with the fanqie tu + he. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie xu + ye; the name of a venomous insect).
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米嚲羅 (嚲 is pronounced with the fanqie duo + ke. A Sanskrit word [mṛtāra/medhara?], meaning a corpse here).
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Vajraśekhara: Auspicious Signs of the Mañjuśrī Five-Syllable Mantra Transcending the Three Realms, in One Fascicle
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(Nothing requiring phonetic gloss or explanation).
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Recitation Ritual of Vajrapāṇi-Prabhā-Acala Mahākrodharāja, in One Fascicle
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痠憷 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie su + guan. The Yunji says: "痠 means ache and pain." The Kaosheng says: "Bone pain." The Shuowen says: "Classified under 'sickness' [疒], with an abbreviated 酸 as phonetic." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie chuang + ju. The Yinpu says: "憷 means ache." Gu Yewang says: "Piercing pain in the heart; classified under 'heart' [心], with 楚 as phonetic." It is also pronounced chu in the falling tone. The sūtra text sometimes writes it simply as 楚, which refers to Jingchu or a prefecture name, not the original character).
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芙蓉 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie fang + wu; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie yu + feng. Namely, the lotus [荷蓮]. The Erya says: "The he [荷] is the fuqu [芙渠]." Guo Pu's commentary says: "Another name is furong [芙蓉]; south of the Yangtze it is called he." The Mao Shijing Commentary says: "The unopen bud is called furong [芙蓉]; the opened flower is called handan [菡萏]").
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婆誐𮢥 (The upper syllables are in the departing tone; the bottom syllable is pronounced with the fanqie wang + fan. The sūtra writes 𮢥, which is a vulgar character. A Sanskrit word [bhagavan]. It was formerly rendered as 婆伽婆 [bhagavā], 薄伽梵 [bhagavan], or 薄伽伴, which were all phonetic corruptions. Translated here, it is the general designation for the World-Honoured One encompassing the six meanings).
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鑠訖底 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie shu + zhuo; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie ding + li. A Sanskrit word [śakti], meaning a lance here. When the sūtra mentions "holding a śakti in hand," it refers to the lance held by the Krodharāja. The lower character 底 is sometimes written in sūtras as 底 pronounced zhi, which is not the original Sanskrit sound).
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嚩日囉 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie wu + man. The two syllables 日囉 are read as a conjunct. The correct Sanskrit word [vajra] was formerly rendered as 伐闍羅 or 跋折羅; translated here as "adamantine" [金剛]. When the sūtra states "or holding a vajra," it refers to the vajra held by Acala).
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Recitation Method of the Lotus Family for the Realisation of Avalokiteśvara's Great Compassion, in One Fascicle
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糠粃 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie ku + gang; also written as 糠. The Yunlve says: "Chaff of rice." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie bu + ji; also written as 秕. Gu Yewang says: "Grain that does not mature." The Guoyu says: "The army had neither blighted grain nor chaff." Both are classified under 'grain' [禾]).
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棘刺 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie ji + li. The Yunji says: "The name of a small date tree." The lower character is also written as 㓨, pronounced with the fanqie qi + ci. The Erya says: "茦 means thorns." Guo Pu's commentary says: "Thorns and prickles on plants." 茦 is pronounced with the fanqie chu + ge. The Fangyan says: "All plants and trees that prick people").
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脹顋 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie zhi + liang. The Kaosheng says: "Full." The Qieyun says: "Swollen elbows." Classified under 'flesh' [肉], with an abbreviated 張 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie su + lai. The Shuowen says: "顋 means the jaw [頷]." 頷 is pronounced with the fanqie hu + gan. The Zishu says: "Cheek." The sūtra text writes it as 腮, a vulgar character).
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跣足 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie su + dian. The Jixun says: "The foot directly touching the ground." Classified under 'foot' [足], with 先 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie ji + yu. The Erya says: "足 means toes." Composed of 口 and 止 to make 足. The sūtra text writes it as 足 through cursive script deformation by copyists, which is incorrect).
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應踏 (The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie tu + he. The Shuowen says: "The manner of walking on the ground; classified under 'foot' [足], with 沓 as phonetic." 沓 has the same sound as above. Also written as 蹋. The Qieyun says: "To tread and trample." According to the sūtra, it ought to be written as 蹋; written as 踏, it is also pronounced with the fanqie ta + da).
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䋿珮 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie wu + hui. The Shuowen says: "Five-coloured silk ornament; classified under 'silk' [糸], with 畏 as phonetic." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie pu + mei. The Yunying says: "Jade pendant." The Liji says: "A gentleman of old always used jade pendants to represent virtue").
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香緌 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie xu + liang. The Shuowen says: "Fragrant and sweet-smelling." Correctly classified under 'millet' [黍]; written as 𪏽 or 薌, meaning the smell of grain. The sūtra text writes it with 'grass' [草] as 萫, which is not the standard character. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie ru + jia. The Yupian says: "A cap streamer." The Erya says: "褘 means a pendant tassel [緌]." Guo's commentary says: "Fragrant streamers crisscrossing and fastening belts around the body are therefore named 褘緌." Classified under 'silk' [糸], with 委 as phonetic. The sūtra text writes it as 蕤, which refers to polygonatum [葳蕤], a medicinal plant, or the fifth lunar month pitchpipe [蕤賓]. According to the sūtra, ornate silk pendants and fragrant tassels adorn the body of Great Compassionate Avalokiteśvara; writing 萫蕤 greatly contradicts the intent of the sūtra).
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𣱦氳 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie fu + fen; the lower character is pronounced with the fanqie yu + yun. The Shuowen says: "氛氳 denotes auspicious vapor; sometimes written as 氛, the primordial vapor." Both characters are classified under 'vapor' [气], with 分 and 昷 as phonetic components. 气 has the sound qì).
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- 續一切經音義 — Classical Chinese