Pramanamimamsa 2.1: prathamāhnika
Pramāṇamīmāṃsāvṛtti 2.1
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- Sanskrit
Contents
- 2.1.69 — 5 parts
prathamāhnika
2.1.1
lakṣitaṃ svārthamanumānamidānīṃ kramaprāptaṃ parārthamanumānaṃ lakṣayati--
2.1.2
yathoktam svaniścitasādhyāvinābhāvaikalakṣaṇaṃ yat sādhanam tasyābhidhānam . abhidhīyate parasmai pratipādyate aneneti abhidhānam vacanam, tasmājjātaḥ samyagarthanirṇayaḥ parārtham anumānaṃ paropadeśāpekṣaṃ sādhyavijñānamityarthaḥ .. 1 ..
2.1.3
nanu vacanaṃ parārthamanumānamityāhustatkathamityāha--
2.1.4
acetanaṃ hi vacanaṃ na sākṣātpramitiphalaheturiti na nirupacaritapramāṇabhāvabhājanam, mukhyānumānahetutvena tūpacaritānumānābhidhānapātratāṃ pratipadyate . upacāraścātra kāraṇe kāryasya . yathoktasādhanābhidhānāt tadviṣayā smṛtirutpadyate, smṛteścānumānam, tasmādanumānasya paramparayā yathoktasādhanābhidhānaṃ kāraṇam, tasmin kāraṇe vacane kāryasyānumānasyopacāraḥ samāropaḥ kriyate . tataḥ samāropāt kāraṇaṃ vacanamanumānaśabdenocyate . kārye vā pratipādakānumānajanye vacane kāraṇasyānumānasyopacāraḥ . vacanamaupacārikamanumānaṃ na mukhyamityarthaḥ .
2.1.5
iha ca mukhyārthabādhe prayojane nimitte copacāraḥ pravartate . tatra mukhyo'rthaḥ sākṣātpramitiphalaḥ samyagarthanirṇayaḥ pramāṇaśabdasamānādhikaraṇasya parārthānumānaśabdasya, tasya bādhā, vacanasya nirṇayatvānupapatteḥ . prayojanam anumānāvayavāḥ pratijñādaya iti śāstre vyavahāra eva, nirṇayātmanyanaṃśe tadvyavahārānupapatteḥ . nimittaṃ tu nirṇayātmakānumānahetutvaṃ vacanasyeti .. 2 ..
2.1.6
tad vacanātmakaṃ parārthānumānaṃ dvedhā dviprakāram .. 3 ..
2.1.7
prakārabhedamāha--
2.1.8
tathā sādhye satyeva upapattiḥ sādhanasyetyekaḥ prakāraḥ . anyathā sādhyābhāve anupapattiḥceti dvitīyaḥ prakāraḥ . yathā agnimānayaṃ parvataḥ tathaiva dhūmavattvopapatteḥ, anyathā dhūmavattvānupapattervā . etāvanmātrakṛtaḥ parārthānumānasya bhedo na pāramārthikaḥ sa iti bhedapadena darśayati .. 4 ..
2.1.9
etadevāha--
2.1.10
na anayoḥtathopapattyanyathānupapattirūpayoḥ prayogaprakārayoḥ tātparye yatparaḥ śabdaḥ sa śabdārthaḥ ityevaṃlakṣaṇe tatparatve, bhedaḥ viśeṣaḥ . etaduktaṃ bhavati anyadabhidheyaṃ śabdasyānyatprakāśyaṃ prayojanam . tatrābhidheyāpekṣayā vācakatvaṃ bhidyate, prakāśyaṃ tvabhinnam, anvaye kathite vyatirekagatirvyatireke cānvayagatirityubhayatrāpi sādhanasya sādhyāvinābhāvaḥ prakāśyate . na ca yatrābhidheyabhedastatra tātparyabhedo'pi . nahi pīno devadatto divā na bhuṅkte, pīno devadatto rātrau bhuṅkte ityanayorvākyayorabhidheyabhedo'stīti tātparyeṇāpi bhettavyamiti bhāvaḥ .. 5 ..
2.1.11
tātparyābhedasyaiva phalamāha--
2.1.12
yata eva nānayostātparye bhedaḥ ata eva nobhayoḥ tathopapattyanyathānupapattyoryugapat prayogaḥ yuktaḥ . vyāptyupadarśanāya hi tathopapattyanyathānupapattibhyāṃ hetoḥ prayogaḥ kriyate . vyāptyupadarśanaṃ caikayaiva siddhamiti viphalo dvayoḥ prayogaḥ . yadāha--
2.1.13
hetostathopapattyā vā syātprayogo'nyathāpi vā .
dvividho'nyatareṇāpi sādhyasiddhirbhavediti .. nyāyā॰ 17
2.1.14
nanu yadyekenaiva prayogeṇa hetorvyāptyupadarśanaṃ kṛtamiti kṛtaṃ viphalena dvitīyaprayogeṇa; tarhi pratijñāyā api mā bhūt prayogo viphalatvāt . nahi pratijñāmātrāt kaścidarthaṃ pratipadyate, tathā sati hi vipratipattireva na syādityāha--
2.1.15
viṣayaḥ yatra tathopapattyānyathānupapattyā vā hetuḥ svasādhyasādhanāya prārthyate, tasya upadarśanam parapratītāvāropaṇaṃ tadarthaṃ punaḥ pratijñā prayoktavyeti śeṣaḥ .
2.1.16
ayamarthaḥ--parapratyāyanāya vacanamuccārayatā prekṣāvatā tadeva pare bodhayitavyā yadbubhutsante . tathāsatyanena bubhutsitābhidhāyinā pare bodhitā bhavanti . na khalvaśvān pṛṣṭo gavayān bruvāṇaḥ praṣṭuravadheyavacano bhavati . anavadheyavacanaśca kathaṃ pratipādako nāma ? . yathā ca śaikṣo bhikṣuṇācacakṣe--bhoḥ śaikṣa, piṇḍapātamāhareti . sa--evamācarāmītyanabhidhāya yadā tadarthaṃ prayatate tadā'smai krudhyati bhikṣuḥ--āḥ śiṣyābhāsa bhikṣukheṭa, asmānavadhīrayasīti vibruvāṇaḥ . evamanityaṃ śabdaṃ ṣubhutsamānāya anityaḥ śabda iti viṣayamanupadarśya yadeva kiñciducyate--kṛtakatvāditi vā, yat kṛtakaṃ tadanityamiti vā, kṛtakatvasya tathaivopapatteriti vā, kṛtakatvasyānyathānupapatteriti vā, tat sarvamasyānapekṣitamāpātato'sambaddhābhidhānabuddhyā; tathā cānavahito na boddhumarhatīti .
2.1.17
yat kṛtakaṃ tat sarvamanityaṃ yathā ghaṭaḥ, kṛtakaśca śabda iti vacanamarthasāmarthyenaivāpekṣitaśabdānityatvaniścāyakamityavadhānamatreti cet; na, parasparāśrayāt . avadhāne hi satyato'rthaniścayaḥ, tasmāccāvadhānamiti . na ca parṣatprativādinau pramāṇīkṛtavādinau yadetadvacanasambandhāya prayatiṣyete . tathāsati na hetvādyapekṣeyātām, tadavacanādeva tadarthaniścayāt . anityaḥ śabda iti tvapekṣite ukte kuta ityāśaṅkāyāṃ kṛtakatvasya tathaivopapatteḥ kṛtakatvasyānyathānupapattervetyupatiṣṭhate, tadidaṃ viṣayopadarśanārthatvaṃ pratijñāyā iti .. 7 ..
2.1.18
nanu yat kṛtakaṃ tadanityaṃ yathā ghaṭaḥ, kṛtakaśca śabda ityukte gamyata etad anityaḥ śabda iti, tasya sāmarthyalabdhatvāt, tathāpi tadvacane punaruktatvaprasaṅgāt, arthādāpannasya svaśabdena punarvacanaṃ punaruktam nyāyasū॰ 5. 2. 15 . āha ca-ḍiṇḍikarāgaṃ parityajyākṣiṇī nimīlya cintaya tābat kimiyatā pratītiḥ syānnaveti, bhāve kiṃ prapañcamālayā hetu॰ pari॰ 1 ityāha--
2.1.19
sādhyameva dharmastasyādhārastasya sandehastadapanodāya--yaḥ kṛtakaḥ so'nitya ityukte'pi dharmiviṣayasandeha eva--kimanityaḥ śabdo ghaṭo veti ?, tannirākaraṇāya gamyamānasyāpi sādhyasya nirdeśo yuktaḥ, sādhyadharmiṇi sādhanadharmāvabodhanāya pakṣadharmopa saṃhāravacanavat . yathā hi sādhyavyāptasādhanadarśanena tadādhārāvagatāvapi niyatadharmisambandhitāpradarśanārtham--kṛtakaśca śabda iti pakṣadharmopasaṃhāravacanaṃ tathā sādhyasya viśiṣṭadharmisambandhitāvabodhanāya pratijñāvacanamapyupapadyata eveti .. 8 ..
2.1.20
nanu prayogaṃ prati vipratipadyante vādinaḥ, tathāhi--pratijñāhetūdāharaṇānīti tryavayavamanumānamiti sāṅkhyāḥ . sahopanayena caturavayavamiti mīmāṃsakāḥ . sahanigamanena pañcāvayavamiti naiyāyikāḥ . tadevaṃ vipratipattau kīdṛśo'numānaprayoga ityāha--
2.1.21
etāvān eva yaduta tathopapattyānyathānupapattyā vā yuktaṃ sādhanaṃ pratijñā ca . prekṣāya prekṣāvate pratipādyāya tadavabodhanārthaḥ prayogaḥ na tvadhiko yathāhuḥ sāṅkhyādayaḥ, nāpi hīno yathāhuḥ saugatāḥ--viduṣāṃ vācyo hetureva hi kevalaḥ pramāṇavā॰ 1. 28 iti .. 9 ..
2.1.22
nanu parārthapravṛttaiḥ kāruṇikairyathākathañcit pare pratibodhayitavyā nāsadvyavasthopanyāsairamīṣāṃ pratibhābhaṅgaḥ karaṇīyaḥ, tatkimucyate etāvān prekṣaprayogaḥ ?, ityāśaṅkya dvitīyamapi prayogakramamupadarśayati--
2.1.23
bodhyaḥ śiṣyastasya anurodhaḥ tadavabodhanapratijñāpāratantryaṃ tasmāt, pratijñādīni pañcāpi prayoktavyāni . etāni cāvayavasañjñayā procyante . yadakṣapādaḥ--pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayanigamanānyavayavāḥ nyāyasū॰ 1. 1. 32 iti . api śabdāt pratijñādīnāṃ śuddhayaśca pañca bodhyānurodhāt prayoktavyāḥ . yacchrībhadrabāhusvāmipūjyapādāḥ--
2.1.24
katthai pañcāvayavaṃ dasahā vā savvahā ṇa paḍikuṭṭhaṃ ti .. daśa॰ ni॰ 50
2.1.25
tatra pratijñāyā lakṣaṇamāha--
2.1.26
sādhyaṃ siṣādhayiṣitadharmaviśiṣṭo dharmī, nirdiśyate aneneti nirdeśo vacanam, sādhyasya nirdeśaḥ sādhyanirdeśaḥ pratijñā pratijñāyate'nayeti kṛtvā, yathā ayaṃ pradeśo'gnimāniti .. 11 ..
2.1.27
hetuṃ lakṣayati--
2.1.28
sādhanatvābhivyañjikā vibhaktiḥ pañcamī tṛtīyā vā tadantam, sādhanasya uktalakṣaṇasya vacanam hetuḥ . dhūma ityādirūpasya hetutvanirākaraṇāya prathamaṃ padam . avyāptavacanahetutvanirākaraṇāya dvitīyamiti . sa dvividhastathopapattyanyathānupapattibhyām, tadyathā dhūmasya tathaivopapatterdhūmasyānyathānupapatterveti .. 12 ..
2.1.29
udāharaṇaṃ lakṣayati--
2.1.30
dṛṣṭāntaḥ uktalakṣaṇastatpratipādakaṃ vacanam udāharaṇam tadapi dvividhaṃ dṛṣṭāntabhedāt . sādhanadharmaprayuktasādhyadharmayogī sādharmyadṛṣṭāntastasya vacanaṃ sādharmyodāharaṇam, yathā yo dhūmavān so'gnimān yathā mahānasapradeśaḥ . sādhyadharmanivṛttiprayuktasādhanadharmanivṛttiyogī vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntastasya vacanaṃ vaidharmyodāharaṇam, yathā yo'gninivṛttimān sa dhūmanivṛttimān yathā jalāśayapradeśa iti .. 13 ..
2.1.31
upanayalakṣaṇamāha--
2.1.32
dṛṣṭāntadharmiṇi visṛtasya sādhanadharmasya sādhyadharmiṇi yaḥ upasaṃhāraḥ saḥ upanayaḥ upasaṃhriyate'nenopanīyate'neneti vacanarūpaḥ, yathā dhūmavāṃścāyamiti .. 14 ..
2.1.33
nigamanaṃ lakṣayati--
2.1.34
sādhyadharmasya dharmiṇyupasaṃhāro nigamyate pūrveṣāmavayavānāmartho'neneti nigamanam, yathā tasmādagnimāniti .
2.1.35
ete nāntarīyakatvapratipādakā vākyaikadeśarūpāḥ pañcāvayavāḥ . eteṣāmeva śuddhayaḥ pañca . yato na śaṅkitasamāropitadoṣāḥ pañcāpyavayavāḥ svāṃ svāmanādīnavāmarthaviṣayāṃ dhiyamādhātumalamiti pratijñādīnāṃ taṃ taṃ doṣamāśaṅkya tatparihārarūpāḥ pañcaiva śuddhayaḥ prayoktavyā iti daśāvayavamidamanumānavākyaṃ bodhyānurodhāt prayoktavyamiti .. 15 ..
2.1.36
iha śāstre yeṣāṃ lakṣaṇamuktaṃ te tallakṣaṇābhāve tadābhāsāḥ suprasiddhā eva . yathā pramāṇasāmānyalakṣaṇābhāve saṃśayaviparyayānadhyavasāyāḥ pramāṇābhāsāḥ, saṃśayādilakṣaṇābhāve saṃśayādyābhāsāḥ, pratyakṣalakṣaṇābhāve pratyakṣābhāsam, parokṣāntargatānāṃ smṛtyādīnāṃ svasvalakṣaṇābhāve tattadābhāsatetyādi . evaṃ hetūnāmapi svalakṣaṇābhāve hetvābhāsatā sujñānaiva . kevalaṃ hetvābhāsānāṃ saṅkhyāniyamaḥ prativyaktiniyataṃ lakṣaṇaṃ ca neṣatkarapratipattīti tallakṣaṇārthamāha--
2.1.37
ahetavo hetuvadābhāsamānāḥ hetvābhāsāḥ asiddhādayaḥ . yadyapi sādhanadoṣā evaite aduṣṭe sādhane tadabhāvāt tathāpi sādhanābhidhāyake hetāvupacārāt pūrvācāryairabhihitāstatastatprasiddhibādhāmanāśrayadbhirasmābhirapi hetudoṣatvenaivocyanta iti .
2.1.38
trayaḥ iti saṅkhyāntaravyavacchedārtham . tena kālātīta-prakaraṇasamayorvyavacchedaḥ . tatra kālātītasya pakṣadoṣeṣvantarbhāvaḥ . pratyakṣāgamabādhitakarmanirdeśānantaraprayuktaḥ kālātyayāpadiṣṭaḥ iti hi tasya lakṣaṇamiti, yathā anuṣṇastejo'vayavī kṛtakatvād ghaṭavaditi . prakaraṇasamastu na sambhavatyeva; nahyasti sambhavo yathoktalakṣaṇe'numāne prayukte'dūṣite vā'numānāntarasya . yattūdāharaṇam--anityaḥśabdaḥ pakṣasapakṣayoranyataratvāt ityekenokte dvitīya āha--nityaḥ śabdaḥ pakṣasapakṣayoranyataratvāditi . tadatīvāsāmpratam . ko hi caturaṅgasabhāyāṃ vādī prativādī vaivaṃvidhamasambaddhamanunmatto'bhidadhīteti ? .. 16 ..
2.1.39
tatrāsiddhasya lakṣaṇamāha--
2.1.40
asan avidyamāno nānyathānupapannaḥ iti sattvasyāsiddhau asiddhaḥ hetvābhāsaḥ svarūpāsiddha ityarthaḥ . yathā anityaḥ śabdaścākṣuṣatvāditi . apakṣadharmatvādayamasiddha iti na mantavyamityāha--nānyathānupapannaḥ iti . anyathānupapattirūpahetulakṣaṇavirahādayamasiddho nāpakṣadharmatvāt . nahi pakṣadharmatvaṃ hetorlakṣaṇaṃ tadabhāve'pyanyathānupapattibalāddhetutvopapatterityuktaprāyam . bhaṭṭo'pyāha--
2.1.41
pitrośca brāhmaṇatvena putrabrāhmaṇatānumā .
sarvalokaprasiddhā na pakṣadharmamapekṣate .. iti .
2.1.42
tathā aniścitasattvaḥ sandigdhasattvaḥ nānyathānupapannaḥ iti sattvasya sandehepyasiddho hetvābhāsaḥ sandigdhāsiddha ityarthaḥ . yathā bāṣpādibhāvena sandihyamānā dhūma latāgnisiddhāvupadiśyamānā, yathā cātmanaḥ siddhāvapi sarvagatatve sādhye sarvatropalabhyamānaguṇatvam, pramāṇābhāvāditi .. 17 ..
2.1.43
asiddhaprabhedānāha--
2.1.44
vādī pūrvapakṣasthitaḥ prativādī uttarapakṣasthitaḥ ubhayaṃ dvāveva vādiprativādinau . tadbhedādasiddhasya bhedaḥ . tatra vādyasiddho yathā pariṇāmī śabda utpattimattvāt . ayaṃ sāṅkhyasya svayaṃ vādino'siddhaḥ, tanmate utpattimattvasyānabhyupetatvāt, nāsadutpadyate nāpi sadvinaśyatyutpādavināśayorāvirbhāvatirobhāvarūpatvāditi tatsiddhāntāt . cetanāstaravaḥ sarvatvagapaharaṇe maraṇāt . atra maraṇaṃ vijñānendriyāyurnirodhalakṣaṇaṃ taruṣu bauddhasya prativādino'siddham . ubhayāsiddhastu cākṣuṣatvamuktameva . evaṃ sandigdhāsiddho'pi vādiprativādyubhayabhedāt trividho boddhavyaḥ .. 18 ..
2.1.45
nanvanye'pi viśeṣyāsiddhādayo hetvābhāsāḥ kaiścidiṣyante te kasmānnoktā ityāha--
2.1.46
eṣveva vādiprativādyubhayāsiddheṣveva . tatra viśeṣyāsiddhādaya udāhriyante . viśeṣyāsiddho yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ sāmānyavattve sati cākṣuṣatvāt . viśeṣaṇāsiddho yathā anityaḥ śabdaścākṣuṣatve sati sāmānyaviśeṣavattvāt . bhāgāsiddho yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvāt . āśrayāsiddho yathā asti pradhānaṃ viśvapariṇāmitvāt . āśrayaikadeśāsiddho yathā nityāḥ pradhānapuruṣeśvarāḥ akṛtakatvāt . vyarthaviśeṣyāsiddho yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatve sati sāmānyavattvāt . vyarthaviśeṣaṇāsiddho yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ sāmānyavattve sati kṛtakatvāt . sandigdhaviśeṣyāsiddho yathā adyāpi rāgādiyuktaḥ kapilaḥ puruṣatve satyadyāpyanutpannatattvajñānatvāt . sandigdhaviśeṣaṇāsiddho yathā adyāpi rāgādiyuktaḥ kapilaḥ sarvadā tattvajñānarahitatve sati puruṣatvādityādi . ete'siddhabhedā yadānyataravādyasiddhatvena vivakṣyante tadā vādyasiddhāḥ prativādyasiddhā vā bhavanti . yadobhayavādyasiddhatvena vivakṣyante tadobhayāsiddhā bhavanti .. 19 ..
2.1.47
viruddhasya lakṣaṇamāha--
2.1.48
viparītaḥ yathoktādviparyasto niyamaḥ avinābhāvo yasya sa tathā, tasyaivopadarśanam anyathaivopapadyamānaḥ iti . yathā nityaḥ śabdaḥ kāryatvāt, parārthāścakṣurādayaḥ saṅghātatvācchayanāśanādyaṅgavadityatrāsaṃhatapārārthye sādhye cakṣurādīnāṃ saṃhatatvaṃ viruddham . buddhimatpūrvakaṃ kṣityādi kāryatvādityatrāśarīrasarvajñakartṛpūrvakatve sādhye kāryatvaṃ viruddhasādhanādviruddham .
2.1.49
anena ye'nyairanye viruddhā udāhṛtāste'pi saṅgṛhītāḥ . yathā sati sapakṣe catvāro bhedāḥ . pakṣavipakṣavyāpako yathā nityaḥ śabdaḥ kāryatvāt . pakṣavyāpako vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiryathā nityaḥ śabdaḥ sāmānyavattve satyasmadādibāhyendriyagrāhyatvāt . pakṣaikadeśavṛttirvipakṣavyāpako yathā nityā pṛthvī kṛtakatvāt . pakṣavipakṣaikadeśavṛttiryathā nityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvāt . asati sapakṣe catvāro viruddhāḥ . pakṣavipakṣavyāpako yathā ākāśaviśeṣaguṇaḥ śabdaḥ prameyatvāt . pakṣavyāpako vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiryathā ākāśaviśeṣaguṇaḥ śabdo bāhyendriyagrāhyatvāt . pakṣaikadeśavṛttirvipakṣavyāpako yathā ākāśaviśeṣaguṇaḥ śabdo'padātmakatvāt . pakṣavipakṣaikadeśavṛttiryathā ākāśaviśeṣaguṇaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvāt . eṣu ca caturṣu viruddhatā, pakṣaikadeśavṛttiṣu caturṣu punarasiddhatā viruddhatā cetyubhayasamāveśa iti .. 20 ..
2.1.50
anaikāntikasya lakṣaṇamāha--
2.1.51
niyamaḥ avinābhāvastasya asiddhau anaikāntikaḥ yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ prameyatvāt, prameyatvaṃ nitye'pyākāśādāvastīti . sandehe yathā asarvajñaḥ kaścid rāgādimān vā vaktṛtvāt . svabhāvaviprakṛṣṭābhyāṃ hi sarvajñatvavītarāgatvābhyāṃ na vaktṛtvasya virodhaḥ siddhaḥ, na ca rāgādikāryaṃ vacanamiti sandigdho'nvayaḥ . ye cānye'nyairanaikāntikabhedā udāhṛtāsta uktalakṣaṇa evāntarbhavanti . pakṣatrayavyāpako yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ prameyatvāt pakṣasapakṣavyāpako vipakṣaikadeśavṛttiryathā gaurayaṃ viṣāṇitvāt . pakṣavipakṣavyāpakaḥ sapakṣaikadeśavṛttiryathā nāyaṃ gauḥ viṣāṇitvāt . pakṣavyāpakaḥ sapakṣavipakṣaikadeśavṛttiryathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ pratyakṣatvāt . pakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ sapakṣavipakṣavyāpako yathā na dravyāṇyākāśakāladigātmamanāṃsi kṣaṇikaviśeṣaguṇarahitatvāt . pakṣavipakṣaikadeśavṛttiḥ sapakṣavyāpī yathā na dravyāṇi dikkālamanāṃsi amūrtatvāt . pakṣasapakṣaikadeśavṛttirvipakṣavyāpī yathā dravyāṇi dikkālamanāṃsi amūrtatvāt . pakṣatrayaikadeśavṛttiryathā anityā pṛthvī pratyakṣatvāditi .. 21 ..
2.1.52
udāharaṇadoṣānāha--
2.1.53
parārthānumānaprastāvādudāharaṇadoṣā evaite dṛṣṭāntaprabhavatvāt tu dṛṣṭāntadoṣā ityucyante . dṛṣṭāntasya ca sādharmyavaidharmyabhedena dvividhatvāt pratyekam aṣṭāvaṣṭau dṛṣṭāntavadābhāsamānāḥ dṛṣṭāntābhāsāḥ bhavanti .. 22 ..
2.1.54
tānevodāharati vibhajati ca--
2.1.55
nityaḥ śabdaḥ amūrtatvādityasmin prayoge karmādayo yathāsaṅkhyaṃ sādhyādivikalāḥ . tatra karmavaditi sādhyavikalaḥ, anityatvāt karmaṇaḥ . paramāṇuvaditi sādhanavikalaḥ, mūrtatvāt paramāṇūnām . ghaṭavaditi sādhyasādhanobhayavikalaḥ, anityatvānmūrtatvācca ghaṭasyeti . iti trayaḥ sādharmyadṛṣṭāntābhāsāḥ .. 23 ..
2.1.56
nityaḥ śabdaḥ amūrttatvādityasminneva prayoge paramāṇukarmākāśāḥ sādhyasādhanobhayāvyatirekiṇo dṛṣṭāntābhāsā bhavanti . yannityaṃ na bhavati tadamūrtamapi na bhavati yathā paramāṇuriti sādhyāvyatirekī, nityatvāt paramāṇūnām . yathā karmeti sādhanāvyāvṛttaḥ, amūrtatvāt karmaṇaḥ . yathākāśamityubhayāvyāvṛttaḥ, nityatvādamūrttatvāccākāśasyeti traya eva vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntābhāsāḥ .. 24 ..
2.1.57
tathā--
2.1.58
sandigdhasādhyasādhanobhayānvayāḥ sandigdhasādhyasādhanobhayavyatirekāśca trayastrayo dṛṣṭāntābhāsā bhavanti . ke ityāha--rathyāpuruṣādayaḥ . kasmin sādhye ? . rāge maraṇadharmakiñcijjñatvayoḥ ca . kasmādityāha--vacanāt rāgāt ca . tatra sandigdhasādhyadharmānvayo yathā vivakṣitaḥ puruṣaviśeṣo rāgī vacanād rathyāpuruṣavat . sandigdhasādhanadharmānvayo yathā maraṇadharmā'yaṃ rāgāt rathyāpuruṣavat . sandigdhobhayadharmānvayo yathā kiñcijjño'yaṃ rāgāt rathyāpuruṣavaditi . eṣu paracetovṛttīnāṃ duradhigamatvena sādharmyadṛṣṭānte rathyāpuruṣe rāgakiñcijjñatvayoḥ sattvaṃ sandigdham . tathā sandigdhasādhyavyatireko yathā rāgī vacanāt rathyāpuruṣavat . sandigdhasādhanavyatireko yathā maraṇadharmā'yaṃ rāgāt rathyāpuruṣavat . sandigdhobhayavyatireko yathā kiñcijjño'yaṃ rāgāt rathyāpuruṣavat . eṣu pūrvavat paracetovṛtterduranvayatvādvaidharmyadṛṣṭānte rathyāpuruṣe rāgakiñcijjñatvayorasattvaṃ sandigdhamiti .. 25 ..
2.1.59
tathā--
2.1.60
viparītānvayaḥ viparītavyatirekaḥ ca dṛṣṭāntābhāsau bhavataḥ . tatra viparītānvayo yathā yat kṛtakaṃ tadanityamiti vaktavye yadanityaṃ tat kṛtakaṃ yathā ghaṭa ityāha . viparītavyatireko yathā anityatvābhāve na bhavatyeva kṛtakatvamiti vaktavye kṛtakatvābhāve na bhavatyevānityatvaṃ yathākāśa ityāha . sādhanadharmānuvādena sādhyadharmasya vidhānamityanvayaḥ . sādhyadharmavyāvṛttyanuvādena sādhanadharmavyāvṛttividhānamiti vyatirekaḥ . tayoranyathābhāve viparītatvam . yadāha--
2.1.61
sādhyānuvādālliṅgasya viparītānbayo vidhiḥ .
hetvabhāve tvasatsādhyaṃ vyatirekaviparyaye .. iti .. 26 ..
2.1.62
apradarśitānvayaḥ apradarśitavyatirekaḥ ca dṛṣṭāntābhāsau . etau ca pramāṇasyānupadarśanādbhavato na tu vīpsāsarvāvadhāraṇapadānāmaprayogāt, satsvapi teṣvasati pramāṇe tayorasiddheriti . sādhyavikalasādhanavikalobhayavikalāḥ, sandigdhasādhyānvayasandigdhasādhanānvayasandigdhobhayānvayāḥ, viparītānvayaḥ, apradarśitānvayaścetyaṣṭau sādharmyadṛṣṭāntābhāsāḥ . sādhyāvyāvṛttasādhanāvyāvṛttobhayāvyāvṛttāḥ, sandigdhasādhyavyāvṛttisandigdhasādhanavyāvṛttisandigdhobhayavyāvṛttayaḥ, viparītavyatirekaḥ, apradarśitavyatirekaścetyaṣṭāveva vaidharmyadṛṣṭāntābhāsā bhavanti .
2.1.63
nanvananvayāvyatirekāvapi kaiścid dṛṣṭāntābhāsāvuktau, yathā rāgādimānayaṃ vacanāt . atra sādharmyadṛṣṭānte ātmani rāgavacanayoḥ satyapi sāhitye, vaidharmyadṛṣṭānte copalakhaṇḍe satyāmapi saha nivṛttau pratibandhābhāvenānvayavyatirekayorabhāva ityananvayāvyatirekau . tau kasmādiha noktau ? . ucyate--tābhyāṃ pūrve na bhidyanta iti sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyekamaṣṭāveva dṛṣṭāntābhāsā bhavanti . yadāhuḥ--
2.1.64
liṅgasyānanvayā aṣṭāvaṣṭāvavyatirekiṇaḥ .
nānyathānupapannatvaṃ kathaṃcit khyāpayantyamī .. iti .. 27 ..
2.1.65
avasitaṃ parārthānumānamidānīṃ tannāntarīyakaṃ dūṣaṇaṃ lakṣayati--
2.1.66
sādhanasya parārthānumānasya ye asiddhaviruddhādayo doṣāḥ pūrvamuktāsteṣāmudbhāvyate prakāśyate'neneti udbhāvanam sādhanadoṣodbhāvakaṃ vacanaṃ dūṣaṇam . uttaratrābhūtagrahaṇādiha bhūtadoṣodbhāvanā dūṣaṇeti siddham .. 28 ..
2.1.67
dūṣaṇalakṣaṇe dūṣaṇābhāsalakṣaṇaṃ sujñānameva bhedapratipādanārthaṃ tu tallakṣaṇamāha--
2.1.68
avidyamānānāṃ sādhanadoṣāṇāṃ pratipādanānyadūṣaṇānyapi dūṣaṇavadābhāsamānāni dūṣaṇābhāsāḥ . tāni ca jātyuttarāṇi . jātiśabdaḥ sādṛśyavacanaḥ . uttarasadṛśāni jātyuttarāṇi uttarasthānaprayuktatvāt . uttarasadṛśāni jātyuttarāṇi . jātyā sādṛśyenottarāṇi jātyuttarāṇi . tāni ca samyagghetau hetvābhāse vā vādinā prayukte jhaṭiti taddoṣatattvāpratibhāse hetupratibimbanaprāyāṇi pratyavasthānānyanantatvātparisaṅkhyātuṃ na śakyante, tathāpyakṣapādadarśitadiśā sādharmyādipratyavasthānabhedena sādharmyavaidharmyotkarṣāpakarṣavarṇyāvarṇyavikalpasādhyaprāptyaprāptiprasaṅgapratidṛṣṭāntānutpattisaṃśayaprakaraṇāhetva-rthāpattyaviśeṣopapattyupalabdhyanupalabdhinityānityakāryasamarūpatayā caturviṃśatirupadarśyante .
2.1.69.1
tatra sādharmyeṇa pratyavasthānaṃ sādharmyasamā jātiḥ . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvāt ghaṭavaditi prayoge kṛte sādharmyaprayogeṇaiva pratyavasthānam--nityaḥ śabdo niravayavatvādākāśavat . na cāsti viśeṣaheturghaṭasādharmyāt kṛtakatvādanityaḥ śabdo na punarākāśasādharmyānniravayavatvānnitya iti 1 . vaidharmyeṇa pratyavasthānaṃ vaidharmyasamā jātiḥ . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvādityatraiva prayoge sa eva pratiheturvaidharmyeṇa prayujyate-nityaḥ śabdo niravayavatvāt; anityaṃ hi sāvayavaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ ghaṭādīti . na cāsti viśeṣaheturghaṭasādharmyātkṛtakatvādanityaḥ śabdo na punastadvaidharmyānniravayavatvānnitya iti 2 . utkarṣāpakarṣābhyāṃ pratyavasthānamutkarṣāpakarṣasame jātī . tatraiva prayoge dṛṣṭāntadharmaṃ kañcit sādhyadharmiṇyāpādayannutkarṣasamāṃ jātiṃ prayuṅkte--yadi ghaṭavat kṛtakatvādanityaḥ śabdo ghaṭavadeva mūrto'pi bhavatu . na cenmūrto ghaṭavadanityo'pi mā bhūditi śabde dharmāntarotkarṣamāpādayati 3 . apakarṣastu ghaṭaḥ kṛtakaḥ sannaśrāvaṇo dṛṣṭa evaṃ śabdopyastu . no ced ghaṭavadanityo'pi mābhūditi śabde śrāvaṇatvadharmamapakarṣatīti 4 . varṇyāvarṇyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānaṃ varṇyāvarṇyasame jātī . khyāpanīyo varṇyastadviparīto'varṇyaḥ . tāvetau varṇyāvarṇyau sādhyadṛṣṭāntadharmau viparyasyan varṇyāvarṇyasame jātī prayuṅkte--yathāvidhaḥ śabdadharmaḥ kṛtakatvādirna tādṛgghaṭadharmo yādṛgghaṭadharmo na tādṛk śabdadharma iti 5--6 . dharmāntaravikalpena pratyavasthānaṃ vikalpasamā jātiḥ .
2.1.69.2
yathā kṛtakaṃ kiñcinmṛdu dṛṣṭaṃ rāṅkavaśayyādi, kiñcitkaṭhinaṃ kuṭhārādi, evaṃ kṛtakaṃ kiñcidanityaṃ bhaviṣyati ghaṭādi kiñcinnityaṃ śabdādīti 7 . sādhyasāmyāpādanena pratyavasthānaṃ sādhyasamā jātiḥ . yathā--yadi yathā ghaṭastathā śabdaḥ, prāptaṃ tarhi yathā śabdastathā ghaṭa iti . śabdaśca sādhya iti ghaṭo'pi sādhyo bhavatu . tataśca na sādhyaḥ sādhyasya dṛṣṭāntaḥ syāt . na cedevaṃ tathāpi vailakṣaṇyātsutarāmadṛṣṭānta iti 8 . prāptyaprāptivikalpābhyāṃ pratyavasthānaṃ prāptyaprāptisame jātī . yathā yadetat kṛtakatvaṃ tvayā sādhanamupanyastaṃ tatkiṃ prāpya sādhayatyaprāpya vā ? . prāpya cet; dvayorvidyamānayoreva prāptirbhavati, na sadasatoriti . dvayośca sattvāt kiṃ kasya sādhyaṃ sādhanaṃ vā ? 9 . aprāpya tu sādhanatvamayuktamatiprasaṅgāditi 10 . atiprasaṅgāpādanena pratyavasthānaṃ prasaṅgasamā jātiḥ . yathā yadyanityatve kṛtakatvaṃ sādhanaṃ kṛtakatva idānīṃ kiṃ sādhanam ? . tatsādhane'pi kiṃ sādhanamiti ? 11 . pratidṛṣṭāntena pratyavasthānaṃ pratidṛṣṭāntasamā jātiḥ . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvāt ghaṭavadityukte jātivādyāha--yathā ghaṭaḥ prayatnānantarīyako'nityo dṛṣṭa evaṃ pratidṛṣṭānta ākāśaṃ nityamapi prayatnānantarīyakaṃ dṛṣṭam, kūpakhananaprayatnānantaramupalambhāditi . na cedamanaikāntikatvodbhāvanam, bhaṅgyantareṇa pratya vasthānāt 12 . anutpattyā pratyavasthānamanutpattisamā jātiḥ . yathā anutpanne śabdākhye dharmiṇi kṛtakatvaṃ dharmaḥ kva vartate ? . tadevaṃ hetvabhāvādasiddhiranityatvasyeti 13 .
2.1.69.3
sādharmyasamā vaidharmyasamā vā yā jātiḥ pūrvamudāhṛtā saiva saṃśayenopasaṃhiyamāṇā saṃśayasamā jātirbhavati . yathā kiṃ ghaṭasādharmyāt kṛtakatvādanityaḥ śabda uta tadvaidharmyādākāśasādharmyādvā niravayavatvānnitya iti ? 14 . dvitīyapakṣotthāpanabuddhyā prayujyamānā saiva sādharmyasamā vaidharmyasamā vā jātiḥ prakaraṇasamā bhavati . tatraiva anityaḥ śabdaḥ kṛtakatvād ghaṭavaditi prayoge--nityaḥ śabdaḥ śrāvaṇatvācchabdatvavaditi udbhāvanaprakārabhedamātre sati nānātvaṃ draṣṭavyam 15 . traikālyānupapattyā hetoḥ pratyavasthānamahetusamā jātiḥ . yathā hetuḥ sādhanam . tat sādhyātpūrvaṃ paścāt saha vā bhavet ? . yadi pūrvam; asati sādhye tat kasya sādhanam ? . atha paścātsādhanam; pūrvaṃ tarhi sādhyam, tasmiṃśca pūrvasiddhe kiṃ sādhanena ? . atha yugapatsādhyasādhane; tarhi tayoḥ savyetaragoviṣāṇayoriva sādhyasādhanabhāva eva na bhavediti 16 . arthāpattyā pratyavasthānamarthāpattisamā jātiḥ . yadyanityasādharmyātkṛtakatvādanityaḥ śabdaḥ, arthādāpadyate nityasādharmyānnitya iti . asti cāsya nityenākāśādinā sādharmyaṃ niravayavatvamityudbhāvanaprakārabheda evāyamiti 17 . aviśeṣāpādanena pratyavasthānamaviśeṣasamā jātiḥ . yathā yadi śabdaghaṭayoreko dharmaḥ kṛtakatvamiṣyate tarhi samānadharmayogāttayoraviśeṣe tadvadeva sarvapadārthānāmaviśeṣaḥ prasajyata iti 18 . upapattyā pratyavasthānamupapattisamā jātiḥ . yathā yadi kṛtakatvopapattyā śabdasyānityatvam, niravayavatvopapattyā nityatvamapi kasmānna bhavati ? .
2.1.69.4
pakṣadvayopapattyā'nadhyavasāyaparyavasānatvaṃ vivakṣitamityudbhāvanaprakārabheda evāyam 19 . upalabdhyā pratyavasthānamupalabdhisamā jātiḥ . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvāditi prayukte pratyavatiṣṭhate--na khalu prayatnānantarīyakatvamanityatve sādhanam; sādhanaṃ hi taducyate yena vinā na sādhyamupalabhyate . upalabhyate ca prayatnānantarīyakatvena vinā'pi vidyudādāvanityatvam . śabde'pi kvacidvāyuvegabhajyamānavanaspatyādijanye tathaiveti 20 . anupalabdhyā pratyavasthānamanupalabdhisamā jātiḥ . yathā tatraiva prayatnānantarīyakatvahetāvupanyaste satyāha jātivādī--na prayatnakāryaḥ śabdaḥ prāguccāraṇādastyevāsāvāvaraṇayogāttu nopalabhyate . āvaraṇānupalambhe'pyanupalambhānnāstyeva śabda iti cet; na, āvaraṇānupalambhepyanupalambhasadbhāvāt . āvaraṇānupalabdheścānupalambhādabhāvaḥ . tadabhāve cāvaraṇopalabdherbhāvo bhavati . tataśca mṛdantaritamūlakīlodakādivadāvaraṇopalabdhikṛtameva śabdasya prāguccāraṇādagrahaṇamiti prayatnakāryatvābhāvānnityaḥ śabda iti 21 . sādhya dharmanityānityatvavikalpena śabdanityatvāpādanaṃ nityasamā jātiḥ . yathā anityaḥ śabda iti pratijñāte jātivādī vikalpayati--yeyamanityatā śabdasyocyate sā kimanityā nityā veti ? . yadyanityā; tadiyamavaśyamapāyinītyanityatāyā apāyānnityaḥ śabdaḥ . athānityatā nityaiva; tathāpi dharmasya nityatvāttasya ca nirāśrayasyānupapattestadāśrayabhūtaḥ śabdo'pi nityo bhavet, tadanityatve taddharmanityatvāyogādityubhayathāpi nityaḥ śabda iti 22 . sarvabhāvānityatvopapādanena pratyavasthānamanityasamā jātiḥ .
2.1.69.5
yathā ghaṭena sādharmyamanityena śabdasyāstīti tasyānityatvaṃ yadi pratipādyate, tad ghaṭena sarvapadārthānāmastyeva kimapi sādharmyamiti teṣāmapyanityatvaṃ syāt . atha padārthāntarāṇāṃ tathābhāve'pi nānityatvam; tarhi śabdasyāpi tanmā bhūditi . anityatvamātrāpādanapūrvakaviśeṣodbhāvanāccāviśeṣasamāto bhinneyaṃ jātiḥ 23 . prayatnakāryanānātvopanyāsena pratyavasthānaṃ kāryasamā jātiḥ . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ prayatnānantarīyakatvādityukte jātivādyāha-prayatnasya dvairūpyaṃ dṛṣṭam--kiñcidasadeva tena janyate yathā ghaṭādi, kiñcitsadevāvaraṇavyudāsādinā'bhivyajyate yathā mṛdantaritamūlakīlādi, evaṃ prayatnakāryanānātvādeṣa prayatnena śabdo vyajyate janyate veti saṃśaya iti . saṃśayāpādanaprakārabhedācca saṃśayasamātaḥ kāryasamā jātirbhidyate 24 .
2.1.70
tadevamudbhāvanaviṣayavikalpabhedena jātīnāmānantye'pyasaṅkīrṇodāharaṇavivakṣayā caturviṃśatirjātibhedā ete darśitāḥ . pratisamādhānaṃ tu sarvajātīnāmanyathānupapattilakṣaṇānumānalakṣaṇaparīkṣaṇameva . na hyaviplutalakṣaṇe hetāvevaṃprāyāḥ pāṃśupātāḥ prabhavanti . kṛtakatvaprayatnānantarīyakatvayośca dṛḍhapratibandhatvānnāvaraṇādikṛtaṃ śabdānupalambhanamapi tvanityatvakṛtameva . jātiprayoge ca pareṇa kṛte samyaguttarameva vaktavyaṃ na pratīpaṃ jātyuttaraireva pratyavastheyamāsamañjasya prasaṅgāditi .
2.1.71
chalamapi ca samyaguttaratvābhāvājjātyuttarameva . uktaṃ hyetadudbhāvanaprakārabhedenānantāni jātyuttarāṇīti . tatra parasya vadato'rthavikalpopapādanena vacanavighātaśchalam . tattridhā vākchalaṃ sāmānyacchalamupacāracchalaṃ ceti . tatra sādhāraṇe śabde prayukte vakturabhipretādarthādarthāntarakalpanayā tanniṣedho vākchalam . yathā navakambalo'yaṃ māṇavaka iti nūtanavivakṣayā kathite paraḥ saṅkhyāmāropya niṣedhati--kuto'sya nava kambalā iti ? . sambhāvanayātiprasaṅgino'pi sāmānyasyopanyāse hetutvāropaṇena tanniṣedhaḥ sāmānyacchalam . yathā aho nu khalvasau brāhmaṇo vidyācaraṇasampanna iti brāhmaṇastutiprasaṅge kaścidvadati--sambhavati brāhmaṇe vidyācaraṇasampaditi . tat chalavādī brāhmaṇatvasya hetutāmāropya nirākurvannabhiyuṅkte--yadi brāhmaṇe vidyācaraṇasampad bhavati, vrātye'pi sā bhavet vrātyo'pi brāhmaṇa eveti . aupacārike prayoge mukhyapratiṣedhena pratyavasthānamupacāracchalam . yathā mañcāḥ krośantīti ukte paraḥ pratyavatiṣṭhate--kathamacetanāḥ mañcāḥ krośanti mañcasthāstu puruṣāḥ krośantīti . tadatra chalatraye'pi vṛddhavyavahāraprasiddhaśabdasāmarthyaparīkṣaṇameva samādhānaṃ veditavyamiti .. 29 ..
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sādhanadūṣaṇādyabhidhānaṃ ca prāyo vāde bhavatīti vādasya lakṣaṇamāha--
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svapakṣasiddhaye vādinaḥ sādhanam tatpratiṣedhāya prativādino dūṣaṇam . prativādino'pi svapakṣasiddhaye sādhanam tatpratiṣedhāya vādino dūṣaṇam . tadevaṃ vādinaḥ sādhanadūṣaṇe prativādino'pi sādhanadūṣaṇe dvayorvādiprativādibhyām vadanam abhidhānam vādaḥ . kathamityāha--prāśnikādisamakṣam . prāśnikāḥ sabhyāḥ-svasamayaparasamayajñāḥ kulajāḥ pakṣadvayepsitāḥ kṣamiṇaḥ . vādapatheṣvabhiyuktāstulāsamāḥ prāśnikāḥ proktāḥ .. ityevaṃlakṣaṇāḥ . ādigrahaṇena sabhāpativādiprativādiparigrahaḥ, seyaṃ caturaṅgā kathā, ekasyāpyaṅgasya vaikalye kathātvānupapatteḥ . nahi varṇāśramapālanakṣamaṃ nyāyānyāyavyavasthāpakaṃ pakṣapātarahitatvena samadṛṣṭiṃ sabhāpatiṃ yathoktalakṣaṇāṃśca prāśnikān vinā vādiprativādinau svābhimatasādhanadūṣaṇasaraṇimārādhayituṃ kṣamau . nāpi duḥśikṣitakutarkaleśavācālabāliśajanaviplāvito gatānugatiko janaḥ sanmārgaṃ pratipadyeteti . tasya phalamāha--tattvasaṃrakṣaṇārtham . tattvaśabdena tattvaniścayaḥ sādhujanahṛdayaviparivartī gṛhyate, tasya rakṣaṇaṃ durvidagdhajanajanitavikalpakalpanāta iti .
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nanu tattvarakṣaṇaṃ jalpasya vitaṇḍāyā vā prayojanam . yadāha--tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ jalpavitaṇḍe bījaprarohasaṃrakṣaṇārthaṃ kaṇṭakaśākhāparicaraṇavat nyāyasū॰ 4. 2. 50 iti; na, vādasyāpi nigrahasthānavattvena tattvasaṃrakṣaṇārthatvāt . na cāsya nigrahasthānavattvamasiddham . pramāṇatarkasādhanopālambhaḥ siddhāntāviruddhaḥ pañcāvayavopapannaḥ pakṣapratipakṣaparigraho vādaḥ nyāyasū॰ 1. 2. 1 iti vādalakṣaṇe siddhāntāviruddha ityanenāpasiddhāntasya, pañcāvayavopapanna ityanena nyūnādhikayorhetvābhāsapañcakasya cetyaṣṭānāṃ nigrahasthānānāmanujñānāt, teṣāṃ ca nigrahasthānāntaropalakṣaṇatvāt . ata eva na jalpavitaṇḍe kathe, vādasyaiva tattvasaṃrakṣaṇārthatvāt .
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nanu yathoktopapannacchalajātinigrahasthānasādhanopālambho jalpaḥ nyā॰ 1. 2. 2, sa pratipakṣasthāpanāhīno vitaṇḍā nyā॰ 1. 2. 3 iti lakṣaṇe bhedājjalpavitaṇḍe api kathe vidyete eva; na; pratipakṣasthāpanāhīnāyā vitaṇḍāyāḥ kathātvāyogāt . vaitaṇḍikohi svapakṣamabhyupagamyāsthāpayan yatkiṃcidvādena parapakṣameva dūṣayan kathamavadheyavacanaḥ ? . jalpastu yadyapi dvayorapi vādiprativādinoḥ sādhanopālambhasambhāvanayā kathātvaṃ labhate tathāpi na vādādarthāntaram, vādenaiva caritārthatvāt . chalajātinigrahasthānabhūyastvayogādacaritārtha iti cet; na, chalajātiprayogasya dūṣaṇābhāsatvenāprayojyatvāt, nigrahasthānānāṃ ca vādepyaviruddhatvāt . na khalu khaṭacapeṭāmukhabandhādayo'nucitā nigrahā jalpe'pyupayujyante . ucitānāṃ ca nigrahasthānānāṃ vāde'pi na virodho'sti . tanna vādāt jalpasya kaścid viśeṣo'sti . lābhapūjākhyātikāmitādīni tu prayojanāni tattvādhyavasāyasaṃrakṣaṇalakṣaṇapradhānaphalānubandhīni puruṣadharmatvādvāde'pi na nivārayituṃ pāryante .
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nanu chalajātiprayogo'saduttaratvādvāde na bhavati, jalpe tu tasyānujñānādasti vādajalpayorviśeṣaḥ . yadāha-duḥśikṣitakutarkāṃśaleśavācālitānanāḥ . śakyāḥ kimanyathā jetuṃ vitaṇḍāṭopapaṇḍitāḥ .. gatānugatiko lokaḥ kumārgaṃ tatpratāritaḥ . mā gāditi cchalādīni prāha kāruṇiko muniḥ .. iti . nyāyama॰ pṛ॰ 11 naivam . asaduttaraiḥ parapratikṣepasya kartumayuktatvāt; na hyanyāyena jayaṃ yaśo dhanaṃ vā mahātmānaḥ samīhante . atha prabalaprativādidarśanāt tajjaye dharmadhvaṃsasambhāvanāt, pratibhākṣayeṇa samyaguttarasyāpratibhāsādasaduttarairapi pāṃśubhirivāvakirannekāntaparājayādvaraṃ sandeha iti dhiyā na doṣamāvahatīti cet; na, asyāpavādikasya jātyuttaraprayogasya kathāntarasamarthanasāmarthyābhāvāt . vāda eva dravyakṣetrakālabhāvānusāreṇa yadyasaduttaraṃ kathaṃcana prayuñjīta kimetāvatā kathāntaraṃ prasajyeta ? . tasmājjalpavitaṇḍānirākaraṇena vāda evaikaḥ kathāprathāṃ labhata iti sthitam .. 30 ..
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vādaśca jayaparājayāvasāno bhavatīti jayaparājayayorlakṣaṇamāha--
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vādinaḥ prativādino vā yā svapakṣasya siddhiḥ sā jayaḥ . sā ca svapakṣasādhanadoṣaparihāreṇa parapakṣasādhanadoṣodbhāvanena ca bhavati . svapakṣe sādhanamabruvannapi prati vādī vādisādhanasya viruddhatāmudbhāvayan vādinaṃ jayati, viruddhatodbhāvanenaiva svapakṣe sādhanasyoktatvāt . yadāha--biruddhaṃ hetumudbhāvya vādinaṃ jayatītaraḥ iti .. 31 ..
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vādinaḥ prativādino vā yā svapakṣasya asiddhiḥ sā parājayaḥ . sā ca sādhanābhāsābhidhānāt, samyaksādhane'pi vā paroktadūṣaṇānuddharaṇādbhavati .. 32 ..
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nanu yadyasiddhiḥ parājayaḥ, sa tarhi kīdṛśo nigrahaḥ ?, nigrahāntā hi kathā bhavatītyāha--
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saḥ parājaya eva vādiprativādinoḥ nigrahaḥ na vadhabandhādiḥ . athavā sa eva svapakṣāsiddhirūpaḥ parājayo nigrahahetutvānnigraho nānyo yathāhuḥ pare--vipratipattirapratipattiśca nigrahasthānam nyāyasū॰ 1. 2. 19 iti .. 33 ..
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tatrāha--
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viparītā kutsitā vigarhaṇīyā pratipattiḥ vipratipattiḥ--sādhanābhāse sādhanabuddhirdūṣaṇābhāse ca dūṣaṇabuddhiḥ . apratipattistvārambhaviṣaye'nārambhaḥ . sa ca sādhane dūṣaṇaṃ dūṣaṇe coddharaṇaṃ tayorakaraṇam apratipattiḥ . dvidhā hi vādī parājīyate--yathākartavyamapratipadyamāno viparītaṃ vā pratipadyamāna iti . vipratipattyapratipattī eva vipratipattyapratipattimātram na parājayahetuḥ kintu svapakṣasyāsiddhireveti . vipratipattyapratipattyośca nigrahasthānatvanirāsāt tadbhedānāmapi nigrahasthānatvaṃ nirastam .
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te ca dvāviṃśatirbhavanti . tadyathā--1 pratijñāhāniḥ, 2 pratijñāntaram, 3 pratijñāvirodhaḥ, 4 pratijñāsaṃnyāsaḥ, 5 hetvantaram, 6 arthāntaram, 7 nirarthakam, 8 avijñātārtham, 9 apārthakam, 10 aprāptakālam, 11 nyūnam, 12 adhikam, 13 punaruktam, 14 ananubhāṣaṇam, 15 ajñānam, 16 apratibhā, 17 vikṣepaḥ, 18 matānujñā, 19 paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam, 20 niranuyojyānuyogaḥ, 21 apasiddhāntaḥ, 22 hetvābhāsāśceti . atrānanubhāṣaṇamajñānamapratibhā vikṣepaḥ paryanuyojyopekṣaṇamityapratipattiprakārāḥ . śeṣā vipratipattibhedāḥ .
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tatra pratijñāhānerlakṣaṇam--pratidṛṣṭāntadharmānujñā svadṛṣṭānte pratijñā hāniḥ nyāyasū॰ 5. 2. 2. iti sūtram . asya bhāsyakārīyaṃ vyākhyānam--sādhyadharmapratyanīkena dharmeṇa pratyavasthitaḥ pratidṛṣṭāntadharmaṃ svadṛṣṭānte'nujānan pratijñāṃ jahātīti pratijñāhāniḥ . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ aindriyakatvād ghaṭavadityukte paraḥ pratyavatiṣṭhate--sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ kasmānna tathā śabdo'pītyevaṃ svaprayuktahetorābhāsatāmavasyannapi kathāvasānamakṛtvā pratijñātyāgaṃ karoti-yadyaindriyakaṃ sāmānyaṃ nityam, kāmaṃ ghaṭo'pi nityo'stviti . sa khalvayaṃ sādhanasya dṛṣṭāntasya nityatvaṃ prasajan nigamanāntameva pakṣaṃ jahāti . pakṣaṃ ca parityajan pratijñāṃ jahātītyucyate pratijñāśrayatvāt pakṣasyetinyāyabhā॰ 5. 2. 2 . tadetadasaṅgatameva, sākṣād dṛṣṭāntahānirūpatvāt tasyāḥ tatraiva dharmaparityāgāt . paramparayā tu hetūpanayanigamanānāmapi tyāgaḥ, dṛṣṭāntāsādhutve teṣāmapyasādhutvāt . tathā ca pratijñāhānirevetyasaṅgatameva . vārttikakārastu vyācaṣṭe--dṛṣṭaścāsāvante sthitatvādantaśceti dṛṣṭāntaḥ pakṣaḥ . svadṛṣṭāntaḥ svapakṣaḥ . pratidṛṣṭāntaḥ pratipakṣaḥ . pratipakṣasya dharmaṃ svapakṣe'bhyanujānan pratijñāṃ jahāti-yadi sāmānyamaindriyakam nityaṃ śabdo'pyevamastviti nyāyavā॰ 5. 2. 2 . tadetadapi vyākhyānamasaṅgatam, itthameva pratijñāhāneravadhārayitumaśakyatvāt . na khalu pratipakṣasya dharmaṃ svapakṣe'bhyanujānata eva pratijñātyāgo yenāyameka eva prakāraḥ pratijñāhānau syāt, adhikṣepādibhirākulībhāvāt prakṛtyā sabhābhīrutvādanyamanaskatvādervā nimittāt kiñcit sādhyatvena pratijñāya tadviparītaṃ pratijānānasyāpyupalambhāt puruṣabhrānteranekakāraṇakatvopapatteriti 1 .
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pratijñātārthapratiṣedhe pareṇa kṛte tatraiva dharmiṇi dharmāntaraṃ sādhanīyamabhidadhataḥ pratijñāntaraṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . anityaḥ śabdaḥ aindriyakatvādityukte tathaiva sāmānyena vyabhicāre nodite yadi brūyāt--yuktaṃ sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ nityaṃ taddhi sarvagatamasarvagatastu śabda iti . so'yam anityaḥ śabdaḥ iti pūrvapratijñātaḥ pratijñāntaram asarvagataḥ śabdaḥ iti kurvan pratijñāntareṇa nigṛhīto bhavati . etadapi pratijñāhānivanna yuktam, tasyāpyanekanimittatvopapatteḥ . pratijñāhānitaścāsya kathaṃ bhedaḥ, pakṣatyāgasyobhayatrāviśeṣāt ? . yathaiva hi pratidṛṣṭāntadharmasya svadṛṣṭānte'bhyanujñānāt pakṣatyāgastathā pratijñāntarādapi . yathā ca svapakṣasiddhyarthaṃ pratijñāntaraṃ vidhīyate tathā śabdānityatvasiddhyarthaṃ bhrāntivaśāt tadvacchabdo'pi nityo'stu ityanujñānam, yathā cābhrāntasyedaṃ viruddhyate tathā pratijñāntaramapi . nimittabhedācca tadbhede aniṣṭanigrahasthānāntarāṇāmapyanuṣaṅgaḥ syāt . teṣāṃ ca tatrāntarbhāve pratijñāntarasyāpi pratijñāhānāvantarbhāvaḥ syāditi 2 .
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pratijñāhetvorvirodhaḥ pratijñāvirodhaḥnyāyasū॰ 5. 2. 4 nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . yathā guṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyaṃ rūpādibhyo'rthāntarasyānupalabdheriti . so'yaṃ pratijñāhetvorvirodhaḥ--yadi guṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyaṃ kathaṃ rūpādibhyo'rthāntarasyānupalabdhiḥ ?, atha rūpādibhyo'rthāntarasyānupalabdhiḥ kathaṃ guṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyamiti ?, tadayaṃ pratijñāviruddhābhidhānāt parājīyate . tadetadasaṅgatam . yato hetunā pratijñāyāḥ pratijñātve niraste prakārāntarataḥ pratijñāhānireveyamuktā syāt, hetudoṣo vā viruddhatālakṣaṇaḥ, na pratijñādoṣa iti 3 .
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pakṣasādhane pareṇa dūṣite taduddharaṇāśaktyā pratijñāmeva nihnuvānasya pratijñāsaṃnyāso nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ aindriyakatvādityukte tathaiva sāmānyenānaikāntikatāyāmudbhāvitāyāṃ yadi brūyāt--ka evamāha--anityaḥ śabda iti--sa pratijñāsaṃnyāsāt parājito bhavatīti . etadapi pratijñāhānito na bhidyate, hetoranaikāntikatvopalambhenātrāpi pratijñāyāḥ parityāgāviśeṣāt 4 .
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aviśeṣābhihite hetau pratiṣiddhe tadviśeṣaṇamabhidadhato hetvantaraṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . tasminneva prayoge tathaiva sāmānyasya vyabhicāreṇa dūṣite--jātimattve sati ityādiviśeṣaṇamupādadāno hetvantareṇa nigṛhīto bhavati . idamapyatiprasṛtam, yato'viśeṣokte dṛṣṭānte upanaye nigamane vā pratiṣiddhe viśeṣamicchato dṛṣṭāntādyantaramapi nigrahasthānāntaramanuṣajyeta, tatrāpyākṣepasamādhānānāṃ samānatvāditi 5 .
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prakṛtādarthādarthāntaraṃ tadanaupayikamabhidadhato'rthāntaraṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ . kṛtakatvāditi hetuḥ . heturiti hinoterdhātostupratyaye kṛdantaṃ padam . padaṃ ca nāmākhyātanipātopasargā iti prastutya nāmādīni vyācakṣāṇo'rthāntareṇa nigṛhyate . etadapyarthāntaraṃ nigrahasthānaṃ samarthe sādhane dūṣaṇe vā prokte nigrahāya kalpeta, asamarthe vā ? . na tāvatsamarthe; svasādhyaṃ prasādhya nṛtyato'pi doṣābhāvāllokavat . asamarthe'pi prativādinaḥ pakṣasiddhau tat nigrahāya syādasiddhau vā ? . prathamapakṣe tatpakṣasiddherevāsya nigraho na tvato nigrahasthānāt . dvitīyapakṣe'pyato na nigrahaḥ, pakṣasiddherubhayorapyabhāvāditi 6 .
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abhidheyarahitavarṇānupūrvīprayogamātraṃ nirarthakaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ kacaṭatapānāṃ gajaḍadabatvād ghajhaḍhadhabhavaditi . etadapi sarvathārthaśūnyatvānnigrahāya kalpeta, sādhyānupayogādvā ? . tatrādyavikalpo'yuktaḥ, sarvathārthaśūnyaśabdasyaivāsambhavāt, varṇakramanirdeśasyāpyanukāryeṇārthenārthavattvopapatteḥ . dvitīyavikalpe tu sarvameva nigrahasthānaṃ nirarthakaṃ syāt sādhyasiddhāvanupayogitvāviśeṣāt . kiñcidviśeṣamātreṇa bhede vā khāṭkṛta-hastāsphālana-kakṣāpiṭṭitāderapi sādhyānupayogino nigrahasthānāntaratvānuṣaṅga iti 7 .
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yat sādhanavākyaṃ dūṣaṇavākyaṃ vā trirabhihitamapi pariṣatprativādibhyāṃ boddhuṃ na śakyate tat avijñātārthaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . atredamucyate--vādinā trirabhihitamapi vākyaṃ pariṣatprativādibhyāṃ mandamatitvādavijñātam, gūḍhābhidhānato vā, drutoccārādvā ? . prathamapakṣe satsādhanavādino'pyetannigrahasthānaṃ syāt, tatrāpyanayormandamatitvenāvijñātatvasambhavāt . dvitīyapakṣe tu patravākyaprayoge'pi tatprasaṅgaḥ, gūḍhābhidhānatayā pariṣatprativādinormahāprājñayorapyavijñātatvopalambhāt . athābhyāmavijñātamapyetat vādī vyācaṣṭe; gūḍhopanyāsamapyātmanaḥ sa eva vyācaṣṭām, avyākhyāne tu jayābhāva evāsya, na punarnigrahaḥ, parasya pakṣasiddherabhāvāt . drutoccārepyanayoḥ kathañcit jñānaṃ sambhavatyeva, siddhāntadvayaveditvāt . sādhyānupayogini tu vādinaḥ pralāpamātre tayoravijñānaṃ nāvijñātārthaṃ varṇakramanirdeśavat . tato nedamavijñātārthaṃ nirarthakādbhidyata iti 8 .
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pūrvāparāsaṅgatapadasamūhaprayogādapratiṣṭhitavākyārthamapārthakaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . yathā daśa dāḍimāni ṣaḍapūpā ityādi . etadapi nirarthakānna bhidyate . yathaiva hi gajaḍadabādau varṇānāṃ nairarthakyaṃ tathātra padānāmiti . yadi punaḥ padanairarthakyaṃ varṇanairarthakyādanyatvānnigrahasthānāntaraṃ tarhi vākyanairarthakyasyāpyābhyāmanyatvānnigrahasthānāntaratvaṃ syāt padavatpaurvāparyeṇā'prayujyamānānāṃ vākyānāmapyanekadhopalabhyāt-śaṅkhaḥ kadalyāṃ kadalī ca bheryāṃ tasyāṃ ca bheryāṃ sumahadvimānam . tacchaṅkhabherīkadalīvimānamunmattagaṅgapratimaṃ babhūva .. ityādivat .
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yadi punaḥ padanairarthakyameva vākyanairarthakyaṃ padasamudāyātmakatvāt tasya; tarhi varṇanairarthakyameva padanairarthakyaṃ syāt varṇasamudāyātmakatvāt tasya . varṇānāṃ sarvatra nirarthakatvāt padasyāpi tatprasaṅgaścet; tarhi padasyāpi nirarthakatvāt tatsamudāyātmano vākyasyāpi nairarthakyānuṣaṅgaḥ . padasyārthavattvena padārthāpekṣayā; varṇārthāpekṣayā varṇasyāpi tadastu prakṛtipratyayādivat; na khalu prakṛtiḥ kevalā padaṃ pratyayo vā . nāpyanayoranarthakatvam . abhivyaktārthābhāvādanarthakatve; padasyāpi tat syāt . yathaiva hi prakṛtyarthaḥ pratyayenābhivyajyate pratyayārthaśca prakṛtyā tayoḥ kevalayoraprayogāt tathā devadattastiṣṭhatītyādiprayogesyādyantapadārthasya tyādyantapadārthasya ca styādyantapadenābhivyakteḥ kevalasyāprayogaḥ . padāntarāpekṣasya padasya sārthakatvaṃ prakṛtyapekṣasya pratyayasya tadapekṣasya ca prakṛtyādivarṇasya samānamiti 9 .
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pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayanigamanavacanakramamullaṅghyāvayavaviparyāsena prayujyamānamanumānavākyamaprāptakālaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati, svapratipattivat parapratipatterjanane parārthānumāne kramasyāpyaṅgatvāt . etadapyapeśalam, prekṣāvatāṃ pratipattṝṇāmavayavakramaniyamaṃ vināpyarthapratipattyupalambhāt . nanu yathāpaśabdācchrutācchabdasmaraṇaṃ tato'rthapratyaya iti śabdādevārthapratyayaḥ paramparayā tathā pratijñādyavayavavyutkramāt tatkramasmaraṇaṃ tato vākyārthapratyayo na punastadvyutkramāt; ityapyasāram, evaṃvidhapratītyabhāvāt . yasmāddhi śabdāduccaritāt yatrārthe pratītiḥ sa eva tasya vācako nānyaḥ, anyathā śabdāttatkramāccāpaśabde tadvyatikrame ca smaraṇaṃ tato'rthapratītirityapi vaktuṃ śakyeta . evaṃ śabdānvākhyānavaiyarthyamiti cet; naivam, vādino'niṣṭamātrāpādanāt apaśabde'pi cānvākhyānasyopalambhāt . saṃskṛtācchabdātsatyāt dharmo'nyasmādadharma iti niyame cānyadharmādharmopāyānuṣṭhānavaiyarthyaṃ dharmādharmayoścāpratiniyamaprasaṅgaḥ, adhārmike ca dhārmike ca tacchabdopalambhāt . bhavatu vā tatkramādarthapratītistathāpyarthapratyayaḥ krameṇa sthito yena vākyena vyutkramyate tannirarthakaṃ na tvaprāptakālamiti 10 .
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pañcāvayave vākye prayoktavye tadanyatamenāpyavayavena hīnaṃ nyūnaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati, sādhanābhāve sādhyasiddherabhāvāt, pratijñādīnāṃ ca pañcānāmapi sādhanatvāt; ityapyasamīcīnam, pañcāvayavaprayogamantareṇāpi sādhyasiddherabhidhānāt pratijñāhetuprayogamantareṇaiva tatsiddherabhāvāt . atastaddhīnameva nyūnaṃ nigrahasthānamiti 11 .
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ekenaiva hetunodāharaṇena vā pratipādite'rthe hetvantaramudāharaṇāntaraṃ vā vadato'dhikaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati niṣprayojanābhidhānāt . etadapyayuktam, tathā vidhādvākyāt pakṣasiddhau parājayāyogāt . kathaṃ caivaṃ pramāṇasaṃplavo'bhyupagamyate ? . abhyupagame vā'dhikannigrahāya jāyeta . pratipattidārḍhyasaṃvādasiddhiprayojanasadbhāvānna nigrahaḥ; ityanyatrāpi samānam, hetunodāharaṇena caikena prasādhite'pyarthe dvitīyasya hetorudāharaṇasya vā nānarthakyam, tatprayojanasadbhāvāt . na caivamanavasthā, kasyacit kvacinnirākāṅkṣatopapatteḥ pramāṇāntaravat . kathaṃ cāsya kṛtakatvādau svārthikakapratyayasya vacanam, yatkṛtakaṃ tadanityamiti vyāptau yattadvacanam, vṛttipadaprayogādeva cārthapratipattau vākyaprayogaḥ adhikatvānnigrahasthānaṃ na syāt ? . tathāvidhasyāpyasya pratipattiviśeṣopāyatvāttanneti cet; kathamanekasya hetorudāharaṇasya vā tadupāyabhūtasya vacanaṃ nigrahādhikaraṇam ? . nirarthakasya tu vacanaṃ nirarthakatvādeva nigrahasthānaṃ nādhikatvāditi 12 .
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śabdārthayoḥ punarvacanaṃ punaruktaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavatyanyatrānuvādāt . śabdapunaruktaṃ nāma yatra sa eva śabdaḥ punaruccāryate . yathā anityaḥ śabdaḥ anityaḥ śabda iti . arthapunaruktaṃ tu yatra so'rthaḥ prathamamanyena śabdenoktaḥ punaḥ paryāyāntareṇocyate . yathā anityaḥ śabdo vināśī dhvaniriti . anuvāde tu paunaruktyamadoṣo yathā-hetvapadeśāt pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanam nyāyasū॰ 1. 1. 39 iti . atrārthapunaruktamevānupapannaṃ na śabdapunaruktam, arthabhedena śabdasāmye'pyasyāsambhavāt yathā-hasati hasati svāminyuccairudatyatiroditi, kṛtaparikaraṃ svedodgāri pradhāvati dhābati . guṇasamuditaṃ doṣāpetaṃ praṇindati nindati, dhanalavaparikrītaṃ yantraṃ pranṛtyati nṛtyati ..--vādanyāyaḥ pṛ॰ 111 ityādi . tataḥ spaṣṭārthavācakaistairevānyairvā śabdaiḥ sabhyāḥ pratipādanīyāḥ . tadapratipādakaśabdānāṃ tu sakṛt punaḥ punarvābhidhānaṃ nirarthakaṃ na tu punaruktamiti . yadapi arthādāpannasya svaśabdena punarvacanaṃ punaruktamuktaṃ yathā asatsu megheṣu vṛṣṭirna bhavatītyukte arthādāpadyate satsu bhavatīti tat kaṇṭhena kathyamānaṃ punaruktaṃ bhavati, arthagatyarthe hi śabdaprayoge pratīte'rthe kiṃ teneti ? . etadapi pratipannārthapratipādakatvena vaiyarthyānnigrahasthānaṃ nānyathā . tathā cedaṃ nirarthakānna viśiṣyeteti 13 .
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parṣadā viditasya vādinā trirabhihitasyāpi yadapratyuccāraṇaṃ tadananubhāṣaṇaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati, apratyuccārayat kimāśrayaṃ dūṣaṇamabhidadhatīti . atrāpi kiṃ sarvasya vādinoktasyānanubhāṣaṇam uta yannāntarīyikā sādhyasiddhistasyeti ? . tatrādyaḥ pakṣo'yuktaḥ, paroktamaśeṣamapratyuccārayato'pi dūṣaṇavacanāvyāghātāt . yathā sarvamanityaṃ sattvādityukte--sattvādityayaṃ heturviruddha iti hetumevoccārya viruddhatodbhāvyate--kṣaṇa kṣayādyekānte sarvathārthakriyāvirodhāt sattvānupapatteriti ca samarthyate . tāvatā ca paroktahetordūṣaṇātkimanyoccāraṇena ? . ato yannāntarīyikā sādhyasiddhistasyaivāpratyuccāraṇamananubhāṣaṇaṃ pratipattavyam . athaivaṃ dūṣayitumasamarthaḥ śāstrārthaparijñānaviśeṣavikalatvāt; tadāyamuttarāpratipattereva tiraskriyate na punarananubhāṣaṇāditi 14 .
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parṣadā vijñātasyāpi vādivākyārthasya prativādino yadajñānaṃ tadajñānaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . aviditottaraviṣayo hi kvottaraṃ brūyāt ? . na cānanubhāṣaṇamevedam, jñāte'pi vastunyanubhāṣaṇāsāmarthyadarśanāt . etadapyasāmpratam, pratijñāhānyādinigrahasthānānāṃ bhedābhāvānuṣaṅgāt, tatrāpyajñānasyaiva sambhavāt . teṣāṃ tatprabhedatve vā nigrahasthānapratiniyamābhāvaprasaṅgaḥ, paroktasyā'rdhā'jñānādibhedena nigrahasthānānekatvaprasaṅgāt 15 .
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parapakṣe gṛhīte'pyanubhāṣite'pi tasminnuttarāpratipattirapratibhā nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . eṣāpyajñānānna bhidyate 16 .
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kāryavyāsaṅgāt kathāvicchedo vikṣepaḥnyāyasū॰ 5. 2. 19 nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . siṣādhayiṣitasyārthasyāśakyasādhanatāmavasāya kathāṃ vicchinatti-idaṃ me karaṇīyaṃ parihīyate, pīnasena kaṇṭha uparuddhaḥ ityādyabhidhāya kathāṃ vicchindan vikṣepeṇa parājīyate . etadapyajñānato nārthāntaramiti 17 .
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svapakṣe parāpāditadoṣamanuddhṛtya tameva parapakṣe pratīpamāpādayato matānujñā nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . cauro bhavān puruṣatvāt prasiddhacauravadityukte--bhavānapi coraḥ puruṣatvāditi bruvannātmanaḥ parāpāditaṃ cauratvadoṣamabhyupagatavān bhavatīti matānujñayā nigṛhyate . idamapyajñānānna bhidyate . anaikāntikatā vātra hetoḥ; sa hyātmīyahetorātmanaivānaikāntikatāṃ dṛṣṭvā prāha--bhavatpakṣe'pyayaṃ doṣaḥ samānastvamapi puruṣo'sītyanaikāntikatvamevodbhāvayatīti 18 .
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nigrahaprāptasyānigrahaḥ paryanuyojyopekṣaṇaṃ nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . paryanuyojyo nāma nigrahopapattyāvaśyaṃ nodanīyaḥ idaṃ te nigrahasthānamupanatamato nigṛhīto'si ityevaṃ vacanīyastamupekṣya na nigṛhṇāti yaḥ sa paryanuyojyopekṣaṇena nigṛhyate . etacca kasya nigrahaḥ ityanuyuktayā pariṣadodbhāvanīyaṃ na tvasāvātmano doṣaṃ vivṛṇuyāt ahaṃ nigrāhyastvayopekṣitaḥ iti . etadapyajñānānna bhidyate 19 .
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anigrahasthāne nigrahasthānānuyogo niranuyojyānuyogaḥ nyāyasū॰ 5. 2. 22 nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . upapannavādinamapramādinamanigrahārhamapi nigṛhīto'si iti yo brūyātsa evābhūtadoṣodbhāvanānnigṛhyate . etadapi nājñānādvyatiricyate 20 .
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siddhāntamabhyupetyāniyamātkathāprasaṅgo'pasiddhāntaḥnyāyasū॰ 5. 2. 23 nāma nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati . yaḥ prathamaṃ kañcit siddhāntamabhyupagamya kathāmupakramate . tatra ca siṣādhayiṣitārthasādhanāya paropālambhāya vā siddhāntaviruddhamabhidhatte so'pasiddhāntena nigṛhyate . etadapi prativādinaḥ pratipakṣasādhane satyeva nigrahasthānaṃ nānyatheti 21 .
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hetvābhāsāśca yathoktāḥnyāyasū॰ 5. 2. 24 asiddhaviruddhādayo nigrahasthānam . atrāpi viruddhahetūdbhāvanena pratipakṣasiddhernigrahādhikaraṇatvaṃ yuktam, asiddhādyudbhāvane tu prativādinā pratipakṣasādhane kṛte tadyuktaṃ nānyatheti 22 .. 34 ..
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tadevamakṣapādopadiṣṭaṃ parājayādhikaraṇaṃ parīkṣya saugatāgamitaṃ tat parīkṣyate--
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svapakṣasyāsiddhireva parājayo na asādhanāṅgavacanam adoṣodbhāvanam ca . yathāha dharmakīrttiḥ-asādhanāṅgavacanamadoṣodbhāvanaṃ dvayoḥ . nigrahasthānamanyattu na yuktamiti neṣyate ..--vādanyāyaḥ kā॰ 1
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atra hi svapakṣaṃ sādhayan asādhayan vā vādiprativādinoranyataro'sādhanāṅgavacanādadoṣodbhāvanādvā paraṃ nigṛhṇāti ? . prathamapakṣe svapakṣasiddhyaivāsya parājayādanyodbhāvanaṃ vyartham . dvitīyapakṣe asādhanāṅgavacanādyudbhāvanepi na kasyacijjayaḥ, pakṣasiddherubhayorabhāvāt .
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yaccāsya vyākhyānam--sādhanaṃ siddhistadaṅgaṃ trirūpaṃ liṅgaṃ tasyāvacanam-tūṣṇīmbhāvo yatkiñcidbhāṣaṇaṃ vā, sādhanasya vā trirūpaliṅgasyāṅgaṃ samarthanaṃ vipakṣe bādhakapramāṇopadarśanarūpaṃ tasyāvacanaṃ vādino nigrahasthānamiti--tat pañcāvayavaprayogavādino'pi samānam . śakyaṃ hi tenāpyevaṃ vaktuṃ siddhyaṅgasya pañcāvayavaprayogasyāvacanāt saugatasya vādino nigrahaḥ . nanu cāsya tadavacane'pi na nigrahaḥ, pratijñānigamanayoḥ pakṣadharmopasaṃhārasāmarthyena gamyamānatvāt, gamyamānayośca vacane punaruktatvānuṣaṅgāt, tatprayoge'pi hetuprayogamantareṇa sādhyārthāprasiddheḥ; ityapyasat, pakṣadharmopasaṃhārasyāpyevamavacanānuṣaṅgāt . atha sāmarthyādgamyamānasyāpi yat sat tat sarvaṃ kṣaṇikaṃ yathā ghaṭaḥ, saṃśca śabda iti pakṣadharmopasaṃhārasya vacanaṃ hetorapakṣadharmatvenā siddhatvavyavacchedārtham; tarhi sādhyādhārasandehāpanodārthaṃ gamyamānāyā api pratijñāyāḥ, pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayānāmekārthatvapradarśanārthaṃ nigamanasya vacanaṃ kiṃ na syāt ? . nahi pratijñādīnāmekārthatvopadarśanamantareṇa saṅgatatvaṃ ghaṭate, bhinnaviṣayapratijñādivat . nanu pratijñātaḥ sādhyasiddhau hetvādivacanamanarthakameva syāt, anyathā nāsyāḥ sādhanāṅgateti cet; tarhi bhavato'pi hetutaḥ sādhyasiddhau dṛṣṭānto'narthakaḥ syāt, anyathā nāsya sādhanāṅgateti samānam . nanu sādhyasādhanayorvyāptipradarśanārthatvāt nānarthako dṛṣṭāntaḥ, tatra tadapradarśane hetoragamakatvāt; ityapyayuktam, sarvānityatvasādhane sattvāderdṛṣṭāntāsambhavato'gamakatvānuṣaṅgāt . vipakṣavyāvṛttyā sattvādergamakatve vā sarvatrāpi hetau tathaiva gamakatvaprasaṅgāt dṛṣṭānto'narthaka eva syāt . vipakṣavyāvṛttyā ca hetuṃ samarthayan kathaṃ pratijñāṃ pratikṣipet ? . tasyāścānabhidhāne kva hetuḥ sādhyaṃ vā vartate ? . gamyamāne pratijñāviṣaya eveti cet; tarhi gamyamānasyaiva hetorapi samarthanaṃ syānna tūktasya . atha gamyamānasyāpi hetormandamatipratipattyarthaṃ vacanam; tathā pratijñāvacane ko'paritoṣaḥ ? .
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yaccedamasādhanāṅgamityasya vyākhyānāntaram--sādharmyeṇa hetorvacane vaidharmyavacanam, vaidharmyeṇa ca prayoge sādharmyavacanaṃ gamyamānatvāt punaruktamato na sādhanāṅgam; ityapyasāmpratam, yataḥ samyaksādhanasāmarthyena svapakṣaṃ sādhayato vādino nigrahaḥ syāt, asādhayato vā ? . prathamapakṣe na sādhyasiddhyapratibandhivacanādhikyopālambhamātreṇāsya nigrahaḥ, avirodhāt . nanvevaṃ nāṭakādighoṣaṇato'pyasya nigraho na syāt; satyametat, svasādhyaṃ prasādhya nṛtyato'pi doṣābhāvāllokavat, anyathā tāmbūlabhakṣaṇabhrūkṣepa-khāṭkṛta-hastāsphālanādibhyo'pi satyasādhanavādino'pi nigrahaḥ syāt . atha svapakṣamaprasādhayato'sya tato nigrahaḥ; nanvatrāpi kiṃ prativādinā svapakṣe sādhite vādino vacanādhikyopālambho nigraho lakṣyeta, asādhite vā ? . prathamapakṣe svapakṣasiddhyaivāsya nigrahādvacanādhikyodbhāvanamanarthakam, tasmin satyapi pakṣasiddhimantareṇa jayāyogāt . dvitīyapakṣe tu yugapadvādiprativādinoḥ parājayaprasaṅgo jayaprasaṅgo vā syāt, svapakṣasiddherabhāvāviśeṣāt .
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- Pramāṇamīmāṃsā — Hemacandra, Sanskrit