Bhagavadgita 3

Gūḍhārthacandrikā 3

Language: Sanskrit

3.1

ātmayāthātmyarūpaṃ hi sādhanāni ca taddviyaḥ| sthitadhīlakṣaṇaṃ brūte dvitīyādhyāya īśvaraḥ||
tataḥ kiṃ vṛttam ? ityapekṣāyāṃ sañjaya āha - tamiti||
aśrubhirākule pūrṇe īkṣaṇe yasya tam|
nanu nāhaṃ kātaryeṇa yuddhānnivṛttaḥ| kintu yuddhasyāsādhyatvādityāśayena bhagavaduktaṃ hitamajānannarjuna āha -kathaṃ bhīṣmamityādipañcabhiḥ

3.2

he arjuna kutaḥ hetoḥ tvā tvām idaṃ kaśmalaṃ viṣame yuddhasamaye samupasthitaṃ prāptam| yataḥ anāryaiḥ avṛddhaiḥ sevitam| ato asvargyam| ata eva akīrtikaram |
mumukṣoḥ kṣatriyasya yuddhānuṣṭhānaprakāramāha - sukheti

3.3

3.4

bhīṣmadroṇau pūjāhauṃ| tau prati kathaṃ yotsyāmi| tatrāpi iṣubhiḥ| yatra vācā'pi yotsyāmīti vaktumanucitam, tatra bāṇaiḥ kathaṃ yotsyāmi? ityarthaḥ| ariṃ śatrum ariṇā cakreṇa sūdayatīti arisūdana |
nanu teṣāṃ vadhaṃ vinā tava dehayātrā'pi kathaṃ syāt ? ata āha -gurūniti||

3.5

gurūnhatvā guruvadhamakṛtvo iha loke bhikṣānnapi bhoktuṃ śreyaḥ ucitam| hananapakṣe na kevalaṃ paratra duḥkham, kintvihāpi duḥkhamanubhaveyamityāha -hatveti|| gurūn hatvā tu, ihaiva teṣāṃ rudhireṇa pradigdhān = praliptān tairbhujyamānatvāt, arthakāmātmakān bhogān bhuñjīya| 1 arthakāmān gurūn iti vā|
yadyapi dharmaṃ kariṣyāmaḥ| tathā'pi jayaḥ parājayo veti na jānīma ityāhanacaitaditi||
aśocyāḥ = śokārhā na bhavanti| yāṃśca bhāṣase 'pāpamevāśrayedasmān'1 ityādinā te prajñāvādāḥ = svaprajñayaiva vādāḥ svamanīṣotthā natu śāstropadeśādiprāptā ityarthaḥ|2 yadvā, prakarṣeṇa jānantīti prajñāḥ, teṣāmavādāḥ, tadviruddhavādā ityarthaḥ34 siddhe śokaṃ bhāṣaṇaṃ cānūdya, asiddhayoraśocyatvaprājñamatavirodhayorvidhānārthaṃ vibhaktivipariṇāmenānvayaḥ

3.6

dvayormadhye naḥ asmākaṃ katarat garīyaḥ adhikataraṃ bhaviṣyatīti na vidmaḥ| yadvā yadi vā vayameva tān jayemaḥ ta eva yadi vā naḥ asmān jayeyuḥ jeṣyantīti ca na vidmaḥ| kiñcāsmākaṃ jayo'pi parājaya evetyāha - yāniti|| yān hatvā jīvituṃ necchāmaḥ te ete sammukhe sthitāḥ| vīrasyābalabandhuvadho loke nindyatvādan‍yāyya iti bhāvaḥ|
tataḥ kim ? ityata āha - kārpaṇyeti||
kathamāsannavināśā na śocyāḥ ? ityata āha - gatāsūniti|| paṇḍitāḥ ātmānātmatattvavidaḥ gatā asavaḥ = prāṇā yebhyaste gatāsavo dehāḥ, tadviruddhatvājjīvā agatāsavaḥ

3.7

'etān hatvā kathaṃ jīviṣyāmaḥ?' iti kārpaṇyam, doṣaśca kulakṣayakṛta iti tābhyāmupahataḥ = abhibhūtaḥ, svabhāvaḥ = pauruṣalakṣaṇo yasya so'haṃ tvāṃ pṛcchāmi| tathā dharme sammūḍhaṃ ceto yasya saḥ| yuddhaṃ tyaktā bhikṣāṭanaṃ kṣatriyadharmaḥ, uta yuddhaṃ kṛtvā rājyapālanaṃ dharma iti sandigdhacittaḥ sannityarthaḥ| ato mama yanniścitaṃ śreyaḥ yuktaṃ syāt tad brūhi| kiñca, te'haṃ śiṣyaḥ śāsanāhaḥ| ataḥ tvāṃ prapannaṃ śaraṇāgataṃ māṃ śikṣaya|

3.8

indriyāṇāmucchoṣaṇaṃ yat mama śokamapanudyāt nāśayet tat nahi prapaśyāmi| yadyapi bhūmau niṣkaṇṭakaṃ rājyaṃ prāpsyāmi, tathā surapatitvamapi prāpsyāmi, evaṃ yadiṣṭaṃ tat sarvaṃ prāpayiṣyāmi śokāpanodanāya¹ na prapaśyāmītyarthaḥ|
‘puruṣasya mṛtau brahman prāṇā bhāgata eva tu| adhidaivaṃ prāpnuvanti bhāgatāe'nuvrajanti tam||'7 iti smṛteḥ

3.10

hṛṣīkeśaḥ indriyaprerako'ntaryāmī 'jñāninastava mama sakhyuḥ kathamīdṛśī buddhiḥ?' iti parihāsaṃ kurvan iva ityarthaḥ|
sarvatrodāsīnatayā''kāśavadasaṅgo'pi suratarusvabhāvaḥ svaśaraṇāgatapakṣapātī paramakāruṇiko bhaktavatsalo'nādisaṃsārapravāhapatitān sukhamicchato duḥkhaṃ jihāsatastadupāyamajānato jīvān vilokya saṃsārasindhutaraṇāya svaviṣayakasarvottamatvadhīpūrvakāvicchinnapremapravāharūpaṃ svabhaktyākhyaṃ vahitramāropayituṃ prathamasopānaṃ svasvarūpānusandhānapūrvakaṃ svadharmānuṣṭhānaṃ vaktuṃ svasakhaṃ narāvatāraṃ saṃviditātmatattvamarjunamupalakṣaṇīkṛtya bhagavānātmānātmavivekamāha - aśocyāniti||

3.11

he arjuna tvaṃ yān prati aśocaḥ 'dṛṣṭvemam'³ ityādinā śocitavānasi ta
yadyapi muktau jīvasyāpi prāṇaviyogo bhavati 'na tasya prāṇā utkrāmanti ihaiva līyante'9 iti śrutyā muktaprāṇānāmaśeṣato jīvahānasya svakāraṇayorlayasya coktatvāt| tathā'pi dehātmanorviyogamaraṇarūpabaddhāvasthāyāṃ prāṇānāṃ bhāgena jīvena saha gamanamasti| dehe tu bhāgināmapi sambandho nāsti| tathā ca saṃsārāvasthāyāṃ gataprāṇāgataprāṇatvena dehātmānau vivakṣitau| dehaḥ pariṇāmī naśvarasvabhāvaśca na śokasthānam| ātmā'pyutpattivināśādivikāraśūnya iti na śokasthānamityarthaḥ|
yadvā, gatā nirgatā asavaḥ prāṇā yebhyaḥ tān dehān tadviruddhān agatāsūn asusaṃyogaviyogarahitān nityānandasvarūpān cetanāṃśca na śocanti|
yadyapi prāṇasambandho baddhāvasthāyāṃ cetane'pyasti| tathā'pi prāṇādhīnaceṣṭāvatvameva prāṇitvam| tacca deha evāsti, na cetane| muktau prāṇābhāve'pi
‘sa tatra paryeti jakṣan krīḍan ramamāṇaḥ’¹ iti śrutau ceṣṭāyā uktatvāt| nahi svāmitvamātreṇaiva prāṇitvam| īśasyāpi prāṇitvāpatteḥ| naca jīvasya prāṇajanyabhogāśrayatvena prāṇitvam, īśasya bhogābhāvānna prāṇitvamiti vācyam| prāṇādiprayuktasvābhāvikabhogasya jīve'pyabhāvāt| anādyavidyāvaśāddehādau ‘aham’ ‘mama’ ityabhimānāt putre naṣṭe ahaṃ naṣṭa itivat, jīve'pi bhogasyābhimānikatvāt| ātmano dehādhīnajanmamaraṇādikaṃ nāstyeveti sa na śokasthānam| dehastu pariṇāmasvabhāvaḥ, tasyotpattivināśayoḥ pratikṣaṇaṃ svābhāvikatvāt so'pi na śokasthānam| ataḥ dehātmanoḥ svarūpam, tajjñānopāyabhūtaṃ phalābhisandhirahitaṃ yuddhākhyaṃ svadharmaṃ ca jānatyapi matsakhe tattvavidi tvayi śocanaṃ prājñamataviruddhabhāṣaṇaṃ ca vipratiṣiddhaṃ mayopalabhyata iti bhāvaḥ|
nanvastu dehabhinnātmānaḥ prāṇasaṃyogaviyogādirūpajanmamaraṇābhāvaḥ| daṇḍena ghaṭadhvaṃsavat jīvanāśasambhavāt kathaṃ na śokaḥ kāryaḥ? ityata āha - na tveveti||

3.12

sakhe ātmanāṃ svabhāvaṃ śṛṇu| aham sarveśvaro vartamānāt pūrvasmin kāle nāsam iti na| api tvāsam eva| jātu kadācit tvamime janādhipāḥ ca sarve jīvāḥ saccidānandarūpā manniyamyā nāsanniti na| api tvāsanneva| evamahaṃ yūyaṃ ca sarve vayamataḥ paraṃ pralaye muktau ca na bhaviṣyāmaḥ iti na| api tu bhaviṣyāmaḥ²³ nañdvayasyātiśayena prakṛtārthasya bodhakatvāt, āsanneva bhaviṣyāma evetyarthaḥ| ‘idānīṃ smaḥ’ iti noktam, siddhatvāt|
ye'rjunādayo dṛṣṭaśrīkṛṣṇasāmarthyā jñātatannityatvāśca tān prati yathā'haṃ sarveśvaro nityaḥ kālatrayasambandhī, tathā tvamete janādhipāśca nityā kālatrayasambandhina ityupadeśaḥ|
nanu vedāntairīśvaranityatvaṃ jānatāṃ tata eva jīvanityatvasyāpi jñānaṃ bhaviṣyatīti kimatra jīvanityatvopadeśena ? iti cenna| ‘nityo nityānāṃ cetanaścetanānām’¹ iti śrutau hi ‘nityānām’ iti nirdhāraṇāsāmarthyājjīvānāṃ nityatvamaupacārikaṃ paramanityatvaṃ tvīśasyaiveti śaṅkānirāsāya svanityatvasāmyatayā jīvanityatvaṃ bhagavatoktam|² śrutisthaṣaṣṭhī tu sambandhamātre natu nirdhāraṇe|
‘bhedavyapadeśāccānyaḥ’³ ‘śārīraścobhaye'pi hi bhedenaimadhīyate’⁴ ‘adhikaṃ tu bhedavyapadeśāt’⁵ ityādisūtraiḥ ‘jñājñau dvāvajāvīśānīśau’⁶ ‘ya ātmani tiṣṭhannātmānamantaro yamayati’⁷ ‘yo vijñāne tiṣṭhan vijñānamantaro yamayati’ ‘pṛthagātmānaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā juṣṭastatastenāmṛtatvameti’⁸ iti śrutibhiḥ ‘anyaśca paramo rājaṃstathā'nyaḥ pañcaviṃśakaḥ’⁹ ityādismṛtibhiśca pratipāditasya bhedasya trikālābādhyatvarūpaṃ satyatvaṃ kālatrayasambandhitvarūpaṃ nityatvaṃ ca bhagavatā pratipāditam|
naca ‘nāhamīśvaraḥ’ iti pratyakṣeṇaiva bhedasiddhopadeśavaiyarthyamiti vācyam| pratyakṣasya vartamānamātragrāhitvena vartamānabhedasiddhāvapi, atītānāgatabhedasya pratyakṣāsiddhasya bodhakatvenopadeśasya sārthakyāt| yadyapi bhedavācakaṃ śrutau padaṃ nāsti| tathā'pyuktasūtraiḥ śrutīnāṃ bhedaparatvena vyākhyātatvāt| bhagavadvākye yadyapi bhedabodhakaṃ padaṃ nāsti| tathā'pi ‘āmanamasyāmanamasi devāstisra āhutīḥ’ ityādau yathā bahutvasaṅkhyayā bhinnāstisra āhutayaḥ siddhyanti, tathā vayamityuktabahutvasaṅkhyayā bhedaḥ siddhyati| yathā ca ‘tapte payasi dadhyānayati
‘anyamīśam’¹ ityabhyāsaḥ| śāstraikagamyeśvarapratiyogikasya tadanuyogikasya traikālikabhedasya śāstraṃ vinā'prāpterapūrvatā| ‘puṇyapāpe vidhūya’² iti phalam| ‘asya mahimānameti’³ iti stutirūpo'rthavādaḥ| ‘anaśnan’⁴ ityupapattiḥ|
antaryāmibrāhmaṇe'pi ṣaḍvidhaliṅgopetavākyam| tathāhi| ‘vettha nu tvaṃ kāpya tamantaryāmiṇam’⁵ ityupakramaḥ| ‘eṣa ta ātmā'ntaryāmī’⁶ ityupasaṃhāraḥ| ‘eṣa ātmā’⁷ ityekaviṃśatikṛtvo'bhyāsaḥ| antaryāmitvasyāprāptatayā'pūrvatā| ‘sa vai brahmavit’⁸ ityādinindarūpo'rthavādaḥ| ‘yasya pṛthivī śarīraṃ pṛthivī yaṃ na veda’⁹ ‘yasyātmā śarīraṃ ātmā yaṃ na veda’ ityādyupapattiriti|
naca ‘nāhamīśvaraḥ’ iti pratyakṣeṇaiva bhedasiddyā śrutiranuvādiketi vācyam| pratyakṣasya prāmāṇye hi tenaiva bhedasiddyā, astu bhedaśrutirnityānuvādaḥ| pratyakṣasyāprāmāṇye śruteranuvādakatvāsambhavāt| apramāṇagṛhītamātragrāhitvenānuvādakatvasvīkāre, apramāṇagṛhītamātragrāhitvena śruteraprāmāṇyāpatteḥ| naca bhedasya pratyakṣasiddhatvena śāstrārambho vyarthaḥ| īśvarapratiyogikabhedasya pratyakṣasiddhatve'pi, anantaguṇapūrṇasya śrīharerapratyakṣatvāt śravaṇamanananididhyāsanādinā tamaparokṣīkartuṃ śāstrārambhasya sārthakatvāt|
nanu svīyadehanāśarūpaṃ maraṇaṃ tu jīvasya syādeva| tatrāha - dehina iti||

3.13

yathā ekasmin dehe vartamānasya dehinaḥ kaumārāvasthāṃ vihāya yauvanādyavasthāṃ prāptasya sthiratvabuddhyā na śoko bhavati, tathā ekaṃ dehaṃ vihāya dehāntaraprāptiḥ| tatra prāptau dhīraḥ ‘ātmā sthiraḥ’ iti dhīmān na muhyati ‘ātmā mṛtaḥ’ iti na muhyati|
nanu deha evātmā| ‘sthūlo'haṃ gauro'haṃ gacchāmi’ iti pratīteḥ| ‘jāto devadattaḥ’ ‘mṛto maitraḥ’ iti pratīterdehajanmanāśābhyāmātmano'pi janmanāśopapatteḥ| anumānāgamādeḥ prāmāṇyānaṅgīkāreṇa dehabhinnātmanaḥ pratyakṣāsiddhatvāditi lokāyatikaḥ| tān prati vā''ha - dehina iti||
‘yo'haṃ bālye pitṝnanvabhūvam so'haṃ vṛddho praṇaptṝnanubhavāmi’ ityavasthābhedād dehabhede'pyātmanaḥ sthiratvapratyabhijñānānna yathā bhedaḥ, tathā yo'haṃ svapne pūrvaṃ vyāghradeho'nantaraṃ paśudehaḥ sa evāhaṃ manuṣyadeha ityanugatadeheṣvanugatātmajñānāt, tatra dehāntaraprāptau dehabhinnātmani na muhyati| uktadehātmanorabhedapratyayastu kardamalipte vastre kṛṣṇaṃ vastraṃ putre naṣṭe'haṃ naṣṭa itivadaupacārikaḥ| ‘mama dehaḥ sthūlaḥ’ ityādipratyayasya bādhakatvenāropāsambhavāt| dehātiriktātmābhāve stanapānādau bālasya pravṛttirna syāt| iṣṭasādhanatājñānābhāvāt| anubhāvakasya tadānīmasatvāt| prācīnastanapānānubhavituridānīmasatvena smaraṇāsambhavācca|
yathaikasmin dehe pariṇāmini nānāvasthā jāyante tattyāgaprāptibhayāt svadharmānuṣṭhānaṃ na tyājyaṃ tadutpattyāderavarjanīyatvāt, tathā vidyamānadehanāśe dehāntarotpatterāvaśyakatvāt tadbhayāt svadharmānuṣṭhānaṃ na tyājyamiti bhāvaḥ|
dehinaḥ ityekavacanaṃ tu jīvasyānekāvasthādigatasyāpyekatvalābhāya| ekavacanānurodhena jīvaikatve¹ śukādimokṣapratipādakaśāstrasyāprāmāṇyaṃ syāt| tadaṅgīkāre viniyāmakābhāvena jīvaikyaparatvābhimatasyāprāmāṇyāpatteḥ| ‘sa jīvo'hameva’ iti niścayābhāvena mumukṣūṇāṃ śravaṇādau bahvāyāsāsādhyaniṣkampapravṛttirna syāt| ‘yaḥ sarvajñaḥ sarvavit’² ityādinityasārvajñabodhakaśrutivirodhāpātācca| baddhamuktaguruśiṣyādivyavahārasyānupapatteśca| naca svapnavadupapattiḥ| mokṣasya brahmasvarūpasya ca tvadabhimatasya svāpnikagurvādidvanmithyātvāpattyā spaṣṭā śūnyavādapattiḥ|
nanvātmano nityatvād dehasya naśvaratvānnobhayaṃ śokasthānaṃ yadyapi, tathā'pi premāspadānāṃ svajanānāṃ darśanasparśālāpādikaṃ sukhahetuḥ| teṣu mṛteṣu
mama sukhahāniḥ| teṣāṃ svasyātitīvraśastrabhedādidarśanādatyantaduḥkhaṃ syāt| ataḥ kathaṃ na śocyam ? ata āha - mātreti||

3.14

mīyante jñāyante iti mātrāḥ śabdasparśādyā viṣayāḥ| teṣāṃ sparśāḥ śrotrādibhiḥ saha sambandhāḥ| śītoṣṇa śabdau sarvaviṣayopalakṣakau| tato'pi viṣayasākṣātkāropalakṣakau| viṣayāḥ svānubhavadvārā sukhaduḥkhadā ityarthaḥ| śabdādīnāṃ śrotrādibhiḥ saha sannikarṣaḥ| tatastadviṣayasākṣātkāraḥ| tataśceṣṭaviṣayajñānāt sukham, aniṣṭaviṣayajñānādasukhaṃ bhavati¹ tān dhairyeṇa yāvacchāstrīyayuddhādikarmasamāptiḥ, tāvat titikṣasva| te cāgamāpāyitvādanityatvāt dhairyavatāṃ kṣantuṃ yogyāḥ² bandhahetvavidyānivṛttau dehādau 'aham' 'mama' ityabhimānanivṛttau ca, antaḥkaraṇaṃ sukhaduḥkhādyutpattāvapi jīvanmuktānāmāgamāpāyināmapi duḥkhādīnāṃ prāgivānubhavābhāvāt teṣāmanityatvaṃ jīve svābhāvikasambandhaśūnyatvaṃ dehādāvahamityabhimānaṃ vihāya duḥkhādyadhikaraṇaṃ mana eveti vibhāvayan jñānānandasvarūpaṃ cātmānaṃ sañcintayan yāvatsvadharmānuṣṭhānaṃ śītādiprayuktaṃ duḥkhādikamavaśyaṃ soḍhavyamiti bhāvaḥ|
nanu duḥkhābhāvarūpapuruṣārthasya yuddhādisvadharmānanuṣṭhānenāpi sambhavāt, kiṃ tatkṛtvā prasaktaduḥkhasyābhāvāyābhimānatyāgena ? iti hṛdayasthāmaGenericśaṅkāmapākartum, abhimānatyāgādbhavan duḥkhābhāvaḥ svayaṃ puruṣārtho'pi paramānandasvarūpāvirbhāvarūpamokṣahetuśca bhavatītyāha - yaṃ hīti||

3.15

yaṃ dehādau ‘aham’ ityādyabhimānaśūnyam ete mātrāsparśāḥ na vyathayanti sukhaduḥkhavaiṣamyayuktaṃ na kurvanti, so'mṛtatvāya mokṣāya kalpate yogyo bhavati| nanu suṣuptyādau pāmarāṇāmapi ‘aham’ ityādyabhimānābhāvādamṛtatvaṃ syādata āha - puruṣamiti|| puruṣameva santaṃ dehādyanusandhānavantam, jāgratamityarthaḥ|¹
yadvā, abhimānatyāgajanyaduḥkhābhāvamātrāt kathaṃ mokṣaḥ? ‘tameva vidvānamṛta iha bhavati’ iti śrutivirodhādata āha - puruṣamiti|| puru brahma sarati jānātīti puruṣaḥ brahmajñānī, tam² kīdṛśam ? samaduḥkhasukham anātmadharmatvāt, apuruṣārthatvācca duḥkhaṃ yathā heyam, vaiṣayikaṃ sukhamapyanātmadharmatvāt mokṣaviruddhatvācca tathā heyatvena same sukhaduḥkhe yasya| tādṛśasamatvameva kathaṃ syāt ? ata uktam - dhīramiti|| sukhaduḥkhakāryaharṣaviṣādayoḥ stambhakaprayatnavantamityarthaḥ|
ayaṃ bhāvaḥ| yathā kṣetrotpannadhanena vṛkṣotpannadaṇḍena ca sambandhaviśeṣeṇa puruṣasya dhanitvaṃ daṇḍitvam, tathā manasyutpannena duḥkhādinā avidyāsahakṛtasvāmitvena duḥkhādijanakādṛṣṭaprayojakāvidyāvatvena vā sambandhena jīvasya duḥkhādimattvam| jīvanmuktānāmanuvṛttasyāvidyāleśasya dagdhapaṭanyāyena dehādyabhimānāprayojakatatvena tannimittādṛṣṭāprayojakatvaṃ prārabdhakarmajanyādṛṣṭaphaladuḥkhādibhogasampādakatvaṃ ca paramastītyavidyaiva duḥkhānubhavarūpasaṃsāraheturiti saṃsārahānāya dehādau ‘aham’ ‘mama’ ityabhimānaṃ vihāya karmaṇi ‘madīyamidaṃ karma, anenedaṃ phalaṃ prāptavyam’ iti cābhimānaṃ vihāya, śāstroktasvasvarūpānusandhānapūrvakasvocitakarmānuṣṭhānam, tataḥ sarvottamatvadhīpūrvakāvicchinnapremapravāharūpā parā bhaktiḥ, tato bhagavanmahāprasādaḥ, tato mokṣa iti|
puruṣam ityekavacanam ‘rājā dhārmiko bhavet’ ‘brāhmaṇaḥ śānto dānto bhavet’ ityādivajjātyabhiprāyeṇopapannam|
hutvaṃ pratyakṣādiprāptam, yadanūdyeta| nacaikajīvavāde muktāmuktavyavasthā'sti| śrutisiddhānāṃ śukādīnāṃ tvadabhimatānāṃ gauḍapādādīnāṃ brahmavidāṃ muktirnāsīt, tadupadeśāt tava bhaviṣyatīti citram|
kiñca jīvaikatve sukhaduḥkhabhogasāṅkaryaṃ syāt| nacopādhibhedādasāṅkaryam| dehopādhibhede'pi yogināṃ bhogasāṅkaryadarśanāt| antaḥkaraṇasyopādhitve suṣuptau tannāśāt bahusuptālpasuptayoranubhavasya sāṅkaryāpatteḥ| pratidinaṃ suṣuptau naṣṭasya saṃskārasmaraṇādyaniyāmakatvācca| naca kāraṇātmanā suṣuptau antaḥkaraṇamasti| kāraṇasyāvidyārūpasyaikatvena smṛtyādyaniyāmakatvādityalam|
yaduktaṃ ātmanāṃ nityatvaṃ dehānāmanityatvaṃ ca ‘aśocyān’ ityādinā, tadupapādayati -

3.16

asataḥ pariṇāmino dehasya bhāvaḥ apariṇāmitvaṃ na vidyate| sataḥ apariṇāmina ātmanaḥ abhāvaḥ pariṇāmitvaṃ ca na vidyate| anayorubhayoḥ dehātmanoḥ antaḥ tattvadarśibhiḥ dṛṣṭaḥ| nirūpaṇasya nirṇayāntatvāt, nirṇaya evāntaśabdenoktaḥ¹ | asato dehasyāsatvameva, sata ātmana satvameva svarūpamiti nirṇayo dṛṣṭa ityarthaḥ|²
‘anāśī paramārtho'sau prājñairabhyupagamyate’³ ‘yattu kālāntareṇāpi nānyasañjñāmupaiti vai| pariṇāmādisambhūtaṃ tadastu nṛpa tacca kim||’⁴ iti vaiṣṇavokteḥ⁵
yadvā, sadasacchabdau satkarmāsatkarmaparau|
'praśaste karmaṇi tathā sacchabdaḥ pārtha yujyate'<sup 1</sup 'aśraddhayā hutaṃ dattaṃ tapastaptaṃ kṛtaṃ ca yat| asadityucyate pārtha'<sup 2</sup ityādi vakṣyamāṇatvāt|
tathā asataḥ duṣṭakarmaṇaḥ sakāśāt bhāvaḥ sukhaṃ na vidyate| tathā sataḥ sukarmaṇo yuddhāditaḥ abhāvaḥ duḥkhaṃ na vidyate| anayorubhayoḥ sadasatkarmaṇoḥ sukhaduḥkhakāraṇatvarūpaḥ antaḥ nirṇayaḥ tattvadarśibhiḥ dṛṣṭaḥ| idaṃ yuddhaṃ tu kṣatriyasya praśastataram| ataḥ 'pāpamevāśrayedasmān'<sup 3</sup iti śokaṃ jahīti bhāvaḥ| bhavatyasminnananyaprayojanikeccheti bhāvaḥ sukham| na bhavati tādṛgicchā yasmin saḥ abhāvaḥ duḥkham<sup 4</sup
yattu<sup 5</sup “asataḥ viśvasya bhāvaḥ satvaṃ nāsti, mṛṣātvāt| sataḥ brahmaṇaḥ nāśatvam<sup 6</sup sajātīyavijātīyasvagatabhedaśūnyaṃ brahmaiva svaprakāśarūpaṃ sat 'ghaṭaḥ san' ityādau ca ghaṭāditādātmyāpannaṃ tadeva bhāti sajātīyāccito bhedaḥ vijātīyājjaḍādbhedaḥ svagatādguṇādbhedo nāsti, pratiyogino'bhāvāt| tathā ca śrutiḥ 'sadeva somyedamagra āsīdekamevādvitīyaṃ brahma'<sup 7</sup ityupakramya, 'aitadātmyamidaṃ sarvaṃ tat satyaṃ sa ātmā tattvamasi śvetaketo' ityupasaṃharantī uktabhedaśūnyamekaṃ satyamāha| 'vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ mṛttiketyeva satyam' ityādiśrutirvikārasyāmṛtatvamāha| 'sanmūlāḥ somyemāḥ sarvāḥ prajāḥ sadāyatanāḥ satpratiṣṭhāḥ' iti śrutirvikārasya sati<sup 8</sup kalpitatvamāha” iti, tanna|
viśvasya mithyātve 'janmādyasya yataḥ'<sup 9</sup iti sūtre 'yato vā imāni
dhikaśūnyatvam, evakāreṇa ‘śaṅkhaḥ pāṇḍura eva’ ityādivat mukhyāderbrahmaṇyayogavyavacchedo bodhyate|
‘vācārambhaṇa’śabdasya mṛṣātve yogarūḍhyorabhāvācca| vācārambhaṇaṃ vyākaraṇanirapekṣavāgindriyārabdhabhāṣāśabdo vikāro deśādibhedena vikṛtaḥ| mṛttiketi saṃskṛtaṃ satyamekarūpam| yathā bhāṣāśabdādyāvān vyavahāraḥ, tat tadadhikaṃ ca saṃskṛtādbhavati, tathā devatāntarajñānādyat phalaṃ tat tadadhikaṃ ca brahmajñānādbhavatītyatra ‘vācārambhaṇam’ ityādidṛṣṭāntaḥ| satsvarūpabrahmakartṛkatvena tadādhārakatvena ca sanmūlakatvādikaṃ prajānām|
naca lāghavādekameva satvaṃ svīkāryam| tadevādhiṣṭhānagataṃ ‘san ghaṭaḥ’ ityādau ghaṭādiniṣṭhatayā bhāti| anidamri rūpye ‘idaṃ rūpyam’ ityatra śuktiniṣṭhedantāvaditi vācyam| ‘sadbrahma’ ityatrāpyadhiṣṭhānasattvasyaiva bhānāpattyā brahmaṇo'pyasattvāpatteḥ| sattvatraividhyasya tvayā'pyaṅgīkārācca| lāghavena sattvāpalāpe'tilāghavena brahmasattvamapi na svīkāryam| pratītistu vāstavasattvaṃ vinā'pi śuktirūpyavat prātītikasattvenāpyupapadyate| ato ‘nityo ghaṭaḥ’ iti nityatvādivat ‘san ghaṭaḥ’ iti sattvamapi tanniṣṭhameva| tacca trikālābādhyatvarūpaṃ kālasambandhitvam| naca rūpyamastīti prātītikatrikālasambandho'stīti vācyam| kālasambandhitvena pratītireva hi na kālasambandhaḥ, arthakriyādyāpatteḥ| ‘prameyatve prameyatvam’ itivat tasya svasthitatvasattvācca|
nanvīśvaranityatve mānābhāvāt taddṛṣṭāntena kathaṃ jīvānāṃ ‘na tvevāham’<sup 1</sup ityuktaṃ nityatvaṃ siddhyati? naca ‘avināśī vā're'yamātmā’<sup 2</sup ityādinā parameśvaranityatvaṃ siddhamiti vācyam| tadvākyānāmupāsanāparatvenopapannatvāt| upāsanāyāśca ‘yoṣitamagniṃ dhyāyīta’ ityādivadasadviṣayakatvāt| ata āha - avināśīti||

3.17

yena parabrahmaṇā sarvamidaṃ jagat tataṃ vyāptaṃ tat avināśi viddhi| asya sarvavyāpakasya vināśaṃ kartuṃ kaścinnārhati| nahi vyāpyena niyamyena vyāpakasya niyāmakasya vināśaḥ sambhavati| sarvasya tadadhīnasattākatvāt, vināśakābhāvādavyayasya| tathā ca sarvasya madadhīnatvād deśakālavastvādinā sarveśvarasya mama nāśo yathā nāsti, tathā tvadādīnāṃ cetanānāṃ matsadṛśānāṃ nāśo nāsti, anādicetanatvāditi¹ bhāvaḥ|
nanvanāditvāccetanatvāt svatantratvācceśvarasyāstu nityatvam| tatpratibimbasya jīvasya tatsadṛśatve'pi kathaṃ nityatvam ? pratibimbasyānityatvaniyamāt| pratibimbatvaṃ jīvasya ‘rūpaṃ rūpaṃ pratirūpaṃ babhūva’² ‘ekadhā bahudhā caiva dṛśyate jalacandravat’³ itiśrutisiddham, ata āha - antavanta iti||

3.18

nityasya śarīriṇaḥ jīvasya ime bālyayauvanādyavasthābhedena bhinnāḥ pariṇāmitvena pratyakṣasiddhāḥ dehā antavantaḥ nāśavantaḥ| pariṇāmitvāddīpakalikāvacchutibhiruktā asya jīvasamūhasya ime pratyakṣasiddhāḥ dehā antavantaḥ iti vā'rthaḥ|
‘nityasya dehā antavantaḥ’ ityukte parameśvaradehasyāpyanityatvaṃ prasajyeta| ataḥ śarīriṇaḥ śīryata iti śarīram, tadasyāstīti śarīrī| tasyeśvaradehasya śīryamāṇatvābhāvāt| nityatve hetuḥ - anāśinaḥ nāśaśūnyasya| tatra hetuḥ - aprameyasya| nahyātmā prameya tayopalabhyate| api tu, ‘idamahaṃ jānāmi’ iti pramātṛtayaivānubhūyate| navā dehadehipradeśabhede pramāturākārabheda upalabhyate| ata ekarūpatvenānupacāyātmakatvāt pramātṛtvādātmā nityaḥ| dehastūpacayātmakatvāccharīreṇopabhogāyatanatvādanekarūpatvāccānityaḥ| rūpaṃ rūpaṃ prati jīvaṃ jīvaṃ pratyantaryāmitayā matsyādivannityairniyāmakatāvadrūpairharirabhivyakto babhūva| sa ekadhā mūlarūpeṇa bahudhā niyāmakarūpairdṛśyate| yathā pātrādisthajalabhedenaikaścandro nānā dṛśyate tathaiko'pyanekaniyāmakarūpairnityaiścābhivyakto bhavatītyarthaḥ|
pattyā paryāyatvānistārāt| naca lakṣaṇayā'khaṇḍabrahmaparaṃ vākyam| kvacidaśaktasya padasya lakṣaṇāsambhavāt| naca viśiṣṭe śaktasya śaktijanyabodhāviṣayasya svarūpabhinnasya lākṣaṇikabodhaviṣayatve'dvaitahāneḥ| aviṣayatve lakṣaṇāvaiyyarthyāt| gaṅgāpadalakṣyasya tīrasyāgaṅgātvavat satyādipadalakṣyasyāsatyatvādyāpatteḥ|
nanu bandhuvicchedanimittakaśoke'panīte'pi tadvadhakartṛtvanimittakaṃ pāpaṃ syādeva| śokābhāvāt pāpābhāve, dveṣyabrāhmaṇavadhācchokāviṣayāt pāpānāpatteḥ, ato'haṃ vadhakartā'haṃ preraka iti dvayorapi hiṃsānimittakapāpāpatterityāśaṅkya kāṭhakavākyena¹ pariharati - ya iti||

3.19

yaḥ mīmāṃsakādiḥ² enaṃ jīvaṃ hantāraṃ svatantrahananakriyākartāraṃ yaśca lokāyatikādiḥ hataṃ hananakarma manyate, tāvubhau tatsvarūpaṃ na jānītaḥ| ayaṃ na kañcit svatantraṃ hanti pareśādhīnatvāt|
‘īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ hṛddeśe'rjuna tiṣṭhati| bhrāmayan sarvabhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni māyayā||’³ iti vakṣyamāṇatvāt|
uktarītyā nityatvena hananakarmāsambhavāt|
ayaṃ bhāvaḥ| uktarītyā nityatvānna tasya hananakarmatvam| parādhīnamapi kartṛtvaṃ svābhāvikaṃ nāsti| kintvanādyavidyāvaśāddehāntaḥkaraṇādāvahaṃmametyabhimānād buddhisthakṛtyādinā ‘ahaṃ karomi’ iti kartā bhavati| tatra tatphalabhogāya sadasadyoniṣu saṃsarati| nacaivaṃ kartṛtvaṃ jīve mṛṣā syāt, tathā ca ‘kartā śāstrārthavattvāt’⁴ iti jīvasya kartṛtvabodhakaṃ sūtraṃ viruddhyeta, apasiddhāntaśca
syāditi vācyam| buddhyā utpannasyāpi kartṛtvāderavidyāsahakṛtasvāmitvasambandhena vāstavasyaiva jīve sattvāt| vṛkṣotpannadaṇḍena kenacit sambandhena yathā hi puruṣasya daṇḍitvaṃ na vṛkṣasya, tathā'vidyāsahakṛtasvāmitvādisambandhena jīvasya kartṛtvaṃ duḥkhitvādikaṃ tena sambandhena yatra kartṛtvaṃ tasyaiva saṃsāramokṣādikam| tatrādṛṣṭādau jīvasya sambandhiniyāmako'nādyavidyāprayukto dehādāvukto'bhimāna eva| anādyavidyayā abhimānaḥ, tato'dṛṣṭādisambandhaḥ, tato buddhisambandhaḥ, tato satyameva kartṛtvam, tataḥ satyameva duḥkhādyanubhavarūpaḥ saṃsāraḥ sābhimānasya| kṣatriyasya svocitayuddhākhyakarmānuṣṭhānānna pāpam| kintu svargādikaṃ bhavati| tvaṃ tu mumukṣuḥ| ato'bhimānaṃ vihāya phalecchārahitaṃ svadharmaṃ yuddhamācareti|
nacātmā hananakriyāyāḥ karma kartā ca| kuto na bhavati? avikriyatvādityāha na jāyate iti dvitīyamantreṇa¹

3.20

‘jāyate, asti, vardhate, vipariṇamate, apakṣīyate, naśyati’ iti ṣaḍbidhavikārāḥ| tatrādyadvayau niṣidhyete - na jāyate mriyate veti|| vāḥ samuccayārthaḥ| na jāyate mriyate cetyarthaḥ| kuto notpadyate? yato'yamātmā kadā'pi kāle na bhūtvā abhūtvā prāk bhūyaḥ punarapi bhavitā na| yo hyabhūtvā bhavati, utpattirūpāṃ vikriyāmāpnoti| ayaṃ tu prāgapi sattvāt, yato notpadyate, ataḥ ajaḥ| tathā'yamātmā bhūtvā prāk kadācit bhūyaḥ punaḥ na bhavitā|
‘navā’śabdādvākyaviparītavṛttiḥ| yo hi prāk bhūtvā, uttarakāle ca na bhaviṣyati, sa mṛtirūpāṃ vikriyāmanubhavati| ayaṃ tūttarakāle'pi sattvāt, yato na mriyate nityaḥ vināśāyogyaḥ| śāśvataḥ sadaikarūpaḥ| apacayādyabhāvānna vṛddhirityāha - purāṇa iti|| purāpi nava ekarūpaḥ, natvadhunā nūtanāṃ kāñcidavasthāṃ
prāpnoti| yo hi nūtanāmavasthāṃ prāpnoti sa vardhata ityucyate| astitvavipariṇāmau tu janmavināśāntarbhūtatvānna pṛthak niṣiddhau| yasmādevaṃ sarvavikāraśūnya ātmā, tasmāt śarīre hanyamāne tatsambaddho'pi kenā'pyupāyena na hanyate na hantuṃ śakyata ityarthaḥ|
jīvasyānityatvaṃ manyamāno mithyājñānītyuktam| jñānī tu naivaṃ manyata ityāha - vedeti||

3.21

ya enamavināśinaṃ ṣaḍvikārarahitaṃ vikṛtajaḍadehādivilakṣaṇaṃ saccidānandasvarūpaṃ veda , sa puruṣaḥ devamanuṣyapaśvādideheṣvanādyavidyāhetukāhaṃmametyabhimānanibandhanaṃ karmaphalabhogārthaṃ vartamāneṣvātmasu kam apyātmānaṃ kathaṃ ghātayati kathaṃ vā hanti kathaṃ nāśayati kathaṃ vā tatprayojako bhavatītyarthaḥ| avināśinaṃ naimittikanāśaśūnyam| ajam utpattiśūnyam| yadvā, avināśinaṃ śarīrāpāyādiśūnyam, nityaṃ svarūpataḥ¹, ajaṃ ṣaḍvikāraśūnyam, avyayaṃ nityaguṇakam, svatantraṃ ca enaṃ śrīhariṃ yo veda sākṣātkaroti, saḥ tatprasādānnivṛttāvidyo nivṛttataddhetukābhimānaḥ, ato nivṛttasarvakarmādhikāraḥ, āvirbhūtacidānandasandohasvarūpaḥ kaṃ ghātayati kaṃ vā hanti kathaṃ vetyarthaḥ|
nanu jīvo nityaḥ, tasya dehayogaviyogau dehe kaumārādivadityukatam| tatra kaumārādeḥ dehādyanatibhinnatvānna tena dehātmanorvivekaḥ sphuṭataraṃ bhavatītyato dehātmanorvivekaṃ vastradṛṣṭāntenopapādayati² - vāsāṃsīti||

3.22

yathā naro'nāyāsena vikriyārahita eva jīrṇāni vāsāṃsi vihāya, aparāṇi navāni gṛhṇāti| jīrṇāni ityupalakṣaṇam| nikṛṣṭaṃ nūtanamapi vihāya, utkṛṣṭaṃ gṛhṇāti| tathā jīrṇāni vayasā tapasā ca¹ kṛśāni utkṛṣṭabhogākṣamāni bhīṣmādiśarīrāni vihāya , anyāni devādiśarīrāṇi sarvotkṛṣṭāni ciropārjitadharmaphalabhogāya saṃyāti samyak garbhavāsakleśaṃ vinaiva prāpnoti| dehī prakṛṣṭadharmānuṣṭhātā bhīṣmādirityarthaḥ| 'anyannavataraṃ kalyāṇataraṃ rūpaṃ kurute, pitryaṃ ca gāndharvaṃ vā brāhmam' ityādiśruteḥ|
nanu śarīranāśe sa kuto na naśyati? ityāśaṅkāmapākartuṃ nāśasāmagryabhāvamāha - nainamiti|

3.23

śastrādyanāśyatvamupapādayati - acchedya iti||

3.24

niravayavatvāt acchedyaḥ| ata eva adāhyaḥ| amṛtṛtvāt, niravayavatvācca akledyaḥ| adravatvāt aśoṣyaḥ| nityaṃ nitarāṃ sarveṣu deśeṣu kāleṣu jāgratsvapnasuṣuptyavasthāsu gacchatīti nityaḥ sarvagataḥ ² nityatvasarvagatatvayoḥ pṛthagviśeṣaṇatve tayoḥ pūrvamuktatvāt punaruktiḥ syāt ³4 sthāṇuḥ kūṭasthaḥ, nirvikāraḥ| acalaḥ bālyādyavasthāśūnyaḥ| sanātanaḥ sarvavikārāt prāgevaikākāreṇa vidyamānaḥ|
acchedyatvādau hetumāha - avyakto'yamiti||

3.25

chedyāni vastūni yaiḥ pramāṇaiḥ vyajyante, tairātmā na vyajyata iti avyaktaḥ| ataḥ chedyādivilakṣaṇaḥ| acintyaḥ evaṃ vastuvilakṣaṇasvabhāvatvena, itarasvabhāvayuktatayā cintayitumapi nārhaḥ| ata eva avikāryaḥ vikārānarhaḥ| tasmāt uktalakṣaṇam enam ātmānaṃ viditvā śocituṃ nārhasi |
ātmano nityatvenāśocyatvamuktvā, idānīṃ vikāritvamupetyāpi ślokadvayenāśocyatvaṃ pratipādayati - atheti||

3.26

tatra, ātmā jñānasvarūpaḥ pratikṣaṇaṃ vināśīti saugatāḥ, deha evātmā sa eva sthiro'pyanukṣaṇaṃ pariṇāmī jāyate naśyati ceti lokāyatikā iti pakṣāntare'thaśabdaḥ| mahābāho puruṣadhaureyeti sopahāsaṃ etādṛśī buddhistava na yuktā| tathāhi| kṣaṇikatvapakṣe dehātmapakṣe ca 'aho bata mahatpāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam' ityevaṃ śocituṃ nārhasi| etanmate janmāntarāsambhavena pāpāsaṃbhavāt| pāpabhayenaiva hi tvaṃ śocasi, taccaitādṛśadarśane na sambhavatītyarthaḥ| kṣaṇikatvapakṣe ca dṛṣṭamapi duḥkhādikaṃ na sambhavati bandhuvināśadarśitvābhāvādityarthaḥ|
nanvātmanaḥ sthāyitvapakṣe'pi dṛṣṭādṛṣṭaduḥkhasambhavāt kathaṃ na śocāmi ? ityata āha - jātasyeti||

3.27

hi yataḥ jātasya svakṛtakarmavaśāllabdhadehendriyādisambandhasya sthirasyātmano dhruvaḥ āvaśyakaḥ mṛtyuḥ taccharīrādivicchedaḥ| tathā mṛtasya vigatadehendriyasambandhakasya dhruvaṃ janma prāgdehakṛtakarmaphalabhogārtham| sānuśayasyaiva saṃsāriṇaḥ prastutatvānna mukteṣu vyabhicāraḥ| tasmāt evam aparihārye'rthe parihartumaśakye janmamaraṇādirūpe'rthe tvaṃ vidvān śocituṃ nārhasi |
nanvātmānamuddiśyāśocyatve'pi bhūtasaṅghātaśarīrāṇyuddeśya śocāmītyata āha - avyaktādīnīti||

3.28

avyaktaṃ = pradhānam ādiḥ = utpatteḥ pūrvarūpaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni tathā| vyaktam = abhivyaktaṃ madhyaṃ = janmamaraṇāntaraṃ sthitirūpaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni vyaktamadhyāni| avyakte nidhanaṃ = layo yeṣāṃ tāni| tānīdṛśāni teṣu kā paridevanā kaḥ śokanimittakaḥ pralāpaḥ ? śarīrāṇi prakṛteravasthānarūpāṇi kāraṇavaśāt tatraivābhivyajyante kadācinna vyaktībhavanti| yathā daṇḍādinā mṛtpiṇḍākhyāvasthā'bhibhūyate, ghaṭatvādyavasthā'bhivyajyate, satkāryavāde dravyanāśābhāvāt, tatheme dehāḥ| ataḥ paramānandasvarūpāvirbhāvalakṣaṇamokṣahetubhagavadāparokṣyasādhanasvadharmāt pracyāvakaṃ śokaṃ kartuṃ tvaṃ nārhasīti bhāvaḥ|
nanu vidvāṃso'pi bahava¹ evaṃ śocanti| tat kuto vakturjñānāt śroturmāndyādviṣayasyātmano durjñeyatvādvā ? ityāśaṅkāyāmātmano durjñeyatvamāha - āścaryavaditi||

3.29

enaṃ dehinaṃ dehendriyādāvanādyavidyāvaśāt 'deho mama' ityabhimāninaṃ kaścit ācāryopadeśalabdhavivekaḥ āścaryavat āścaryaṃ paśyati| 'vidhivat kṛtam'
itivat svārthe vatiḥ| tādṛśa eva kaścit anyasmai vadati| so'pi āścaryavat āścaryaḥ, durlabha ityarthaḥ| anyaḥ kaścit yadā enaṃ śṛṇoti so'pi āścaryavat āścaryaḥ, durlabhaḥ| śrutvā'pi śamadamādisampattihīnaḥ śrutvā'pyenaṃ na veda| atra vakturdraṣṭurapekṣayā nānyatvam, api tu pṛthagjanāpekṣayā| yadvā, āścaryavat sarvatra darśanādikriyāviśeṣaṇaṃ kartṛkarmaṇośca viśeṣaṇam| ātmā tajjñānaṃ tajjñānī cetyetat tritayamāścaryam| anādyavidyāvaśāt ‘ahaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ’ ‘ahaṃ kṣatriyaḥ’ iti dehādisaṃvalitatayā gṛhyamāṇaḥ matprasādalabdhavivekaṃ vinā kathaṃ tvaṃ samyak jānīthā iti bhāvaḥ|

3.30

sarvasya prāṇijātasya dehe vadhyamāne'pi ayaṃ dehī jīvo vadhyo na bhavatīti nityaṃ niyataṃ yasmāt tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni sthūlāni sūkṣmāṇi ca bhīṣmādibhāvāpannāni śocituṃ nārhasi| sthūladehasyāśocyatvamaparihāryatvāt liṅgadehasyāśocyatvam ātmavadevāvadhyatvāditi na sthūladehasya liṅgadehasya vā śocyatvaṃ yuktamiti bhāvaḥ|

3.31

idaṃ yuddhaṃ prāṇihiṃsārūpam api agnīṣomīyapaśuhiṃsāvadvihitatvena svadharmatvādavaśyamanuṣṭheyamiti avekṣya vikampituṃ calituṃ yuddhaṃ tyaktuṃ nārhasi ¹ yaduktaṃ
‘naca śreyo'nupaśyāmi’¹ iti tatrāha - dhamryāditi|| dharmādanapetaṃ dharmyaṃ tasmāt śreyassādhanaṃ kṣatriyasya na vidyate |
kiñca mahati śreyasi svayameva labdhe vilambo na kārya ityāha - yadṛcchayeti ||

3.32

yadṛcchayā kenāpi bhāgyenārthitaprāptaṃ sakāmānām apāvṛtaṃ nirāvaraṇaṃ svargadvāraṃ niṣkāmasya mokṣopayuktam| sukhinaḥ bhāgyavantaḥ kṣatriyā īdṛśaṃ yuddhaṃ labhante |
yuddhākaraṇe doṣamāha - atheti||

3.33

prārabdhasya nityatvāt, tattyāge pāpamavāpsyasi ityarthaḥ|
evaṃ kīrtidharmayoriṣṭayoraprāptiraniṣṭasya ca prāptiḥ, yuddhaparityāge darśitā| tatra pāpākhyamaniṣṭaṃ vyavadhānena phaladam, āmuṣmikatvāt| śiṣṭanindārūpamaniṣṭaṃ tvāsannaphaladamatyasahyamityāha - akīrtimiti||

3.34

bhūtāni devarṣimanuṣyādīni| te ca avyayāṃ dīrghakālāṃ ‘na dharmātmā'yaṃ na śūro'yam’ ityevaṃrūpāṃ kathayiṣyanti anyonyakathāprasaṅge|
nanu yuddhe svamaraṇasandehāt tatparihārārthamakīrtiḥ soḍhavyā| ātmarakṣaṇasyāpekṣitatvāt| uktaṃ ca śāntiparvaṇi -
‘sāmnā dānena bhedena samastairuta vā pṛthak| vijetuṃ prayatetārīn na yuddhyeta kadācana|| anityo vijayo yasmāddṛśyate yuddhyamānayoḥ| parājayaśca saṅgrāme tasmādyuddhaṃ vivarjayet|| trayāṇāmapyupāyānāṃ pūrvoktānāmasambhave| tathā yuddhyeta sampattau vijayeta ripūnyathā||’ iti|
tatrāha - sambhāvitasyeti|| ananyalabhyaguṇasya puruṣasya akīrtirmaraṇāt adhikā bhavati|
nanu matprabhāvamajānanto māṃ nindantu| bhīṣmādayo jñātamatprabhāvāḥ karuṇayā nivṛtto yuddhāddhanyo'yamiti stoṣyantītyata āha - bhayāditi||

3.35

‘karṇādibhyo bhayāt nivṛttaḥ, natu kṛpayā’ iti tvāṃ maṃsyante bhīṣmaduryodhanādayaḥ mahārathāḥ| katham? ata āha - yeṣām eva bhīṣmādīnāṃ tvaṃ bahumataḥ ‘bahubhirguṇairyukto'yam’ ityevaṃ mataḥ, ta eva tvāṃ bhayādraṇāduparataṃ maṃsyante, ato bhūtvā ‘yuddhāduparataḥ’ iti śeṣaḥ| lāghavam anādaraviṣayatvaṃ yāsyasi| ‘sarveṣām’ iti śeṣaḥ| yeṣāmeva tvaṃ prāg bahumato'bhūḥ, teṣāmeva tādṛśo bhūtvā lāghavaṃ yāsyasīti vā|
nanu duryodhanādayo māṃ stoṣyante| yuddhānivṛttestadiṣṭatvādata āha - avācyeti||

3.36

ahitāḥ śatravo duryodhanādayaḥ tava sāmarthyaṃ nindantaḥ bahūnavācyān tvayi vaktumayogyān śabdān vadiṣyanti| tataḥ śatrunindājanyaduḥkhādadhikaṃ duḥkhaṃ kiṃ? na kimapītyarthaḥ|
yaduktaṃ ‘na caitadvidmaḥ’ ityādi, tatra pakṣadvaye'pi mahālābha ityāha - hata iti||

3.37

‘śatrūn jeṣ‍yāmi mariṣyāmi vā’ iti kṛtaniścayaḥ yuddhāyottiṣṭha |

3.38

svasambandhinī sukhaduḥkhe lābhālābhau jayājayau same mayā = lakṣmyā sahite harau kṛtvā tadadhīne jñātvā| yadvā, vaiṣayikaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca same asvābhāvikatvāt mokṣopāyaviruddhatvācca heyatvena same tulye kṛtvā jñātvā tatsādhane jayādau harṣaviṣādādirahitaḥ san yuddhāya yujyasva sannaddho bhava| ‘dehādivyatirikto jñānānandasvarūpaḥ śrīhariprerito'haṃ tatprītyarthaṃ svavihitaṃ karma kariṣye’ iti sañcintayan, avidyāsahakṛtasvāmitvasambandhena yuddhānukūlakṛtimānapi pāpaṃ tatkarmaphalārthaṃ dehādisaṃsāraṃ nāvāpsyasi kintu mukta eva bhaviṣyatītyarthaḥ|
upadiṣṭajñānopasaṃhārapūrvakaṃ jñānopāyaṃ vihitasatkarmasamādhirūpaṃ vaktuṃ pratijānīte - eṣeti||

3.39

samyak khyāyate = jñāyate yayā sā saṅkhyā buddhiḥ| tayā'vadhāraṇīyamātmatattvaṃ sāṅkhyam, tasmin sāṅkhye| tajjñānāya yā'bhidheyā sā ‘natvevāham’1 ityārabhya ‘tasmāt sarvāṇi bhūtāni’2 ityantena abhihitā| ātmayāthātmyānusandhānapūrvakaniṣkāmakarmārthaṃ cittaikāgryatvahetutvāt yujyate cittamekāgraṃ kriyate'neneti vyutpattyā yogapadenocyate| atra yoge yā vaktavyā buddhiḥ, tām imām abhidhīyamānāṃ śṛṇu| yayā buddhyā yuktaḥ karmabandhaṃ karmarūpāṃ pravāhato'nādimavidyāṃ prahāsyasi ‘madīyamidaṃ karma, ahaṃ kartā’ ityādyabhimānaśūnyatayā3 svocitasatkarmānuṣṭhānam, tato mayyacalā bhaktiḥ, tato madāparokṣyam, tato manmahāprasādaḥ, tato'vidyānivṛttipūrvakānandāvirbhāvarūpo mokṣa iti bhāvaḥ|
nanu karmakaraṇe vighnabāhulyena phalābhāvapratyavāyayoḥ prasaṅgaḥ| tatrāha - neheti||

3.40

iha niṣkāmakarmaṇi, abhikramasya = upakramasya, nāśaḥ = niṣphalatvarūpaḥ nāsti prārabdhasyāṅgavaikalyādinā vicchedaḥ pratyavāyaśca na vidyate| svalpamapyasya dharmasya anuṣṭhānaṃ mahato bhayāt saṃsārāt trāyate|
ayaṃ bhāvaḥ| brahmārpaṇapūrvakaniṣkāmasya karmaṇa abhikramyate karmaṇā''rabhyate yat phalam, tasya nāśaḥ ‘tadyatheha karmacito lokaḥ evamevāmutra puṇyacito lokaḥ kṣīyate’ ityukto na bhavati| niṣkāmakarmaphalasyāntaḥkaraṇaśuddheḥ pāpakṣayasya nāśāsambhavāt| aṅgavaiguṇyahetukaṃ vaiguṇyaṃ taddhetukaḥ pratyavāyaśca na vidyate| ‘tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasā nāśakena’4 iti śrutyā nityānāmeva vividiṣāṃ jñānaṃ coddiśya duritakṣayadvārā
vihitatvena tatra ca sarvāṅgopasaṃhāraniyamābhāvāt| kāmyānāmapi saṃyogapṛthaktvanyāyena viniyoga iti pakṣe'pi phalābhisandhirahitatvena teṣāṃ nityatulyatvāt| 'dadhnā juhoti' 'dadhnendriyakāmasya' ityādau saṃyogasya dadhno nityatvakāmyatvayorvidhāyakasya śāstrasya pṛthaktvena bhinnatvena dadhno nityatvaṃ kāmyatvaṃ ca yathā tadvaditi ha nyāyārthaḥ| nahi kāmyanityāgnihotrayośca kaścidviśeṣo'sti| phalābhisandhitadabhāvābhyāmeva tu kāmyatvanityatvavyapadeśa iti|
'tametam' iti vākyavihitānāṃ sādhanānāmekārthakatvamāha - vyavasāyeti||

3.41

he kurunandana iha śreyomārge vyavasāyātmikā ātmatattvaniścayātmikā sāṅkhyaviṣayā yogaviṣayā ca buddhirekā eva| phalasya mokṣarūpasyaikatvāt| avyavasāyināṃ sakāmānāṃ tu buddhayo'nantāḥ tatrāpi bahuśākhāḥ paśuputrasvargādiphalānāṃ bhedāt¹|
avyavasāyināmapi vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ kuto na bhavati? pramāṇasya sarvāsādhāraṇatvādityāśaṅkya pratibandhakasadbhāvānna bhavatītyāha - yāmiti tribhiḥ||

3.44

yāmimāṃ vācaṃ pravadanti, 'tayā'pahṛtacetasām vyavasāyātmikā buddhirna bhavati' ityuttareṇānvayaḥ| imām adhyayanavidhyupāttatvena prasiddhāṃ puṣpitāṃ palāśavadāpātaramaṇīyāṃ niratiśayaphalābhāvāt| kutaḥ? yato janmakarmaphalapradāṃ janmapūrvaśarīrasambandhaḥ tadadhīnaṃ ca karma tattadvarṇāśramābhimānanimittaṃ taddhetukaphalaṃ putrapaśusvargādikaṃ naśvaraṃ tānyuccanīcāni kūpāñjalāharakaghaṭīyantravadavicchedena dadātīti tathā tām| kutaḥ? ityata āha - bhogaiśvaryagatiṃ prati kriyāviśeṣabahulāṃ amṛtapānorvaśīvihārapārijātaparimalādinibandhano yo bhogaḥ, tatkāraṇaṃ ca yadaiśvaryaṃ devādisvāmitvaṃ tayorgati = prāptiṃ prati sādhanabhūtā ye kriyāviśeṣā darśapūrṇamāsādayaḥ, tairbahulām atibāhulyena bhogādiphalāya kriyākalāpapratipādikāṃ vācaṃ vadanti| avipaścitaḥ vicārajanyatātparyadhīśanyāḥ 'akṣayyaṃ ha vai cāturmāsyayājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati' ityādivede ye vādāsteṣu ratāḥ, ayameva vedārtha iti mithyāviśvāsena santuṣṭāḥ, svargādeḥ anyat mokṣādikaṃ phalaṃ nāstīti vādinaḥ| kāmātmānaḥ kāmākulitacittāḥ| svargaparāḥ svarga eva paraḥ puruṣārtha iti jñānaṃ yeṣāṃ te| tayā vedavācā apahṛtacetasām ākṛṣṭamanasāṃ bhogaiśvaryayoḥ prasaktānāṃ teṣāṃ buddhiḥ vyavasāyātmikā satī samādhau ekāgratāyāṃ na vidhīyate |
pratijñātāṃ yoge buddhimāha āṣaṣṭasamāpteḥ|
nanu paramāpto'tikāruṇiko vedaḥ svabhāvodeva viṣayabhogalampaṭaṃ jīvaṃ sakāme'tyantaduḥkhapracurasaṃsṛtide karmaṇi kathaṃ pravartayati? kathaṃ vā vaidiko vedoktaṃ karma parityajet ? ityata āha - traiguṇyetita ||

3.45

trayo guṇāḥ sattvādayaḥ teṣāṃ sambandhi svargādi, tadeva viṣaya āpātataḥ pratipādyaṃ phalaṃ yeṣāṃ te traiguṇyaviṣayāḥ, vedāḥ sattvādhikāryasvargādipratipādakāḥ tvaṃ tu nistraiguṇyaḥ traiguṇyāt viṣayāt svargādernirgato bhava| mukhyatātparyeṇa svargādiparatvaṃ vedasya mā viddhītyarthaḥ| 'sarve vedā yatpadamāmananti'¹ti śruteḥ| 'vedaiśca
sarvairahameva vedyaḥ’1 itīhāpi vakṣyamāṇatvena mukhyavedārthastriguṇarahito'hameva| tatparo bhava|
vedādbahirmukhānāṃ phalaśrutyā karmaṇi rucimutpādya, paścādanityatvādibodhanena tyājayitvā pūrṇasaccidānandaghanaśrīhariprītisādhananiṣkāmakarmapratipādanadvārā mokṣaṃ prāpayati yataḥ, atastvamapyāpātārthaṃ tyaktvā mukhyārthaparo bhava| yathā bālānārtihāryauṣadhaṃ pāyayituṃ guḍādikaṃ pradarśayati viśvāsāya dadāti ca, natu guḍabhakṣaṇe tātparyam, tathā bahirmukhān prathamaṃ niṣkāmakarmaṇi pravartayitumayogyāṃstu mokṣamārgānnivartayitum 2 karmāṇyiāha vedaḥ| tātparyaṃ mokṣe tatra3
nityasattvasthaḥ nitye viśuddhasatve śrīharau sthito bhava manasā tanniṣṭho bhavetyarthaḥ| aprāptalābho yogaḥ| prāptaparirakṣaṇaṃ kṣemaḥ| tābhyāṃ rahita iti nirvāhātiriktaprayatnaṃ mā kārṣīrityarthaḥ| ātmavān svāmī paramātmā, sa me'stīti jñānavān 5|
nanu śrutyuktānekasvargādiphalaṃ vihāya kathaṃ karma kāryam ? nahi prayojanaṃ vinā mando'pi pravartate| naca madārādhanādeva tat sarvaṃ phalaṃ syāditi vācyam| tvadārādhanānmuktireva syāt, natu putrādiprāptirityāśaṅkya sarvaphalānāṃ madārādhanalabdhaphalāntarbhūtatvādityāha - yāvāniti||

3.46

yathā udapāne kūpādau yāvānarthaḥ prayojanaṃ jalapānādikaṃ tāvān viṣayakaśca sarvataḥ sarvasmin pūrṇe samplutodake hṛdādau bhavati, tathā sarveṣu vedeṣu kāmyakarmaṇo
yat phalamuktaṃ tāvat phalaṃ vijānataḥ parokṣajñāninaḥ brāhmaṇasya parokṣajñānadvārā brahmāparokṣajñānino bhavati¹
‘tasmin prasanne kimihāstyalabhyaṃ dharmārthakāmairalamalpakāste| samāśritāt brahmataroranantānniśreyasaṃ pakvaphalaṃ prayāta||’ iti vaiṣṇavokteḥ |
ayaṃ bhāvaḥ| putrādīnāṃ na svataḥ puruṣārthatvam| kintu tajjanyasukhameva puruṣārtham| tacca vaiṣayikaṃ sātiśayaṃ naśvaraṃ duḥkhasambhinnaṃ ca| bhagavadārādhanenāvirbhūtaṃ svarūpānandaniratiśayanityaduḥkhāsambhinnaṃ sukhaṃ yāvadbhogavaiṣayikānandebhyaḥ samūhīkṛtebhyo'pi koṭiguṇitam, atastacchrutvā kṣudrakāmān vihāyānandārthī kathaṃ na pravarteta? iti|
nanu niṣkāmakarmaṇā''tmajñānaṃ sampādya paramānandaprāptyai kriyate cet, prathamata ātmajñānameva sampādyatām| kiṃ bahvāyāsaiḥ karmabhirbahiraṅgasādhanaiḥ pratyuta cittavikṣepakaiḥ? ityata āha - karmaṇīti||

3.47

te iti jñānimātropalakṣaṇam| jñānino'pi tava karmaṇyevādhikāraḥ na phaleṣu phalakāmeṣu| mokṣapratibandhakatvāt| ajñāninaḥ kāmeṣvadhikāro nāstīti kimu vācyam ?² brahmāparokṣajñāne kāmānāṃ pratibandhakatvāt|
nanu mayedaṃ bhoktavyamiti buddhyābhāve'pi karma svasāmarthyādeva phalaṃ janayiṣyatīti cet, netyāha - karmaphalaheturbhūḥ phalakāmanayā hi karma kurvan phalasya hetuḥ = utpādako bhavati| tvaṃ tu niṣkāmaḥ san karmaphalaheturmā bhūḥ| nahi
niṣkāmeṇa bhagavadarpaṇabuddhyā kṛtaṃ madārādhanarūpaṃ karma matprītyatiriktaphalāya kalpate| nanu yadi phalaṃ neṣyate, tarhi kiṃ karmaṇā duḥkharūpeṇa ? iti| tatrāha - mā te saṅgo'stvakarmaṇi karmaṇo matprasādarūpamahāphalahetutvena niṣphalatvābhāvāt|
pūrvoktameva vivṛṇoti - yogastha iti||

3.48

he dhanañjaya yogasthaḥ san saṅgaṃ phalābhilāṣaṃ kartṛtvābhimānaṃ ca tyaktvā karmāṇi kuru| saṅgatyāgopāyamāha - siddhyasiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā phalasiddhau harṣaṃ phalāsiddhau ca viṣādaṃ tyaktvā kevalamadārādhanabuddhyā karmāṇi kurvityarthaḥ|
nanu yogaśabdena prāk karmoktam| atra tu yogasthaḥ karmāṇi kuru ityucyate| tat kathametat boddhuṃ śakyam ? ata āha - samatvaṃ yoga ucyate yadetat siddhyasiddhyoḥ samatvam, idameva yogasthaḥ ityatra yogaśabdenocyate, natu karmeti na ko'pi virodha ityarthaḥ| sukhaduḥkhe same kṛtvā ityatra jayājayasāmyena yuddhamātrakartavyatā prakṛtatvāduktā| iha tu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭasarvaphalaparityāgena sarvakarmakartavyateti viśeṣaḥ|
yāvānarthaḥ ityatra karmaphalasya jñānāpekṣayā'lpatvādyogaṃ kurvityuktam| tatra hetvantaramāha - dūreṇeti||

3.49

paramātmaviṣayabuddhiyogāt karmāvaram adhamaṃ hi yataḥ, tato buddhau paramātmabuddhau śaraṇaṃ pāpakṣayadvārā tadutpādakamutpannāyā rakṣakaṃ madārādhanarūpaniṣkāmakarmayogam anviccha kartumiccha| ye tu phalahetavaḥ phalakāmā avaraṃ karma kurvanti
te kṛpaṇāḥ atyantadīnāḥ| sarvadā janmamaraṇādighaṭīyantrabhramaṇena paravaśāḥ ‘yo vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgyaviditvā'smāllokātpraiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ’ iti śruteḥ| yathā hi kṛpaṇā atiduḥkhena dhanamarjayanto yatkiñcit dṛṣṭasukhamātralobhena dānādijanitamahatsukhamanubhavituṃ na śaknuvantītyātmānameva vañcayanti, tathā mahatā duḥkhena karmāṇi kurvāṇāḥ kṣudraphalamātralobhena paramānandānubhavena vañcitā ityaho mauḍhyaṃ teṣāmiti kṛpaṇapadena dhvanitam|
evaṃ buddhiyogābhāve doṣamuktvā tatsattve guṇamāha - buddhīti||

3.50

iha karmasu buddhiyuktaḥ samatvabuddhyā yukto jahāti tyajati ubhe sukṛtaduṣkṛte puṇyapāpe sattvaśuddhijñānaprāptidvāreṇa| yasmādevaṃ tasmāt tvaṃ buddhiyogāya yujyasva udyukto bhava| yasmādīdṛśaḥ samatvayogo bhagavadarpitacetasastadārādhakasya niṣkāmakarmasu pravartamānasya kauśalaṃ yadvandhahetūnāmapi karmaṇāṃ bandhanivṛttipūrvakaparamānandāvirbhāvarūpamokṣaparyavasāyitvaṃ tanmahat kauśalam|
ayaṃ bhāvaḥ| ‘tadadhigama uttarapūrvāghayoraśleṣavināśau tadvyapadeśāt’1 iti sūtreṇa ‘tadyathā puṣkarapalāśe āpo na śliṣyante’ ‘tadyathaiṣīkā tūlamagnau protaṃ pradūyeta’ ‘kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi tasmin dṛṣṭe parāvare’ iti śrutyā ca karmarūpāvidyāyā bhagavajjñānena nāśo bodhyate| tatra puṇyaṃ svargādiphaladaṃ naśyati| natu bhagavadārādhanarūpaṃ niṣkāmakarmajanyaṃ jñānādiphalam2 duṣkṛtasya sarvasyaiva nāśo'niṣṭatvāt3 tatra dehāntarārambhakayoreva nāśaḥ| ārabdhayostu bhogādeva nāśaḥ| ‘nābhuktaṃ kṣīyate karma kalpakoṭiśatairapi’ iti śruteḥ prārabdhābhiprāyatvāditi|
duṣkṛtamātrasyālpaphalakasukṛtasya ca tyāgāt mahāphalaprāptirbhavatītyāha - karmajamiti||

3.51

samatvabuddhiyuktā karmajaṃ phalaṃ svargādikaṃ tyaktvā svargādikāmanāṃ ca vihāya vihitaṃ karma kṛtvā parameśvarāya samarpya buddhiyuktāḥ śāstrajanyaparokṣajñānino bhūtvā tadvārā manīṣiṇaḥ aparokṣajñānino bhūtvā, janmādirūpasambandhāt saṃsārādatitarāṃ nirmuktāḥ santaḥ anāmayaṃ padaṃ śrīvaikuṇṭhākhyaṃ śrīkṛṣṇapuruṣottamakelinityasthānaṃ saccidrūpamabhivyaktapūrṇānandasvarūpaṃ vā śrīhariṃ lokaviśeṣe vigrahaviśeṣeṇa sthitaṃ tatrasthamapyanāmayamanaśvaram| gacchanti iti bahuvacanena muktau bhedaḥ, gacchatinā lokaviśeṣaṃ prati gamanaṃ ceti siddham|
nūktayogo na sākṣājjñānahetuḥ| kintu śravaṇādikameva| ‘ātmā vā're draṣṭavyaḥ, śrotavyo mantavyo nididhyāsitavyaḥ’ iti śruteḥ| athā'pyadṛṣṭadvārā satvaśuddhimutpādya śravaṇādīnyupakaroti, tadā kiyatkālamanuṣṭheyam ? ata āha - yadeti||

3.52

yadā te buddhiḥ antaḥkaraṇaṃ mohakalilam dehagehādau ‘aham’ ‘mama’ ityanyathājñānarūpaṃ doṣaṃ matprasādāt vyatitariṣyati tyakṣyati, tadā mahadbhyaḥ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca vedādeḥ nirvedam nitarāṃ lābhaṃ1 gantāsi prāpsyasītyarthaḥ|

3.53

tadaiva te tava buddhiḥ śrutibhiḥ nānāphalaśravaṇairavicāritatātparyaiḥ vipratipannā anekaviparyayavatvena vikṣiptā prāksthitā, yadā madārādhanarūpakarmayogena śuddhā
satī, vikṣepaṃ parityajya, samādhau sadanantaguṇālaye mayi¹ niścalā jāgratsvapnadarśanalakṣaṇavikṣeparahitā acalā suṣuptimūrchāstabdhībhāvādirūpacalanarahitā satī sthāsyati layavikṣepadoṣau vihāya samāhitā bhaviṣyatīti yāvat|
yadvā, niścalā sambhāvanāviparītabhāvanārahitā acalā dīrghakālādaranairantaryāsatkārasevanaiḥ vijātīyapratyayādūṣitā satī, nirvātapradīpavadanantaguṇālaye mayi sthāsyati iti yojanā² tadā yogaṃ pūrṇānandatvanirmuktatvādinā matsāmyarūpam³
‘yadā paśyaḥ paśyate rukmavarṇaṃ kartāramīśaṃ (puruṣaṃ brahmayonim)| tadā vidvān puṇyapāpe vidhūya nirañjanaḥ paramaṃ sāmyamupaiti||’
iti śrutyuktam avāpsyasi ityarthaḥ|
⁴yānyeva jīvanmuktānāṃ lakṣaṇāni tānyeva mumukṣūṇāṃ mokṣopāyabhūtānīti manvāno'rjunaḥ sthitaprajñasya lakṣaṇaṃ pṛcchati -

3.54

jñātatatvasyāpyarjunasya narāvatārasyāpi lokopakārāya praśnaḥ⁵ sthitā = niścalā'nantasadguṇālaye bhagavati prajñā yasya⁶ saḥ sthitaprajñaḥ, avasthādvayavān samādhisthaḥ vyutthitacittaśceti| tasya kā bhāṣā| karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī| bhāṣyate'nayeti bhāṣā lakṣaṇam| samādhisthaḥ sthitaprajñaḥ kairlakṣaṇairvyavahriyata ityarthaḥ| sa ca vyutthitacittaḥ sthitadhīḥ svayaṃ kiṃ prabhāṣeta stutinindādāvabhivandanadveṣādilakṣaṇaṃ kiṃ
kathaṃ prabhāṣeta| sarvatra sambhāvanāyāṃ liṅ| tathā kimāsīta vyutthitacittanigrahāya kathaṃ bahirindriyāṇāṃ nigrahaṃ karotīti| tannigrahābhāvakāle ca kiṃ vrajeta kathaṃ viṣayān prāpnoti| tatkartṛkabhāṣaṇāsanavrajanāni mūḍhajanavilakṣaṇāni kīdṛśānītyarthaḥ| samādhisthe ekaḥ, vyutthite trayaḥ, iti catvāraḥ praśnāḥ| keśava iti sambodhayan sarvāntaryāmitayā sarvadā'pracyutasarvajñānavattvādinā tvamevaitādṛśaṃ vaktuṃ samartho'sīti sūcayati|

3.55

kāmān kāmādīn manogatān avidyāsahakṛtasvāmitvādisambandhena jīve vartamān pramāṇaviparyayavikalpanidrāsmṛtibhedena tantrāntare pañcadhoktān prakarṣeṇa niḥśeṣatayā jahāti| hāne hetuḥ manogatān| yatraiva manasi kāmādaya utpadyante, tatraiva brahmākārā kāmādivirodhinī vṛttirutpanneti bhavati teṣāṃ nāśaḥ| jñānasya kāmādināśakatvaṃ tu 'raso'pyasya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate'1 iti samprati vakṣyati2 nanu sthitaprajñasya mukhaprasādaliṅgagamyaḥ santoṣaviśeṣaḥ pratīyate| sa sarvakarmatyāge kathaṃ syāt ? iti, tatrāha - ātmanyeva paramānandasvarūpe'nantaguṇanilaye mayi matprasādāvirbhūtaparamānandasvarūpe vā ātmanā manasā santuṣṭaḥ 'ito'nyo lābho nāsti' iti matvā'traivātitṛptaḥ3
'yadā sarve pramucyante kāmā ye'sya hṛdi sthitāḥ| atha martyo'mṛto bhavatyatra brahma samaśnute||' iti śruteḥ|
tathā ca sa evaṃvidhalakṣaṇavāciśabdaiḥ bhāṣyata iti prathamapraśnottaram|
kiṃ prabhāṣeta ityasyottaramāha - duḥkheṣviti dvābhyām||

3.56

duḥkheṣu jvararogādiṣvādhyātmikeṣu, vyāghrādihetukādhibhautikeṣu, ativṛṣṭyādihetukādhidaiveṣu prārabdhakarmaprāpiteṣu nodvignaṃ tatparihārākṣamatayā na vyākulaṃ mano yasya saḥ| avivekino hi duḥkhaprāptau 'dhiṅmāṃ ko me duḥkhamīdṛśaṃ nirākuryāt' ityanutāpātmakaḥ tāmasaścittavṛttiviśeṣa udvego jāyate| tathā sukheṣu satvaguṇahetukacittavṛttiviśeṣeṣu trividheṣu prārabdhapuṇyaprāpiteṣu vigataspṛhaḥ āgāmitajjātīyasukhaspṛhārahitaḥ| sukhānubhavakāle tajjātīyasukhasya¹ dharmamananuṣṭhāya vṛthaiva tadākāṅkṣārūpā tāmasī cittavṛttiḥ bhrāntirūpā spṛhā| nahi kāraṇaṃ vinā kāryotpattiḥ| sā cāvivekina eva| rāgaḥ viṣayeṣu rañnātmakaścittavṛttiviśeṣaḥ sukhotpattāvabhiniveśarūpaḥ| āgāmyaniṣṭajñānajanyaṃ duḥkhaṃ bhayam| evaṃ rāgaviṣayavināśake samupasthite tannivāraṇasāmarthyamātmano manyamānasyābhijvalanātmakaścittavṛttiviśeṣaḥ krodhaḥ| te sarve vigatā yasmāt saḥ| etādṛśo muniḥ sthitadhīrupyate|
tasya jīvanmuktasya kṣetre citte prārabdhakarmavaśāt kadācidrāgādikamutpannamapi avidyāsahakṛtasvāmitvādisambandhena jīve prāgiva na pravartante| tatsambandhaghaṭikāyā dehādau 'aham' 'mama' ityabhimānahetoravidyāyā matprasādānnāśāt paragṛhaṃ prāptaḥ tatkṣitimivodāsīnaḥ paraṃ paśyan svānubhavaprakaṭanena śiṣyaśikṣārthamanudveganispṛhatvādivacaḥ prabhāṣate| evaṃ cānyo'pi mumukṣuḥ duḥkhe nodvijet sukhe na prahṛṣyet rāgabhayakrodharahitaśca bhavediti bhāvaḥ|

3.57

sarveṣu dehajīvanādiṣvapi yo'nabhisnehaḥ| yasmin satyanyadīye hānivṛddhī svasminnāropyete sa tādṛśo'nyaviṣayakaḥ premāparaparyāyastāmaso vṛttiviśeṣaḥ snehaḥ tadrahito'nabhisnehaḥ paramānandarūpe sarvāntaryāmiṇi śaraṇagatārtiharaṇadakṣe
cintanamātreṇa svasārūpyadāyini mayi sarvathā'bhisnehavān bhavet‌^1 prārabdhakarmaprāpitaṃ śubhaṃ sukhahetuṃ viṣayaṃ prāpya nābhinandati| aśubhaṃ duḥkhahetuṃ prāpya na dveṣṭi| antarasūyāpūrvaṃ na nindati| evaṃ vicālakābhāvāt tasya anabhisnehasya harṣaviṣādaśūnyasya muneḥ prajñā paramātmatattvaviṣayakā pratiṣṭhitā phalaparyavasāyinī| evaṃ mumukṣurapyetādṛśasnehādirahito bhavediti bhāvaḥ| atra praśaṃsārūpā vāco na bhāṣata iti vyatireka uktaḥ| pūrvāpekṣayā padyadvayenārvācīnā vyutthānāvasthoktā|
kimāsīta ityasyottaraṃ ṣaḍbhirvaktuṃ tatra prārabdhakarmavaśādvyutthānena vikṣiptānīndriyāṇi punaranāyāsenopasaṃhṛtya samādhyarthameva sthitaprajñasyopaveśanamiti darśayitumāha -

3.58

ayam vyutthitaḥ sarvaśaḥ sarvāṇi indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ| caḥ punararthe| yadā saṃharate punarupasaṃharati| tatra dṛṣṭāntaḥ kūrmo'ṅgānīva| tadā tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā iti |
nanu mūḍhasyāpi rogādinā viṣayebhya indriyopasaṃharaṇaṃ sambhavatītyata āha - viṣayā iti||

3.59

nirāhārasya dehābhimānavato mūḍhasyāpi rogiṇaḥ śabdādayo nivartante| kintu rasavarjaṃ raso rāgo na nivartate| asya tu sthitaprajñasya paraṃ paramātmānaṃ sākṣātkṛtya raso'pi kṣudrasukharāgo'pi nivartate| yasmānniratiśayasaundaryābdheraparokṣadarśanaṃ vinā na sarāgaviṣayocchedaḥ tasmāt sarāgaviṣayocchedakasyoktadarśanasthitaprajñārūpasya sthairyaṃ mahatā yatnena sampādayediti bhāvaḥ |
tatra prajñāsthairye bāhyāntarindriyanigraho'sādhāraṇaṃ hetuḥ| tadubhayābhāve prajñādarśanāditi tannigraha āvaśyakaḥ| tatra sadanantaguṇālayamantaryāmiṇaṃ paramakāruṇikamanāśritya svayatnenaivendriyajaye vartamānasyānartho bhavatītyāha - yatata iti||

3.60

he kaunteya| yatataḥ bhūyobhūyo viṣayadoṣadarśanātmakaṃ yatnaṃ kurvato vipaścitaḥ vivekino'pi puruṣasya manaḥ kṣaṇamātraṃ nirvikāraṃ kṛtamapi indriyāṇi haranti vikāraṃ prāpayanti| nanu virodhini viveke sati kathaṃ tatprāptiḥ? tatrāha - pramāthīni pramathanaśīlāni, atibalīyastvādvivekopamardanakṣamāṇi| ataḥ prasabhaṃ balātkāreṇa paśyatyeva vipaściti svāmini viveke ca rakṣake sati vivekaprajñāpraviṣṭamapi manaḥ tataḥ pracyāvya svaviṣayāviṣṭatvena harantītyarthaḥ| hi prasiddho'yamarthaḥ| loke yathā pramāthino dasyavaḥ prasabhaṃ dhanikaṃ rakṣakaṃ cābhibhūya tayoḥ paśyatoreva dhanaṃ haranti, tathendriyāṇyapi viṣayasannidhānena mano haranti|
māmāśritya ye hīndriyajayāya yatante'nāyāsenendriyāṇi vaśīkurvantītyāha - tānīti||

3.61

tāni sarvāṇi indriyāṇi jñānakarmasādhanāni saṃyamya samyagvaśīkṛtya yuktaḥ samāhitamanāḥ san āsīta| pramāthināṃ kathaṃ vaśīkaraṇam ? tatrāha - matparaḥ aham = sarveśvaro'nantaguṇālayaḥ, paraḥ = utkṛṣṭaḥ sarvasvatayopādeyo yasya saḥ matparaḥ 1 ekāntamadbhakta ityarthaḥ| tathā coktam - 'na vāsudevabhaktānāmaśubhaṃ vidyate kvacit'2 iti| yathā hi loke balavantaṃ rājānamāśritya
dasyavo nigṛhyante ‘rājāśrito'yam’ iti jñātvā ca te svayameva tadvaśyā bhavanti, tathaiva bhagavantaṃ sarvāntaryāmiṇamāśritya tatprabhāvenaiva duṣṭānīndriyāṇi nigṛhītāni bhavanti|
indriyavaśīkāre phalamāha - vaśe hīti|| kimāsīta ityasyottaramuktam|
nanu manaso bāhyendriyapravṛttidvārā'narthahetutvaṃ nigṛhītabāhyendriyasya tūtkhātadaṃṣṭroragavanmanasyanigṛhīte'pi na kā'pi kṣatiḥ| bāhyodyogābhāvenaiva kṛtakṛtyatvāt, ato yukta āsīta iti vyarthamityāśaṅkya, nigṛhītabāhyendriyasyāpi yuktatvābhāve sarvānarthaprāptimāha - dhyāyataḥ iti dvābhyām||

3.62

nigṛhītabāhyendriyasyāpi śabdādīn viṣayān dhyāyata: manasā punaḥpunaścintayataḥ puṃsaḥ, teṣu viṣayeṣu saṅgaḥ āsaktiḥ jāyate| saṅgāt ‘mamedaṃ bhavatu’ itīcchā jāyate| kāmāt kutaścit pratihanyamānāt tatpratighātakaviṣayakakrodho jāyate|

3.63

krodhādbhavati sammohaḥ kāryākāryavivekābhāvarūpaḥ| sammohāt smṛtivibhramaḥ śāstrācāryopadiṣṭabhagavadanusandhānasya vibhraṃśo nāśaḥ| buddhināśāt praṇaśyati śrīhariprāpteḥ pracyutaḥ san saṃsāre patatītyarthaḥ|
yasmādevaṃ manaso nigrahābhāve nigṛhītabāhyendriyasyāpi paramānarthaprāptiḥ, tasmānmahatā prayatnena mano nigṛhlīyādityabhiprāyaḥ|
manasi nigṛhīte tu bāhyendriyanigrahābhāve'pi na doṣaḥ| rājñi nigṛhīte hi prajāḥ svayameva vaśībhavanti yathā, tathā manasi nigṛhīte indriyāṇi svayameva vaśībhavantīti vadan kiṃ vrajeta ityasyottaramāha - rāgetyaṣṭabhiḥ||

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Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit