Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 1: prathamāhnikam

Nyāyabhāṣya (complete text) 1

Language: Sanskrit

1.2 — 2 parts
1.1 — 1 part
1.2-2 — 2 parts
1.3 — 3 parts
1.4 — 10 parts
1.4-2 — 7 parts
1.6 — 4 parts
1.7 — 2 parts
1.9 — 2 parts
1.9-2 — 2 parts
1.11 — 1 part
1.14-2 — 2 parts
1.15-2 — 2 parts
1.17-2 — 2 parts
1.18 — 2 parts
1.22 — 17 parts
1.23 — 6 parts
1.25 — 2 parts
1.28-2 — 3 parts
1.29 — 2 parts
1.35-2 — 2 parts
1.37 — 2 parts
1.39 — 6 parts
1.40 — 4 parts
1.41 — 3 parts
1.41-2 — 1 part

prathamāhnikam

pramāṇato'rthapratipattau pravuttisāmathyadirthavat pramāṇam| pramāṇamantareṇa nārthapratipattiḥ| nārthapratipattimantareṇa pravṛttisāmartham| pramāṇena khalvayaṃ jñātārthamupalabhya tamīpsati va jihāsati vā| tasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya samīhā pravṛttirityucyate| sāmarthya punarasyāḥ phalenābhisambandhaḥ| samīhamānasvamarthamabhīpsan jihāsan vā tamarthamāpnāti jahāti vā| arthastu sukhaṃ sukhahetuśca| so'yaṃ pramāṇārtho'parisaṃkhyeyaḥ, prāṇabhṛdbhedasyāparisaṃkhyetvāt|

1.p3

arthavati ca pramāṇe pramātā prameyaṃ pramitirityarthavanti bhavanti| kasmāt ? anyatamāpāye'rthasyānupapatteḥ|

1.p4

tatra yasyepsājihāsāprayuktasya pravṛttiḥ, sa pramātā| sa yenārtha pramiṇoti vijānāti tatpramāṇam| yo'rthaḥ pramīyate jñāyate tatprameyam|

1.p5

kiṃ punastatvam ? sataśca sadbhāvo'sataścāsadbhāva iti| satsaditi gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtamaviparītaṃ tatvaṃ bhavati| asaccāsaditi gṛhyamāṇaṃ yathābhūtamaviparītaṃ tacvaṃ bhavati| kathaṃ punaruttarasya pramāṇenopalabdhiriti ?

1.p6

satyupalabhyamāne tadvadanupalabdheḥ pradīpavat| yathā darśakena pradīpena dṛśye guhyamāṇe tadiva yanna gṛhyate tatrāsti|

1.p7

yadyabhaviṣyadidamiva vyajñāsyatae vijñānābhāvānnāstīti| tadevaṃ sataḥ prakāśakaṃ pramāṇamasadapi prakāśayatīti| sacca khalu ṣoḍaśadhā vyūḍhamupadekṣyate| tāsāṃ khalvāsāṃ sadvidhānām ---

1.p8

pramāṇaprameyasaṃśayaprayojanadṛṣṭāntasiddhāntāvayavatarkanirṇayavādajalpavitaṇḍāhetvābhāsacchulajātinigrahasthānānāṃ tattvajñānānniḥ-

1.p9

śreyasādhigamaḥ||1|1|1||

1.p10

1.p11

ātmādeḥ khalu prameyasya tatvajñānātriḥśreyasādhigamaḥ taccaiduttarasūtreṇānūdyate| heyaṃ tasya nirvartakaṃ hānamātyantikaṃ tasyopāyo'dhigantavya ityetāni khalu catvāryarthapadāni samyagbuddhvā niḥśreyasamadhigacchati|

1.p12

tatra saśayādīnāṃ pṛthagvacanamarthakame saṃśayādayo hi yathāsambhavaṃ pramāṇeṣu prameyeṣu cāntarbhavanto na vyatiraccinta iti| satyamevametat, imāstu catastro vidyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ prāṇabhṛtāmanugrahāyopadiśyante, yāsāṃ caturrthāyamānvīkṣikī nyāyavidyā| tasyāḥ pṛthakprasthānāḥ saṃśayādayaḥ padārthāḥ| teṣā pṛthagvacanamantareṇādhyātmavidyāmātramiyaṃ syāt, yathopaniṣadaḥ| tasmāt saṃśayādibhiḥ padārthaiḥ pṛthak prasthāpyate|

1.p13

tatra nānupalabdhe na niṇaute'rtheḥ pravarttate| ki tarhi ? saṃśayite'rthe| tathācoktam,

1.p14

vimṛśya pakṣapratipakṣābhyāmarthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ|| (1.1 . 41) iti| vimarśaḥ saṃśayaḥ| pakṣapratipakṣau nyāyapravṛttiḥ| arthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayastatvajñānamiti| sa cāyaṃ kiṃkhiditi vastuvimarśamātramanavadhāraṇaṃ jñānaṃ saṃśayaḥ| sa ca prameye'ntabhavannevamartha pṛthagucyate iti|

1.p15

artha prayojanam, yena prayuktaḥ pravartate tat prayojanam, yamarthamabhopsan jihāsan vā karmārabhate| tenānena sarve prāṇinaḥsarvāṇi karmāṇi sarvāśca vidyā vyāptāḥ| tadāśrayaśca nyāyaḥ pravartate| kaḥ nunarayaṃ nyāyaḥ? pramāṇairarthaparīkṣaṇam| pratyakṣāgamāśritaṃ cānumanam| sānvīkṣā| pratyakṣāgamābhyāmīkṣitasyārthasyānvīkṣaṇamanvīkṣā| tayā pravartata ityānvīkṣakī nyāyavidyā nyāyaśāstram| yatpunaranumānaṃ pratyakṣāgamaviruddha nyāyābhāsaḥ sa iti|

1.p16

tatra vādajalpau saprayojanau, vitaṇḍā tu parikṣyate| vitaṇḍayā pravatāmāno vaitaṇḍikaḥ| sa prayojanamanuyukto yadi pratipadyate, so'sya pakṣāḥ so'sya siddhānta iti vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti| atha na pratipadyate nāyaṃ laukiko na parīkṣaka ityāpadyate|

1.p17

athāpi parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanaṃ bravīti, etadapi tādṛgeva| yo jñāpayati, yo jānāti, yena jñāpayate, yacca jñāpyate-etacca pratipadyate cadi, tadā vaitaṇḍikatvaṃ jahāti| atha na pratipadyate, parapakṣapratiṣedhajñāpanaṃ prayojanamityetadasya vākyamanarthakaṃ bhavati|

1.p18

vākyasamūhaśca sthāpanāhīno vitaṇḍā| tasya yadyabhidheyaṃ pratipadhate so'sya pakṣāḥ sthāpanīyo bhavati|atha na pratipadyate pralāpamātramanarthakaṃ bhavati, vitaṇḍatvaṃ nivartata iti|

1.p19

1.p20

niruktena ca dṛṣṭāntena śakyamabhidhātum,

1.p21

sādhyasādharmyāt taddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭāṃnta udāharaṇam|| ( 1.1.36 )

1.p22

tadviparyayād vā viparītam || ( 1.1.37 )

1.p23

iti

1.p24

astyayamityabhyanujñāyamāno'rthaḥ siddhāntaḥ| sa ca prameyam| tasya pṛthagvacanam, satsu siddhāntabhedeṣu vādajalpavitaṇḍāḥ pravartante, nātā'nyatheti|

1.p25

sādhanīyasyārthasya yāvati śabdasamūhe siddhiḥ parisamāpyate, tasya pa*cāvayavāḥ pratijñādayaḥ samūhamapekṣyāvayavā ucyante| teṣu pramāṇasamavāyaḥ| āgamaḥ pratijñā, heturanumānam, udāharaṇaṃ pratyakṣame upamānamupanayaḥ, sarveṣāmekārthasamavāye sāmarthyapradarśanaṃ nigamanamiti| tadāśrayā ca tatvavyavasthā| te caite'vayavāḥ śabdaviśeṣāḥ santaḥ prameye'ntamūtā evamartha puthagracyanta iti|

1.p26

tarko na pramāṇasaṃguhāto, na pramāṇāntaram, pramāṇānāmanugrāhakastatvajñānāya kalpate| tasyodāharam, kimidaṃ janma kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, āhosvidakṛtakena, athākasmikamiti ? evamavijñātatatve'rthe kāraṇopapatyā uhaḥ pravatāte-yadi kṛtakena hetunā nirvartyate, hetūcchedādupapanno'yaṃ janmocchadaḥ| athākṛtakena hetunā, tato henūcchedasyāśakyatvādanupapanno janmocchedaḥ| athākāsmikam, ato'kasmānnirvartyamānaṃ na punarnirvartsyatīti nivṛttikāraṇaṃ nopapadyate| tena janmānuccheda iti| etasmistarkaviṣaye karmanimitaṃ janmeti pramāṇāni pravartamānāni tarkeṇānugṛhyante| tanvajñānaviṣayasya ca vibhāgāt tatvajñānāya kalpate tarka iti| so'yamitthamabhūtastarkaḥ pramāṇasahito vāde sādhanāyopālambhāya cārthasya bhavatītyevamartha pṛthagucyate prameyāntabhūto'pīti|

1.p27

1.p28

vādaḥ khalu nānāpravaktṛkaḥ pratyadhikaraṇasādhano'nyatarādhikaraṇanirṇayāvāsāno vākyasamūhaḥ pṛthaguddiṣṭa upalakṣaṇārtham, upalakṣitena vyavahārastatvajñānāya bhavatīti|

1.p29

tadviśeṣau jalavitaṇḍe tatvādhyāvasāyasaṃrakṣaṇārthatamityaktam|

1.p30

nigrahasthānabhyaḥ pṛthaguddiṣṭa hetvābhāsāḥ, vāde caudanīyā bhaviṣyantīti| jalpavitaṇḍayostu nigrahasthānānīti|

1.p31

chalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ pṛthagupadeśa upalakṣaṇārthaḥ| upalakṣitānāṃ svāvakye parivarjanaṃ chalajātinigrahasthānānāṃ paravākye paryanuyogaḥ| jātestu pareṇapra yujyamāṇāyāḥ sulabhaḥ samādhiḥ, svayaṃ ca sukaraḥ prayoga iti|

1.2

seyamānvīkṣikī pramāṇādibhiḥ padārthairvibhajyamānā--
pradīpaḥ sarvavidyānāmupāyaḥ sarvakarmaṇām|
āśrayaḥ sarvadharmāṇāṃ vidyoddeśe prakīrtitā||
iti||
tadidaṃ tatvajñānaṃ niḥśreyasādhigamaśca yathāvidyaṃ vedatavyam| iha tvadhyātmavidyāyāmātmādijñānaṃ tatvajñānam|
niḥśreyasādhigamā'pavargaprāptiriti ||

1.2.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.2.p2

tat khalu vai niḥśreyasaṃ kiṃ tattvajñānānantarameva bhavati? netyucyate kiṃ tarhi? tattvajñānād--

1.1.1.2

duḥkhajanmapravṛttidoṣamithyājñānānāmuttarottarāpāye tadanantarābhāvādapavargaḥ ||

1.1.1.2.p1

tatrātmādyapavargaparyante prameye mithyājñānamanekaprakārakaṃ vartate| ātmani tāvannāstīti, anātmanyātmeti, duḥkhe sukhamiti, anitye nityamiti, atrāṇe trāṇamiti, sabhaye nirbhayamiti, jugupsite'bhimatamiti, hātavye apratihātavyamiti, pravṛttau nāsti karma, nāsti karmaphalamiti, doṣeṣu nāyaṃ doṣanimittaḥ saṃsāra iti| pretyabhāve nāsti janturjīvo vā sattva ātmā vā yaḥ preyāt pretya ca bhavediti, anamittaṃ janma, animitto janmoparama iti, ādimān pretyabhāvo'nantaśceti, naimittikaḥ sannakarmaṃnimittaḥ pretyabhāva iti, dehendriyabuddhivedanāsantānocchedapratisandhānābhyāṃ nirātmakaḥ pretyabhāva iti| apavarge bhīṣmaḥ khalvayaṃ sarvakāryoparamaḥ, sarvaviprayoge'pavarge bahu bhadrakaṃ lupyataṃ iti kathaṃ buddhimān sarvasukhocchedamacaitanyamamumapavargaṃ rocayediti||

1.1.1.2.p2

etasmānmithyājñānādanukūleṣu rāgaḥ, pratikūleṣu ca dveṣaḥ| rāgadveṣādhikārāccāsatyerṣyāsūyāmānalobhādayo doṣā bhavanti| doṣaiḥ prayuktaḥ śarīreṇa pravartamāno hiṃsāsteyapratiṣiddhamaithunānyācarati| vācā anṛtaparūṣasūcanāsambaddhāni| manasā paradrohaṃ paradravyābhīpsāṃ nāstikyaṃ ceti| seyaṃpāpātmikā pravṛttiradharmāya||

1.1.1.2.p3

atha śubhā, śarīreṇa dānaṃ paritrāṇaṃ paraciraṇaṃ ca| vācā satyaṃ hitaṃ priyaṃ svādhyāyaṃ ceti| manasā dayāmaspṛhāṃ śraddhāṃ ceti| seyaṃ dharmāya| atra pravattisādhanau dharmādharmau pravṛttiśabdenoktau, yathānnasādhanāḥ prāṇāḥ, annaṃ vai prāṇinaḥ prāṇāḥ iti| seyaṃ pravṛttiḥ kutsitasyābhipūjitasya ca janmanaḥ kāraṇam| janma punaḥ śarīrendriyabuddhivedanānāṃ nikāyaviśiṣṭaḥ prādurbhāvaḥ| tasmin sati duḥkham, tatpunaḥ pratikūlavedanīyaṃ bādhanā pīḍā tāpa iti| ta hame mithyājñānādayo duḥkhāntā dharmā avicchedena pravartamānāḥ saṃsāra iti||

1.1.1.2.p4

yadā tu tattvajñānānmithyājñānamapaiti, tadā mithyājñānāye doṣā apayanti| doṣāpāye pravṛttirapaiti, pravṛttyapāye janmāpaiti| janmāpāye duḥkhamapaiti| duḥkhāpāye cātyantiko'pavargo niḥśreyasamiti||

1.1.1.2.p5

tattvajñānaṃ tu khalu mithyājñānaviparyayeṇa vyākhyātam| ātmani tāvat astīti| anātmanyanātmeti| evaṃ duḥkhe'nitye'trāṇe sabhaye jugupsite hātavye ca yathāviṣayaṃ veditavyam| pravṛttau, asti karmāsti karmaphalamiti| doṣeṣa, doṣanimitto'yaṃ saṃsāra iti| pretyabhāve khalu, asti janturjovaḥ sattva ātmā vā yaḥ preyāt pretya ca bhavediti| nimittavajjanma nimittavān janmoparama iti, anādiḥ pretyabhāvo'pavargānta iti, naimittikaḥ san pretyabhāvaḥ pravṛttinimittaṃ iti| sātmkaḥ san dehendriyabuddhivedanāsantānocchedapratisandhānābhyāṃ pravartata iti| apavarge, śāntaḥ

1.2-2

khalvayaṃ sarvaviprayogaḥ sarvoparamo'pavargaḥ, bahu ca kṛcchraṃ ghora pāpakaṃ lupyata iti kathaṃ buddhimān sarvaduḥkhocchedaṃ sarvaduḥkhāsaṃvidamapavargaṃ na rocayediti| tad yathā, madhuviṣasaṃpṛktamannamanādeyamiti| evaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhānuṣaktamanādeyamiti ||

1.2-2.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.2-2.p2

trividhā cāsya śāstrasya pravṛttirūddeśo lakṣaṇaṃ parīkṣā ceti| tatra nāmadheyena padārthamātrasyābhidhānamuddeśaḥ| tatroddiṣṭasyātattvavyavacchedako dharmo lakṣaṇam| lakṣitasya yathālakṣaṇamupapadyate na veti pramāṇairavadhāraṇaṃ parīkṣā| tatroddiṣṭasya pravibhaktasya lakṣaṇamucyate, yathā pramāṇānāṃ prameyasya ca| uddiṣṭasya lakṣitasya ca vibhāgavacanam, yathā chlasya---

1.1.1.3

vacanavighāto'rthavikalpopapattyā chalam[1.1.3]
tat trividham[1.2.11]
iti|| athoddiṣṭasya vibhāgavacanam---
pratyakṣānumānopamānaśabdāḥ pramāṇāni ||

1.1.1.3.p1

akṣāsyākṣasya prativiṣayaṃ vṛttiḥ pratyakṣam| vṛttistu sannikarṣo jñānaṃ vā| yadā sannikarṣastadā jñānaṃ pramitiḥ, yadā jñānaṃ tadā hānopādānopekṣabuddhayaḥ phalam| mitena liḍgena liḍgino'rthasya paścānmānamanumānam| upamānaṃ sāmīpyamānam, yathā gaurevaṃ gavaya iti| sāmīpyaṃ tu sāmānyayogaḥ| śabdaḥ śabdyate'nenārtha ityabhidhīyate vijñāpyata iti||

1.1.1.3.p2

upalabdhisādhānāni pramāṇānīti samākhyānirvacanasāmārthyād boddhavyam| pramīyate'neneti karaṇārthābhidhāno hi pramāṇaśabdaḥ| tadviśeṣasamākhyāyā api tathaiva vyākhyānam||

1.1.1.3.p3

kiṃ punaretāni pramāṇāni prameyamabhisaṃplavante, atha pratiprameyaṃ vyavatiṣṭhanta iti? ubhayathā darśanam|

1.1.1.3.p4

astyātmetyāptopadeśāt pratīyate| atrānumānam,

1.1.1.3.p5

icchādveṣaprayatnasukhaduḥkhajñānānyātmano liṅgam|

1.1.1.3.p6

[1.1.10]iti| pratyakṣaṃ yu*jānasya yogasamādhijam,

1.1.1.3.p7

ātmānyātmamanasoḥ saṃyogapiśeṣādātmā pratyakṣaḥ|

1.1.1.3.p8

[vai.sū. 6.1.11]iti| agnirāptopadeśāt pratīyate amutrāgniriti| pratyāsīdatā dhūmadarśanenānumīyate| pratyāsannena ca pratyakṣata upalabhyate| vyavasthā punaḥ,

1.1.1.3.p9

agnihotraṃ juhuyāt svargakāmaḥ

1.1.1.3.p10

iti| laukikasya svarge na liṅgadarśanam, na pratyakṣam| stanayitnuśabde śrūyamāṇe śabdahetoranumānam| tatra na pratyakṣaṃ nāgamaḥ| pāṇau ca pratyakṣata upalabhyamāne nānumānaṃ nāgama iti||

1.3

sā ceyaṃ pramitiḥ pratyakṣaparā| jijñāsitamarthamāptopadeśāt pratipadyamāno liṅgadarśanenāpi bubhutsate| liṅgadarśanenānumitaṃ ca pratyakṣato didṛkṣate| pratyakṣata upalabdhe'rthe jijñāsā nivartate| pūrvoktamudāharaṇamagniriti|
pramātuḥ pramātavye'rthe pramāṇānāṃ saṃkaro'bhisaṃplavaḥ, asakaro vyavastheti ||

1.3.p1

|| iti trisūtrībhāṣyam||

1.3.p2

||bhāṣyam||

1.3.p3

atha vibhaktānāṃ lakṣaṇavacanamiti--

1.4

indriyāryasannikarṣotpannu jñānamavyapadeśyamavyabhicāri vyavasāyātmakaṃ pratyakṣam ||

1.4.p1

indriyasyārthena sannikarṣādutpadyate yajjñānaṃ tat pratyakṣam| na tarhiidānīmidaṃ bhavati ātmā manasā saṃyujyate, mana indriyeṇa, indriyamartheneti? nedaṃ kāraṇāvadhāraṇam--etāvatpratyakṣe kāraṇamiti, kiṃ tu viśiṣṭakāraṇavacanamiti|

1.4.p2

yatpratyakṣajñānasya viśiṣṭakāraṇaṃ taducyate, yattu samānam anumānādijñānasya, na tannivartyata iti||

1.4.p3

manasastarhīndriyeṇa saṃyogo vaktavyaḥ? bhidyamānasya pratyakṣaśrajñānasya nāyaṃ bhidyata iti samānatvānnokta iti||

1.4.p4

yāvadarthaṃ vai nāmadheyaśabdāstairarthasampratyayaḥ, arthasaṃpratyayācca vyavahāraḥ| tatredamindriyārthasannikarṣādutpannamarthajñāna rūpam iti vā, rasa ityeva vā bhavati, rūparasaśabdāśca viṣayanāmadheyam| tena vyapadiśyate jñānam--rūpamiti jānīte, rasa iti jānīte| nāmagheyaśabdena vyapadiśyamānaṃ sat śābdaṃ prasajyate|

1.4.p5

ata āha--avyapadeśyamiti| yadidamanupayukte śabdārthasambandhe arthajñānam, na tat nāmadheyaśabdena vyapadiśyate, gṛhīte'pi ca śabdārthasambandhe asyārthasyāyaṃ śabdo nāmadheyamiti| yadā tu so'rtho gṛhyate, tadā tatpūrvasmādarthajñānāt na viśiṣyate, tat arthavijñānaṃ tādṛgeva bhavati| tasya tvarthajñānasyānyaḥ samākhyāśabdo nāsti, yena pratīyamānaṃ

1.4.p6

vyavahārāya kalpet| na cāpratīyamānena vyavahāraḥ| tasmājjñeyasyārthasya saṃjñāśabdenetikaraṇayuktena nirddhiśyate--rūpamiti jñānam, rasa iti vā jñānamiti| tadevamarthajñānakāle sa na samākhyāśabdo vyāpriyate, vyavahārakāle tu vyāpriyate| tasmādaśābdam arthajñānamindriyārthasannikarṣotpannamiti||

1.4.p7

grīṣme marīcayo bhaumenoṣmaṇā saṃsṛṣṭāḥ spandamānā dūrasthasya cakṣuṣā sannikṛṣyante| tatrendriyārthasannikarṣādudakamiti jñānamutpadyate| tacca pratyakṣaṃ prasajyate ityata āha avyabhicārīti yadatasmistadati

1.4.p8

tadvyabhicāri, yattu tasmistaditi tadavyabhicāri pratyakṣamiti||

1.4.p9

dūrāccakṣuṣā hyayamarthaṃ paśyannāvadhārayati dhūma iti vā reṇuriti vā| tadetadindriyārthasannikarṣotpannamanavadhāraṇajñānaṃ pratyakṣaṃ prasajyata ityata āha--vyavasāyātmakamiti| na caitanmantavyam--ātmamanaḥ sannikarṣajamevānavadhāraṇajñānamiti| kiṃ tarhi? cakṣuṣā hyayamarthaṃ paśyannāvadhārayati, yathā cendriyeṇa upalabdhamartha manasopalabhate, evamindriyeṇānavadhārayanmanasā nāvadhārayati| yacca tadindriyānavadhāraṇapūrvakaṃ manasānavadhāraṇaṃ tadviśeṣāpekṣaṃ vimarśemātraṃ saṃśayaḥ, na pūrvamiti| sarvatra ca pratyakṣaviṣaye jñāturindriyeṇa vyavasāyaḥ, paścānmanasānuvyavasāyaḥ, upahatendriyāṇāmanuvyavasāyābhāvāditi||

1.4.p10

ātmādiṣu sukhādiṣu ca pratyakṣalakṣaṇaṃ vaktavyam, anindriyārthasannikarṣajaṃ hi taditi| indriyasya vai sato manasa indriyebhyaḥ pṛthagupadeśo dharmaṃbhedāt| bhautikānīndriyāṇi niyataviṣayāṇi, saguṇānāṃ caiṣāmindriyabhāva iti| manastvabhautikaṃ

1.4-2

sarvaviṣayaṃ ca, nāsya saguṇasyendriyabhāva iti| sati cendriyārthasannikarṣe sannidhimasannidhi cāsya yugapajjñānānutpattikāraṇaṃ vakṣyāmaḥ(1|1|16) iti| manasaścendriyābhāvānna vācyaṃ lakṣaṇāntaramiti|
tantrāntarasamācārāccaitatpratyetavyamiti| paramatamapratiṣiddhamanumatamiti hi tantrayuktiḥ| vyākhyāta1 pratyakṣam ||

1.4-2.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.4-2.p2

tatpūrvakamityanena liṅgaliḍginoḥ sambandhadarśanaṃ| liṅgadarśanaṃ cābhisaṃbadhyate| liṅgaliḍginoḥ saṃbaddhayordarśanena liṅgasmṛtirabhisaṃbadhyate| smṛtyā liṅgadarśanena cāpratyakṣo'rtho'numīyate||

1.4-2.p3

pūrvavaditi--yatra kāraṇena kāryamanumīyate, yathā medhonnatyā bhaviṣyati vṛṣṭiriti| śeṣavattat--yatra kāryeṇa kāraṇamanumīyate, pūrvodakaviparītamudakaṃ nādyāḥ pūrṇatvaṃ śīghratvaṃ dṛṣṭhvā strotaso'numīyate bhūtā vṛṣṭiriti| sāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ--vrajyāpūrvakamanyatra dṛṣṭasyānyatra darśanamiti, tathā cādityasya, tasmāt astyapratyakṣāpyādityasya vrajyeti||

1.4-2.p4

atha vā pūrvavaditi--yatra yathāpūrva pratyakṣabhūtayoranyataradarśanenānyatarasyāpratyakṣasyānumānam, yathā

1.4-2.p5

dhūmenāgniriti| śeṣavannāma pariśaṣaḥ, sa ca prasaktapratiṣedhe'nyatrāprasaḍgācchiṣyamāṇe saṃpratyayaḥ, yathā sadanityamevamādinā dravyaguṇakarmaṇāmaviśeṣeṇa sāmānyaviśeṣasamavāyebhyo nirbhaktasya śabdasya, tasmin dravyaguṇakarmasaṃśaye, na dravyam, ekadravyatvāt, na karma, śabdāntarahetutvāt, yastu śiṣyate so'yamiti śabdasya guṇatvapratipattiḥ| sāmānyatodṛṣṭaṃ nāma--yatrāpratyakṣe liṅgaliḍginoḥ sambandhe kenacidarthena liṅgasya sāmānyādapratyakṣo liḍgī gamyate, yathecchādibhirātmā, icchādayoguṇāḥ, guṇāśca dravyasaṃsthānāḥ, tadyadeṣāṃ sthānaṃ sa ātmeti||

1.4-2.p6

vibhāgavacanādeva trividhamiti siddhe trividhavacanaṃ mahato mahāviṣayasya nyāyasya laghīyasā sūtreṇopadeśāt paraṃ

1.4-2.p7

vākyalāghavaṃ manyamānasyānyasmin vākyalāghave'nādaraḥ| tathā cāyamasyetthambhūtena vākyavikalpena pravṛttaḥ siddhānte chale śabdādiṣu ca bahulaṃ samācāraḥ śāstra iti||

1.5

sadviṣayaṃ ca pratyakṣaṃ sadasadviṣayaṃ cānumānam| kasmāt? traikālyagrahaṇāt--trikālayuktā arthā anumānena gṛhyante| bhaviṣyatītyanumīyate bhavatīti cābhūditi ca| asacca khlvatītamanāgataṃ ceti ||

1.6

||bhāṣyam||
athopamānam---
prasiddhasādharmyātsādhyasādhanamupamānam ||1|1|6||
prajñātena sāmānyātprajñāpanīyasya prajñāpanamupamānamiti| yathā gaurevaṃ gavaya iti| kiṃ punaratropamānena kriyate? yadā khalvayaṃ gavā samānadharmaṃ pratidyate, tadā pratyakṣatastamarthaṃ pratidyata iti| samākhyāsambandhapratipattiḥ upamānārthaṃ ityāha| yathā gaurevaṃ gavaya ityupamāne prayukte gavā samānadharmāṇam arthamindriyārthasannikarṣādupalabhamāno'sya gavayaśabdaḥ saṃjñeti saṃjñāsajñisambandhaṃ pratipadyate iti| yathā mudgastathā mūdgaparṇī yathā bhāṣastathā māṣapaṇītyupamāne prayukte upamānātsaṃjñāsaṃjñisambandhaṃ pratipadyamānastāmoṣadhī bhaiṣajyāya āharati| evamanyo'pyupamānasya loke viṣayo bubhutsitavya iti ||

1.6.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.6.p2

atha śabdaḥ---

1.6.p3

āptopadeśaḥ śabdaḥ ||1|1|7||

1.6.p4

āptaḥ khalu sākṣātkṛtadharmā yathādṛṣṭasyārthasya cikhyāpayiṣayā prayukta upadeṣṭā| sākṣātkaraṇamarthasyāptiḥ,

1.7

tayā pravartata ityāptaḥ| ṛṣyāryamlecchānāṃ samānaṃ lakṣaṇam| tathā ca sarveṣāṃ vyavahārāḥ pravartanta iti| evamebhiḥ pramāṇairdevamanuṣyatiraścāṃ vyavahārāḥ prakalpante, nā'to'nyatheti ||

1.7.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.7.p2

yasyeha dṛśyate'rthaḥ sa dṛṣṭārthaḥ| yasyāmutra pratīyata so'dṛṣṭārthaḥ| evamṛṣilaukikavākyānāṃ vibhāga iti| kimarthaṃ punaridamucyate? sa na manyeta dṛṣṭārthaṃ evāptopadeśaḥ pramāṇam, arthasyāvadhāraṇādita, adṛṣṭārtho'pi

1.9

pramāṇamarthasyānumānāditi| iti pramāṇabhāṣyam ||8|
|| bhāṣyam||
kiṃ punaranena pramāṇenārthajātaṃ pramātavyamiti? taducyate---
ātmāśarīrendriyārthabuddhimanaḥvṛttidoṣapretyabhāva-
phaladuḥkhāpavargāsatu prameyam ||

1.9.p1

tatrātmā sarvasya draṣṭā sarvasya bhoktā sarvajñaḥ sarvānubhāvī| tasya bhogāyatanaṃ śarīram| bhogasādhanānīndriyāṇi| bhoktavyā indriyārthāḥ| bhogo buddhiḥ| sarvārthopalabdhau nendriyāṇi prabhavantīti sarvaviṣayamantaḥkaraṇa manaḥ| śarīrendriyārthabuddhisukhaduḥkhasaṃvedanānāṃ nirvṛttikāraṇaṃ pravṛttiḥ, doṣaśca| nāsyedaṃ śarīramapūrvamanuttaraṃ ca| pūrvaśarīrāṇāmādirnāsti, uttareṣāmapavargo'nta iti pretyabhāvaḥ| samādhanasukhaduḥkhopabhogaḥ phalam| duḥkhamiti nedamanukūlavedanīyasya sukhasya pratīteḥ pratyākhyānam| kiṃ tarhi? janmana evedaṃ sasukhasādhanasya duḥkhānuṣaḍgāt duḥkhenāviprayogādvividhabādhanāyogād duḥkhamiti samādhibhāvanamupadiśyate| samāhito bhāvayati,

1.9.p2

bhāvayannirvidyate, nirviṇṇasya vairāgyam, viraktasyāpavarga iti| janmamaraṇaprabandhocchedaḥ sarvaduḥkhaprahāṇamapavarga iti||

1.9-2

astyanyadapi dravyaguṇakarmasāmānyaviśeṣasamavāyāḥ prameyam, tadbhedena cāparisaḍkhyeyam| asya tu tattvajñānādapavargo mithyājñānātsaṃsāra ityata etadupadiṣṭaṃ viśeṣeṇeti ||

1.9-2.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.9-2.p2

tatrātmā tāvatpratyakṣato na gṛhyate| sa kimāptopadeśamātrādeva pratipadyata iti? netyucte| anumānācca pratipattavya iti| katham?

1.10

icchādveṣaprayatnasukhaduḥkhajñānānyātmano liṅgam ||

1.10-2

yajjātīyasyārthasya sannikarṣātsukhamātmāpalabdhavān, tajjātīyameva arthaṃ paśyannupādātumicchati, seyamādātumicchā ekasyānekārthadarśino darśanapratisandhānādbhavati liṅgamātmanaḥ| niyataviṣaye hi buddhibhedamātre na saṃbhavati, dehāntaravaditi| ekamekasyānekārthadarśino darśanapratisandhānāt duḥkhahetau dveṣaḥ| yajjātīyo'syārthaḥ sukhahetuḥ prasiddhastajjātīyamartha paśyan ādātuṃ prayatate| so'yaṃ prayatna ekamanekārthadarśinaṃ darśanapratisandhātāram anteraṇa na syāt| niyataviṣaye hi buddhibhedāmātre na saṃbhavati, dehāntaravaditi| etena duḥkhahetau prayatno vyākhyātaḥ| sukhaduḥkhasmṛtyā cāyaṃ tatsādhanamādadānaḥ sukhamupalabhate duḥkhamupalabhate, suḥkhaduḥkhe vedayate| pūrvokta eva hetuḥ| bubhutsamānaḥ khalvayaṃ vimṛśati kiṃ sviditi, vimṛśaṃśca jānīte idamiti, tadidaṃ jñānaṃ bubhutsāvimarśābhyāmabhinnakartṛkaṃ gṛhyamāṇamātmano liṅgam| pūrvokta eva heturiti| tatra dehāntaravaditi vibhajyate| yathā anātmavādino dehāntareṣu niyataviṣayā buddhibhedā na pratisandhīyante, tathaikadehaviṣayā api na pratisandhīyeran, aviśeṣāt| so'yamekasattvasya samācāraḥ svayaṃdṛṣṭasya smaraṇaṃ, nānyadṛṣṭasya, nādṛṣṭasyeti| evaṃ khalu nānāsattvānāṃ samācāro'nyadṛṣṭamanyo na smaratīti| tadetadubhayamaśakyamanātmavādinā vyavasthāpayitumityevamupapannamastyātmeti ||

1.11

||bhāṣyam||
tasya bhogādhiṣṭhānam---
ceṣṭendriyārthāśrayaḥ śarīram ||

1.11.p1

kathaṃ ceṣṭāśrayaḥ? īpsitaṃ jihāsitaṃ vārthamadhikṛtyepsājihāsāprayuktasya tadupāyānuṣṭhānalakṣaṇā samīhā ceṣṭā, sa yatra

1.11-2

vartate taccharīram| kathamindriyāśrayaḥ? yasyānugraheṇānugṛhītāni upaghāte na copahatāni svaviṣayeṣu sādhvasādhuṣu pravartante, sa eṣāmāśrayaḥ taccharīram| kathamarthāśrayaḥ? yasminnāyatane indriyārthasannikarṣādutpannayoḥ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ pratisaṃvedanaṃ pravartate, sa eṣāmāśrayaḥ taccharīramiti ||

1.12

||bhāṣyam||
bhogasādhanāni punaḥ,
ghrāṇarasanacakṣustvakśrotrāṇīndriyāṇi bhūtebhyaḥ ||

1.12-2

jighratyaneneti ghrāṇaṃ gandhaṃ gṛhṇātīti| rasayatyaneneti rasanaṃ rasaṃ gṛhṇātīti| caṣṭe'neneti cakṣū rūpaṃ paśyatīti| tvaksthānamindriyaṃ tvak| tadupacāraḥ sthānāditi| śṛṇotyaneneti śrotraṃ śabdaṃ gṛhṇātīti| evaṃ samākhyānirvacanasāmarthyādbodhyaṃ svaviṣayagrahaṇalakṣaṇānīndriyāṇīti| bhūtebhya iti| nānāprakṛtīnāmeṣāṃ satāṃ viṣayaniyamaḥ, naikaprakṛtīnām| sati ca viṣayaniyame svaviṣayagrahaṇalakṣaṇtvaṃ bhavatīti ||

1.13

||bhāṣyam||
kāni punarindriyakāraṇāni?
pṛthivyāpastejo vāyurākāśamiti bhūtāni ||

1.13-2

sa*jñāśabdaiḥ pṛthagupadeśo bhūtānāṃ vibhaktānāṃ suvacaṃ kāryaṃ bhaviṣyatīti ||

1.14

||bhāṣyam||
ime tu khalu---
gandharasarūpasparśaśabdāḥ pṛthivyādiguṇāstadarthāḥ ||

1.14-2

pṛthivyādīnāṃ yathāviniyogaṃ guṇā indriyāṇāṃ yathākramamarthā viṣayā iti ||

1.14-2.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.14-2.p2

acetanasya karaṇasya buddherjānaṃ vṛttiḥ, cetanasyākarturūpalabdhiriti yuktiviruddhamarthaṃ pratyācakṣāṇaka ivedamāha---

1.15

buddhirūpalabdhirjñānamityanarthāntaram ||

1.15-2

nācetanasya karaṇasya buddherjñānaṃ bhavitumarhati| taddhi cetanaṃ syāt| ekaścāyaṃ cetano dehendriyasaḍghātavyatirikta iti| prameyalakṣaṇārthasya vākyasyānyārthaprakāśanamupapattisāmarthyāditi ||

1.15-2.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.15-2.p2

smṛtyanumānāgamasaṃśayapratibhāsvapnajñānohāḥ sukhādipratyakṣamicchādayaśca manaso liḍgāni| teṣu satsviyamapi---

1.15-3

yugapajjñānānutpattirmanaso liṅgam ||

1.16

anindriyanimittāḥ smṛtyādayaḥ karaṇāntaranimittā bhavitumarhantīti| yugapacca khalu ghrāṇādīnāṃ gandhādīnāṃ ca sannikarṣeṣu satsu yugapajjñānāni notpadyante| tenānumīyate, asti tattadindriyasaṃyogi sahakāri nimittāntaramavyāpi, yasyāsannidhernotpadyate jñānam, sannidheścotpadyata iti| manaḥsaṃyogānapekṣasya hīndriyārthasannikarṣasya jñānahetutve yugapadutpadyeran jñānānīti ||

1.17

||bhāṣyam||
kramaprāptā tu---
pravṛttirvāgbuddhiśarīrārabhbhaḥ ||

1.17-2

mano'tra buddhirityabhipretam, budhyate'neneti buddhiḥ| so'yabhārambhaḥ śarīreṇa vācā manasā ca puṇyaḥ pāpaśca daśavidhaḥ| tadetatkṛtabhāṣyaṃ dvitīyasūtra iti ||

1.17-2.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.17-2.p2

pravartanā---pravṛttihetutvam, jñātāraṃ hi rāgādayaḥ pravartayanti puṇye pāpe vā| yatra mityājñānaṃ tatra rāgadveṣāviti| pratyātmavedanīyā hīme doṣāḥ kasmāllakṣaṇato nidrdiśyanta iti? karmalakṣaṇāḥ khalu raktadviṣṭamūḍhāḥ, rakto hi tatkarma kurute yena karmaṇā sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ vā labhate, tathā dviṣṭastathā mūḍha iti| doṣā rāgadveṣamohā

1.18

ityucyamāne bahu noktaṃ bhavatīti ||

1.18.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.18.p2

utpannasya kvacitsattvanikāye mṛtvā yā punarūtpattiḥ sa pretyabhāvaḥ| utpannasya---sambaddhasya| sambandhastu

1.19

dehendriyabuddhivedanābhiḥ| punarūtpattiḥ--- punardehādibhiḥ sambandhaḥ| purarityabhyāsābhidhānam| yatra kvacitprāṇabhṛnnikāye varttamānaḥ pūrvopāttān dehādīn jahāti tatpraiti| yat tatrānyatra vā dehādīnanyānupādatte tadbhavati| pretyabhāvaḥ---mṛtvā punarjanma| so'yaṃ janmamaraṇaprabandhābhyāso'nādirapavargāntaḥ pretyabhāvo veditavya iti ||

1.20

||bhāṣyam||
sukhaduḥkhasaṃvedanaṃ phalam| sukhavipākaṃ karma duḥkhavipākaṃ ca| tatpunardehendriyaviṣayabuddhiṣu satīṣu bhavatīti saha dehādibhiḥ phalamabhipratam| tathā hi pravṛttidoṣajanito'rtha phalametatsarvaṃ bhavati| tadetatphalamupāttamupāttaṃ heyam, tyaktaṃ tyaktamupādeyamiti nāsya hānopādānayorniṣṭhā paryavasānaṃ vāsti, sa khalvayaṃ phalasya hānopādānasrotatasohyate loka iti ||

1.21

|| bhāṣyam ||
athaitadeva---
bādhanālakṣaṇaṃ duḥkham ||

1.21-2

bādhanā pīḍā tāpa iti| tayānubaddhamanaṣaktamavinirbhāgena vartamānaṃ duḥkhayogād duḥkhamiti| so'yaṃ sarvaṃ duḥkhenānubaddhamiti paśyan duḥkhaṃ jihāsurjanmani duḥkhadarśī nirvidyate nirviṇṇo virajyate virakto vimucyate ||

1.22

||bhāṣyam||
yatra tu niṣṭhā yatra tu paryavasānaṃ so'yam---
tadatyantavimokṣo'pavargaḥ ||

1.22.p1

tena duḥkhena janmanā atyantaṃ vimuktirapavargaḥ| katham? upāttasya janmano hānam, anyasya cānupādānam| etāmavasthāmaparyantāmapavargaṃ vedayante'pavargavidaḥ| tadabhayamajaramamṛtyupadaṃ brahma kṣemaprāpitariti||

1.22.p2

nityaṃ sukhamātmano mahattvavat tattu mokṣe abhivyajyate, tenābhivyaktenā'tyantaṃ vimuktaḥ sukhī bhavatīti kecit manyante| teṣāṃ pramāṇābhāvādanupapattiḥ| na pratyakṣaṃ nānumānaṃ nāgamo vā vidyate, nityaṃ sukhamātmano mahattvavat tattu mokṣe'bhivyajyata iti||

1.22.p3

nityasyābhivyaktiḥ saṃvedanam, tasya hetuvacanam| nityasya sukhasyābhivyaktiḥ saṃvedanam jñānamiti, tasya heturvācyo yatastadutpadyata iti||

1.22.p4

sukhavannityamiti cet? saṃsārasthasya muktenāviśeṣaḥ| yathā muktaḥ sukhena tatsaṃvedanena ca sannityenopapannastathā

1.22.p5

saṃsārastho'pītyaviśeṣaḥ prasajyate, ubhayasya nityatvāt||

1.22.p6

abhyunujñāne ca dharmādharmaphalena sāhacaryaṃ yaugapadyaṃ gṛhyate| yadidam utpattisthāneṣu dharmādharmaphalaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca saṃvedyate paryāyeṇa, tasya ca nityasaṃvedanasya ca sahabhāvo yaugapadyaṃ gṛhyeta, na sukhābhāvo nānabhivyaktirasti, ubhayasya nityatvāt|

1.22.p7

anityatve hetuvacanam| atha mokṣe nityasya sukhasya savedanamanityam? yatastadutpadyate sa heturvācyaḥ| ātmamanaḥsaṃyogasya nimittāntarasahitasya hetutvam| tasya sahakārinimittāntaravacanam| ātmamanaḥsaṃyogo heturiti cet? evamapi tasya sahakāri nimittāntaraṃ vacanīyamiti||

1.22.p8

dharmasya kāraṇavacanam| yadi dharmo nimittāntaram? tasya heturvācyo yata utpadyata iti| yogasamādhijasya kāryāvasāyavirodhātprakṣaye saṃvedanenivṛttiḥ| yadi yogasamādhijo dharmo hetuḥ? tasya kāryāvasāyavipodhātprakṣaye saṃvedanam amatyantaṃ nivarteta||

1.22.p9

asaṃvedane cāvidyamānenāviśeṣaḥ| yadi dharmakṣayātsaṃvedanoparamo nityaṃ sukhaṃ na saṃvedyate iti kiṃ vidyamānaṃ na saṃvedyate, athāvidyamānamiti nānumānaṃ viśiṣṭe'satīti|

1.22.p10

aprakṣayaśca dharmasya niranumānamutpattidharmakasyānityatvāt| yogasamādhijo dharmo na kṣīyata iti nāstyanumānam| utpattidharmakamanityamiti viparyayasya tvanumānam| yasya tu saṃvedanoparamo nāsti tena saṃvedanaheturnitya ityanujñeyam||

1.22.p11

nitye ca muktasaṃsārasthayoraviśeṣa ityuktam| yathā muktasya nityaṃ sukhaṃ tatsaṃvedanahetuśca, saṃvedanasya tūparamo nāsti, kāraṇasya nityatvāt, tathā saṃsārasthasyāpīti| evaṃ ca sati dharmādharmaphalena sukhaduḥkhasaṃvedanena sāhacaryaṃ gṛhyeteti||

1.22.p12

śarīrādisambandhaḥ pratibandhaheturiti cet? na, śarīrādīnāmupabhogārthatvāt, viparyayasya cānanumānāt| syānmatam, saṃsārāvasthasya śarīrādisambandho nityasukhasaṃvedanahetoḥ pratibandhakaḥ, tenāviśeṣo nāstīti| etaccāyuktam, śarīrādaya upabhogārthāste bhogapratibandhaṃ kariṣyantītya nupapannam ; na cāstyanumānamaśarīrasyātmano bhogaḥ kaścidastīti||

1.22.p13

iṣṭādhigamārthā pravṛttiriti cet? na, aniṣṭoparamārthatvāt| idam anumānam, iṣṭādhigamārtho mokṣopadeśaḥ pravṛttiśca mumukṣūṇām, nobhayamanarthakamiti| etaccāyuktam, aniṣṭoparamārtho mokṣopadeśaḥ, pravṛttiśca mumukṣūṇāmiti| neṣṭamaniṣṭenānanubaddhaṃ sambhavatīti aniṣṭānubandhāt iṣṭamapyaniṣṭasampadyate, aniṣṭahānāya ca ghaṭamāna iṣṭamapi jahāti, vivekahānasyāśakyatvāditi||

1.22.p14

dṛṣṭātikramaśca dehādiṣu tulyaḥ| yathā dṛṣṭamanityaṃ sukhaṃ parityajya nityaṃ sukhaṃ kāmayate, evaṃ dehendriya buddhīranityā dṛṣṭā anikramya muktasya nityā dehendriyabuddhayaḥ kalpayitavyāḥ, sādhīyaścaivaṃ muktasya caikātmyaṃ kalpitaṃ bhavatīti||

1.22.p15

upapattivirūddhamiti cet? samānam| dehādīnāṃ nityatvaṃ pramāṇavirūddhaṃ kalpayayitumaśakyamiti? samānam| sukhasyāpi tarhi nityatvaṃ pramāṇavirūddhaṃ kalpayitumaśakyamiti||

1.22.p16

ātyantike ca saṃsāraduḥkhābhāve sukhavacanādāgame'pi satyavirodhaḥ| yadyapi kaścidāgamaḥ syāt muktasyātyantikaṃ sukhamiti? sukhaśabda ātyantike duḥkhābhāve prayukta ityevamupapadyate, dṛṣṭo hi duḥkhābhāve sukhaśabdaprayogo bahulaṃloka iti||

1.22.p17

nityasukharāgasyāprahāṇe mokṣādhigamābhāvo rāgasya bandhanasamājñānāt| yadyayaṃ mokṣe nityaṃ sukhamabhivyajyata iti nityasukharāgeṇa mokṣāyaghaṭamānā na mokṣamadhigacchet, nādhigantumarhatīti| bandhanasamājñāto hi rāgaḥ| na ca bandhane satyapi kaścinmukta ityupapadyata iti||

1.22-2

prahīṇanityasūkharāgasyāpratikūlatvam| athāsya nityasukharāgaḥ prahīyate, tasminprahīṇe nāsya nityasukhārāgaḥ pratikūlo bhavati? yadyevam, muktasya nityaṃ sukhaṃ bhavati, athāpi na bhavati, nāsyobhayoḥ pakṣayormokṣādhigamo vikalpyata iti ||

1.23

||bhāṣyam||
sthānavata etarhi saṃśayasya lakṣaṇaṃ vācyamiti taducyate---
samānānekadharmopapattervipratipatterūpalabdhyanupalabdhyavyavasthātaśca viśeṣāpekṣo vimarśaḥ saṃśayaḥ ||

1.23.p1

samānadharmopapatterviśeṣāpekṣo vimarśaḥ saṃśaya iti| sthāṇupurūṣayoḥ samānaṃ dharmamārohapariṇāhau paśyan pūrvadṛṣṭaṃ ca tayoviśeṣaṃ bubhutsamānaḥ kisvidityanyataraṃ nāvadhārayati, yat tadanavadhāraṇajñānaṃ sa saṃśayaḥ| samānamanayordharmamupalabhe viśeṣamanyatarasya nopalabha ityeṣā buddhiḥ apekṣā| sā saṃśayasya pravarttikā varttate| tena viśeṣāpekṣo vimarśaḥ saṃśayaḥ||

1.23.p2

anekadharmopapatteriti| samānajātoyamasamānajātīyaṃ cānekam| tasyānekasya dharmopapatteḥ viśeṣasyobhayathā dṛṣṭatvāt| samānajātīyebhyo'samānajātīyebhyaścā'rthā viśiṣyante, gandhavattvātpṛthivyavādibhyaśca viśiṣyate, guṇakarmabhyaśca| asti ca śabde vibhāgajanyatvaṃ viśeṣaḥ| tasmin dravyaṃ guṇaḥ karma veti sandehaḥ, viśeṣasyobhayathā dṛṣṭatvāt| kiṃ dravyasya sato guṇakamabhyo viśeṣaḥ, āhosvidaguṇasya sato dravyakarmabhyaḥ, atha

1.23.p3

karmaṇaḥ sato dravyaguṇebhya iti? viśeṣāpekṣā anyatamasya vyavasthāpakaṃ dharmaṃ nopalabha iti buddhiriti||

1.23.p4

vipratipatteriti| vyāhatamekārthadarśanaṃ vipratipattiḥ, vyāghātaḥ virodho'sahabhāva iti| astyātmekaṃ darśanam nāstyātmetyaparam| na ca sadbhāvāsadbhāvau sahaikatra sambhavataḥ| na cānyatarasādhako heturūpalabhyate| tatra tattvānavadhāraṇaṃ saṃśaya iti||

1.23.p5

upalabdhyavyavthātaḥ khalvapi| saccodakamupalabhyate taḍāgādiṣu, marīciṣu cāvidyamānamudakamiti, ataḥ kkacidupasabhyamāne tattvavyavasthāpakasya pramāṇasyānupalabdheḥ kiṃ sadupalabhyate'thāsaditi saṃśayo bhavati||

1.23.p6

anupalabdhyavasthātaśca| sacca nopalabhyate mūlakīlakodakādi, asaccānutpannaṃ nirūddhaṃ vā, tataḥ kkacidanupalabhyamāne, kiṃ sannopalabhyate utāsaditi saṃśayo bhavati| viśeṣāpekṣo pūrvavat||

1.23-2

pūrvaḥ samāno'nekaśca dharmo jñeyasthaḥ, upalabdhyanupalabdhī punarjñātṛsthe, etāvatā viśeṣeṇa punarvacanam| samānadharmādhigamātsamānadharmopapatterviśeṣasmṛtyapekṣo vimarśa iti ||

1.14-3

||bhāṣyam||
sthānavatāṃ lakṣaṇavacanamiti samānam|
yamarthamadhikṛtya pravartate tatprayojanam ||

1.14-4

yamarthamāptavyaṃ hātavyaṃ vā vyavasāya tadāptihānopāyamanutiṣṭhati, prayojanaṃ tadveditavyam, pravṛttihetutvāt|
imamarthamāpsyāmi hāsyāmi vetivyavasāyo'rthasyādhikāraḥ, evaṃ vyavasīyamāno'rtho'dhikriyata iti ||

1.25

||bhāṣyam||
lokasāmānyamanatītāḥ laukikāḥ, naisargikaṃ vainayikaṃ buddhyatiśayam aprāptāḥ| tadviparītāḥ parīkṣakāḥ, tarkeṇa pramāṇairarthaṃ parīkṣitumarhantīti| yathā yamarthaṃ laukikā budhyatante, tathā parīkṣakā api, so'rtho dṛṣṭāntaḥ| dṛṣṭāntavirodhena hi pratipakṣāḥ pratiṣeddhavyā bhavantīti, dṛṣṭāntasamādhitā na svapakṣāḥ sthāpanīyā bhavantīti, avayaveṣu codāharaṇāya kalpata iti ||

1.25.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.25.p2

atha siddhāntaḥ| idamitthambhūta*cetyabhyanujñāyamānamarthajātaṃ siddham siddhasya saṃsthitiḥ siddhāntaḥ| saṃsthitiritthambhāvavyavasthā---dharmaniyamaḥ| sa khalvayam---

1.26

tantrādhikaraṇābhyupagasaṃsasthitiḥ siddhāntaḥ ||

1.26-2

tantrārthasasthitiḥ tantrasaṃsthitiḥ| tantramitaretarābhisambaddhasyārthasamūhasyopadeśaḥ śāstram| adhikaraṇānuṣaktārthasaṃsthitiradhikaraṇasaṃsthitiḥ| abhyupagamasaṃsthitiranavadhāritārthaparigrahaḥ| tadviśeṣaparīkṣaṇāyābhyupagamasiddhāntaḥ ||

1.27

||bhāṣyam||
tantrabhedāt tu khaluḥ---
sa caturvidhaḥ sarvatantrapratitantrādhikaraṇābhyupagamasaṃ-
sthityarthāntarabhāvāt ||

1.27-2

tatraitāścatasraḥ saṃsthitayo'rthāntarabhūtāḥ ||

1.28

||bhāṣyam||
tāsām---
sarvatantrāviruddhastantre'dhikṛto'rthaḥ sarvatantrasiddhāntaḥ ||

1.28-2

yathā ghrāṇādīnīndriyāṇi, gandhādaya indriyārthāḥ, pṛthivyādīni bhūtāni, pramāṇairarthasya grahaṇamiti ||

1.28-2.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.28-2.p2

yathā nāsata atmalābhaḥ, na sata ātmahānam, niratiśayāścetanāḥ dehendriyamanaḥsaṃ viṣayeṣu tattatkāraṇeṣu ca viśeṣa iti sāṅkhcānām|

1.28-2.p3

puruṣakarmādinimitto bhūtasargaḥ, karmahetavo doṣāḥ pravṛttiśca, svaguṇaviśiṣṭāścetanāḥ, asadutpadyate utpannaṃ

1.29

nirudhyata iti yogānām ||

1.29.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.29.p2

yasyārthasya siddhāvanye'rthā anuṣajyante, na tairvinā so'rthaḥ sidhyati te'rthā yadadhiṣṭhānāḥ, so'dhikaraṇasiddhāntaḥ| yathā dehendriyavyatirikto jñātā darśanasparśanābhyāmekārthagrahaṇāditi| atrānuṣaṅgiṇo'rthā

1.30

indriyanānātvam, niyataviṣayāṇīndriyāṇi, svaviṣayagrahaṇaliṅgāni jñāturjñānasādhanāni, gandhādiguṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyam, guṇādhikaraṇamaniyataviṣayāścetanā iti| pūrvārthasiddhāvete'rthāḥ sidhyanti| na tairvinā so'rthaḥ sambhavatīti ||

1.31

||bhāṣyam||
aparīkṣitābhyupagamāt tadviśeṣaparīkṣaṇamabhyupagasiddhāntaḥ ||

1.31-2

yatra kii*cadarthajātamaparīkṣitamabhyupagamyate, astu dravyaṃ śabdaḥ, sa tu nityo'thānitya iti? dravyasya sato anityatā nityatā vā tadviśeṣaḥ parīkṣyate, so'bhyupagamasiddhāntaḥ svabuddhyatiśayacikhyāpayiṣayā parabuddhyavajñānāya ca pravartata iti ||

1.32

||bhāṣyam||
athāvayavāḥ---
pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayanigamanānyavayavāḥ ||

1.32-2

daśāvayavāneke nauyayikā vākye sa*cakṣatekh jijñāsā saṃśayaḥ śakyaprāptiḥ prayojanaṃ saṃśayavyudāsa iti| te kasmānnocyanta iti? tatrāpratīyamāne'rthe pratyayārthasya pravartikā jijñāsā| apratīyamānamarthaṃ kasmājjijñāsate? taṃ tattvato jñātaṃ hāsyāmi vopādāsya upekṣiṣye veti| tā etā hānopādānopekṣābuddhayastattvajñānasyārthaḥ tadarthamayaṃ jijñāsate| sā khalviyamasādhanam arthasyeti| jijñāsādhikaṣṭhānaṃ saṃśayaśca vyāhatadharmopasaṅghātāt tatvajñāne pratyāsannaḥ| vyāhatorhi dharmayoranyatarattattvaṃ bhavitumarhatīti| sa pṛthagupadiṣṭo'pyasādhanamarthasyeti| pramātuḥ pramāṇāni prameyādhigamārthāni, sā śakyaprāptirna sādhakasya vākyasya bhāgena yujyate pratijñādivaditi| prayojanaṃ tattvāvadhāraṇamarthasādhakasya vākyasya phalaṃ naikadeśa iti| saṃśayavyudāsaḥ pratipakṣopavarṇanaṃ tatpratiṣedhena tattvajñānābhyanujñānārtham, na tvayaṃ sādhakavākyaikadeśa iti| prakaraṇe tu jijñādaya samarthā avadhāraṇīyārthopakārāt| tattvāṃrthasādhakabhāvāttu pratijñādayaḥ sādhakavāṃkyasya bhāgā ekadeśā avayavā iti ||

1.33

||bhāṣyam||
teṣāṃ tu yathāvibhaktānām---
sādhyanirdeśaḥ pratijñā ||

1.33-2

prajñāpanīyena dharmeṇa dharmiṇo viśiṣṭasya parigrahavacanaṃ pratijñā sādhyanirdeśaḥ| anityaḥ śabda iti ||

1.34

||bhāṣyam||
udāharaṇasādharmyātsādhyasādhanaṃ hetuḥ ||

1.34-2

udāharaṇena sāmānyātsādhyasya dharmasya sādhanaṃ prajñāpanaṃ hetuḥ| sādhye pratisandhāya dharmamudāharaṇe ca pratisandhāya tasya sādhanatāvacanaṃ hetuḥ| utpattidharmakatvāditi| utpattidharmakamanityaṃ dṛṣṭamiti ||

1.35

||bhāṣyam||
kimetāvaddhetulakṣaṇamiti? netyucyate| kiṃ tarhi?
tathā vaidharmyāt ||

1.35-2

udāharaṇavaidharmyācca sādhyasādhanaṃ hetuḥ| katham? anityaḥ śabdaḥ utpattidharmakatvāt| anutpattidharmakaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭam ātmādaya iti ||

1.35-2.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.35-2.p2

1.36

yasmin dṛṣṭānte vartate sa dṛṣṭāntaḥ taddharmabhāvī| yasmin dṛṣṭānte sādhyasādharmyādutpattidharmakatvāt sādhyasya dharmo'nityatvaṃ bhavati sa dṛṣṭāntaḥ| sādhyasādharmyādutpattidharmakatvāttaddharmabhāvī bhavati, sa codādaharaṇamiṣyate| sthālyādi dravyamutpattidharmakamanityaṃ dṛṣṭāmiti| tatra yudatpadyate tadutpattidharmakam| tacca bhūtvā na bhavati, ātmānaṃ jahāti nirudhyata ityanityam| evamutpattidharmakatvaṃ sādhanamanityatvaṃ sādhyam| so'yamekasmin dvayordharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvaḥ sādharmyād vyasthita upalabhyate| taṃ dṛṣṭānta upalabhamānaḥ śabde'pyanuminoti, śabdo'pyutpattidharmakatvādanityaḥ sthālyādivaditi| udāhriyate'nena dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāva ityudāharaṇam ||

1.37

||bhāṣyam||
dṛṣṭāntaudāharaṇamiti prakṛtam| sādhyavaidharmyādataddharmabhāvī ca dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇamiti| anityaḥ śabda utpattidharmakatvāt anutpattidharmakaṃ nityamātmādi, so'yamātmādirdṛṣṭāntaḥ sādhyavaidharmyādanutpattidharmakatvādataddharmabhāvī-yo'sau sādhyasya dharmo'nityatvaṃ sa tasmin na bhavatīti| atrātmādau dṛṣṭānta utpattidharmakatvasyābhāvādanityatvaṃ na bhavatīti upalabhamānaḥ śabde viparyayamanuminoti, utpattidharmakatvasya bhāvādanityaḥ śabda iti| sādharmyoktasya hetoḥ sādhyasādharmyāt taddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇam| vaidharmyoktasya hetoḥ sādhyavaidharmyādataddharmabhāvī dṛṣṭānta udāharaṇam| pūrvasmin dṛṣṭānte yau tau dharmau sādhyasādhanabhūtau paśyati sādhye'pi tayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvamanuminoti| uttarasmin dṛṣṭānte yayordharmayorekasyābhāvāditarasyābhāvaṃ paśyati tayorekatarasya bhāvāditarasya bhāvaṃ sādhye'numinotīti| tadetaddhetvābhāseṣu na sambhavatītyahetavo hetvābhāsāḥ| tadidaṃ hetūdāharaṇayoḥ sāmarthyaṃ paramasūkṣmaṃ duḥkhabodhaṃ paṇḍitarūpavedanīyamiti ||

1.37.p1

||bhāṣyam||

1.37.p2

udāharaṇāpekṣa udāharaṇatantra udāharaṇavaśaḥ| vaśaḥ sāmarthyam| sādhyasādharmyayukte udāharaṇe sthālyādidravyamutpattidharmakamanityaṃ dṛṣṭam, tathā ca śabda utpattidharmaka iti sādhyasya śabdasyotpattidharmakatvamūpasaṃhriyate| sādhyavaidharmyayuktaṃ punarudāharaṇe ātmādidravyamanutpattidharmakaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭam, na

1.38

ca tathānutpattidharmakaḥ śabda iti, anutpattidharmakatvasyopasaṃhārapratiṣedhenotpattidharmakattvamupasaṃhriyate|
tadidamupasaṃhāradvetamudāharaṇadvaitādbhavati| upasaṃhriyate aneneti copasaṃhāro veditavya iti ||

1.39

||bhāṣyam||
dvividhasya punarhetodvividhasya codāharaṇasyopasaṃhāradvaite ca samānam---
hetvapadeśātpratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanam ||

1.39.p1

sādharmyokte vā vaidharmyokte vā yathodāharaṇamupasaṃhriyate tasmādutpattidharmakatvādanityaḥ śabda iti nigamanam|

1.39.p2

nigamyante aneneti pratijñāhetūdāharaṇopanayā ekatreti nigamanam| nigamyante samarthyante saṃbadhyante| tatra sādharmyokte tāvadvetau vākyam, anityaḥ śabda iti pratijñā| utpattidharmakatvāditi hetuḥ| utpattidharmakaṃ sthālyādi dravyamanityamityudāharaṇam| tathā cotpattidharmakaḥ śabda ityupanayaḥ| tasmādutpattidharmakatvādanityaḥ śabda iti nigamanam| vaidharmyokte'pi, anityaḥ śabdaḥ| utpattidharmakatvāt, anatpattidharmakamātmādi dravyaṃ nityaṃ dṛṣṭam| na ca tathā'nutpattidharmakaḥ śabdaḥ| kiṃ tarhi? utpattidharmakaḥ| tasmādutpattidharmakatvādanityaḥ śabda iti||

1.39.p3

avayavasamudāye ca vākye saṃbhūyetaretarābhisaṃbandhātpramāṇānyarthaṃ sādhayantīti| saṃbhavastāvat, śabdaviṣayā pratijñā, āptopadeśasya pratyakṣānumānābhyāṃ pratisandhānādanṛṣeśca svātantryānupapatteḥ| anumānaṃ hetuḥ, udāharaṇe saṃdṛśya pratipatteḥ| taccodāharaṇabhāṣye vyākhyātam| pratyakṣaviṣayamudāharaṇam, dṛṣṭenādṛṣṭasiddheḥ| upamānamupanayaḥ, tathetyupasaṃhārāt, na ca tatheti copamānadharmapratiṣedhe viparītadharmopasaṃhārasiddheḥ| sarveṣāmekārthapratipattau sāmarthyapradarśanaṃ nigamanamiti||

1.39.p4

itaretarābhisaṃbandho'pi---asatyāṃ pratijñāyāmanāśrayā hetvādayo na pravartteran| asati hetau kasya sādhanabhāvaḥ pradarśyeta? udāharaṇe sādhye ca kasyopasaṃhāraḥ syāt? kasya cāpadeśātpratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanaṃ syāt iti? asatyudāharaṇe kena sādharmyaṃ vaidharmyaṃ vā sādhyasādhanamupādīyeta? kasya vā sādharmyavaśādupasaṃhāraḥ pravarteta? upanayaṃ cāntareṇa sādhye'nupasaṃhṛtaḥ sādhako dharmo nārthaṃ sādhayet| nigamanābhāve cānabhivyaktasaṃbandhānāṃ pratijñādīnāmekārthena pravartanaṃ tatheti pratipādanaṃ kasyeti||

1.39.p5

athāvayavārthaḥ| sādhyasya dharmasya dharmiṇā saṃbandhopapādanaṃ pratijñārthaḥ| udāharaṇena samānasya viparītasya

1.39.p6

vā sādhyasya dharmasya sādhakabhāvavacanaṃ hetvarthaḥ| dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvapradarśanamekatrodāharaṇārthaḥ| sādhanabhūtasya dharmasya sādhyena dharmeṇa sāmānādhikaraṇyopapādanamupanayārthaḥ| udāharaṇasthayorddharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvopapattau sādhye viparītaprasaṅgapratiṣedhārthaṃ nigamanam||

1.39-2

na caitasyāṃ hetūdāharaṇapariśuddhau satyāṃ sādharmyavaidharmyābhyāṃ pratyavasthānasya vikalpājjātinigrahasthānabahutvaṃ prakramate| avyavasthāpya khalu dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāvamudāharaṇe jātivādī pratyavatiṣṭhate| vyavasthite hi khalu dharmayoḥ sādhyasādhanabhāve dṛṣṭāntasthe gṛhyamāṇe sādhanabhūtasya dharmasya hetutvena upādānaṃ na sādharmyamātrasya, na vairdharmyamātrasya veti ||

1.40

||bhāṣyam||
ata ūrdhvaṃ tarko lakṣaṇīya iti athedamucyate---
avijñātatattve'rthe kāraṇopapattitastattvajñānārthamūhastarkaḥ ||

1.40.p1

avijñāyamānatattve'rthe jijñāsā tāvajjāyate jānīyemamarthamiti| atha jijñāsitasya vastuno vyāhatau dharmau vibhāgena vimṛśati, kiṃ svit ittthamāhosvinnetthamiti| vimṛśyamānayordharmayorekataraṃ kāraṇopapattyā anujñānāti, sambhavatyasmin kāraṇaṃ pramāṇaṃ heturiti| kāraṇopapattyā syādevametat netaraditi||

1.40.p2

tatra nidarśanam, yo'yaṃ jñātā jñātavyamarthaṃ jānīte, taṃ tattvato jānīyeti jijñāsā| sa kimutpattidharmako'nutpattidharmakaṃ iti vimarśaḥ| vimṛśyamāne'vijñātatattve'rthe yasya dharmasyābhyanujñākāraṇamupapadyate, tamanujānāti| yadyayamanutpattidharmakaḥ tataḥ svakṛtasya karmaṇaḥ phalamanubhavati jñātā| duḥkhajanmapravṛttidoṣamithyājñānānāmuttaramuttaraṃ pūrvasya pūrvasya kāraṇam, uttarottarāpāye ca tadanantarābhāvādapavarga iti syātāṃ saṃsārāpavargau| utpattidharmake jñātari punarna syātām| utpannaḥ khalu jñātā dehendriyaviṣayabuddhivedanābhiḥ saṃbadhyata iti nāsyedaṃ svakṛtasya karmaṇaḥ phalam| utpannaśca bhūtvā na bhavatīti, tasyāvidyamānasya niruddhasya vā svakṛtakarmaṇaḥ phalopabhogo nāsti, tadevamekasyānekaśarīrayogaḥ śarīraviyogaścātyantaṃ na syāditi, yatra kāraṇamanupapadyamānaṃ paśyati, tannānujānāti| so'yamevaṃlakṣaṇa ūhastarka

1.40.p3

ityucyate||

1.40.p4

kathaṃ punarayaṃ tattvajñānārtho na tattvajñānameveti? anavadhāraṇāt| anujānātyayamekataraṃ dharmaṃ kāraṇopapattyā, na tvavadhārayati na vyavasyati na niścinoti evamevedamiti| kathaṃ tattvajñānārtha iti? tattvajñānaviṣayābhyanujñālakṣaṇādūhād bhāvitātprasannādanantaraṃ pramāṇasāmarthyāt tattvajñānam utpadyata ityevaṃ tattvajñānārtha iti||

1.40-2

so'yaṃ tarkaḥ pramāṇāni pratisandadhānaḥ pramāṇābhyanujñānāt pramāṇasahito vāde'padiṣṭa iti| avijñātatattve'rthe iti yathā so'rtho bhavati tasya tathābhāvastattvamaviparyayo yāthātathyam ||

1.41

||bhāṣyam||
etasmiśca tarkaviṣaye---
vimṛśya pakṣapratipakṣābhyāmarthāvadhāraṇa nirṇayaḥ ||

1.41.p1

sthāpanā sādhanam, pratiṣedha upālambhaḥ| tau sādhanopālambhau pakṣapratipakṣāśrayau vyatiṣaktāvanubandhena pravarttamānau pakṣapratipakṣāvityucyete| tayoranyatarasya nivṛttiḥ ekatarasyāvasthānamavarjanīyamavaśyambhāvitvāt| yasyāvasthānaṃ tasyārthāvadhāraṇaṃ nirṇayaḥ||

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Kāśikā after the Trivandrum edition (provided by H. Krasser) — Sanskrit

Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 1: prathamāhnikam

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prathamāhnikam