Yāska's Nirukta 43
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 43
- Language
- Sanskrit
Contents
- 43.1 — 6 parts
43.1.1
āha-kimudāharaṇam ? ucyate “tanū̱tyaje̍va̱ taska̍rā vana̱rgū ra̍śa̱nābhi̍rda̱śabhi̍ra̱bhya̍dhītām | i̱yaṃ te̍ agne navya̍sī ma̱nī̱ṣā yu̱kṣvā ratha̱ṃ na śu̱caya̍dbhira̱ṅgaiḥ || (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 5, 12, 6)” | tritasyeyamāptyasyārṣam | triṣṭup | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate || “tanūtyajā” “tanūtyaktā” cauryābhiprāyeṇa hartavyaṃ vā marttavyaṃ veti kṛtādhyavasāyau taskarau “vanargū ~~~~~^1" mārgamoṣakau prasūtau, tābhyāmupamimīte | tau yathā upamārthatvena supuṣṭau bhavataḥ, na tathā grāmataskarau | tau yathā kañcidadhvagaṃ badhnīyātāṃ rajjvā | evam etau asmadvāhū “raśanābhiḥ” aṅgulībhiḥ “daśabhiḥ” daśasaṃkhyāyoginībhiḥ “abhyadhītāṃ” pratinibadhnītām | abhinibadhya ca agnimanthanayoktreṇa adharāraṇyuttarāraṇībhūtaṃ tvāṃ taskarā pick kañcidadhvagaṃ gāḍhaṃ baddhā subhṛśamākarṣataḥ || kimarthaṃ punarevaṃ sādhyase'smābhiḥ ? he 'agne !' 'iyaṃ' yasmāt ‘navyasī' navatarā, anyaiḥ stotṛbhiḥ adṛṣṭapūrvā, yuṣmadṛgbhiḥ saṃskṛtya vivakṣitā, ‘te' tava 'manīṣā' stutiḥ pradhānasaṃyuktā | sa tvametajjñātvā em̐bamabhimathyamāno'smābhiḥ ‘yukṣva’ yojaya ātmānamaraṇī prati | araṇibhyāṃ 'śucayadbhiḥ' dīpyamānaiḥ svaiḥ 'aṅgaiḥ' jvālākhyaiḥ || kathaṃ punaryojaya ? 'rathaṃ na' yathā kaścit kutaścit ājigamiṣuḥ śīghraṃ rathaṃ yojayet, evamevāvataraṇāya tvamātmānamābhyāmaraṇaubhyāṃyojaya mā no yajñe vighnaṃ kārṣīrityabhiprāyaḥ | “tanūtyak tanūtyaktau” ityarthaḥ | vanargū vanagāminau tatra hi tayoścauryaṃ sidhyati |
43.1.2
evamasyāmṛci “abhimanthanau” “bāhū” praśastau “taskarābhyām” apraśastābhyām “upamimīte” mantradṛk || “taskaraḥ” “tatkaraḥ” tasya eva karttā “bhavati” yataḥ saḥ “yataḥ” eva “karoti” tat “pāpakam” bhavati “iti nairuktāḥ” manyante | vaiyākaraṇānāṃ punaranyathāpi syāt | sa hi “santatakarmā bhavati” rātrau grāme muṣṇāti, divā araṇye || evam“ahorātrakarmā vā” etadeva ca tat santatakarmatvam | “raśanābhirdaśabhirabhyadhītām” ityeva “tatra” bāhvoḥ “jyāyān” “guṇo'bhipretaḥ” tayoḥ praśastatvāt, apraśastatvācca taskarayoḥ kanīyān | 3 | 14 | kva svidrātrau bhavathaḥ, kva divā, kvābhiprāriṃ kuruthaḥ, kva vasathaḥ, ko vāṃ śayane 'vidhaveva devaraṃ' (devaraḥ kasmād dvitīyo vara ucyate ) vidhavā vidhātṛkā bhavati | vidha- dvitīyamudāharaṇametasminnevārthe “athāpi kanīyasā jyāyāṃsam ( a0 3. khaṃ0 13 )” iti, —“kuha̍svid doṣā ( ṛ0 saṃ 7, 8, 18, 2 )” iti | kakṣīvato duhitā ghoṣā nāma, tasyā iyamarṣim | āśvinī | jagatī | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate || he aśvinau ! “kuha svin doṣā” “kva” nu yuvāṃ “rātrau bhavathaḥ” ? “kuha vastoḥ” “kva” vā “divā” bhavathaḥ yuvām ? yena nāpi rātrau asmākaṃ darśanamupagacchathaḥnāpi divā | sviditi paridevanāyām, īrṣyāyāṃ vā | “kuha” “kva” ca “abhiṣitvam” “abhiprāptiṃ” snānabhojanādyarthaṃ “kuruthaḥ”? “kuha” “kva” vā “ūṣatuḥ” “vasathaḥ”? sarvathā na vijñāyate vāmāgamanapravṛttiḥ || kiñca, “ko vāṃ śayutrā” katamo yuvāṃ yajamānaḥ śayutrā “śayane” ?
43.1.3
kiṃ “vidhavāṃ iva devaram” yathā vidhavā mṛtabhartṛkā kācit strī śayane rahasyatitagaṃ yatnavatī devaramupacarati, sa hi parakīyatvāt nāryā durārādhyataro bhavatīti yatnenopacaryate, na tathā nijo bharttā | tasmāt tenopamimīte aśvinau | tathā “maryaṃ” manuṣya devaram, saiva mṛtabhartṛkā “yoṣā” “ā” “kṛṇute” ābhimukhyena kurutaṃ | ko vām evam ābhimukhyena “sadhasthe” “sahasthāne” samāne sahayogināvātmanā kṛtvā paricacāra ? yeneha nopagatavantau stho'smaddarśanamiti || evamasyāmṛci devareṇa kanīyasā jyāyāṃsāvaśvināvupamīyete, vidhavayā ca yajamānaḥ || athaikapadaviruddham | “vidhavā vidhātṛkā bhavati” dhātā dhārayitā, sa tasyāḥ poṣayitā vā bharttā, vigata iti vidhavā || “vidhavanādvā” sā hi bharttṛmaraṇena vidhutā kampiteva bha̍vati || “vidhāvanādvā” sā hi bhartturabhāvādanirudhyamānā tatra tatra vidhāvatyeva || “iti” evaṃ ‘carmaśirāḥ’ ācāryo manyate || “api vā dhava iti manuṣyanāma, tadviyogād vidhavā” || “devaraḥ” ityeṣa śabdo “dīvyatikarmā” dīvyatyarthaḥ | sa hi bharturbhātā nityameva tayā bhrātṛbhāryyayā devanārthaṃ priyata iti ‘devara’ ityucyate || lokāntaraṃ gacchedityeko'rthaḥ | eva ca ‘bālasaṃvardhanaṃ muktā bālāpatyā na gacchati|’ ityādismṛtiṣu prāmāṇya darśayatyatha śabda | mānuṣa stvanenāpatyena saha svāpamupamayā bādhayati ||
43.1.4
yadvā- ‘yena patyā'smim̐lloke krīḍitā tenaiva saha krīḍārthaṃ bharttāramanugacchet’ ityarthasūcanena “vyālagrāhī yathā sarpa balāduddharate bilāta | tadvaduddhṛtya sā nārī tenaiva saha modate || tatra sā bhartṛparamā stūyamānā'psarogaṇaiḥ | krīḍate patinā sārddhaṃ yāvadindrāścaturdaśa||’ ityādismṛtiṣu prāmāṇya darśayana anvārohaṇamevāha || yadvā-‘diviraiśvaryyavacanaḥ’ iti “paktiviṃśati-” iti sūtre bhāṣyaprāmāṇyena devaraśabda īśvarārthakaḥ | tathā ca ‘yastaddharaṇe samarthaḥ pitā bhrātā putro vā tamāśrayet’ ityarthośrayaṇena “pitṛmātṛsutabhrātṛśvaśrūśvaśuramātulaiḥ | hīnā na syādvinā bhartrā garhaṇīyā'nyathā bhavet” ityādismṛtiṣu prāmāṇya darśitavān || yadvā-devaraśabdasya parameśvarārthakatvena ‘parameśvarabhaktiparāyaṇā brahmacaryeṇa kāla kṣapayet’ ityarthaṃ sūcayan “āsītāmaraṇātkṣāntā niyatā brahmacāriṇī | yo dharma ekapatnīnāṃ kāṅkṣantī tamanuttamam || anekāni sahasrāṇi kaumārabrahmacāriṇām | divaṃ gatāni viprāṇāmakṛtvā kulasaṃtatim ||” ityādismṛtiṣu prāmāṇyaṃ sūcayan brahmacaryamupadiśati || ityevaṃ sarvathā'navadyo'yaṃ mārgaḥ || “devaraḥ kasmāt ? dvitīyo vara ucyate” iti niruktāśrayaṇe tu bhinneva vyavasthātathāhi ‘tadviyogāt’ ityatratyasya viśabdasyāpi vyākhyā'gre ‘vijāmātuḥ-asusamāptājjāmātuḥ | vijāmāteti śaśvad dākṣiṇātyāḥ krītāpattimācakṣate | amukhamāpta eva varo'bhiprataḥ’ iti ( 6 |
43.1.5
9 | 1 ) niruktadarśiteva graṃtheti ‘tasya patyurasusamāptayogād vidhavā kathyate | yogaśca vadhūvarayāṃścatuthākarmaṇyeva bhavati na tu tataḥ prāk’ tathā coktam-gṛhyasūtreṣu-‘tāvubhau tatprabhṛti trirātramakṣāralavaṇāśinau brahmacāriṇau bhūmau saha śayīyātām || ūrddhaṃ trirātrātsambhavaḥ” iti | eva ca caturthīkarmaṇi kṣatatvaṃ na tataḥ prāk || tathā ca caturthīkarmaṇaḥ prāk tasyāḥ patigotrāya- grāhyā'nanyapūrvātvameva nirṇayate | tasyā vivāhe 'ananyapūrvvikām' ityanenāpi na virodhaḥ || tathāca smṛtayaḥ"vivāhe caiva nirvṛtte caturthe'hani rātriṣu | ekatvamāgatā bhartuḥ piṇḍe gotre ca sūtake || caturthīhomamantreṇa tvaṅmāṃsahṛdayendriyaiḥ | bhartrā saṃyujyate patnī tadgotrā tena sā bhavet || adbhirvācā ca dattāyāṃ mriyetordhvaṃ varo yadi | na ca mantropanītā syātkumārī pitureva sā || pāṇigrāhe mṛte bālā kevalaṃ mantrasaṃskṛtā | sā cedakṣatayoniḥ syātpunaḥ saṃskāramarhati || kanyaivākṣatayoniryā pāṇigrahaṇadūṣitā | punarbhaḥ prathamā nāma punaḥ saṃskāramarhati || deśadharmānavekṣya strī gurubhiryā pradīyate | utpannassahavā'nyasmai sā dvitīyā prakīrtitā || asatsu devareṣu strī bāndhavairyā pradīyate | savarṇāya sapiṇḍāya sā tṛtīyā prakīrtitā ||" 'asatsu devareṣu' ityanena 'devarasattve'nyasmai naiva deyā' iti vaidikadevaraśabdasya praśaṃsena sūcyate'yasyā mriyeta kanyāyā vācā satye kṛte patiḥ | tāmanena vidhānena nijo vindeta devaraḥ ||' vivāhottara caturtharātrau vadhūvarayoḥ sayogasaṃbhavo vihitaḥ |
43.1.6
tadanyathā'nupapattyā 'triṃśadvarṣo vaheta kanyāṃ hṛdyāṃ dvādaśavārṣikīm |' iti manūktavivāhakālāṅgīkāra eva sarvasmṛtigṛhyamavādaḥ | natvaṣṭavarṣādivivāhe | aṣṭavarṣāśabda ekaśeṣāṅgīkārastu rāmamiśrāṇāṃ prauḍhivādenaiva, ekaśeṣasūtrasthabhāṣyavirodhāt | 'tryaṣṭavarṣaḥ' ityatra triśabdoccāraṇavaiyarthyācca || nijadevarāsaṃbhavaṃ tu niruktopadarśitayogārtho'ṅgīkāryaḥ-tathā coktaṃ parāśareṇa'naṣṭe mṛte prabrajite klībe ca patite'patau | pañcasvāpatsu nārīṇāṃ patiranyo vidhīyate' atra cāmusamāptapadottarapadabhūtamamamāptapadalopaṃ 'apatau' ityatra niruktasaṃvādāṅgīkārāya samāsāṅgīkāre visrabdhāpi nirbādhaiveti tattvam || dākṣiṇātyamate tu pūrṇapratijñātamūlyālābhe kanyā dvitīyaṃ pūrṇamūlyadātāraṃ varamāśrayetaveti vaiśyādijātau vaiśyādivyabhicāriṇīṣu dṛśyata eva tādṛśo vyavahāraḥ | tatra kiṃ parokṣaṃ vyavahāranipuṇānāmiti dik || eva ca catasro gatayo vidhavānāṃ pratibhānti tatra patau prete brahmacāriṇī uttamā | brahmacarye sthātumasamarthā patimanugacchantī madhyamā | brahmacaryapatyanugamanayorasamarthā, punarbhūtvamaṅgīkurvatī adhamā| punarbhūtvamapyanaṅgīkurvatī vyabhicārajātagarbhādi niḥsārayantī bhrūṇahatyādidoṣādhikyād adhamādhamā || evaṃ caturvidhāsu vidhavāgatiṣu tisro gatīruttamamadhyamādhamā upadideśāyaṃ mantraḥ | na tvadhamādhamagati caturthīmiti sarvamanavadyam ||
43.2
“atha nipātāḥ” jyāyasā kanīyānkanīyasā ca jyāyānapamīyate iti sāmānyamuktam, atha anaṃtaraṃ ye nipātāḥ samāmnātāḥ | yathā-“am̐gninaye” ityevamādayaḥ, te svāvam̐saraprāptāḥ | te ca punaḥ “purastādeva vyākhyātāḥ” 1 |
4 || (sāmānyataḥ, viśeṣataḥ) idānīmudāharaṇato vyākhyāyante || tatra “yathā iti” eṣā “karmopamā”| kimudāharaṇam ? “yathā̍ vāto̱ yathā̱ vana̱ṃ yathā̍ samu̱dra eja̍ti | e̱vā tvaṃ da̍śamāsya sa̱hāve̍hi ja̱rāyu̍ṇā ||” iti (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 4, 20,4)” | saptavadhirātreyo'paśyat etāmanuṣṭubham| garbhānumantraṇe viniyuktā | yathā vātavanasamudrāḥ ejante kampante, ‘evā’ evaṃ ‘tvaṃ’ he ‘daśamāsya’ daśamāsasambhūta ! garbha ! etasmāt māturudarāt aduḥkhayan etām, ejan calan ‘avehi’ arvāṅ ehi, ‘saha’ ‘jarāyuṇā’ ulbena prajāyasva, mā sthāḥ tvametasminnudare ityabhiprāyaḥ || aparamudāharaṇam, — “adṛ̍śramasya ke̱tavo̱ vira̱śmayo̱ janā̱m̐ anu̍ | bhrāja̍nto a̱gnayo̍ yathā ||” iti (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 4, 7, 3) |
praskaṇvasyārṣam | gāyatrī | sauryo'nayātigrāhyo gṛhyate pṛṣṭhyasya ṣaṣṭhe'hani | 'adṛśram', 'asya' 'ketavaḥ' raśmayaḥ 'vi' vividhāḥ dṛśyante'sya bhagavataḥ sūryyasya praśānasatattvāḥ, te hi tamo'pahṛtya sarvaprāṇināṃ prajñānamabhivyañjayantīti ta eva ketava ityucyante lakṣaṇayā || athavā prakāśasatattvāsta iti sākṣādeva ketuśabdasteṣu syāt | keturiti vijñānamucyate, vijñānaṃ ca punaḥ prakāśaḥ, prakāśasatattvāścaita iti ketava ityucyante | athavā ketava iva sarvato diśamucchritā ādityamaṇḍale, dhvajo hi keturityucyate || ke punaste ? iti, 'raśmayaḥ' | te kiṃ kurvanti ya evamucchritāḥ ? iti, ucyate-'janān anu' tiṣṭhanti gacchanti tamāṃsyapahantumanyāṃścopakārān kartumoṣadhipākādīn || kathaṃ punaranutiṣṭhanti ? "bhrājantaḥ" dīpyamānāḥ || katham ? "agnayo yathā" yena prakāreṇa agnayo bhrājante, tathā bhrājanto'nutiṣṭhanti ||
ātharvaṇo bhiṣak, teneyamoṣadhisūkte dṛṣṭā | anuṣṭup || etena punarupatapto dīkṣita ekaviṃśatibhirdarbhapiñjūlī miśrābhiradbhiśchamaṣicyate | upatāpaśāntyarthamanenaiva sūktenābhiccayanārthaṃ kṣetraṃ grāmyāraṇyābhiroṣadhibhirnyupyate| 'yat' yadā 'aham' 'imāḥ' 'oṣadhīḥ' 'haste' 'ādadhe' ādhāya ca sannikarṣe'pi tiṣṭhāmi rogiṇaḥ-etāḥ oṣadhīḥ 'vājayan' pūjayan stuvannityarthaḥ | atha tadaiva tadanantarameva 'purā' eva tāsāmoṣadhīnāṃ prayogāt asmāt sunītām oṣadhivīryam, asahyaṃ manvānaḥ "ātmā" "yakṣmasya" yakṣmaṇaḥ "naśyati" rogasyāpunarāgamanāya || kathaṃ punarnaśyati ? "jīvagṛbhaḥ yathā" yathā jīvagrāhasya, puraiva hananāt, ahatasyaiva jīvo naśyet vipado daivāt, evamātmā rogasyāpi puraivāaiṣadhiprayogāt naśyatītyabhiprāyaḥ ||
"vṛkṣasya nu te puruhūta vayāḥ"-ityetat purastāda (1 | 4) vyākhyātam |
43.4
"ā ityākāra upasargaḥ" sa punareṣaḥ "purastādeva vyākhyātaḥ"-"ā ityarvāgarthe" ( 1 | 3 ) iti |
16 |
43.5
"athāpi" ayamākāraḥ kadācit "upamārthe" api "dṛśyate"| tadyathā, "jāra ā bhagam" iti || kimuktaṃ bhavati ? "jāra iva bhagam" iti || āha-ko'yamatra jāra ityucyate ? "ādityo'tra jāraḥ" iti "ucyate" asmin mantre | sa hi "rātrerjarayitā" | tadudaye hi rātrija̍ryite viparaṇamatītyarthaḥ | "sa eva bhāsām" candrādīnāṃ yā bhāsaḥ tā api sa eva udyan jarayati ||
"udī̍raya pi̱tarā̍ jā̱ra ā bhaga̱mirya̍kṣati ha̱ryato̍ hṛ̱tta ī̍ṣyati | viva̍kti̱ vahni̍ḥsva̱pa̱syate̍ ma̱khasta̍vi̱ṣyate̱ asu̍ro vepa̍te ma̱tī || (ṛ.saṃ. 07,6,10,1)” | aṅgiraḥputro havirdhāne etayā jagatyā abhimastaut | pitṛmedhe viniyuktā || he bhagavannagne ! sarvagataṃ santamaśeṣasthamātmānaṃ viśeṣātmalābhāya 'udīraya' udgamayaiva | araṇī pitarau prati || athavā dyāvāpṛthivyau, pitarau syātām, “dyaurme̍ pi̱tā mā̱tā pṛ̍thi̱vī ||” (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 3, 20, 3)"| ahorātre vā, te prati viśeṣātmalābhāyopajvalya tvamātmānam | kathaṃ ca punarudīraya ? 'jāra ā bhagam' | jāra iva bhagam | jāra ādityo yathā bhagaṃ bhajanīyaṃ bhaumamāntarikṣaṃ ca rasaṃ svaṃ vā jyotirūrddhamīrayati, evaṃ tvamātmānaṃ pitarau pratyudīraya || kasmāt punarevamādaravān bravīmi ? yasmādeva yajamānaḥ 'iyakṣati'
yaṣṭumicchati devān, ‘haryyataḥ’ havīṃṣi prepsataḥ | na ca tvadṛte śakye'dhyeyam | tvameva hi prativiśiṣṭaṃ yajñasādhanaṃ sarvamanyattavaiva guṇabhūtam | kiṃca, ayaṃ yajamānaḥ ‘hṛttaḥ’ hṛdayena ‘iṣyati’ icchatyātmano'bhilaṣitān kāmān || na ca devānaniṣṭvā śakyāste prāptumiti ato bravīmi-devayāgāya yajamānakāmaprāptaye ca udīraya tvamātmānamiti || kiñca, ayamapi ‘vahniḥ’ yajñavoḍhā hotā ‘svapasyate’yajamānāya abhīṣṭakāmopapipādayiṣayā devatitarṣayiṣayā ca tṛptaye jagadanugrahāya ca ṛtvigbhiḥ karma kriyamāṇamicchati ‘vivakti’ ca | ato bravīmi,-ātmānamabhyudīraya pitarau prati viśeṣātmalābhāya | kiṃca, ‘makhaḥ’ ‘taviṣyate’ parisamāptiṃ yāsyati upakramādārabhyāpavargāt | ato bravīmi-udīraya tvamātmānamiti || kiñca, ayamapyadhvaryuḥ ‘asuraḥ’ asumān prajñāvān atikuśalaḥ asmin yajñakarmaṇi ‘vepate matī’ matyā vepate protkampamānahṛdaya āste sādaraḥ prahvībhūtaḥ, api nāmāyamudīrayedātmāna tato'hamenadyajñakarma tanuyāmiti | ato bravīmi,--udīraya tvamātmānamiti || api vā-asuro brahmā, sa hi trayīvidyopajanitaprajñānaḥ || api codgātā asuraḥ, sa hi prāṇenāmunā tadvān udgīthasya prāṇavṛttyadhīnatvād viśeṣaṇam || api vā yajñādhidaivataivānvādiśyate'sura ityanena tasyā ānantaryāt | api vā-sarva evaite yajamānādayo'nvādiśyeran, sarveṣāṃ prakṛtatvāt | ‘asuraḥ’ asurāḥ ‘vepate’ vepanta iti, sarva ete yajamānādayo'sumantaḥ matibhirvepante, protkampamānahṛdayā āsate, yuṣmadātmodīraṇapratīkṣāḥ | api nāma ayamagnirudīrayedātmānaṃ tato no'bhipretārthasāphalyaṃ syāditi | ato bravīmi,-udīraya tvamātmānamaraṇyodīnāṃ pitṝṇāmanyatamau pitarau prati || api vaitāveva pitarau dampatī patnīyajamānau agnyādheyena tava jananasambandhena pitarau | he bhagavan ! agne ! tāvetau yajñavipariṇāmakāle etasmin pratyupasthite devayānena vā pitṛyānena vā mārgeṇa udīraya udgamaya yathāprārthitaphalaprāptaye | samānamanyaduktaśeṣaṃ pūrveṇārthena |
16 |
43.6
yathā ādityo jāraśabdenocyate, “tathā api” ayaṃ “nigamo bhavati” | athānye 'pi bahavaḥ ityapiśabdaḥ ||
eṣā gāyatrī | bharadvājasyārṣam | “ehi vāṃ vimuco napādāghṛṇeḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 8, 21, 1)”-ityetasmin pauṣṇe sūkte | ‘mātuḥ didhiṣum’ mātā rātrirādityasya | sa hi bhagavān rātryā jaghane prātarudeti kumāra iva striyāḥ prasavakāle | tena jñāyate rātrerevāsau jāyata iti, ato rātrirmātā | tasyāḥ sa eva dhārayitā roddhā, tam māturdidhiṣaṃ dhārayitāramaham ‘abruvam’ uktavānasmi yanme'bhipretam | sa eva cādityaḥ ‘mama’ ‘sakhā’ samānakhyānaḥ | yathaivāhametasmin yajñe jagadanugrāhake karmaṇi abhipravṛttaḥ, evamasāvapi tāpaprakāśapākarāsādānavarṣādilakṣaṇe karmaṇi jagadanugrāhake abhipravṛttaḥ, ityetasmādāvayoḥ samānakhyānatvam | yataḥ sa ya evaṃ mama samānakhyānaḥ, ato madhyamasya ca ‘indrasya’ ‘bhrātā’ udakabhāgaharttā || atha vā madhyamasyaivodakena bharttavyaḥ, tena hyasau dīpyate || sa punaḥ kiṃ karotu ? yacca pūrvamahamabruvaṃ tacca sādhayatu | sāmprataṃ ca yad brūmaḥ, tacca ‘śṛṇotu’ ‘naḥ’ śrutvā ca tadapi sādhayatvityabhiprāyaḥ || “svasurjāraḥ” iti | asmin mantre svasṛśabdena mantradṛk “uṣasam” “āha” || kena punaḥ sāmānyeneti ? ucyate-“sāhacaryādvā rasaharaṇādvā”| bhrātā svasrā sākaṃ bālye nityameva carati, tathā coṣasā sākamāditya ityetat sāmānyam | ādityo hi pūṣā, “atha yadraśmipoṣaṃ puṣyati, tat pūṣā bhavati”-iti hi vakṣyati | tasmāt pauṣṇe etasmin mantre jāratvametat ādityasya darśitam | rasaharaṇādvā uṣāḥsvasāmbādityasya | bhrātṛsvasroḥ sahabho janābhiprāyaṃ sāmānyam | “api tvayaṃ manuṣyajāra evābhipretaḥ syāt” athādityo'pi manuṣyajāraḥ | pārajāyika ityeṣaśabdaḥ || ayamevāsmin mantre “udī̍raya pi̱tarā̍ jā̱ra ā bhaga̍m (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 6, 10, 1)”-ityabhipreto mantradṛśaḥ, nairuktānāṃ vā syāt | “tathā” punaḥ sati “strībhagaḥ” eva “syāt” | bhagaḥ “bhajateḥ” sevanārthasya | sa hi sevyate maithunārthibhiḥ puruṣaiḥ | jāro manuṣyaḥ, sa hi parakīyāṃ striyaṃ bhogena mātrīṅgikeṇa nirdayo bhūtvā jarayati vipariṇāmayati, mlānarūpāṃ karoti, na tathā nijo bharttā | taṃ ca dṛṣṭvā taddarśanenaivodīrita eva yathā striyāḥ bhaga upasthaḥ, puruṣaśiśnasaṃprayogātkaṇṭhatayā ādīrbhavati, tathaivāmagaṇiṣoktādihantānasmān yuṣmannimanthiṣūn dṛṣṭvodīraya tvamātmānaṃ he bhagavanna ! -ityevaṃ yojyaṃ jāraśabde manuṣyaviṣaye sati|
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43.7
nigamaprasaktamucyate,-“meṣo miṣateḥ” darśanārthasya || paryāyaprasaktamucyate,-“tathā paśuḥ paśyateḥ” iti, paśyati hyasau ||
kāṇvasyaiva medhyātitheriyamāryam | aindrī | gāyatrī | he ‘adrivaḥ’ adrivan ! vajrin ! ‘itthā’ amunā prakāreṇa “meṣo bhūtaḥ” | itthamanena śabdena amunetyetacchabdaparyāyavācinā abhigamanaprakārametasmādeva mantradṛgdarśanād vijñāya abhinayena mantradṛgvarttamānaḥ kāṇvo medhātithirdarśayati, he adrivana ! evamanyakalpāntargāṇameva ‘medhyātithiṃ’ ‘dhīvantaṃ’ karmavantaṃ vā ‘abhiyana’ āhūto yājñe karmāṇi ābhimukhyenābhyudyatairmahadbhirdīyaiḥ yana gacchan, āhvānasamanantarameva avilambamānaḥ ‘meṣo bhūtaḥ’ meṣa iva kiñcidapyuttaramabruvan ta gauravāvagatamityā anena prakāreṇa ‘ayaḥ’ tvam āptavānāsi | na ca tadasmākamapratyakṣam | etasmādeva mantradarśanādakhilaṃ tad vijānīmo vayaṃ yato'to brūmaḥ | apavṛtte tasmin kāṇve medhyātithau mahāntyamanvantarāṇyatikrāntirbhāg dānīmasya manorantare medhātithiprāpakeṇa karmaṇā medhātithipadam, tadaha prāptavāna | so'haṃ brave,-yāḥ tāḥ kāṇvamedhātithidvāraṃṇa stutayaḥ nityāḥ prādurbhavanti | etāsā prabandhamapi varttate | sa tvametāḥ śuśrūṣuḥ, havīṃṣi cāsmatpradattāni pratijighṛkṣuḥ, pūrvakāṇvamedhātithivadasmānapyabhyehi, kimarthaṃ vā nābhyepītyabhiprāyaḥ |
16 |
43.8
“agniriti” eṣā “rūpopamā” | “hiraṇyarūpo hiraṇyasaṃdṛk” iti ||
gṛtsamadasyeyamārṣam | triṣṭup | apānnapāddevatā|kumbheṣṭakopadhāne'gnicayane viniyuktā || ‘hiraṇyarūpaḥ’ hiraṇyasamānarūpaḥ | api ca, ‘saḥ’ ‘apānnapāt’ madhyasthāno vaidyuto'gnirādityasya putro'pānnapāt, prāvṛṭakāle varṣārttānāṃ prajānāmannārthinīnāṃ ca ‘hiraṇyasandṛk’ hiraṇyamiva sandṛśyamānaḥ manaḥprītijanakaḥ || api ca sa eva ‘hiraṇyavarṇaḥ’ hiraṇyamiva varaṇīyaḥ prārthanīyāṃ bhūtānām || ya evaṃguṇayukto'pānnapāt, sa kiṃ karotu ? iti'hiraṇyayāt' tejomayāt 'yoneḥ' ādityāt vinirgatya 'pariniṣadya' sarvato niṣadya madhyasthāne abhrajālenāntarikṣalokaṃ vyāpya [ 'hiraṇyadāḥ'- ityekaṃ padaṃ visarjanīyāntam ] 'hiraṇyadāḥ' hiraṇyadātā | so'pānnapāt paripadya 'dadāti' dadatu 'annam' avahetūdakam 'asmai' yajamānāya iti | "samudrādūrmirmadhumām̐ udā̍ran ( ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 8, 10, 1 )"- ityādityamuktaṃ manyante, ityatasmād darśanādapāṃ putra ādityaḥ | "ādūto agnimabharadvivasva̍taḥ" ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 5, 10, 4 )"- ityataścādityasyāpi vaidyuto'gniḥ putraḥ, ityevamasāvapānnapāt apāṃ naptā |
16 |
43.9
'thā' ityaya copamāśabdaḥ || āha-kimudāharaṇam ? ucyate - "taṃ pra̱tnathā̍ pūrva̱thā vi̱śvathe̱mathā̍ jyeṣṭha̱tā̍tiṃ ba̱rhiṣada̍ṃ svarvi̱dam | pra̱tīcī̍naṃ vṛ̱jana̍ṃ dohase gi̱rāśuṃ jaya̍nta̱manu̱ yāsu̱ vardha̍se ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 2, 23, 1 )” | iti avatsāraḥ pañcadaśarcaṃ sūktamapaśyada vaiśvadevam, tasmin vaiśvadeve sūkte prathamāmevaitāṃ jagatīmapaśyat || vaiśvadeveṣu ca sūkteṣu ekadevatā api mantrā bhavantyeva | vāhavṛcye vājapeye marutvatī śatre viniyukteyam | carakādhvaryavaḥ punaranayā manthinaṃ gṛhṇanti | teṣāṃ punaḥ śrutiḥ, - "prajāpatervā ete cakṣuṣī yacchukrāmanthinau, asāvādityaḥ śukraḥ, candramā manthī" ityeva candradaivato'yaṃ mantraḥ| api vā “tasmai sūryāya havirā̱juho̍ta” - iti havanamantre sūryaśravaṇāt sūryadaivato'yam || śaunakastu dāśataye samāmnāye mantradevatā anukramamāṇaḥ “ko nu vām̐ mitrāvaruṇau ( ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 3, 9 sū0 )"-ityata ārabhya vaiśvadevānyekādaśasūktānyavocat | teṣāṃ "taṃ pratnathā̍ (ṛ0saṃ05, 3, 12,sū0)" ityetaccaturthaṃ sūktam | tena tanmatyā vaiśvadeva eṣa mantraḥ syāt | vājasaneyināṃ punaranayā śukro gṛhyate | sa ca mā prathamā saṃskṛtirityanenaindreṇa hūyate, tena teṣāmapyayamaindra eva | cārake punarādhvaryavaṃ śrutiḥ śuklāmanthinoḥ, tasmādetāvanyadevatau gṛhyete- 'athendrāya hūyete' iti || tena jñāyate-yadyapi havanamantra aindro manthinaḥ, tathāpi grahaṇamantro naindra iti | sa eṣa sarvathāpyevaṃ duravadhāradevatau mantraḥ, aniruktadevatāliṅgatvat || śaṇḍāmarkastvasurapu-
rodhasoḥ sammohanārthamanenāniruktadevatāliṅgena mantreṇānyataraḥ śukrāmanthinorgṛhyate| "śaṇḍāmarkā vā asurāṇāṃ purohitāvāstām"-ityupakramya “tāvetau śukrāmanthināvāvṛṇethām” ityuktvā “tāvapandyāthendrāyojuhuyuḥ”-ityuktam | tasmāttāvanenāniruktadevatāliṅgena mantreṇa sammohyete | saumyo vā syādayam, somo hyucyate manthipātreṇa śukrapātreṇa gṛhyamāṇaḥ, gṛhīto vā saptadaśaśastraśaṃsanābhiprāyeṇa | he bhagavan ! soma ! tamindraṃ vā vaiśvadevaṃ gaṇaṃ vā ‘jyeṣṭharājaṃ’ jyeṣṭhadīptim | atha vā jyeṣṭhaḥ śreṣṭhaḥ sarveṣāṃ devānāmindraḥ, sa yasya rājā, so'yaṃ jyeṣṭharāṭ vaiśvadevagaṇaḥ, taṃ jyeṣṭharājam | barhiṣyāhṛto yajvabhiḥ yaḥ sīdati, sa varhiṣat taṃ‘barhiṣadam’ svariva yo dṛśyate, saḥ svarhak,taṃ ‘svardṛśam’ sūryasamānadarśanamityabhiprāyaḥ | ‘āśuṃ’ śīghram | ‘jayantaṃ’ jetavyānasurādīn | tamevaṅguṇasaṃyuktamindraṃ vaiśvadevaṃ sagaṇāṃ he moma ! ‘yāsu’ kriyāsu ‘anuvarddhase’ punaḥpunaḥ saṃskriyase | sa tvaṃ kriyāsu tāsu tathāvāsthitastvaṃ ‘girā’ stutyā sahitaḥ tvaṃ ‘pratīcīnaṃ’ yajñābhimukham indraṃ vaiśvadevaṃ vā gaṇam avasthāpya svavīryeṇa tarpayitvā asmai yajamānāya ‘vṛjanaṃ’ dhanaṃ ‘dhokṣe’ dhokṣi prakṣārayasi | kathaṃ punaḥ dhokṣi indraṃ vaiśvadevaṃ vā gaṇam ? ‘pratnathā’ cirantanā iva | ye maharṣayo bhṛgvādayaḥ, teṣāṃ yathā dugdhavānasi, tathā asmākamapi dhokṣi | api ca ‘viśvathā ṛṣiputrakāṇāmṛṣīṇāṃ ca sarveṣāṃ yathā dugdhavānasi, tathāsmākamapi dhokṣi | api ca ‘imathā’ yathā varttamānakālīnānāṃ yajamānānāṃ dhokṣi, tathaivāsmākamapīti | evameṣa yathābhimatadevaṃta yojyaḥ ||
imathetyetasmāt prasaktamucyate, -“ayam” ityasya śabdasya kā vyutpattiriti ? ucyate-“etataraḥ” hi āgatatara āsannataraḥ “amuṣmāt” duramdhāt bhavati, so'yamityucyate ||
“asāvityasya kā vyutpattiriti ! ucyate,- “amī astataraḥ” asmāt kṣiptatara iva viprakṛṣṭatvād bhavati | āha-kutaḥ kṣiptataraḥ ? ucyate- “asmāt” etatarāt || asāvityetasmāt prasaktamucyate,-“amuthā, yathā asau iti vyākhyātam” ‘amuthā’ ityetad yathāsau ityanena vyākhyātam | ya evārtho yathā'sāvitya nena śabdenokto bhavati, sa evārthaḥ amuthetyanenāpyukto bhavati |
16 |
43.15
"idaṃ yathā (2)", "agnirna ye (3)", "caturaścid dadamānāt ( 4 )"-ityeṣa smānāyānukramaḥ ( nighaṇṭau 3 | 13 ) | agnirna ya ityasya nighaṇṭusaṃsrasya “durmadāsro na surāyām" ityanenaiva gatārthateti manyamānāḥ kecidatra nigama nādhīyate, apare punaḥ smānāyānukramo'yamiti manyamānā evamevaṃ nigamamadhīyate"agnirna ye bhrāja̍sā rukmava̍kṣaso vātaso na svayuja̍ḥ sadyaūta̍yaḥ | prajñātāro na jyeṣṭhāḥ sunītaya̍ḥ suśarmāṇo na somā ṛtayatè||(ṛ0 sa08,3,12,2)"|| bhārgavasya trasadasyoriyamārṣam | mārutī | jagatī || "agniriva ye marutaḥ" "bhrājamānāḥ" bhrājiṣṇutayā rocanāḥ, yathā kenacit prakarṣaṇa "rukmavakṣasaḥ" rociṣṇūraskāḥ, marutaḥ | kiṃca, 'vātāso na svayujaḥ sadya ūtayaḥ' vātā iva svayujaḥ | svenasvenānugraheṇānurūpaṇānugrāhyāṇāṃ stotṝṇāṃ yojayitāro ye te svayujaḥ || ki teṣām ? vātā iva te sadyaūtayaḥ śīghragataya ityarthaḥ | kiṃca, 'prajñātāro na jyeṣṭhāḥ sunītayaḥ' yathā kecit prakarṣaṇa jñātāraḥ sunītayaḥ syuḥ praśastayā nītyānvitāḥ, evamete'pi marutaḥ | balapradhānā hi te ityataḥ prajñāvadbhirupamīyante | 'suśarmāṇo na somā ṛta̍yate | susukhāḥ subandhava iva santaḥ somāḥ somyāḥ ṛtaṃyate ṛta yajñaṃ kartumicchate yajamānāya | ye etadguṇayuktā maruto bhavaṃti tān vayam abhipretārthasiddhaye stuma iti vākyaśeṣaḥ |
'cidityayamaparo nipāta upamārthīyo bhavati, purastādapyayamuktaḥ ( 1 a0 4 khaṃ0 ) "dadhividyadityapamārthe" | idānīṃ tu samāmnāyaviśeṣavyākhyānāvasaraprāptasya cchāndasasamudāharaṇamasya pradarśyate | katamat punastat ? iti, ucyate- "catura̍0-spṛhayet ( ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 3, 23, 4 )" | mitrāvaruṇāryamṇatṛce ghoraputra etāṃ gāyatrīmapaśyat ||
"caturo'kṣān" dhārayamāṇāt "kitavāt" yo'nyaḥ kitavo "bibhīyāt" kimapi patiṣyate tadanyadvā kiñcid yena māmayaṃ jeṣyatīti | nihiteṣu na tathā bhayaṃ saṃbhavati yathā kitavasya prāṅ nidhānāt | "evaṃ" sarvadā "eva" "duruktāt" "bibhīyāt" udvijedityarthaḥ | tathātathā varttata yathātathā duruktaṃ na śṛṇuyāt, na brūyāt | durukte hi varuṇo devatā, tasmāt "na duruktāya spṛhayet" "kadācit" api, kintu sūktameva hi śṛṇuyād brūyācca, tatra hi mitro devatā aryamā ca |
"brāhmaṇā vratacāriṇaḥ"-ityetadupariṣṭād vyākhyāsyate-"saṃvatsaraṃ śaśayānā (ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 7, 3, 1)"-ityetasmin mantre, caturdaśe'dhyāye (9|
6|11) |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit