續一切經音義 10
English (machine translation) 10
- Language
- English
10.1
Compiled by Śramaṇa Xilin of Chongren Monastery in Yanjing
10.2
Pronunciations for the Continued Works:
Separate Biography of the Dharma-Defending Śramaṇa Falin, three fascicles
Continuation of the Kaiyuan shijiao lu, three fascicles
10.3
The above two collections, comprising six fascicles, are glossed in this fascicle.
10.4
Separate Biography of Master Falin, Upper Fascicle (including characters in the preface)
10.5
Proclamations and oaths (誥誓: the upper character has the fanqie 古到; 誥 means to announce; the Zhoushu says that when King Cheng was about to depose Yin, he made the Great Proclamation; Kong's commentary says it means setting forth the Great Way to proclaim it to the various states under Heaven; the lower character has the fanqie 時制; the Shuowen jiezi says it means an agreement; in the Zhoushu, when King Wu attacked Yin, he made the Great Oath; Kong's commentary says he held a great assembly to take an oath with the multitude; the Erya says proclamations and oaths mean caution; Guo Pu's commentary says both are means to bind and caution the multitude).
10.6
Canons and counsels (典謨: the upper character has the fanqie 多殄; the Erya says standard; in the Book of Yu, when about to abdicate the throne to Yu Shun, the Canon of Yao was made; Kong's commentary says it means Yao could serve as a constant path for a hundred generations; the lower character has the fanqie 莫胡; 謨 means deliberations; in the Book of Yu, when Gaoyao failed in his counsels, Yu the Great achieved his merits, and they made the Counsels of Yu the Great and Gaoyao; Kong's commentary says the Counsels of Yu the Great concern the nine achievements, and the Counsels of Gaoyao concern the nine virtues; Yu is called Great to magnify his merit; 謨 means plans).
10.7
Ban Biao (班彪: the upper character has the fanqie 布還; a surname originating from Fufeng; the Fengsu tong says they were descendants of Dou Ban, Chief Minister of Chu; the lower character has the sound 甫休; the Shuowen jiezi says tiger stripes; examining this, Ban Biao is a person's surname and personal name).
10.8
Impassioned (慷慨: the upper character has the fanqie 苦朗; the lower character has the fanqie 苦槩; the Shuowen jiezi says 慨 means a deep sigh; the Wenzi jilüe says 慷慨 means exhaustive sincerity; both characters are derived from 心 with 康 and 既 as phonetic components).
10.9
Mind and inner thoughts (襟腑: the upper character has the fanqie 居音; the Qieyun says the lapel of a garment; the character dictionaries say the sleeves of robes and jackets; the Erya says the back of a garment is called jin, which is the crossing collar; the lower character has the fanqie 方矩; the Qieyun says lungs and entrails; Wang Shuhe's Maijing says that the heart is like an unopened lotus flower, combining with the large and small intestines to form the fu viscera; also written as 府).
10.10
Chest and bosom (胷臆: the upper character has the fanqie 許容; the Shuowen jiezi says chest and breast; the lower character has the fanqie 於力; the Qieyun says chest and breast; 臆 also means the breast; also written as 𩪣, meaning the breastbone; also written as 匈).
10.11
To unstring or relax (將㢮: 㢮 has the fanqie 詩紙; the Qieyun says to release; the Erya says 㢮 means to change; the Yupian says it means to untie; Gu Yewang says to depart from, unstringing a bow; also written as 號; the Erya writes it as 㢮).
10.12
Compiling Nāgārjuna (纂龍樹: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] zuo + guan; the Qieyun says it means "to assemble"; the Erya says: "Zuan means to succeed," meaning to inherit and continue; the Shuowen says it is formed from the radical silk [糸] with suan as phonetic; the following two characters, "Longshu" [Nāgārjuna], are the name of a bodhisattva from the Western Regions who composed treatises; suan is pronounced with the fanqie su + guan).
10.13
Venerable Zong (悰上人: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] zang + zong; the Qieyun says it means "to deliberate"; the Shuowen says it means "joy," formed from heart [心] with zong as phonetic; this refers to the name of Dharma Master Yanzong of the Great Tang).
10.14
Gather and collect (捃摭: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] jun + yun; the Fangyan says that jun means "to take"; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] zhi + shi; the Shuowen says it means "to pick up"; the Kaosheng says it means "to collect and take," formed from hand [手] with the abbreviated form of zhi [摭]; the second character is also written as tuo [拓], formed from hand [手] with shi [石] as phonetic).
10.15
Didao (狄道: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] tu + li; examining Didao, it is a place name in Longxi; the Tangshu says that the Gaozu Shenyao Emperor had the surname Li and was a native of Didao in Longxi; some editions have the character qiu [秋], which is a gross error).
10.16
Relocating and dwelling (徙寓: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] si + shi; the Shuowen says it means "to move"; the Qieyun says it means "to relocate"; the Erya says: "To shift, transport, and move [徙]"; Guo's commentary says: "At present in Jiangdong, people generally say qianxi [遷徙, 'relocate and move']"; the Shuowen says it is formed from the step radical [彳] and two zhi [止], representing half-walking; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] niu + ju; the Yupian says it means "to lodge," formed from roof [宀] with yu as phonetic; yu has the same pronunciation as above).
10.17
Withdrawing the hairpin (抽簪: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] chi + jiu; the Qieyun says it means "to remove"; the Kaosheng says it means "to eliminate," and also "to pull out"; the Shuowen says it is formed from hand [手] with you as phonetic; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] ce + cen; the Kaosheng says it means an ornament of hairpins on an official's cap; the Shuowen says it is formed from bamboo [竹] with can as phonetic; can is pronounced qian, and also with the fanqie cai + gan).
10.18
Exhausting the jade lectures (殫玉講: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] dang + an; Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says that dan means "to exhaust"; the Shuowen gives the same gloss, formed from evil/bare-bone [歺] with dan as phonetic; examining the original biography, it says: "fathoming the golden words and exhausting the jade tablets [玉牒]"; some write it with the character die [牒, tablet]; in the Poxie lun, Venerable Lin's memorial agrees with this and also writes the character die [牒], which means white birch-bark and Sanskrit pothi sūtras and treatises; now this separate biography writes "jade lectures" [玉講], whose meaning is not yet clear).
10.19
Concealed and retired (隱遁: the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] tun + nen; Wang's commentary on the Chuci says it means "submerged and concealed"; Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "To flee and hide"; the Guangya says it means "to shun the world"; it is also written with the motion radical [辵] and tun [豚] as dun [遯]; tun is pronounced with the fanqie tu + hun).
10.20
Clanging and booming (鏗鍠: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] ke + xing; the Liji says: "Zixia said: 'The sound of bells is keng-keng,'" which is this; it also means the sound of striking; the second character has the sound hong; the Mao commentary to the Shijing says: "The bells and drums are booming [鍠鍠]"; the Erya says: "Huanghuang [鍠鍠] denotes music"; the Shuowen says it is the sound of bells and drums, formed from metal [金] with huang as phonetic; the transmitted text has hong [鍧], pronounced with the fanqie hu + hong, meaning the mingled sound of bells and drums).
10.21
Broken cord (隤紐: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] tu + lei; the Guangya says that tui means "to ruin"; the Han text of the Shijing says it means "to leave behind"; the Kaosheng says it means an object falling downward; the Shuowen says it is formed from mound [阜] with gui as phonetic; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] nü + jiu; the Shuowen says it means silk, a knot that can be untied, formed from silk [系] with chou as phonetic).
10.22
Enfolding and storing (韜韞: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] tu + dao; the Shuowen says it means "to conceal"; the Qieyun says it means "broad"; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] yu + fen; the Qieyun says: "Yun means to store"; the Lunyu says: "To place it in a case and store it"; the Shuowen says it is formed from tanned leather [韋], with yao and wen both serving as phonetic; wei is pronounced with the fanqie wei + wei; the Shuowen says that wei means soft leather).
10.23
Returning to oversee (還莅: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] hu + guan; the Qieyun says it means "to withdraw" and "to return"; the Yupian is the same; the Erya says it means "to return"; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] li + zhi; the Qieyun says it means "to approach"; the Erya says: "To approach and oversee [莅] means to inspect"; it is also written in the two forms 涖 and 蒞, which are both the same).
10.24
Admonitions and regulations (箴規: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] zhi + lin; the Qieyun says that zhen means "to admonish"; the Kaosheng says it means "to remonstrate"; it is formed from bamboo [竹] with xian as phonetic; it is also written as zhen [葴], the name of a plant; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] ju + hui; the Yupian says it means "to plan"; the Kaosheng says it means "to look"; the character is formed from husband [夫] and see [見]; the Zhitong says: "A grand master's insights must conform to compasses and squares, hence it is formed from fu [夫]"; those who write it as 規 are mistaken).
10.25
Wriggling and teeming (蠢蠢: pronounced with the fanqie chi + yun; the Qieyun says it means "to emerge"; the Erya says: "Chun means to act"; it also says: "Chun means insubordinate"; the Shuowen says: "Insects moving"; it is formed from insects [䖵] with chun as phonetic; kun is pronounced kun, a general name for insects).
10.26
Dragon robe (衮龍: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] gu + ben; the "Yuzao" chapter of the Liji says: "The Son of Heaven wears the dragon robe [龍𬡄] to sacrifice"; Zheng's commentary says: "Among the garments of ancient kings, mixed variegation is called zao; the gun robe has dragons painted on the garments"; the Liji sometimes borrows the character juan [卷] to be read as gun [𬡄]).
10.27
Bald man (禿丁: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] ta + gu; the Shuowen says it means "without hair," formed from person [人] under grain [禾]; the Wenzi yinyi says: "When Cangjie went out, he saw a bald person crouched beneath grain, and accordingly created this character").
10.28
Three Primes (三元: the Shiji says: "The five pneumas circulate universally, and the bodies of the two numina divide; because yang surges forth, its pneuma rises to become heaven; because yin congeals, its pneuma sinks to become earth; heaven and earth differ in form and are called the Two Modes; adding man to participate with them, the Three Primes are complete").
10.29
Five Phases (五運: the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] wang + wen; the Erya says: "To shift, transport, and move [徙]"; the Shiji says: "Fuxi ruled by the virtue of Wood, or is called the Spring Sovereign; Shennong ruled by the virtue of Fire, because Wood generates Fire; the Yellow Emperor ruled by the virtue of Earth, because Fire generates Earth; Shaohao ruled by the virtue of Metal, because Earth generates Metal; Zhuanxu ruled by the virtue of Water, because Metal generates Water; with the mutual generation of the Five Elements—Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water—they end and begin anew, which is called the Five Phases; furthermore, the Zhou ruled by the virtue of Wood, the Han ruled by the virtue of Fire, and the Qin was not a legitimate phase, its rule being between Wood and Fire").
10.30
Xun and Hua (勛華: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] xun + yun; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] hua + gua; these are the names of the two emperors Yao and Shun; Yao was called Fangxun; Shun was called Chonghua; the "Book of Yu" says: "Fangxun was reverent and enlightened"; Kong's commentary says: "He emulated [fang] the meritorious transformations of earlier ages and was reverent and enlightened"; the "Canon of Shun" says: "Chonghua conformed to the Emperor"; Kong's commentary says: "Hua denotes civil virtue; it means that his radiant culture matched that of Yao in double measure, both being sagely and enlightened").
10.31
Following in close succession (接踵: the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] zhi + long; the Qieyun says it means the back of the foot; the Kaosheng says it means "to continue," and also "to stop"; the Yili says: "Lifting the front and dragging the heels"; it is also written as chong [㣫]; the Shuowen says it means walking by treading upon one another, that is, following in former footsteps).
10.32
Deprived of succession (褫運: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] chi + er; the Cangjie pian says that chi means "to withdraw"; the Shuowen says it means "to snatch away"; the Yijing says: "Receiving robes of state through litigation, he is stripped of them thrice in a single morning"; it is formed from clothing [衣] with si as phonetic; the sound is ge).
10.33
Playful banter (戲譚: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] xiang + yi; the Qieyun says it means "to make fun of"; the Erya says that xi means "to joke"; Guo's commentary says it means teasing; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] tu + han; the Qieyun says it means "to boast" and "great"; it is also written as tan [談], pronounced with the fanqie tu + gan; the Guangyun says it means conversation and teasing, slightly different from tan [譚]).
10.34
Repeated thunder (荐雷: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] qian + jian; the Erya says that jian means "again"; the Zhouyi says: "Repeated thunder; Zhen"; Wang Bi's commentary says: "Jian means repeated"; the Zhouyi also writes it as jian [洊]; the Shuowen writes it as jian [瀳]; although the three forms differ, their gloss and meaning are one).
10.35
Burrows of hibernating creatures (蟄戶: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] zhi + li; the Shuowen says it means "to hide"; another explanation says it is the sound of insects and crawling creatures; the "Yueling" chapter of the Liji says: "On the day of the Awakening of Insects, peach trees begin to bloom"; the Shuowen says it is formed from bug [虫] with zhi as phonogram).
10.36
Indignant and resentful (憤懣: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] fen + wen; the Lunyu says: "If one is not indignant, I do not enlighten him"; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] men + ben; Wang Yi's commentary to the Chuci says that men also means indignant; the Cangjie pian says it means "stifled"; the Shuowen says it means "troubled," formed from heart [心] with man as phonetic; in ancient script it is also written as [惹-右+兩]).
10.37
Grieving (惄焉: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] ning + li; the Mao commentary to the Shijing says that ni means "sorrow"; the Erya says: "Thinking [念] and grieving [惄] mean longing"; the Shuowen says it means "anxiety," formed from heart [心] with shu as phonetic; the standard form of shu is the character [?*十]).
10.38
Defiled and murky (磣黷: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] chu + jin; the second character has the sound du; Lu Ji's "Eulogy on the Meritorious Officials of the Han Founder" says: "The boundless universe was gritted above and defiled below; waves rocked the four seas, and dust flew over the five containers"; now this biography says: "The two truths were defiled and gritted, the four seas boiled over, waves rocked, and dust flew," the meaning being identical to that; furthermore, in the Poxie lun, Venerable Lin's memorial also writes the two characters chendu [磣黷]; now the separate biography writes the two characters candu [黲毒], which are both mistaken).
10.39
Plain ablaze (原燎: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] niu + yuan; the Erya says: "A wide and level expanse is called a plain [原]"; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] li + zhao; the Shangshu says: "Like a fire blazing across the plain"; the Shuowen says it means "to set fire to," formed from fire [火] with liao as phonetic).
10.40
Beacons and smoke signals (烽燧: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] fu + rong; it is also written as 㷭; the character books say it means watch-towers' fire; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] xu + zui; the Shiming says: "At night it is called feng; by day it is called sui"; the Shuowen says both characters are formed from fire [火], with feng and sui as phonetics).
10.41
Feathered dispatch (羽檄: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] wang + ju; the Shuowen says it means bird feathers; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] hu + di; the Erya says: "A branchless [wooden tablet] is a xi"; the Shuowen says: "A military dispatch is a three-foot wooden tablet"; it is formed from wood [木] with the abbreviated form of ji [激] as phonetic; some write it with hand [手], which is incorrect).
10.42
Army cooking-pot / gong (刁斗: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] niao + liao; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] dang + kou; Meng Kang's Hanshu commentary says: "It is made of bronze and holds one dou; by day it is used for cooking food, and by night it is beaten to alert the troops, being carried along with the army"; nowadays it has been changed into the metal zheng gong; the Gujin zhengzi says that dou has a handle, both being pictographic characters).
10.43
Vast Heaven (昊天: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] hu + lao; the Erya says: "Summer is Vast Heaven [昊天]"; Guo's commentary says: "Meaning that the pneuma is bright and brilliant"; the Shuowen writes it as 昦, formed from sun [日] with gao as phonetic; gao is pronounced hao; as for the second character, heaven [天], the Shiming says: "Spoken with tongue and belly, tian [heaven] means 'manifest' [xian]; it is high and manifest above; furthermore, tian means 'level and wide' [tan]; being level, wide, lofty, and distant, the character is formed from one [一] and great [大]"; gan is pronounced with the fanqie yue + dan).
10.44
Mutually pleased (胥悅: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] xi + yu; Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says that xu means "mutually"; the Gongyang zhuan says: "What is meant by a mutual covenant [胥盟]? It means making a covenant with one another"; Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says it means "all"; the Shuowen says it is formed from flesh [肉] with ya as phonetic; the sound is shu; the transmitted text has 𦙃, which is a vulgar character and not the standard form).
10.45
Schools (庠序: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] si + yang; the Liji says: "The Youyu clan nourished the state elders in the Higher Xiang and the common elders in the Lower Xiang"; the Higher Xiang was the Great Learning and the Lower Xiang was the Minor Learning; the Shuowen says it is formed from roof [广] with the abbreviated form of xiang [詳] as phonetic; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] xu + ju; the Yupian says it means the schools of the Eastern Xu and Western Xu; the Erya says: "The eastern and western walls are called xu"; Guo's commentary says: "They serve to order and distinguish inside from outside").
10.46
Innocent (無辜: the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] gu + hu; the Erya says: "Gu means punishment, deviation, and crime"; Guo's commentary says: "All refer to penal crimes"; the Shuowen says it is formed from bitter/penal [辛] with gu as phonetic; some have it written with hand [手] as 辜, which is an erroneous variant script).
10.47
Beating the breast and stomping the feet (躃踊: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] fang + yi; the Erya says: "Pi means pressing the heart"; Guo's commentary says: "Striking the chest"; it is also written as pi [擗]; the Liji writes it as pi [辟]; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] yu + long; the Qieyun says it means limping/jumping; it is also written as yong [踊]; the Liji says: "Sighing, he beats his breast [辟]"; Zheng's commentary says: "Pi means pressing the heart"; it also says: "Beating his breast, he stomps his feet [踊]"; Zheng's commentary says: "Yongyue means leaping"; Yanzi says: "Artificial feet were expensive while shoes were cheap").
10.48
Grand Minister of State Pi (太宰𧯻: the second character is pronounced with the fanqie pi + bi; Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "Grand Minister of State [太宰] and Envoy [行人] are official titles"; the Shuowen says it is formed from drum/vessel [壴] with fou as phonetic; the transmitted text is formed from yi [壹] and pi [丕] as 𱘡, which is a vulgar character; yi is pronounced with the fanqie zhu + ju).
10.49
Slander and vilification (謗讟: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] bo + bang; Kong's commentary to the Lunyu says that bang means "to revile"; Du's commentary to the Zuozhuan says that bang means "to slander"; the Shuowen says it is formed from words [言] with pang as phonetic; the second character has the sound du; Du's commentary to the Zuozhuan says that du means slander; the Guangya says it means "evil"; Guo's commentary on the Fangyan says: "Slander, false accusation, resentment, and bitterness are called du"; the Shuowen says it is formed from words [言] with du as phonetic).
10.50
Greatly alarmed (大駭: the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] hou + kai; the Shuowen says it means "frightened"; Sun Yan says: "When Yu channeled the Nine Rivers, the work on the North River was arduous, and the multitudes feared it would not succeed, hence it was called Tuhai [Vain Alarm]"; the character is formed from horse [馬] with hai as phonetic).
10.51
Hexu (赫胥: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] hu + ge; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] xi + yu; this is the title of an ancient sovereign; the Shiji says: "Nüwa, Gonggong, Dating, Baihuang, Zhongyang, Lilu, Lilian, Hexu, Zunlu, Hundun, Haoying, Youchao, Zhuxiang, Getian, Yinkang, Wuhuai, and others; excluding Gonggong, fifteen generations all inherited the title of Fuxi"; the Luo zhen yao du says: "The eras of Fuxi and Nüwa were each sixteen thousand eight hundred years").
10.52
Secretly slandering (密譖: the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] ce + chen; the Shuowen says it means "to defame"; the character books say it means "to slander"; the Lunyu says: "Slander that soaks in gradually"; the character is formed from words [言] with can as phonetic; can is pronounced qian; the transmitted text originally has 譖, which is a vulgar character and not the standard form).
10.53
Perforating and chiseling (穿鑿: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] chang + yuan; the Qieyun says it means "to penetrate"; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] zai + ge; the Kaosheng says it means "to chisel"; the Gu kaoshi says: "Meng Zhuangzi invented the chisel"; the Shuowen says: "That with which one perforates wood"; it is formed from metal [金] with the abbreviated form of zuo [鑿-金+木] as phonetic; [鑿-金+木] is pronounced zuo).
10.54
Match and peer (倫媲: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] li + zhun; the Qieyun says it means "to compare"; the Kaosheng says it means principle, and also "category"; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] pi + bi; the Erya says that fei means pi; Guo's commentary says it means pairing as peers; the Shuowen says it means "to match," formed from woman [女] with [奐-大+比] as phonetic; [奐-大+比] is pronounced with the fanqie bi + mi; fei is pronounced pei).
10.55
Cunning and treacherous (狡猾: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] gu + qiao; the Qieyun says it means "swift"; the Shuowen says it means "wild/mad," formed from dog [犬] with jiao as phonetic; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] hu + ba; the Shangshu says: "The barbarian tribes disturbed the central realm [猾夏]"; Kong's commentary says that hua means "to disrupt"; the Shuowen says it is formed from dog [犬] with gu also serving as phonetic).
10.56
In Ju (於莒: the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] ju + xu; the Yupian says it is the name of a plant; the Shiwen says it is the name of a state, enfiefed during the Spring and Autumn period, also descendants of the Ying surname).
10.57
Rugged and sunken (壈坎: the first character is [pronounced with the fanqie] lu + gan; the second character is [pronounced with the fanqie] ku + gan; the Shuowen says it means perilous and sunken, referring to difficulty in advancing; it is formed from earth [土] with bing and qian both serving as phonetics).
10.58
腠理 (The first character has the fanqie 倉奏 [cāng + zòu]. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Yili states: '腠 [interstices] means the pattern/structure of the skin.' The Kaosheng states: 'Inside the skin.' The Gujin zhengzi explains: 'It is derived from 肉 [flesh] with 奏 as phonetic, a phonetic-ideographic character.').
10.59
搢紳 (The first character has the fanqie 津信 [jīn + xìn]. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji states: '搢 is like 插 [to insert].' The commentary on the Zhouli states: '搢 means inserting the tablet between the broad sash, like wearing a sword.' The second character has the fanqie 尖真 [jiān + zhēn]. The Kaosheng states: '紳 is a broad sash.' The Guangya states: '紳 is like 束 [to bind].' The Lunyu states: 'Zizhang wrote [these words] upon his sash.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 糸 [silk] with 申 as phonetic.').
10.60
志緝 (The second character has the fanqie 七入 [qī + rù]. The Qieyun states: '緝 means to spin/continue [績].' The Erya states: '緝熙 means bright.' The commentary quotes the Shijing: 'Learning has continued brilliance unto brightness.' As a character, it is derived from 糸 [silk], 口 [mouth], and 耳 [ear], an ideographic compound character).
10.61
汲郡 (The first character has the fanqie 金邑 [jīn + yì]. The Kaosheng states: 'Jijun is modern-day Weizhou.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 水 [water] with 及 as phonetic.').
10.62
𨶑然 (The first character has the fanqie 苦覓 [kǔ + mì]. The Zishu states: 'Silent and tranquil.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 門 [gate] with 臭 as phonetic.' 臭 has the fanqie 古覓 [gǔ + mì], meaning a dog watching; derived from 犬 [dog] and 目 [eye]).
10.63
遒華 (The first character has the fanqie 就由 [jiù + yóu]. The Mao Shijing Commentary states: '遒 means 周 [complete/pervading].' The Kaosheng states: 'Exhausted/ultimate.' The Qieyun states: 'Gathered.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 辵 [movement] with 酋 as phonetic.' 酋 has the same pronunciation as above).
10.64
郁郁 (Fanqie 於六 [yū + liù]. An entry in the Qieyun. The Lunyu states: 'How elegant and rich [郁郁乎文哉]!' Sometimes written 戫; in ancient script written 彧; all signify an ornate, patterned appearance).
10.65
悚慴 (The first character has the fanqie 粟勇 [sù + yǒng]. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan states: '悚 means fear.' In the Shuowen jiezi it is written 𢥠; now written 悚 as a popular character used interchangeably. The second character has the two fanqie 之涉 [zhī + shè] and 徒叶 [tú + xié]. The Erya states: '恐慴 means terrified.' The Qieyun states: 'Prostrate.' It shares the meaning of 懾 [intimidated]).
10.66
𰔨𧷤 (The first character has the fanqie 他頜 [tā + hé]. The Kaosheng states: 'To fathom/penetrate.' The Yunquan states: 'To pull and take.' Derived from 手 [hand] and 𥥽. 𥥽 is pronounced 深 [shēn]; 𥥽 is derived from 穴 [cave] and 求 [to seek]. In transmitted editions it is written as the popular character 探. The second character has the fanqie 柴責 [chái + zé]. The Yunying states: 'Deep and obscure.' The Gujin zhengzi states: 'Obscure and deep.' Derived from [〡*臣] with 貴 as phonetic; [〡*臣] has the fanqie 以而 [yǐ + ér]; 責 correctly written is the character 賚).
10.67
筌蹄 (The first character has the fanqie 七緣 [qī + yuán]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'A bamboo trap for catching fish; also called a fish trap [魚笱].' 笱 is pronounced 苟 [gǒu]. Derived from 竹 [bamboo] with 全 as phonetic. The second character has the fanqie 束奚 [shù + xī]. In the Shuowen jiezi it is written 蹏. The Zhuangzi states: 'A fish trap is for catching fish; once the fish is caught, one forgets the fish trap. A snare is for catching hares; once the hare is caught, one forgets the snare.').
10.68
碑誄 (The first character has the fanqie 彼皮 [bǐ + pí]. The Shiming states: 'Steles were originally erected at funerals so that ministers and sons could recount the merits of their lords and fathers, inscribing them thereon.' The second character has the fanqie 力軌 [lì + guǐ]. The Kaosheng states: '誄 means to pile up [壘], recounting the deceased and expressing sorrow.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '誄 is a posthumous praise; derived from 言 [speech] with 耒 as phonetic.' 耒 has the fanqie 盧會 [lú + huì]).
10.69
辛諝 (The first character has the fanqie 息隣 [xī + lín]; a surname. Qi of the Xia dynasty enfeoffed a cadet son at Shen [莘]; the sounds of 莘 and 辛 were close, so they adopted Xin as their clan name. The second character has the fanqie 胥旅 [xū + lǚ]. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Zhouli states: 'A designation for having talent and wisdom.' In this context, Xin Xu is the name of a Crown Prince's palace equerry [太子中舍] during the Tang dynasty).
10.70
靦容 (The first character has the fanqie 天典 [tiān + diǎn]. The Erya states: '靦 means 姡.' Guo [Pu] states: 'Having a brazen, shameless countenance.' 姡 has the fanqie 戶刮 [hù + guā]. Zheng [Xuan's] gloss on the Mao Shijing states: '姡然 means having countenance [without shame].' The Kaosheng states: 'Knowing no shame.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 面 [face] with 見 as phonetic.').
10.71
爝火 (The first character has the pronunciation of 爵 [jué]. The Zishu states: 'A torch.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Using fire to ward off baleful omens; derived from 火 [fire] with 爵 as phonetic.' The second character has the fanqie 呼果 [hū + guǒ]. The Shangshu states: 'Fire is said to flame upwards.').
10.72
寰中 (The first character has the fanqie 戶關 [hù + guān]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'The imperial domain.' The Zishu considers the four seas to be the realm [寰中]. Now the transmitted text states: 'Were it not for one who accords with that realm, who could produce such lofty discourse?' Writing it with this character 鐶 [ring] is likely not appropriate for this usage).
10.73
尺鷃 (The first character is sometimes written 赤 with the same meaning. The second character is pronounced 晏 [yàn]. The Erya states: '鳸 is the 鷃.' Guo [Pu's] commentary states: 'The quails; sometimes written 鴳.' The Kaosheng states: 'A small bird that nests in burrows in the ground; derived from 鳥 [bird] with 晏 as phonetic.' 鳸 has the pronunciation 戶 [hù]).
10.74
大鵬 (The second character is pronounced 朋 [péng]; a great bird. The Zhuangzi states: 'In the Northern Ocean there is a fish called K’un, which transforms into a bird called P’eng; its wings are like clouds hanging from the heavens, beating against the gale to ninety thousand li.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 鳥 [bird] with 朋 as phonetic.').
10.75
王謐 (Pronounced 蜜 [mì]. The Erya states: '謐 means tranquil and peaceful.' In this context, it is a personal name).
10.76
劉璆 (Fanqie 渠幽 [qú + yōu]. The Erya states: 'Among the precious things of the northwest, there are qiu, lin, lang, and gan.' Guo [Pu's] commentary states: 'Qiulin is the name of fine jade.' In this context, Liu Qiu is a person's surname and given name).
10.77
礪鉛 (The first character has the fanqie 力制 [lì + zhì]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Whetstones.' The Kaosheng states: 'A grinding stone.' Gu Yewang states: 'Mount Yanzu has many whetstones.' The second character has the fanqie 與專 [yǔ + zhuān]. The Qieyun states: 'Lead.' The Shangshu states: 'Qingzhou pays tribute of lead.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Blue metal; derived from 金 [metal] with an abbreviated 沿 as phonetic.' Note that the characters for 沿路 [along the road] and boat are all identical. Writing it as 鈆 is the popular form).
10.78
Separate Biography of Dharma Master [Hui]lin, Middle Fascicle
10.79
貽訓 (The first character has the fanqie 與之 [yǔ + zhī]. The Qieyun states: 'To bestow.' The Erya states: '貽 means to leave behind/bequeath [遺].' Guo [Pu's] commentary states: 'To bequeath to one another.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 貝 [cowrie/wealth] with 台 as phonetic.' 台 has the same pronunciation as above. The second character has the fanqie 許運 [xǔ + yùn]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'To admonish; also to guide.' The Guangyun states: 'To men it is called instruction [教]; to women it is called training [訓].' The preface to the Shangshu states: 'The texts of canons, counsels, instructions, announcements, oaths, and charges, totaling one hundred chapters, were used to propagate the supreme Way.').
10.80
流遁 (The first character has the fanqie 力求 [lì + qiú]. The Kaosheng states: 'To release/unfetter.' The Qieyun states: 'To shift.' The Ziyuan states: 'To wander/drift.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 水 [water] and 㐬.' 㐬 has the fanqie 他忽 [tā + hū], which is the ancient character 㜽 written inverted; 㜽 is pronounced 子 [zǐ]. The second character is also written 遯. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'To flee.' The Zishu states: 'To hide; derived from 辵 [movement] with 豚 as phonetic.').
10.81
本系 (The first character: the Shuowen jiezi states that 本 is written from 木 [tree] and 一, just like a tree having roots. The second character has the fanqie 胡計 [hú + jì]. The Qieyun states: 'Lineage/continuation.' The Erya states: '糸 means to succeed/continue.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 糸 [silk] with [必-心] as phonetic.' 糸 is pronounced 覓 [mì]; [必-心] is pronounced 曳 [yè], meaning to draw out or extend).
10.82
沙汰 (The first character has the fanqie 所加 [suǒ + jiā]. The Qieyun states: '沙 [sand] also means to winnow/sift [汰].' The second character is pronounced 太 [tài]. The Kaosheng states: 'To wash and sift [濤汰].' Note that 沙汰 means like washing sand in waves to pan its gold, selecting what is fine and exquisite).
10.83
推劾 (Fanqie 恒得 [héng + dé]. Gu Yewang states: 'The language of examining cases and cross-examining witnesses.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'To interrogate a guilty person; derived from 力 [power] with 亥 as phonetic.' Some write it with 刃 or 刀 as 𠜨 or 𠛳; both forms are incorrect).
10.84
縲絏 (The first character has the fanqie 累追 [lèi + zhuī]; the second has the fanqie 先拽 [xiān + yè]. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Lunyu states: '縲 is a black rope; 絏 means bound; they are that by which criminals are restrained.' The Gujin zhengzi states: 'Both are derived from 糸 [silk], with 累 and 曳 respectively as phonetics.' In popular usage it is also written with the character 紲).
10.85
檮昧 (The first character is pronounced 桃 [táo]. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan states: '檮杌 [ignorant/stubborn], meaning an appearance of having no knowledge; derived from 木 [tree] with an abbreviated 燾 as phonetic.' The second character, 昧: the Shuowen jiezi states: 'Brightening at dawn; derived from 日 [sun] with 未 as phonetic.' 杌 has the fanqie 五骨 [wǔ + gǔ]).
10.86
叨簉 (The first character has the fanqie 討刀 [tǎo + dāo]. The second character has the fanqie 搊瘦 [chōu + shòu]. Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan states: '簉 means secondary/deputy.' The Kaosheng states: 'To be placed among; to be equal with.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 草 [grass] with 造 as phonetic.' 造 has the fanqie 七到 [qī + dào]. In transmitted texts it is written with 竹 [bamboo], which is a popular form).
10.87
餔糟 (The first character has the fanqie 補乎 [bǔ + hū]. The Qieyun states: 'To eat/guzzle.' The Lisao states: 'Gorging on its dregs and drinking its thin dregs-wine.' It is also pronounced 步 [bù], which is not adopted here. The second character is pronounced 遭 [zāo]. In the Shuowen jiezi it is also written 醩, meaning the dregs of wine; derived from 酉 [wine] with 曹 as phonetic).
10.88
歠醨 (The first character has the fanqie 川劣 [chuān + liè]. The Qieyun states: 'To gulp down deeply.' [欱] is pronounced 呼合 [hū + hé]. The second character has the fanqie 呂支 [lǚ + zhī]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Thin wine; derived from 酉 [wine] with 离 as phonetic.').
10.89
菁華 (The first character has the fanqie 即盈 [jí + yíng]. The Mao Shijing states: '葑 and 菲 are turnips [蕪菁].' The Zishu states: '菁 means fine and beautiful; it also shares the meaning of 精 [essence]; derived from 草 [grass] with 青 as phonetic.').
10.90
逗遛 (The first character has the fanqie 頭候 [tóu + hòu]; the second is pronounced 留 [liú]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '逗 also means to stop; it also means to lead on.' The Zishu states: '逗遛 [to linger/delay].' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Both characters are derived from 辵 [movement] with 豆 and 留 respectively as phonetics.').
10.91
媒衒 (The first character has the fanqie 莫杯 [mò + bēi]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '媒 means betrothal.' The Zishu states: 'A matchmaker, referring to planning a union for matrimonial alliance; derived from 女 [woman] with 某 as phonetic.' The second character has the pronunciation 黃絹 [huáng + juàn]. The Kaosheng states: 'To walk about and sell.' The Shuowen jiezi correctly writes it as 𧗳, meaning to market oneself).
10.92
橘柚 (The first character has the fanqie 居聿 [jū + yù]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'The name of a fruit.' The Zhouli states: 'Crossing the Huai River to the north, they turn into trifoliate oranges; it is due to the climate of the earth.' The second character has the fanqie 余救 [yú + jiù]. The Zishu states: 'Resembling an orange but larger, with a thick peel.' The Guangzhi states: 'The pomelos of Chengdu are as large as peck measures.' Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya states: 'The pomelo resembles a bitter orange and is sour; it grows south of the Yangtze.' Both characters are derived from 木 [tree] with 矞 and 由 respectively as phonetics).
10.93
𣛼梨 (The first character has the fanqie 側加 [zè + jiā]. The Erya states: 'The 𣛼 pear: it says to bore into it.' Guo [Pu's] commentary states: 'The 𣛼 resembles a pear but is sour and astringent.' The second character has the fanqie 力脂 [lì + zhī]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'The name of a fruit.' An imperial edict of Emperor Wen of Wei states: 'The pears of Zhending are as large as a fist and as sweet as honey.').
10.94
皦然 (The first character has the fanqie 古了 [gǔ + liǎo]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Bright.' Also, the Yupian states: 'A white appearance.' The character is derived from 白 [white] with 敫 as phonetic. 敫 has the fanqie 羊酌 [yáng + zhuó], derived from 白 [white] emitting light).
10.95
負扆 (The second character has the fanqie 於豈 [yū + qǐ]. The Erya states: 'The space between the window and the door is called the 扆.' The sub-commentary to the Liji states: 'It is like a screen of coarse white silk painted with axe patterns; it is also called an axe-screen [斧扆].' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 戶 [door] with 衣 as phonetic.').
10.96
苻姚 (The first character has the fanqie 房無 [fáng + wú]; the surname of the Former Qin. The Shiji states: '[Fu] Jian was originally a native of Linwei in Luoyang; because the calamus growing in the pond of his home had anomalous signs, they took Pu [蒲] as their clan surname. Later, when grasses formed the character Fu [付] on his grandson's back, they changed it to the Fu [苻] clan.' The second character has the fanqie 餘昭 [yú + zhāo]; the surname of the Later Qin. From Yao Yizhong down to the reign of [Yao] Hong, it lasted thirty-four years until destroyed by Liu Yu).
10.97
諤諤 (Fanqie 五各 [wǔ + gè]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '𧮈諤 [outspoken/uncompromising].' The Zishu states: 'The speech of an upright minister; derived from 言 [speech] with 咢 as phonetic.' 咢 has the same pronunciation as above).
10.98
拓跋 (The first character has the fanqie 他各 [tā + gè]; the second has the fanqie 盤末 [pán + mò]; the surname of the Later Wei. The Weishu states: 'The younger son of Changyi, son of the Yellow Emperor, was enfeoffed in the northern lands and ruled through the virtue of Earth. The northern people call earth 拓 and lords 跋; hence they took Tuoba as their clan name. When it came to Emperor Xiaowen, because he read the Zhouyi and saw the Qian hexagram stating: “The primary [元] is the head of all goods,” he subsequently changed it to the Yuan [元] clan.').
10.99
劉向 (The second character has the fanqie 式亮 [shì + liàng]. The Hanshu states: 'Liu Xiang was the son of Liu De, full younger brother of Emperor Gaozu. His original given name was Gengsheng, later changed to Xiang, with the courtesy name Zizheng. During the reign of Emperor Wu, he served in the official post of Colonel of the Central Ramparts.').
10.100
闞澤 (The first character has the fanqie 苦濫 [kǔ + làn]. A person's surname and given name).
10.101
太微 (The name of a constellation. The Qiyao tianwen jing states: 'The enclosure of the Supreme Subtlety consists of ten stars north of the Wings mansion; it governs the southern palace of the Son of Heaven and is the mansion of the twelve feudal lords for the sovereign ruler. It enters nine degrees into Wings and is seventy-six degrees from the Northern Star.').
10.102
鐫石 (The first character has the fanqie 子緣 [zǐ + yuán]. The Zishu states: 'To bore/drill.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'To carve metal or stone; derived from 金 [metal] with 雋 as phonetic.' 雋 has the fanqie 徂兖 [cú + yǎn], derived from 隹 [bird] over a reclining 弓 [bow]; the character 雋 is formed from this. Some copies write 鎸, which is an erroneous writing).
10.103
扈多 (The first character has the fanqie 胡古 [hú + gǔ]. 跋扈 [overbearing] means unruly and unrestrained. In this context, Heduo is a person's given name).
10.104
[奐-大+((〡*目)/一/乂)]遠 (The first character has the fanqie 休娉 [xiū + pīng]. Liu Zhao's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan states: '敻 also means distant.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'To gaze; also deep and distant; derived from 𡕥 with a person above a cave.' 𡕥 has the fanqie 火劣 [huǒ + liè], also meaning to gaze).
10.105
Separate Biography of Dharma Master [Hui]lin, Final Fascicle
10.106
邕邕 (Sometimes written 雍 or 廱, which are roughly the same. The Erya states: '雍雍 and 優優 mean harmonious.' Guo [Pu's] commentary states: 'Harmonious and joyful.' Pronounced with the fanqie 於容 [yū + róng]. The Shuowen jiezi writes 邕, meaning harmonious).
10.107
徼妙 (The first character has the fanqie 古弔 [gǔ + diào]. The Kaosheng states: 'Outside the border.' The Yunquan states: 'A small path.' The Daodejing states: 'Ever without desire, one observes its subtleties; ever having desire, one observes its boundaries.' The imperial commentary states: 'When nature is lost to desires, one goes astray from the Way; without desire, one observes the subtle origin, and thus sees its peripheral boundaries.').
10.108
李聃 (The second character has the fanqie 他甘 [tā + gān]; the surname and personal name of Laozi. The Biographies of Han Fei in the Shiji states: 'His surname was Li, personal name Dan; he was a man of Ku County. He was born under a plum tree in the first year, an yimao year, of King Ding of Zhou. In the second year of King Jian, he served as the Keeper of the Archives, and in the thirteenth year as the Scribe under the Pillar. In the first year, a renwu year, of King Jing, at the age of eighty-five, he went west out through the San Pass; some say he was buried at Huaili.').
10.109
盪瘵 (The first character has the fanqie 徒朗 [tú + lǎng]. The Yijing states: '盪 means to wash/cleanse; also to scour away.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Derived from 皿 [vessel] with 湯 as phonetic.' 皿 has the fanqie 明丙 [míng + bǐng]. In transmitted texts it is written 蕩, which is incorrect. The second character has the fanqie 齋薤 [zhāi + xiè]. The Mao Shijing Commentary states: '瘵 means illness.' The Erya also defines it as illness; derived from 疒 [sickness] with 祭 as phonetic).
10.110
夕殞 (The first character has the fanqie 祥石 [xiáng + shí]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Evening; derived from the sun being half-visible.' The second character has the fanqie 于敏 [yú + mǐn]. The Qieyun states: '殞 means to perish; also to die; derived from the reverse of the phonetic 員.' [The phonetic] has the fanqie 五達 [wǔ + dá]).
10.111
Linjun 麟麕 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [x- + zh- > sh-] xī zhēn 反. The Gongyang zhuan says: "The qilin is a benevolent beast; when there is a sage king, it arrives at his suburbs." The Erya says: "The lin has the body of a river deer, the tail of an ox, and a single horn; the tip of the horn has flesh." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [zh- + -ūn > zh-] zhé yūn 反. The Gongyang zhuan says: "It is an elk that has a horn." The Shuowen jiezi says: "This is the large seal script character for 麕; popularly it is commonly written as 麏").
10.112
Tianli 天利 (Note: according to the Di nian li [Chronicle of Imperial Eras], Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou reigned for nineteen years: Baoding, five years; Tianhe, seven years; Jiande, six years. From the second month of the third year of Jiande, the Buddha-Dharma was universally destroyed. Now the transmitted text writes "the fifth year of Tianli", which is a scribal error; it should be the character he 和).
10.113
Taojiao 掏攪 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [d- + -āo > d-] dào dāo 反. The Picang says: "Tao 掏 means to draw out." The Gujin zhengzi states it takes the hand radical with 匋 as the phonetic, 匋 having the same sound. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [j- + -ǎo > j-] jiāo yǎo 反. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Movement of the hand." It takes the hand radical with 覺 as the phonetic).
10.114
Jiaoshi 䡈試 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [j- + -uè > j-] jiāng yuè 反. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Jiao 䡈 means to appear; it also means clear." The Erya says: "Straight." The Gujin zhengzi states: "To test superior and inferior." It takes the cart radical with 爻 as the phonetic. Transmitted texts write it as 較 with 交, which is also acceptable as a popular character).
10.115
Tengxiang 騰驤 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [t- + -éng > t-] tú dēng 反. The Kaosheng says: "To gallop; to rush vigorously." The Yupian says: "To leap." The Shuowen jiezi states it takes the horse radical with 滕 abbreviated as the phonetic. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [x- + -iáng > x-] xī liáng 反. The Zishu says: "A horse galloping and leaping." The Kaosheng says: "Swift." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To gallop." It takes the horse radical with 襄 as the phonetic, 襄 having the same sound as above).
10.116
Jie Zhou 桀紂 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [j- + -iè > j-] jù liè 反. The title of the last king of the Xia dynasty. The Shiji states: "The son of Emperor Fa; he was attacked by Tang and died in the wilds of Mingtiao." The Shifa says: "Harmful to benevolence and abundantly extravagant is called jie 桀." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [zh- + -ǒu > zh-] zhí jiǔ 反. The last emperor of the Yin dynasty. The Shiji states: "The son of Emperor Yi; he was attacked by King Wu, defeated at Muye, and his head was hung from a white banner." The Shifa says: "Injurious to righteousness and destructive of good is called zhou 紂." Zhou refers to Xin).
10.117
Dunhuang 燉煌 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [d- + -ūn > d-] dùn hún 反. The second character has the sound of huáng 皇. The Hanshu states: "Dunhuang Commandery is Shazhou. It was established in the first year of Emperor Wu by dividing Jiuquan Commandery." Du Lin's commentary states: "Dunhuang was taken to be ancient Guazhou." The Gujin zhengzi states that both characters take the fire radical, with 敦 and 皇 as their respective phonetics).
10.118
Longbo 癃跛 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [l- + -ōng > l-] liù zhōng 反. The Cangjie pian says: "Long 癃 means a chronic illness." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It takes the disease radical with 隆 as the phonetic." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [b- + -ǒ > b-] bù huǒ 反. The Qieyun says: "Lame in the foot." It takes the foot radical with 波 abbreviated as the phonetic).
10.119
Gao Yao 皐繇 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [g- + -áo > g-] gǔ láo 反. The second character has the sound yáo 姚. The Shangshu states that Gao Yao made plans for Emperor Shun; ancient script texts write it as the two forms [名*卜] and 繇, whereas modern texts write them as Gao Yao 皐陶. The Shuowen jiezi says: "It takes 白 with [(犀-尸)-牛+十] as the phonetic; now some write it with 自, which is incorrect." [(犀-尸)-牛+十] has the sound tāo 滔. Note: Gao Yao was Shun's minister).
10.120
Baxian 八埏 (The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [y- + -ān > y-] yǎn xiān 反. The Hanshu yinyi states: "The eight xian are the eight limits of the earth." The Gujin zhengzi states it takes the earth radical with 延 as the phonetic).
10.121
Shanran 澘然 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [sh- + -ān > sh-] suǒ jiān 反. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "Shanran 澘然 means tears falling." It is an ideogram formed from "dripping" and "eye").
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Wozhen 沃朕 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [w- + -ò > w-] wū kù 反. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Wo 沃 means to pour or irrigate." It takes the water radical with 夭 as the phonetic. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [zh- + -ěn > zh-] zhí rěn 反. The Erya says: "Zhen 朕 means I / me." The Shiji says: "In antiquity, both the noble and the base referred to themselves as zhen; beginning from the twenty-sixth year of the First Emperor of Qin, the Son of Heaven alone used this term." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It takes the boat radical, written as 𦨶").
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Shute 淑忒 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [sh- + -ù > sh-] shū liù 反. The Erya says: "Shu 淑 means good." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Pure and clear." It takes the water radical with 叔 as the phonetic; popularly written as 洲. The Shijing says: "Good, not evil or contrary." The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [t- + -è > t-] tā dé 反. The Erya says: "Shuang 爽 means error (te 忒)." Guo Pu's commentary says: "The application of mind is erratic and not single-minded").
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Zhuangji 撞擊 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [zh- + -uàng > zh-] zhái jiāng 反. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Zhuang 撞 means to collide or strike." The Zishu says: "Zhuang also means to strike." It takes the hand radical with 童 as the phonetic).
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Duheng 杜衡 (The first character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [d- + -ù > d-] tú gǔ 反. The second character has the fanqie phonetic spelling [h- + -éng > h-] hù gēng 反. The Shanhaijing says: "On the Mount of the Heavenly Emperor there is a plant whose shape is like the mallow and whose scent is like the [菧-氐+(林/糸)]wu, named duheng." Guo Pu's commentary says: "An aromatic plant." The Bencao says: "The [菧-氐+(林/糸)]wu is the shechuang (Cnidium monnieri)"; it has the sound mí wú 縻無. In some editions duheng 杜衡 is written as 杜衡, which is an error and completely discordant).
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Linked texts (1)
- 續一切經音義 — Classical Chinese