一切經音義 92

English (machine translation) 92

Language: English

92.2

From the sixth through the tenth [fascicles of the Xu gaoseng zhuan].

92.3

Sounds and Meanings of the Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle Six

Chouren 稠人 (The first character has the fanqie 長流. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing states: "Chou means dense and straight like hair." The Cang Jie pian states: "Chou means numerous." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Chou means many." It takes the grain radical with zhōu as phonetic.)

92.5

Mokai 模楷 (The first character is pronounced móu. Zheng Xuan's subcommentary on the Mao Shijing states: "Mo means a model." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Mo means a rule." It takes the hand radical with mò as phonetic. The second character, kēng'āi, has the fanqie 崖買. The Guangya states: "Kai means to rub clean." The character dictionaries state: "To trace." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the wood radical with jiē as phonetic.")

92.6

Xie Yue 謝籥 (The second character has the fanqie 羊灼. A personal name.)

92.7

Zhengni 拯溺 (The first character takes the rising tone of the character zhēng. The second character has the fanqie 寧的反. Fully explained earlier in the seventh fascicle of the Biographies of Eminent Monks.)

92.8

Shuran 倏然 (The first character has the fanqie 傷肉. Fully explained earlier in the sixth fascicle of the Biographies of Eminent Monks.)

92.9

Miliè 麛獵 (The first character has the fanqie 覓鼙, read like mí. The commentary on the Zhouli states: "Mi is a fawn." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the deer radical with mǐ as phonetic." The second character has the fanqie 廉輒. Zheng Xuan's subcommentary on the Mao Shijing states: "Hunting by night is called lie." The Gujin zhengzi states: "It takes the dog radical with shǔ as phonetic; shǔ has the same pronunciation as above.")

92.10

Yuyu 御㝢 (The second character has the fanqie 于矩, sharing the same pronunciation as yǔ 宇. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing states: "Yu means to dwell." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the roof radical with yǔ as phonetic; or it takes the shelter radical to form 𢉠, with the same sound as above." The roof radical mián has the sound mián.)

92.11

Jiankuang 縑纊 (The first character has the fanqie 頰嫌. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Jian is silk fabric woven of combined threads." It takes the silk radical with jiān as phonetic; jiān is the standard character for jiān. The second character has the fanqie 廓潢. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji states: "Kuang means floss silk." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Kuang is refuse floss." It takes the silk radical with guǎng as phonetic.)

92.12

Jiaolu 勦戮 (The first character has the fanqie 魚小. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Shangshu states: "Jiao is like to sever." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the strength radical with cháo as phonetic." The second character has the fanqie 隆叔. The character dictionaries state: "Lu means to execute." Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Zhouli states: "To disgrace." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the halberd radical with liù as phonetic"; it has the fanqie 力救.)

92.13

Linjue 臨訣 (The second character is pronounced jué. The Yunlüe states: "Jue means to bid farewell; to part forever with someone at death"; that is, the eternal parting at the approach of death.)

92.14

Rumu 孺慕 (The first character has the fanqie 儒戌. The character dictionaries state: "Ru is like attached." The Shuowen jiezi states: "A ruzi is a young child." It takes the child radical with xū as phonetic; xū is pronounced xū.)

92.15

Jie 秸 (Fanqie: 古八. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Shangshu states: "Jie is like straw." The Yupian states: "Straw and stalks of cereal grain." The character gǎo has the fanqie 高老. The Shuowen jiezi also writes it as 稭, which is the ancient character for jie.)

92.16

Lizhi 莅職 (The first character has the fanqie 梨智. The Fangyan states: "Li means to oversee." Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya states: "Li means to inspect." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the grass radical with wèi as phonetic." The Kaosheng also writes it with the water radical as 涖, with the same pronunciation as above.)

92.17

Junjiā 麕麚 (The first character has the fanqie 桾雲; jūn has the fanqie 軍殞. Liu Zhao's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan states: "Jun is the river deer (zhang)." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the deer radical with qūn as phonetic; qūn is pronounced jùn." The character dictionaries also write it as 麏, with the same pronunciation. The second character has the fanqie 嫁牙. The Erya states: "Jia is a male deer." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Jia is a female deer; on the day of the summer solstice, deer shed their antlers." It takes the deer radical with jiǎ as phonetic; jiǎ is pronounced gǔ. Transmitted texts write it as 䴥, which is a vulgar character.)

92.18

Fuwu 鳧鶩 (The first character has the fanqie 輔無. Gu Yewang states: "Fu is the wild duck." Fully explained earlier in the third fascicle. The second character has the fanqie 蒙卜, also pronounced wù. Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya states: "Wu is also a duck." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Wu is a domestic duck; it takes the bird radical with wù as phonetic.")

92.19

Yingzhan 鷹鸇 (The first character has the fanqie 憶陵. Zheng Xuan's subcommentary on the Mao Shijing states: "The hawk is a bird of prey." The Gujin zhengzi states: "It takes the bird radical with yàn as phonetic." The second character has the fanqie 章然. The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the bird radical with dǎn as phonetic." The Mu Tianzi zhuan also has zhan.)

92.20

Yē'ǎo 野媼 (The second character has the fanqie 奧保. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Ao is an appellation for an elderly woman." It takes the female radical with [咼-(炯-火)+皿] as phonetic; [咼-(炯-火)+皿] has the fanqie 烏魂.)

92.21

Tudie 圖牒 (The first character has the fanqie 杜謨. The Guangya states: "Tu is like to calculate"; calculate is pronounced duó. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Die is like a tablet." It takes the wood-splinter radical with yè as phonetic; yè is pronounced yè. Note: Registers and genealogical charts were made either of bamboo or wooden tablets; their meaning dictates writing with the wood-splinter radical as 牃. Transmitted texts writing it with the speech radical as 諜 are incorrect; dié with the speech radical means chattering or acting as a spy, which is not the original meaning and is rejected here.)

92.22

Tianyu 恬愉 (The first character has the fanqie 牒兼. The Fangyan states: "Tian means tranquil." The Shuowen jiezi also states: "Peaceful." It takes the heart radical with an abbreviated form of tián as phonetic; tián has the same pronunciation. The second character has the fanqie 庾珠. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Lunyu states: "Yu refers to a gentle countenance." The Guangya states: "Joy." The Erya states: "Delight." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the heart radical with yú as phonetic.")

92.23

Jiyu 疾瘉 (The second character is pronounced yǔ. Gu Yewang states: "Yu refers to an illness lessening slightly." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Yù means to recover from illness." It takes the sickness radical with yú as phonetic.)

92.24

Zhanguo 覘國 (The first character has the fanqie 勑占. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: "Zhan means to spy on." The Shuowen jiezi states: "To look." It takes the seeing radical with zhān as phonetic.)

92.25

Zhuling 竚聆 (The first character has the fanqie 除呂. The Mao Shijing states: "Zhu means to stand for a long time." The character dictionaries write it with the standing radical as 竚, with the same meaning as 佇. The Gujin zhengzi states: "It takes zhù as phonetic"; zhù is pronounced chú. The second character has the fanqie 歷丁. Fully explained earlier in the third fascicle.)

92.26

Danzhi 啖之 (The first character has the fanqie 談敢. Fully explained earlier in the tenth fascicle of the Biographies of Eminent Monks. Transmitted texts write it as 噉, which is a vulgar character.)

92.27

Lianjin 連噤 (The second character has the fanqie 禽禁. Fully explained earlier in the third fascicle of the Biographies of Eminent Monks.)

92.28

Mangjue 芒屩 (The first character is the correct form for 𦬆. The second character has the fanqie 姜略. Xu Shuzhong states: "Jue is a name for grass sandals." The Cang Jie pian states: "Jue are sandals and clogs"; it has the same sound as jiǎo. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Footwear." It takes the footwear radical abbreviated, with qiáo as phonetic.)

92.29

勝鬘 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [上] 證 [shèng]; the second character has the sound 蠻 [mán]. This is the title of a sūtra [Śrīmālādevī-siṃhanāda-sūtra]).

92.30

坎壈 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 拉 [là] + 感 [gǎn], [lǎn]. A character dictionary says: "'Kǎnlǎn' means that the ground is uneven." The Kaosheng says: "The appearance of hardship and separation." The ancient poem says: "In hardship and separation, there is much bitterness and toil"; this is what it means. The phonetic reading of 拉 is là).

92.31

盱衡 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 酗 [xù] + 于 [yú], [xū]. Sima Biao's commentary says: "'Xū' is like the appearance of looking without understanding." The Cang Jie pian says: "'Xū' means opening the eyes wide." The Shuowen says: "'Xū' means suffering from worry and illness. It takes 目 [eye] as its radical and 于 as its phonetic component." In the text of the biography it is written with 日 [sun] as 𰕱, which is a scribal error. The second character is the correct form of the character 衡 [héng]. The Kaosheng states: "It is composed of 行 [go], 角 [horn], and 大 [great], meaning that when an ox butts people, a piece of wood is placed horizontally across its horns. 'Héng' is like 'horizontal'. It is an associative compound character." The Wenzidian shuo states: "It is composed of 行 with 角 as phonetic; it is the correct character for 衡").

92.32

嘯傲 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 消 [xiāo] + 醮 [jiào], [xiào]. Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Liji says: "'Xiào' means curling and puckering the tongue to blow out a sound." Examining this, 'xiào'ào' refers to one who is untroubled and leisurely in seclusion, reciting and whistling in the wide expanse. The Shuowen writes it with 欠 [yawn] as 歗; nowadays it is commonly written as 嘯, with the same meaning. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 熬 [áo] + 誥 [gào], [ào]. The Boya says: "'Ào' means unrestrained and dissipated." The Shuowen says: "It means arrogant. It takes 人 [person] as its radical and 敖 as its phonetic component." In the text of the biography it is written with 口 [mouth] as 嗷, which is incorrect).

92.33

蟋蟀 (The first character has the sound 悉 [xī]; the second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 衰 [shuāi] + 律 [lǜ], [shuài]. The "Monthly Ordinances" of the Liji says: "Five days later, the crickets dwell in the walls"; this is it. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "The cricket is an insect that chirps in autumn." The Gujin zhengzi says: "The autumn cricket (蛬)." Both characters, 蟋 and 蟀, take 虫 [insect] as radical, with 悉 and 率 as their respective phonetic components. The phonetic reading of 蛬 is 共 [gòng] + 顒 [yóng], [qióng]).

92.34

饘粥 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 戰 [zhàn] + 羶 [shān], [zhān]. Du Yu's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "'Zhān' is thick congee (糜)." The Shuowen also agrees: "It is thick congee. It takes 食 [food] as its radical and 亶 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 糜 is 眉 [méi]).

92.35

餬口 (The first character has the sound 胡 [hú]. The Erya says: "'Hú' means thick congee (饘)." Guo Pu's commentary says: "'Hú' is also thick congee (糜)." The Shuowen says: "It also refers to relying on others for food as 'húkǒu' [scraping together a living]. It takes 食 [food] as its radical and 胡 as its phonetic component").

92.36

奧粹 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 雖 [suī] + 醉 [zuì], [suì]. The Zhouyi says: "Pure (純粹) and fine." The Shuowen says: "'Cuì' means unmixed. It takes 米 [rice] as its radical and 卒 as its phonetic component").

92.37

體羸 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 累 [lěi] + 追 [zhuī], [léi]. Du Yu's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "'Léi' means weak." Jia Kui's commentary to the Guoyu says: "It means ill." The Shuowen says: "It means emaciated (𤸃). Inside it takes 羊 [sheep] with 𣎆 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 𣎆 is 力 [lì] + 臥 [wò], [luò]).

92.38

謝譓 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 擕 [xié] + 桂 [guì], [huì]. It is a personal name).

92.39

貲財 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 子 [zǐ] + 移 [yí], [zī]. Gu Yewang says: "'Zī' refers to the household property and livelihood resources." The Guangya says: "'Zī' means commodities." The Shuowen says: "It takes 貝 [cowrie/wealth] as its radical and 此 as its phonetic component").

92.40

塵滓 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 緇 [zī] + 史 [shǐ], [zǐ]. The Shuowen says: "'Zǐ' is like sediment (澱). It takes 水 [water] as its radical and 宰 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 澱 is 田 [tián] + 練 [liàn], [diàn]).

92.41

湔濯 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 箭 [jiàn] + 先 [xiān], [jiān]. The Wenzi jilüe says: "To wash soiled clothes." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 撞 [zhuàng] + 角 [jiǎo], [zhuó]. The Guangya says: "'Zhuó' means to wash." The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "It means to cleanse." Gu Yewang says: "It means to bathe." The Shuowen says: "'Zhuó' means to wash. It takes 水 [water] as its radical and 翟 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 翟 is 宅 [zhái]).

92.42

解澣 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 皆 [jiē] + 買 [mǎi], [jiě]. It means to divide or separate. It is an associative compound character, composed of 刀 [knife] dividing an ox's horn. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 桓 [huán] + 管 [guǎn], [huàn]. Zheng Xuan's annotations on the Mao Shijing say: "'Huàn' means to wash (濯)." Liu Zhao's commentary to the Gongyang zhuan says: "Removing dirt is called 'huàn'." The Shuowen writes it as 浣. The character dictionary writes it with 幹 [gàn] as 澣; its sound and meaning are both the same).

92.43

耎几 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 儒 [rú] + 兖 [yǎn], [ruǎn]. The Zhouli says: "'Ruǎn' means soft and supple." The Shuowen says: "It takes 而 as its radical and 犬 as its phonetic component." In the text of the biography it is written with 車 [cart] as 軟, which is a vulgar and incorrect character. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 機 [jī] + 履 [lǚ], [jǐ]).

92.44

綢繆 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 宙 [zhòu] + 留 [liú], [chóu]. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "'Chóumiù' is like intertwined and bound tightly." The Shuowen says: "It takes 糸 [silk] as its radical and 周 as its phonetic component." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 美 [měi] + 憂 [yōu], [miù]. The Shuowen says: "'Miù' means the ten bindings of hemp. It takes 糸 [silk] as its radical and 翏 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 翏 is 力 [lì] + 救 [jiù], [liù]; the phonetic reading of 潔 is 結 [jié]).

92.45

麤歰 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 怱 [cōng] + 胡 [hú], [cū]. The Shuowen says: "It is an associative compound character composed of three 鹿 [deer]." Nowadays it is abbreviated as 麤. Gu Yewang says: "'Cū' means not fine." Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Liji says: "'Cū' is like unrefined." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 森 [sēn] + 戢 [jí], [sè]. The Shuowen says: "It is written with four 止 [foot], two upright and two inverted; it is also an associative compound character." In the text of the biography it is written as 歰, which is incorrect).

92.46

梗難 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 庚 [gēng] + 杏 [xìng], [gěng]. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "'Gěng' means illness/distress." Jia Kui's commentary to the Guoyu says: "'Gěng' means harm." The Erya says: "It means straight." The Shuowen says: "A mountain elm with thorny seed pods. It takes 木 [wood] as its radical and 更 as its phonetic component." In the text of the biography it is written with 魚 [fish] as 綆, which is a vulgar character).

92.47

法敞 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 昌 [chāng] + 仰 [yǎng], [chǎng]. It is a personal name. In the text of the biography it is erroneously written as 敝).

92.48

樂𤠤 (The first character has the sound 洛 [luò]; the second character has the sound 荒 [huāng]. Examining 'lánghuāng', it generally belongs to the category of deception and signifies insincerity. 'Láng' ought to be the character 樂; the biography's use of 狼 is incorrect. Furthermore, character dictionaries do not contain this character).

92.49

一簏 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 聾 [lóng] + 木 [mù], [lù]. The Shuowen says: "'Lù' is a bamboo hamper. It takes 竹 [bamboo] as its radical and 鹿 as its phonetic component").

92.50

謔之 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 香 [xiāng] + 脚 [jiǎo], [xiè]. Its gloss has already been explained in the fifth fascicle above).

92.51

𤯝箱 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 想 [xiǎng] + 羊 [yáng], [xiāng]. The Boya says: "'Xiāng' means red-colored." The Hanshu says: "One person held a token box (符箱)"; this is a bamboo box).

92.52

強悍 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 寒 [hán] + 旦 [dàn], [hàn]. The Shuowen says: "It means brave. It takes 心 [mind/heart] as its radical and 旱 as its phonetic component").

92.53

匱餧 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 逵 [kuí] + 位 [wèi], [kuì]. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "'Kuì' means exhausted." Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Liji says: "'Kuì' means deficient." The Shuowen says: "It takes 匚 as its radical and 貴 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 匚 is 方 [fāng]. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 奴 [nú] + 猥 [wěi], [něi]. Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Lunyu says: "'Něi' means starved." The Cang Jie pian says: "It means hungry." The Shuowen says: "It takes 食 [food] as its radical and 委 as its phonetic component").

92.54

般闋 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 犬 [quǎn] + 悅 [yuè], [què]. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "'Què' means to cease." Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Yili says: "'Què' means to end." The Cang Jie pian says: "It means finished." The Shuowen says: "It takes 門 [gate] as its radical and 癸 as its phonetic component").

92.55

相紃 (The second character has the sound 旬 [xún]. Character dictionaries sometimes write it as 䋸. '䋸' is like circling around. The Shuowen says: "'Xún' means to circle around. It takes 糸 [silk] as its radical and 川 as its phonetic component").

92.56

飆舉 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 必 [bì] + 遙 [yáo], [biāo]. Guo Pu's commentary to the Erya says: "'Biāo' refers to a violent wind descending from above." The Shuowen says: "'Biāo' means floating and swaying. It takes 風 [wind] as its radical and 猋 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 猋 is 摽 [biāo]).

92.57

鍼盲 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 執 [zhí] + 任 [rèn], [zhēn]. The Guangya says: "'Zhēn' means to pierce." Examining 'zhēnmáng' [needling the blind]: it refers to using the correct Dharma to cure erroneous views, just as needling the chronic affliction of blindness. The Shuowen says: "It takes 金 [metal] as its radical and 咸 as its phonetic component." Nowadays it is commonly written with 十 as 針, which is a vulgar character. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 麥 [mài] + 庚 [gēng], [máng]. The Shuowen says: "An eye without a pupil. It takes 目 [eye] as its radical and 亡 as its phonetic component").

92.58

腴旨 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 庾 [yǔ] + 珠 [zhū], [yú]. Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Liji says: "'Yú' means belly/fat." The Shuowen says: "It takes 肉 [flesh] as its radical and 臾 as its phonetic component." The second character is the correct character 旨 [zhǐ]. Kong Anguo's commentary to the Shangshu says: "'Zhǐ' means delicious").

92.59

Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle Seven

92.60

尋緗 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 似 [sì] + 林 [lín], [xín/xún]. The Shuowen says: "'Xún' means to unravel and arrange threads. It is an associative compound character and mutual-definition character (zhuanzhu) composed of 几, 工, 彐, and 寸 to divide and order threads." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 想 [xiǎng] + 羊 [yáng], [xiāng]. The Shiming says: "'Xiāng' is light yellow-colored silk." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It takes 糸 [silk] as its radical and 相 as its phonetic component").

92.61

縉雲 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 津 [jīn] + 信 [xìn], [jìn]. The Chunqiu zhuan contains the Jinyun clan; it is probably a place name. The Shuowen says: "It takes 糸 [silk] as its radical and 晉 as its phonetic component." In the text of the biography it is written with 手 [hand] as 搢, which is incorrect).

92.62

安堵 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 都 [dū] + 魯 [lǔ], [dǔ]. Gu Yewang says: "'Dǔ' is in all cases a count of boards for building walls." The Shuowen says: "A wall of five boards is a 'dǔ'. It takes 土 [earth] as its radical and 者 as its phonetic component. Eight chi is called a board (bǎn)").

92.63

聲懋 (The first character is the correct character 聲 [shēng]. The Shuowen says: "'Shēng' means sound. It takes 耳 [ear] as its radical and 殸 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 殸 is 口 [kǒu] + 冷 [lěng], [kǐng]. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 矛 [máo] + 候 [hòu], [mào]. Kong Anguo's commentary to the Shangshu says: "It is like exerting effort (勉); it shares the same meaning with the character 楙." The Shuowen says: "It takes 心 [mind/heart] as its radical and 楙 as its phonetic component." The sound of 楙 is the same. It is also written with 矛 as 𢘅).

92.64

馥蕙 (The first character has the sound 復 [fù]. It has already been fully explained above in Fascicle Eleven of the Biographies of Eminent Monks. The second character has the sound 惠 [huì]. Wang Yi's commentary to the Chuci says: "'Huì' is a fragrant herb." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It takes 草 [grass] as its radical and 惠 as its phonetic component").

92.65

紐虜 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 女 [nǚ] + 九 [jiǔ], [niǔ]. The Guangya says: "'Niǔ' means to bind." Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Zhouli says: "'Niǔ' is the small loop on a cap or crown through which the hairpin is threaded." The Shuowen says: "It means a tie. It takes 糸 [silk] as its radical and 丑 as its phonetic component. One source says it is a knot that can be untied." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 盧 [lú] + 覩 [dǔ], [lǔ]. The Shuowen says: "'Lǔ' means captives taken in war. It takes 毋 as its radical and 力 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 毋 is 官毋. The Shuowen says: "It is composed of 一 crossing horizontally over 毋; it is a pictographic character").

92.66

衡櫓 (The first character is the correct character 衡 [héng]. Du Yu's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "'Héng' means horizontal." Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Zhouli says: "It means level." The Shuowen says: "It takes 𧢲 and 大 as its components, with 行 as its phonetic." In the biography it is written with 魚 [fish] as 衡 [i.e., a corruption], which is an error. The second character has the sound 虜 [lǔ]. Du Yu's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "'Lǔ' is a large shield." The phonetic reading of 盾 is 順 [shùn]. The Shuowen says: "It takes 木 [wood] as its radical and 魯 as its phonetic component." It is also written as 𰗲, with the same sound and meaning).

92.67

丘穽 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 情 [qíng] + 郢 [yǐng], [jǐng]. In character dictionaries it is properly written with 𨸏 [mound] as 阱. Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Zhouli says: "A pitfall (阱) is what is dug in the ground as a deep pit to catch birds and beasts." The Guangya says: "A 'jǐng' is a deep pit." The Shuowen says: "'Jǐng' is a pitfall. It takes 𨸏 as its radical and 井 as its phonetic component." In ancient script it was written with 水 [water] as 汬, or with 穴 [cave] as 穽; both are the same).

92.68

遼敻 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 了 [liǎo] + 焦 [jiāo], [liáo]. The Guangya says: "'Liáo' means far away." The Shuowen says: "It takes 辵 [walk] as its radical and 尞 as its phonetic component"; the sound is the same. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 儇 [xuān] + 娉 [pīng], [xiòng]. Liu Zhao's commentary to the Guliang zhuan says: "'Xiòng' means deep." The Kaosheng says: "It is properly written with 攴 as 敻; it means striving to seek but not yet attaining; it also means far away." The Shuowen also says: "It means striving to seek. It is composed of 𥄎 and a person above a cave (穴); it is a mutual-definition character (zhuanzhu)." The phonetic reading of 𥄎 is 火 [huǒ] + 劣 [liè], [huò]).

92.69

砥礪 (The first character has the sound 止 [zhǐ]; the second character has the sound 厲 [lì]. Kong Anguo's commentary to the Shangshu says: "'Dǐ' and 'lì' are both whetstones." They have already been explained in the third fascicle above).

92.70

言刈 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 魚 [yú] + 胏 [zǐ], [yì]. The Picang says: "'Yì' means to reap." Wang Yi's commentary to the Chuci says: "It means to mow grass." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It takes 刀 [knife] as its radical and 乂 as its phonetic component").

92.71

採𬅁 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 賢 [xián] + 結 [jié], [xié]. A character dictionary says: "'𬅁' is like a lapel/hem (袵)." The Gujin zhengzi says: "Gathering the lapels of a garment. It takes 手 [hand] as its radical and 頡 as its phonetic component").

92.72

背胛 (The first character is the correct character 背 [bèi], composed of 北 and 肉 [flesh]. The second character has the sound 甲 [jiǎ]. The Wu-Yue chunqiu says: "Piercing the shoulder blade (胛) and penetrating through to the back." The Shiming says: "The word 'jiǎ' [shoulder blade] means to close (闔)." The phonetic reading of 闔 is 合 [hé]. It means that it meets together with the chest and ribs, hence it is called 'hé' [closing]. The Gujin zhengzi agrees in meaning: "It takes 甲 and 肉 as phonetic components").

92.73

儁裳 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 遵 [zūn] + 峻 [jùn], [jùn]. Du Yu's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "'Jùn' means extraordinary." The Yupian and character dictionaries identify it as the same as the character 俊. It has already been explained in the sixth fascicle of the Biographies of Eminent Monks above. The second character has the sound 常 [cháng]. The Han Commentary to the Shijing says: "The lower part of a garment is called 'cháng'." The Baihu tong says: "'Cháng' means a screen (障); it is that by which one conceals and screens oneself." The Shuowen says: "It is written as 裳, meaning lower skirt").

92.74

毳般 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 昌 [chāng] + 苪 [bǐng], [cuì]. Kong Anguo's commentary to the Shangshu says: "'Cuì' refers to soft, fine fur/down." The Shuowen says: "'Cuì' is fine animal fur woven into clothing. It is an associative compound character composed of three 毛 [hair]").

92.75

復[(生/(丹-、+〡))*見] (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 情 [qíng] + 姓 [xìng], [jìng]. The Guangya says: "'Jìng' means to command; it also means to call." The Shuowen says: "It means to summon. It takes 見 [see] as its radical and 青 as its phonetic component").

92.76

憓飛 (The first character has the sound 惠 [huì]. Guo Pu's commentary says: "'Huì' means the mind being refined and unified").

92.77

畟塞 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 初 [chū] + 色 [sè], [cè]. Guo Pu's commentary to the Erya says: "'Cè' speaks of strictness and sharpness." The Yunlüe says: "The flourishing appearance of displaying utensils and vessels." The Shuowen says: "'Cè' means tending the crops. It is composed of 田 [field], 人 [person], and 久." The phonetic reading of 久 is 山 [shān] + 危 [wēi]).

92.78

勍手 (The first character has the sound 擎 [qíng]. It has already been explained above in Fascicle Two of the Biographies of Eminent Monks).

92.79

無𣀇 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 盈 [yíng] + 益 [yì], [yì]. Kong Anguo's commentary to the Shangshu says: "'Yì' means weary/satiated." The Shuowen says: "'Yì' means lax/slack. It takes 攴 as its radical and 睪 as its phonetic component." The sound of 睪 is the same. In the text of the biography it is written with 欠 as 𣀇, which is incorrect).

92.80

蓽門 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 賓 [bīn] + 蜜 [mì], [bì]. Du Yu's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "A wicker/brushwood gate." Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Liji says: "'Bì' is also grass/wicker." The Shuowen says: "It takes 竹 [bamboo] as radical with 畢 as phonetic").

92.81

圭竇 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 桂 [guì] + 擕 [xié], [guī]. The "Conduct of the Scholar" in the Liji says: "Wicker gates and splay-hole windows, bramble doors and jar openings"; this is it. Zheng Xuan's commentary says: "A 'dòu' is an aperture or hole." Examining this, a 'guīdòu' is a category of small window or aperture. The Shuowen says: "It is composed of doubled 土 [earth]." The second character has the sound 豆 [dòu]).

92.82

煢煢 (The fanqie phonetic spelling is 葵 [kuí] + 營 [yíng], [qióng]. Kong Anguo's commentary to the Shangshu says: "'Qióng' means solitary." The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "'Qióngqióng' means having nothing to rely upon." The Shuowen says: "It takes 卂 as its radical and an abbreviated 熒 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 卂 is 信 [xìn]; the phonetic reading of 熒 is 宂 + 營 [yíng]).

92.83

懍然 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 林 [lín] + 錦 [jǐn], [lǐn]. Guo Pu's commentary to the Fangyan says: "'Lǐn' is like reverent." Kong Anguo's commentary to the Shangshu says: "'Lǐn' is the appearance of peril and dread." The Shuowen says: "It takes 心 [heart] as radical and 稟 as phonetic." The phonetic reading of 稟 is 彼 [bǐ] + 錦 [jǐn], [bǐn]).

92.84

[慣-毌+央][慣-毌+央] (The fanqie phonetic spelling is 𭹹 + 內, [kāng]. The Cang Jie pian says: "'[慣-毌+央][慣-毌+央]' is the appearance of disorder." The Shuowen says: "It takes 心 [heart] as radical and 貴 as phonetic").

92.85

小蜹 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 儒 [rú] + 稅 [shuì], [ruì]. The Zilin says: "The 'ruì' is a midge (蟆子)." Gu Yewang says: "The 'ruì' loves to bite people, which is called harbouring venom; this is it." The Shuowen says: "In Qin it is called 'ruì'; in Chu it is called 'wén' [mosquito]. It takes 虫 [insect] as its radical and 芮 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 蚉 is 文 [wén]; the phonetic reading of 芮 is the same as above).

92.86

惛懵 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 呼 [hū] + 昆 [kūn], [hūn]. The Guangya says: "'Hūn' means disordered." Zheng Xuan's annotations on the Mao Shijing say: "'Hūn' means ignorant." The Shuowen says: "It takes 心 [heart] as its radical and 昏 as its phonetic component." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling 墨 [mò] + 朋 [péng], [měng]. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "'Měng' means disordered." Du Yu's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "It means muddled." It also says: "'Měng' means eyes lacking clarity. It takes 心 [heart] as its radical and 瞢 as its phonetic component." The phonetic reading of 瞢 is the same as above).

92.87

Dregs and lees (糟粕: the first character is pronounced like 遭 [zāo]; the second is pō + mò fanqie [pò]. Xu Shen says: "糟 (dregs) are the residue of wine. 粕 (lees) are already pressed-out dregs." The Gujin zhengzi says: "The two characters 糟粕 refer to the surplus dregs of wine. Both have the rice radical, with 曹 and 白 as phonetics.").

92.88

Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle 8

92.89

Zhao Ying (趙瀛: the first is the correct character 趙; the second is pronounced like 盈 [yíng]. A personal name).

92.90

Upright and broad-minded (𣖀槩: the first character is gé + měng fanqie [gěng]. The Erya says: "梗 means upright." The Shuowen says: "It has the wood radical, with 更 as phonetic." The second is gāi + ài fanqie [gài]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Rites of Zhou states: "槩 means broad-minded (𣊹)." The Shuowen says: "It has the wood radical, with 既 as phonetic.").

92.91

Detailing in full (覶縷: the first character is lú + gē fanqie [luó]. Note that 覶縷 is like sorting out disorder (理亂). The Shuowen says: "覶 means an orderly appearance. It has the sight (見) radical, with 𤔔 as phonetic." 𤔔 is pronounced like 亂 [luàn]. The second character is lóng + zhǔ fanqie [lǚ], which was already explained in Fascicle 2 of the Biographies of Eminent Monks).

92.92

To banish (用袪: the first is the correct character 用. The Shuowen says: "用 means to carry out; it has the卜 and 中 components." Wei Hong noted that in ancient script it was sometimes written as 𠂹, with the same pronunciation and meaning. Nowadays it is commonly written as 用. The second character is què + yú fanqie [qū]. The Outer Commentary to the Han Odes says: "袪 is like 去 (to remove)." The Shuowen says: "It has the garment radical, with 去 as phonetic.").

92.93

Min and E (岷峨: the first character is mì + bīn fanqie [mín]; the second is wǒ + gē fanqie [é]. Note that Min and E are both names of mountains in Sichuan, seen in the Jun guo zhi as names of the two mountains Min and E).

92.94

To point to and reach (指適: the first is the correct character 指. The second is dīng + lì fanqie [dì], meaning to aim for or go to. The Kaosheng says: "適 means to point to the actual destination.").

92.95

Mane and tail (𩮰尾: the first is the correct character 鬃. The Kaosheng says: "𩮰 is horse mane." It is also written with the horse radical as 騣. The second is the correct character 尾. The character 鬃 is glossed as liè [bristle].)

92.96

Precipitous (嵬然: the first character is wài + wěi fanqie [wéi]. The Shuowen says: "嵬 means high and uneven. It has the mountain radical, with 鬼 as phonetic.").

92.97

To reform (悛革: the first character is pronounced like 詮 [quān], which was already explained in Fascicle 1 of the Biographies of Eminent Monks).

92.98

Not straining (不漉: the second character is nòng + gǔ fanqie [lù]. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "漉 means to drain off water completely." The Wenzidian shuo says: "It has the water radical, with 鹿 as phonetic.").

92.99

Rush-mat hut (𥴧篨庵: the first character is jù + jū fanqie [jù]; the second is pronounced like 除 [chú]. Note that 𥴧篨庵 refers nowadays to using coarse rush mats to make a hut. The Erya says: "𥴧篨 is rush thatch (蘆蕟), that is, rush mats." 蕟 is pronounced like 廢 [fèi]. The third character is àn + hán fanqie [ān]. The Guangya says: "庵 means a hut." Zheng's commentary on the Book of Rites says: "庵 means a cottage (廬)." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It has the shelter radical 广, with 奄 as phonetic." 广 is pronounced like 儼 [yǎn]).

92.100

Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle 9

92.101

Discussion couch (論榻: the first character is lú + hùn fanqie [lùn]; the second is tān + dá fanqie [tà]. The Shiming says: "A 榻 is a couch that is narrow and long; a 榻 is what is now called a bed (牀)." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It has the wood radical, with [日/羽] as phonetic," with the same pronunciation).

92.102

Holding brass (執鍮: the first is the correct character 執. Lexicons say: "執 means to grasp or hold." The Shuowen says: "It has the components 丮 and 𢆎, which also provides the sound." 丮 is pronounced like 戟 [jǐ]; 𢆎 is nǚ + shè fanqie [niè]. The second character is pronounced like 偷 [tōu]. The Picang says: "鍮石 (brass) resembles gold, but is not gold." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It has the metal radical, with an abbreviated 偷 as phonetic.").

92.103

Washing the hands (盥手: the first character is guān + wǎn fanqie [guàn]. The Shuowen says: "盥 means to wash hands. It is an ideogram composed of 臼 (hands), water, facing a basin (皿)." It has been explained previously. 臼 is pronounced like 菊 [jú]).

92.104

Cap and hairpin (帽簪: the first character is máo + bào fanqie [mào]. Lexicons write it correctly as [曰/月]. Zheng's commentary on the Shangshu dazhuan says: "冐 means to cover." The Wenzidian shuo says: "㡌 means a cap, and also the head; it has the cloth radical, with 冐 as phonetic." It is also written with the clothing radical as 帽, with the same pronunciation. The second character is jí + sēn fanqie [zān]. The Cangjie pian says: "簪 is also a 笄 (hairpin)." 笄 is pronounced like 鷄 [jī]. The Shuowen has the orthodox form without a head: an ideogram; it also has the bamboo radical: 竹簪 has the same pronunciation and meaning. The transmission writes 簪, which is a vulgar character).

92.105

Not standard / Not the proper path (非纛: the second character is pronounced like 道 [dào]. The original meaning in the text properly calls for the character 道 [path], in the sense of "not following what is not the proper path" (是非道不行之義). Now it is written with the banner radical as 纛; 纛 refers to a feathered ceremonial standard, which is not the original meaning and is not adopted here).

92.106

Well-curb frame (丼絡: the first is the correct character for 井 [well]. The Book of Zhou says: "The Yellow Emperor first dug wells." The Shiben says: "Boyi created wells (丼)." Wang Bi's commentary on the Zhouyi says: "井 means through-flowing." The Baihu tong says: "Markets were held around wells, hence called 市井 (marketplaces)." The Shuowen says: "Eight families share one well (丼)." The second character is láng + gè fanqie [luò]. Guo Pu's commentary on the Shanhaijing says: "絡 means to encircle." The Shuowen says: "It has the silk radical, with 各 as phonetic.").

92.107

Treading and climbing (𨀗躡: the first character is kuā + huà fanqie [kuà], already explained in Fascicle 4. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "𨀗 means to pass over." The Shuowen says: "It means to cross over; it has the foot radical, with 𡗢 as phonetic." The second character is nián + zhé fanqie [niè]. 黏 is pronounced ní + zhān fanqie [nián]. The Fangyan says: "躡 means to ascend." The Guangya says: "It means to tread on." The Shuowen says: "It means to step; it has the foot radical, with 聶 as phonetic.").

92.108

Already gravel (既礫: the second character is pronounced like 歷 [lì]. The Shuowen says: "礫 means small stones. It has the stone radical, with 樂 as phonetic.").

92.109

Stagnant pool (污池: the first character is pronounced like 烏 [wū]. The Kaosheng says: "Accumulated water that does not flow." The Shuowen says: "洿 means turbid water that does not flow; it has the water radical, with 夸 as phonetic.").

92.110

End of the coccyx (尻端: the first character is kǎo + gāo fanqie [kāo]. The Kaosheng says: "The anus." The Shuowen says: "It has the body radical 尸, with 九 as phonetic." The second is the correct character 端. The Shuowen says: "端 means straight; it has the立 radical, with 耑 as phonetic." 耑 has the same pronunciation).

92.111

Repairing and thatched roof (修葺: the first is the correct character 修. The second is qīn + rù fanqie [qì]. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "葺 means to mend and thatch." The Shuowen says: "It has the grass radical, with 咠 as phonetic." 咠 has the same pronunciation).

92.112

Continuous ridges (連甍: the second character is mài + gēng fanqie [méng]. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "甍 is the ridgepole of a roof." The Shuowen says: "It has the tile radical, with an abbreviated 夢 as phonetic.").

92.113

Surname Yu (姓俞: chǒu + yòu fanqie [yù]. A family surname).

92.114

Chun Shen (椿詵: the first character is chì + lún fanqie [chūn]; the second is sè + zhēn fanqie [shēn]. A personal full name).

92.115

Tan Ravine (檀谿: the first character is táng + hán fanqie [tán]. The Jun guo zhi says: "A stream name in Xiangzhou." Writing the second character with the water radical as 溪 is a vulgar form. The correct form is 谿. The Shuowen says: "A gully without a source is called a 谿; it has the valley radical 谷, with 奚 as phonetic." The transmitted text mistakenly writes the first character 檀 with the 壹 radical as 𪳮, which is incorrect; and the second is written with water as 溪, which is a vulgar character).

92.116

Torrents pouring down (霈注: the first character is huán + bèi fanqie [pèi]. The Wenzi jilüe says: "霈 means heavy rain." The Shuowen says: "It has the rain radical, with 沛 as phonetic." 沛 is pronounced like 貝 [bèi]).

92.117

Going upstream (㴑流: the first character is sū + lù fanqie [sù]. The Shuowen says: "To go against the current upstream is called 㡿. It has the water radical, with 㡿 as phonetic." 㡿 is pronounced like 尺 [chǐ]).

92.118

Hui Geng (慧暅: the second character is gē + dèng fanqie [gèng]. A monk's name).

92.119

Dharma Master Xu (詡法: xū + yǔ fanqie [xǔ]. A Dharma master's name. The Cangjie pian says: "詡 is like 和 (harmonious)." Zheng's commentary on the Book of Rites says: "It means broad." The Shuowen says: "It has the speech radical, with 羽 as phonetic.").

92.120

Master Chan (繟師: the first character is chāng + yǎn fanqie [chǎn]. Zheng's commentary on the Book of Rites says: "繟 means an expansive and relaxed appearance." The Shuowen says: "繟 is like a loose sash; it has the silk radical, with 單 as phonetic." 單 is pronounced like 善 [shàn]).

92.121

Disruption of registers / Upheaval (版蕩: the first character is bān + jiǎn fanqie [bǎn]. Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: "版 is the present-day household register. All who have grown teeth and above are entered upon the registers, with counts mounting to tens of thousands." The Shuowen says: "It has the片 radical, with 反 as phonetic." The transmitted text sometimes mistakenly writes it as 師. The second character is táng + dǎng fanqie [dàng]. Lexicons write it correctly with the basin radical 皿 as 盪. The Kaosheng says: "蕩 is like 除 (to eliminate)." Note that 版蕩 refers to the cancellation and loss of the Liang registers).

92.122

Rainbow garments (霓裳: the first character is yì + jī fanqie [ní]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Songs of Chu says: "A 霓 is colored cloud resembling a dragon." Guo's commentary on the Erya says: "The female rainbow is called 霓." The Shuowen says: "霓 is a curved rainbow; it has the rain radical, with an abbreviated 兒 as phonetic." Saying "rainbow garments" means that the flying garments of immortals are like rainbows).

92.123

Without flaw (無𠁊: the second character is shuāng + liǎng fanqie [shuǎng]. The Shuowen says: "𠁊 means clear; it also means error; it also means hurt." The transmission writes it as 𠁊, which is a scribal error).

92.124

Hunting excursion (𭻁遊: the first character is diàn + nián fanqie [diàn]. Gu Yewang says: "To 田 means to pursue beasts in hunting; 田遊 is a general term for hunts and field sports." The Shuowen says: "It has the攴 radical, with 田 as phonetic.").

92.125

Cooked and live provisions (饔餼: the first character is yōng + gōng fanqie [yōng]. Zheng's commentary on the Book of Rites says: "饔 is the term for butchering, boiling, frying, and seasoning. For guests, no feast is grander than 饔; 饔 is a rite accompanying offerings of silks." The Shuowen says: "饔 means cooked food; it has the food radical, with 雍 as phonetic." The large seal script has 共, making 𩛛. The second character is xī + jì fanqie [xì]. Zheng's commentary on the Yili says: "Live sacrificial animals are called 餼." The Picang says: "It means a gift." Lexicons say: "Provisions sent as a gift." The Shuowen says: "It has the food radical, with 氣 as phonetic.").

92.126

Hare net and animal net (罝罘: the first character is jiè + xié fanqie [jū]. Mao's commentary on the Odes says: "罝 is a hare net." Guo's commentary on the Erya says: "罝 is like 遮 (to block)." The Gujin zhengzi says: "A net for hares; it has the net radical, with 且 as phonetic." The second character is fù + móu fanqie [fú]. Zheng's commentary on the Book of Rites says: "A beast net is called a 罘." The Shuowen says: "It has the net radical, with 不 as phonetic." The transmission mistakenly writes it as 罦, which is incorrect).

92.127

Cording arrow and tether (矰繳: the first character is zé + sēng fanqie [zēng]. Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: "Attaching a tethering line to an arrow is called a 矰." The character 矰 has the arrow radical, or sometimes the feather radical as 䎖. In a 矰, of seven parts, three are in front and four in back. The Shuowen says: "It has the arrow radical, with 曾 as phonetic." The second character is zhāng + ruò fanqie [zhuó]. Gu Yewang says: "繳 is the gear for an arrow with a cord." The Shuowen says: "繳 is raw silk thread; it has the silk radical, with 敫 as phonetic." 敫 is pronounced like 藥 [yào]; it is also written as 𦅾. 糸 is mì; 縷 is lóng + zhǔ fanqie [lǚ]).

92.128

Yuan Yao (元覞: the second character is yáo + zhào fanqie [yào]. The name of the father of the eminent monk Huibi. 弼 is pí + mì fanqie [bì]).

92.129

Shedding slippers (脫躧: the second character is shī + ěr fanqie [xǐ]. Mencius says: "Viewing the casting aside of the world like the discarding of a worn slipper (躧)," which is the meaning of 脫躧. The Kaosheng writes it as 屣: a type of footwear with the heels folded down; it is also written with the leather radical as 𩌦. The Shuowen says: "躧 means footwear; it has the foot radical, with 麗 as phonetic.").

92.130

Dragon robe and imperial cap (衮冕: the first character is gǔ + běn fanqie [gǔn]. The Rites of Zhou says: "When offering sacrifice to the ancestral kings, one wears the dragon robe and cap (䘱冕)." Zheng Zhong's commentary says: "䘱 is a garment embroidered with dragons." Zheng Xuan's note on the Mao Odes says: "A dark robe painted with dragons." The Shuowen also says: "A dragon robe; the lower skirt is embroidered with a coiled dragon ascending upward; it has the garment radical, with 公 as phonetic." The second character is méi + biàn fanqie [miǎn]. Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: "冕 is a head ornament." The Shuowen says: "It has the 曰 radical, with 免 as phonetic." 曰 is pronounced like 肙 [yuān]).

92.131

Mould and matrix (鎔笵: the first character is yù + zhōng fanqie [róng]; the second is fán + gōng fanqie [fàn]. The Book of Han says: "Like metal in the crucible, cast as the founder will." 范 is an iron mould. The Shuowen says: "鎔 is a method for casting vessels; when copper melts, it is 鎔; it has the metal radical, with 容 as phonetic.").

92.132

Straw mat and clod of earth (苫凷: the first character is shè + zhān fanqie [shān]. The Yupian writes it as 寑. Gu Yewang says: "葠 is like 苫, meaning to lie upon straw." The record on garments and vessels in the Book of Rites says: "Sleeping upon straw with a clod for a pillow." The Wenzidian shuo says: "葠 is a vessel liner; it has the grass radical, with 侵 as phonetic." Its meaning is roughly the same as 苫 in the text. 葠 and 苫 have the same pronunciation; 𰱳 is qíng + yè fanqie [qiè]. The second character is kū + wài fanqie [kuài]. The Shuowen says: "It has the earth radical, with 凵 as phonetic." 凵 is kǒu + fàn fanqie [kǎn]. It is also written as 塊, with the same pronunciation).

92.133

Gradual passing of time (荏苒: the first character is rèn + qǐn fanqie [rěn]; the second is ér + yǎn fanqie [rǎn]. The Yunlüe says: "荏苒 is the appearance of grass coloration." Note that 荏苒 is like what is nowadays called drifting along or letting time slip by. The Shuowen says: "荏 has the grass radical 廾, with 任 as phonetic. 苒 has the grass radical 廾, with 冉 as phonetic." 舟 has the same sound as […]; 廾 is pronounced like 草 [cǎo]).

92.134

Zhang and Fu Rivers (漳滏: the first character is zhuó + yáng fanqie [zhāng]. The Book of Han says: "The Zhang is the name of a river." There are two Zhang Rivers: one is the Clear Zhang, the second is the Turbid Zhang. The Turbid Zhang emerges from Mount Lugu in Zhangzi County of Shangdang, goes east to Ye, and joins the Clear Zhang. The Clear Zhang emerges from Dayao Valley in Mount Zhan and flows north into the Yellow River. The Shuowen says: "It has the water radical, with 章 as phonetic." The second character is fú + wǔ fanqie [fǔ]. The Shanhaijing says: "The Fu River issues from Mount Shenhun, flows west to Fukou in Linshui County, passes north of Handan, and enters the Zhang. Its water is constantly hot, hence named the Fu River." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It has the water radical, with 釜 as phonetic." 圂 is hú + běn fanqie [hùn]).

92.135

Summer and autumn (炎蓐: the first is the character 炎. The Shuowen says: "炎 is the movement of fire; it consists of doubled fire." Thus the Monthly Ordinances says: "Its emperor is the Fiery Emperor (Yan Di), its spirit is Rushou (蓐收)." The Yuzhu baodian says: "Rushou represents the element Metal." Note that 炎蓐 refers to the transition from summer into autumn. The Shuowen says: "蓐 means old grass sprouting anew; it has the grass radical 廾, with 辱 as phonetic." The large seal script has 𦬇; 𦬇 is pronounced like 莽 [mǎng]).

92.136

Reporting the death (訃焉: the first character is fú + wù fanqie [fù]. Zheng's commentary on the Book of Rites says: "訃 means to arrive [with news of a death]." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It has the speech radical, with 卜 as phonetic." Lexicons also write it with the walk radical as 赴, with the foot radical as 臥, or with the walking radical as 𰺮, all with the same pronunciation and meaning).

92.137

Eminent and virtuous talents (髦彥: the first character is yuān + bāo fanqie [máo]. Mao's commentary on the Odes says: "髦 means outstanding." Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya says: "The most outstanding among scholars are like the forelock (髦) among hair." The Guangya says: "髦 means great." The Shuowen says: "It has the long hair radical 髟, with 毛 as phonetic." 髟 is bì + xiāo fanqie [biāo]. The second character is yán + jiàn fanqie [yàn]. The Picang says: "彥 means great." The Zitong says: "A good scholar endowed with culture." The Erya says: "An admirable scholar is called a 彥." The Shuowen says: "It has the 文 component, with 厂 as phonetic." 厂 is pronounced like 漢 [hàn]; the orthodox character has 彡 and 文; 彡 is pronounced like 杉 [shān]).

92.138

Hall plinth (堂礎: the second character is pronounced like 楚 [chǔ]. The Huainanzi says: "When clouds steam from the mountains, the pillar plinths become moist." Xu Shen says: "The people of Chu call the base-stone (磶) of a pillar a 礎." The Gujin zhengzi says: "It has the stone radical, with 楚 as phonetic." 磶 is pronounced like 昔 [xī]. Note that a 礎 is a stone foundation plinth (碇); 碇 is dīng + nìng fanqie [dìng]).

92.139

Clan lynchpin / Prominent leader (宗鎋: the second character is xián + jiá fanqie [xiá]. Lexicons write it correctly as 牽. The Zuo zhuan says: "The lynchpin of the leather cart was greased." The Shenglei says: "牽 is the pin of a cart." The Shuowen says: "牽 is the pin at the end of the cart axle; it is an ideogram composed of opposed 舛 components." The transmission writes it with the cart radical as 轄, and nowadays it is commonly written with the metal radical as 鎋 or 舝, all with the same pronunciation and meaning).

92.140

讙𠆴 (clamour and noise: the first character is pronounced xuān; the Shuowen correctly has it with 讙, analyzing it as semantic 言 and phonetic 雚, with 雚 pronounced guàn; the transmitted text has it with 宣 as 諠, or with 口 as 喧, both of which are vulgar characters. The second character is a fanqie of 儜 and 教 [nào]; the Shuowen analyzes it as semantic 人 and 市, a compound ideograph; the transmitted text has 閙, which is a vulgar character).

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一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese