Bhagavadgita 4

Tātparyabodhinī 4

Language: Sanskrit

4.12 — 8 parts
4.16 — 5 parts
4.18 — 4 parts
4.69 — 4 parts

4.1

tamiti | tathoktarītyā madīyā ete bhrātṛputrādayo yudhi mriyanta iti mariṣyamāṇasvajaneṣu kṛpayāviṣṭamataeva viṣīdantamataevāśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇaṃ tamarjunaṃ dṛṣṭvā madhusūdanaḥ madhvākhyamasuraṃ sūdayatīti madhusūdanaḥ, yadvā sarveṣāṃ dehe madhuvadiṣṭatvānmadhurahaṃkārastamātmaprakāśanena sūdayatīti madhusūdanaḥ, yadvā 'iyaṃ pṛthivī sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ madhu' iti śravaṇānmadhuḥ svarūpānandastaṃ svāparokṣavatāṃ sūdayati sphorayatīti madhusūdanaḥ śrīkṛṣṇaḥ idaṃ vakṣyamāṇalakṣaṇaṃ vākyamuvāca | atra kṛpayāviṣṭamityuktirmumukṣoḥ kṛpādibhiraṣṭabhirātmaguṇairbhavitavyamiti sūcanārthaṃ kṛpāpadaṃ kṣāntyādīnāmupalakṣaṇārtham |'dayā sarvabhūteṣu kṣāntiranasūyāśuciranāyāso māṅgalyamakārpaṇyamaspṛhetyetāvatātmaguṇāḥ'iti gautamoktairaṣṭabhirātmaguṇairviśiṣṭasyaiva samyak jñānaṃ jāyate|'so'haṃ bhagavaḥ śocāmi'iti śravaṇātkathaṃ saṃsārasāgaraṃ tariṣyāmīti śocataḥ paritapyata eva gururiśvaraśca prasīdatīti sūcayituṃ viṣīdantamaśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇamityuktam | mumukṣorgurumupasiṣīdiṣoretairūktaguṇairbhavitavyamityanena jñāpitaṃ bhavati |
śrībhagavānuvāca |

4.3

kuta iti dvābhyām | he arjuna śuddhasvabhāva, viṣame saṃkaṭe śatrubhiḥ śastrairhantuṃ pravṛttasamaye idaṃ kaśmalaṃ 'etānna hantumicchāmi', 'yadi māmapratīkāram' ityādyuktalakṣaṇaścittavyāmohaḥ kutaḥ kasmāddhetostvā tvāṃ samupasthitaṃ prāptam | kāladoṣātkarmadoṣādvā kasmādayaṃ bhramaḥ śuddhasvabhāvasya vivekinastava prāpta ityarthaḥ | he pārtha, anāryajuṣṭamanāryairāryaśikṣāvarjitaiḥ pāmarairjuṣṭaṃ sevitamasvargyaṃ svargāprāpakaṃ durgatikāraṇamiha loke'pyakīrtikaramidaṃ klaibyaṃ klībabhāvaṃ kātaryaṃ śūrāṇāmanarhaṃ tvaṃ māsma gamaḥ mā bhajasva | rājadharmajñe raṇapaṇḍite tvayi naitadupapadyate | vīratamastulyasya tava naitadyuktamityarthaḥ | he paraṃtapa śatrukarśana, kṣudraṃ kṣudratvakāraṇaṃ nikṛṣṭatvāpādakaṃ hṛdayadaurbalyamadhairyaṃ manaḥkāluṣyametattyaktvottiṣṭha | yuddhāya sannaddho bhavetyarthaḥ |
bhagavadvacanametacchrutvāpi gurvādisvajanahiṃsādoṣaduḥkhamasahamānaḥ san uktamevārthaṃ viśeṣayitumarjuna uvāca —

4.4

kathamiti | kulavṛddhaṃ guṇavṛddhaṃ ca bhīṣmaṃ, vidyāguruṃ droṇaṃ ca saṃkhye yuddhe iṣubhiḥ kathaṃ pratiyotsyāmi pratipakṣībhūya yuddhaṃ kariṣyāmi | kiṃ tau śauryādhikāviti bhītyā tābhyāṃ yoddhuṃ na śaknoṣītyata āha-pūjeti | arīn kāmādīn bhaktānāṃ sūdayatītyarisūdanaḥ he arisūdana, bhīṣmadroṇau gṛhe pitṛvatpuṣpādibhiḥ pūjārhau natu vācāpi yuddhārhau, kimuta bāṇairmarmaghātibhirna yuddhārhāviti śaraistayormarmacchedaṃ kathaṃ kariṣyāmītyarthaḥ |
kṣatriyāṇāṃ yuddhaṃ śreyaskaraṃ kathaṃ tyaktuṃ śakyata ityata āha-

4.5

gurūniti | mahānanargalo'nubhāvo dharmabrahmaviṣayako bodho yeṣāṃ tān mahānubhāvān gurūn bhīṣmadroṇakṛpādīnahatvā iha loke bhaikṣyaṃ bhikṣānnaṃ naḥ śreyaḥ yuddhavacchreyaskaraṃ bhavati | tadeva bhoktuṃ yuktaṃ gurvādisvajanahiṃsārahitaṃ bhikṣāśanamasmākaṃ śreyaskaramityarthaḥ| 'akṛtvā parasaṃtāpamagatvā khalamandiram| akleśayitvā cātmānaṃ yadalpamapi tadbahu ||' ityādiśāstraprasiddhidyotanārtho hiśabdaḥ| kimanāthavadbhikṣāśanaṃ śūrāṇāṃ, śatrūn jitvā rājyabhogaḥ kartavya ityata āha-hatveti | kāmirjñānārthaḥ | arthān dharmādipuruṣārthān śiṣyebhyaḥ kāmayanti bodhayantītyarthakāmāstān dharmopadeṣṭṝn gurūn hatvāha'mihaiva loke rudhirapradigdhān raktadhārāprasiktān rudhiramayān bhogān bhujyanta iti bhogāḥ viṣayāstānnārakīyān bhuñjīyā'nubhaveyam | natu nārakīyā eva kiṃtu gurvādivadhena jugupsyo narakabhogo'traiva bhaviṣyatyato gurvādisūnuṃ bhikṣāśanaṃ śreyaskaraṃ manya ityarthaḥ |
'ye yudhyante pradhaneṣu śūrāso ye tanutyajaḥ' iti śravaṇāt kṣatriyāṇāṃ yuddhameva śreyaskaraṃ natu bhikṣāśanamityata āha-

4.6

nataiccaditi | bhikṣāśanayuddhayormadhye no'smākaṃ dharmaparāṇāṃ garīyaḥ śreṣṭhaṃ katarat kiṃnu vā | guruhiṃsāduṣkīrtyādidoṣaśūnyatvāt kiṃ bhaikṣyāśanameva śreṣṭhaṃ uta svadharmatvādyuddhameva śreṣṭhamāhosvidubhayamapi samaṃ vā | castvarthaḥ | tadetadvayaṃ tu na vidmo na vijānīmaḥ | jaye rājyasukhahetutvādapajaye svargaprāpakatvātsvadharmatvācceti tatra saṃśayo na kartavya iti cettathāpi saṃprāpto vijayo'smākaṃ duḥkhāyaiva bhavati natu kiṃcidapi bhavati sukhāyetyāha—yāneveti | prāṇebhyo'pi preyaso yāneva bhrātṛputrādīn yudhi hatvā na jijīviṣāmo jīvituṃ na śaknumasta eva dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ pramukhe raṇamukhe avasthitā mriyāmaha iti tiṣṭhanti | ato'narthahetoryuddhādvaikṣyāśanameva naḥ śreyaskaramityarthaḥ |
kathaṃ bhavān paṇḍitaḥ sandharmaṃ dharmamiva, adharmamiva dharmaṃ ca manyate mūḍhavadityākāṅkṣāyāmahametat dvayaṃ sūkṣmārthaṃ nirṇotuṃ na śaknomi, yatkartavyaṃ tattvamevopa diśetyāha—
kārpaṇyeti | avidyākṛtadehendriyādyanātmanaḥ svarūpamidamevāhamiti vyavaharatīti kṛpaṇastvattattvajñaḥ ‘yo vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgyaviditvāsmāllokātpraiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ’ iti, ‘kṛpaṇo yo'jitendriyaḥ’ iti śrutismṛtiprasiddheḥ tasya bhāvaḥ kārpaṇyamajñatvamajñānaṃ tamaḥpradhānatvādvastusvarūpaṃ dūṣayatīti tadeva doṣastenopahatastirohitaḥ svasyāvikriyasya pratyagātmano bhāvaḥ sattā yasya sa kārpaṇyadoṣopahastasvabhāvo'vidyātiraskṛtātmasvarūpo yasmāddharmasaṃmūḍhacetāḥ avidyayā saṃsāre pālyamānaḥ pumān dhāryate'neneti dharmastasmin svarūpaprakāśake jñānātmake dharme saṃmūḍhamapraviṣṭaṃ ceto yasya tathokta evaṃlakṣaṇasaṃpanno'haṃ tvāṃ parameśvaraṃ pṛcchāmi śrutismṛtibhirmaharṣibhiśca yanniścitaṃ nirṇītaṃ niyataphalaṃ śreyaḥsādhanaṃ śokavidhvaṃsakaṃ tanme brūhi | nanu ‘nāputrāyāśiṣyāya vai punaḥ’ iti śravaṇātputraśiṣyavyatiriktāyā'tirahasyaṃ na vaktavyamityata āha—śiṣya iti | dharmajñānārthitayā'haṃ te śiṣyaḥ śiṣyabhāvaṃ gato'smi | tvāṃ jagadguruṃ parameśvaraṃ prapannaṃ śaraṇaṃ gataṃ mumukṣuṃ māṃ śādhyanugṛhāṇa | śokasya niḥśeṣanivṛttiryathā bhavet tathā māṃ bodhayetyarthaḥ |

4.8

nahīti | indriyāṇāṃ dehendriyamanobuddhīnāmucchoṣaṇamatyantasaṃtāpakaṃ mama śokaṃ yadapanudyāddravyaguṇakarmaṇāṃ madhye viśiṣṭaṃ yatprāptaṃ sanmāmakaṃ duḥkhaṃ nivartayettadahaṃ na prapaśyāmi tādṛśaṃ na kiṃcijjānāmi jñātaṃ cetkuto'yaṃ śoka iti | histadajñānaprasiddhidyotanārthaḥ | śatrūn jitvā rājyaṃ prāpya śokastyaktuṃ śakyate viśiṣṭapadārthabhogenetyata āha— avāpyeti | bhūmāvasapatnaṃ niḥśātravaṃ samṛddhaṃ samagraṃ rājyaṃ sārvabhaumatvamavāpya prāpya vā | surāṇāmādhipatyamindratvaṃ brahmatvaṃ vātha prāpyāhaṃ śokaṃ tyaktuṃ na śaknuyām | sārvabhaumatvendratvabrahmatvādīnāṃ janyatvena dhvaṃsapratiyogitvānnaddataḥ śaॉkanivṛttirna saṃbhavati, prakṛte'pi svajanadhvaṃsahetukatvācchokasya | ato vivekavato viṣayaprāptistadbhogaśca na śokanivartako bhavati | yataḥ śokaṃ niḥśeṣaṃ tyakṣyāmi taṃ dharmaṃ mamopadiśeti sarvabhogaviratayā tīvramumukṣayā ca bhagavantaṃ prārthitavānarjunaḥ śādhi māmiti | etenātyantikasaṃsāraduḥkhanivṛttikāraṇaṃ na bhavati brahmaviṣṇvādipadalābhaḥ kiṃtu duḥkhāyaiva vinaiva brahmajñānaṃ, tacca gurūpadeśaṃ vinā na sidhyati 'ācāryavān puruṣo veda' iti śravaṇādatastadarthinā gurūpasattiḥ kartavyeti sūcitam | 'śiṣyaste'haṃ śādhi māṃ tvāṃ prapannam' iti evamarjunasya vṛttaṃ dhṛtarāṣṭraṃ prati |

4.9

saṃjaya uvāca evamiti | paraṃtapaḥ śatrutāpano'pi guḍākeśaḥ | nāmaikadeśe nāmagrahaṇam | guḍo laguḍo daṇḍastadvaddīrghā āsamantātsamāśca keśāḥ śirojā yasya sa guḍākeśo'rjunaḥ govindaṃ gobhirvedāntavākyaireva vindyate labhyata iti govindastaṃ hṛṣīkeśaṃ svajanahiṃsāyā atyantaśokahetutvānnāhaṃ yotsye ityevamuktvā tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha | punarna kiṃcidvabhāṣa ityarthaḥ |
'yacchreyaḥ syānniścitaṃ brūhi tanme' iti pṛṣṭaḥ śrībhagavān śocantaṃ taṃ dṛṣṭvā kimuktavānityākāṅkṣāyāmāha—

4.10

tamiti | he bhārata, senayorubhayormadhye viṣīdantaṃ madīyā ete mriyanta iti śocantaṃ etān hatvā taddoṣeṇāhaṃ nirayaṃ yāsyāmītyātmani niṣkriye nirvikāre kartṛtvādikarmaśūnya evānādyavidyayānātmataddharmānadhyasya ahaṃ kartā bhokteti viparītabhāvena muhyantaṃ tamarjunaṃ dṛṣṭvā paramakṛpāluḥ śrībhagavān 'tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śoka ekatvamanupaśyataḥ' ityādiśrutiprasiddhabrahmātmaikatvajñānena vinā nāyaṃ dvaitapramapravarttakena bhedaśāstreṇa bodhyamānaḥ śokamūlakaṃ tarituṃ śaknotīti matvā padārthadvayaśodhanapūrvakaṃ tajjñānamupadidikṣuḥ sannādau tvaṃpadārthaśodhanamavatārayituṃ tadīyavṛttaṃ bhavān paṇḍita iti mamabuddhireva vā tava pāṇḍityamiti prahasanniva vacanamidamuvāca |

4.11

aśocyāniti | na śocyā aśocyāḥ śocitumanarhā bhīṣmadroṇādayastānetānaśocyāneva tvamanvaśocaḥ etānuddiśya śokaṃ kṛtavānasi | nanu svajanamaraṇe sarveṣāṃ śoko jāyata eva kathamucyata etānanvaśocastvamiti, kuto vā mriyamāṇānāmeteṣāmaśocyatvamiti cettvamatra praṣṭavyaḥ, kiṃ bhīṣmadroṇādiśabdavācyārthamuddiśya śocyate uta lakṣyārthamiti | ādye bhīṣmādiśabdavācyārthasyāsadvṛttatvamavekṣya śocyate kiṃvā tannāśamuddiśya śocyate iti | nādyaḥ | mahānubhāvā iti tvayaiva tanmahattvapratipādanāt | na dvitīyaḥ| tadasaṃbhavāt | 'maghavan martyaṃ vā idaṃ śarīramāttaṃ mṛtyunā' iti śarīrasya mṛtyugrastatvaśravaṇāt 'durlabho mānuṣo deho dehināṃ kṣaṇabhaṅguraḥ' iti dehasya naśvaratvaśravaṇāt sarvadā mriyamāṇaprāṇisaṃdarśanācca pratyakṣādipramāṇaireva dhruvamṛtyuksya dehādeḥ śocyatvaṃ na saṃbhavati | na prathame dvitīyaḥ| ātmā'jatvānna jāyate jananābhāvānna mriyate maraṇābhāvānnityaḥ 'ajo nityaḥ śāśvataḥ' iti 'nityo nityānām' iti lakṣyārthasyātmano nityatvaśravaṇānnityasya sadāptasyātmanaḥ śocyatvānupapatteḥ | nahi buddhimatāṃ nityaḥ padārthaḥ śocyo bhavati nāpyanityaśca | yata evaṃ vācyārthasya lakṣyārthasya cobhayoraśocyatve siddhe tvamaśocyāneva śocyatvabuddhyā mūḍhavadanuśocasi | naitāvanmātrameva karoṣi, apitu prajñāvādāṃśca bhāṣase sadasatpadārthasvarūpaṃ vivicya ye prakarṣeṇa jānanti te prajñāḥ paṇḍitāsteṣāṃ śāstramabhivyāptāḥ vādā āvādāstān prajñāvādān 'kulakṣaye praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ' iti, 'utsannakuladharmāṇāṃ' iti, 'kathaṃ bhīṣmamahaṃ saṃkhye' ityādīni prauḍhavacanānyapi bhāṣase | yadaśocyaśocanaṃ, yacca śāstrārthaprakaṭanapāṇḍityaṃ tadetadvayaṃ tejastimiravatparasparaviruddhaṃ naikatra sthātumarhati | ato bhavān mūḍha eva bhavati natu paṇḍitaḥ | tarhyevaṃsamaye paṇḍitāḥ kathaṃ vartanta ityāha— gatāsūniti | kevalaṃ mūḍhāḥ mamaite putrādayo mṛtā iti gatāsūnevānuśocanti natvagatāsūnū | śāstrajñāstu mamaite putrādayo mūḍhā durbhagā durvṛttā jātā ityagatāsūnevānuśocanti natu gatāsūn | paṇḍitāstu gatāsūnagatāsūṃśca putrādīnnānuśocanti | gatāsūnāmagatāsūnārmapyubhayeṣāmavidyākāryatvena svapnārthavadasattvādubhayatra brahmaiva paśyanti ta eva hi paṇḍitāḥ ye tvasattyaktvā sadeva gṛhṇanti sadā | sarvatra brahmadarśanaṃ hi pāṇḍityam | 'brāhmaṇaḥ pāṇḍityaṃ nirvidya' iti śruteḥ | ata uktalakṣaṇābhāvāntvaṃ mūḍha eva natu paṇḍita ityarthaḥ |
aśocyānanvaśocastvamiti bhīṣmādīnāmaśocyatve pratipādite bhīṣmādipadalakṣyārthasyātmano dehendriyādibhyo bhinnatvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca sūcitaṃ bhavati | tamimamarthamajānantamarjunamālakṣya śrībhagavān lakṣyārthasyātmano nityatve tvajatvaṃ heturityajatvahetunā śaśaviṣāṇasyāpi nityatve prāpte bhāvatve satyajatvaṃ nityatvaprayojakaṃ | yasya kālatraye sattā na vyabhicarati sa bhāvo nityaśca | yasya vyabhicarati nāsau bhāvo'nityaścetyātmanaḥ kālatraye'pi sattāpratipādanadvārā dehendriyādibhyo bhinnatvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca sūcayituṃ punastattvaṃpadārthayoḥ śodhanaṃ śodhitayorekatvaṃ ca pratipādayati | tvaṃpadārthasya niḥśeṣasaṃsāraduḥkhānavṛttyā nityaniratiśayākhaṇḍānandāvāptaye, tatpadārthasyāpi parokṣatvaparicchinnatvānarthanivṛttyā'dvitīyatvākhaṇḍaikarasatvasiddhaye ca—

4.12.1

natvevāhasamiti | ahaṃ tatpadārthaḥ paramātmā sarvajñaḥ sarvaśaktiḥsarvatantrasvatantraḥ parameśvaraḥ | jātu kadācinnāsamiti na, kiṃtu sarvadā āsameva | madasambhave jagatsṛṣṭyādyasaṃbhavāt | tathāhi 'janmādyasya yataḥ', 'yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante', 'yato jātāni bhuvanāni viśvā', 'sa aikṣata lokānnu sṛjā iti', 'sa imām̐llokānasṛjata' ityādiśrutibhirmatta eva jagadutpattiḥ śrāvyate, matta eva jagataḥ sthitiśca | 'yena jātāni jīvanti' 'vyaktāvyaktaṃ bharate viśvamīśaḥ', 'sa dādhāra pṛthivīṃ dyāmutemāṃ', 'bhīṣāsmādvātaḥ pavate', 'itareṇa tu jīvanti yasminnetāvupāśritau | tasmiṃllokāḥ śritāḥ sarve' ityādiśrutibhiḥ pratipādyate | 'yatprayantyabhisaṃviśanti', 'tathākṣarādvividhāḥ somya bhāvāḥ prajāyante tatra caivāpiyanti', 'yasminkṣetre saṃharatyeṣa devaḥ' ityādiśrutibhirmatta eva jagallayo'pi śrāvyate | yato madekakartṛkatvaṃ jagatsṛṣṭyādikriyāyāstato jagadutpattisthitilayādiṣvāgacchatsu satsu tadadhiṣṭhātṛtayā sadāhamāsameveti niruktaśrutibalāttriṣvapi kāleṣu matsadbhāvo niścetavya ityarthaḥ | etena meghataḍāgamasthityādīnāmādhāratayā sthitasyākāśasyeva prapañcatadutpattyādīnāmadhiṣṭhānatayā sthitasya tatpadārthasya svasvarūpato niṣkalatvena niṣkriyatvena ca prapañcataddharmatatkarmaleśasaṃbandharahitatvaṃ tadbhinnatvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca sūcitaṃ bhavati | nanu parameśvarasya svatantrasya kālatraye'pi tava sadbhāvo'stu, mama kathaṃ martyasya nityatvaṃ sidhyatītyata āha—na tvamiti | tvaṃ tvaṃpadalakṣyārthaśca jātu kadācinnāsīriti na, kiṃtvāsīreva |

4.12.2

atītānāgatadehotpattyādiṣu jāgradādiṣviva tvamasyeva | yathā jāgrati tiṣṭhata eva tava svapnasaṃbandhaḥ svapne tiṣṭhata eva suṣuptisaṃbandhaḥ, suṣuptau tiṣṭhata eva jāgratsaṃbandhastathā gatadehe tiṣṭhata evaitaddehasaṃbandha etaddehe tiṣṭhata eva bhāvidehasaṃbandho'ṅgīkartavyastvanyathā sukhaduḥkhādivaicitryāsaṃbhavātkarmavaicitryādeva tava sukhādivaicitryaṃ, tattastādṛgvidhakarmakartṛstavāstyeva dehāntareṣu sadbhāvastvanyathākṛtahānā'kṛtābhyāgamaprasaṅgāt | 'janmāntarakṛtaṃ karma bhuñjate jantavo'dhunā' iti, 'yatkarma kurute tadabhisaṃpadyate' ityādiśrutismṛtivirodhaprasaṅgācca pūrvakṛtasyādhunā adhunā kṛtasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ bhāvijanmansanubhunyeta | tathaiva śrūyate 'prāpyāntaṃ karmaṇastasya yatkiṃceha karotyayam | tasmāllokātpuneretyasmai lokāya karmaṇe ||' iti yatastato jāgradādyavasthāsviva gatadeheṣu bhāvideheṣvapi idānīmiva tava triṣvapi kāleṣu sadbhāvo'styevetyarthaḥ | etena tvaṃpadārthasyātmano dehendriyādibhyo bhinnatvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca sūcitaṃ bhavati | ime janādhipāśca nāsanniti na, kiṃtu tvaṃpadārthatvāviśeṣāttriṣu kāleṣvāsanneva | yathāhaṃ tathaivaite'pi nityasiddhasattvabhāvā ityarthaḥ | janādhipā ityavidyāvṛttibhedena bahuvacanaṃ natvātmabhedena | tadbhede pramāṇābhāvāt | nanvātmabhede pramāṇābhāva iti yaduktaṃ tadatisāhasaṃ, ātmatattve vicāryamāṇe tvātmaikatvaṃ na ghaṭate | pratyakṣādipramāṇavirodhāt | tathāhi |

4.12.3

yatra yatra ahaṃpratyayabhedastatratatrātmabheda iti pratidehamahaṃpratyayabhedasya pratyakṣeṇopalabhyamānatvādekatve tu tvamahamayamityādivyavahāralopaprasaṅgāttatta ātmabhede pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇam | ātmabhedābhāve vyavahāro na sidhyatīti vyavahārasiddheranyathānupapattyārthāpattiśca pramāṇam | ātmā prativyakti bhinno bhavati vyaktīnāṃ bhinnatvādvadvādivat, ātmā bhinna eva bhavati prativyattyahaṃpratyayabhedāt vyaktipratyayabhedāt ghaṭādivadityādyanumānaṃ ca pramāṇam | 'aditirdevā gandharvā manuṣyāḥ pitaro'surāḥ' iti devādabhedapratipādakaśrutiśca pramāṇam | 'devadānavagandharvā yakṣarākṣasakinnarāḥ' ityādipurāṇavacanaṃ ca pramāṇam | yadyātmaikatvamevābhyupagamyate tarhi tatra sukhaduḥkhādivyavasthā ca na siddhyet | ekasmin duḥkhini sukhini ca sarve'pi duḥkhinaḥ sukhinaśca syuḥ | devādisarvadeheṣvātmaikatve sarve sarvajñāśca bhaveyuḥ | tena vidhiniṣedhaśāstrāṇāmānarthakyaṃ ca syāt | ekasmin baddhe bandho mukte mokṣaśca sarveṣāṃ prasajyeta | tasmāt pramāṇasiddhamātmānekatvaṃ tvayāpyaṅgīkartavyamiti cenna | vyāptivyabhicārāt pratyakṣāsiddheḥ | yatra yatrāhaṃpratyayabhedastatra tatrātmabheda iti vyāptirvyabhicarati | śiśuḥ kumāro yuvā vṛddho'hamiti śaiśavādidaśābhedenāhaṃpratyayo bhidyate tattadavasthānāṃ bhedāt | nahi kaumāre śiśurahamiti pratyayo'sti tadutpādakaśaiśavābhāvāt, evaṃ yuvatve vṛddhatve ca ahaṃpratyayo bhidyate | tathāpi śaiśavādyavasthāvato'haṃpratyayārthasyātmano bhedādarśanānna pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇam |

4.12.4

nanu 'viśeṣaṇabhedādviśiṣṭasyāpi bhedaḥ' iti nyāyenāvasthābhedādavasthāvato'pi bhedaḥ syāditi cettasya śiśutvādyabhimāninyahaṃkāra eva caritārthatvānnityātmaviṣayatvānupapatteḥ | anyathā bālyamārabhya dehendriyakṛtakāryasmaraṇāsaṃbhavāt | smaryate ca mayā bālye kṛtaṃ kandukakhelanamiti | nātmānekatve etatsmaraṇaṃ ghaṭate anyakṛte karmaṇyanyasya smṛtyadarśanāt | yato bālyamārabhya vṛddhatvādasānakaṃ kṛtaṃ kāryaṃ smaryate, tataḥ pratyayabhedena pratyayārthasya bheda iti pratyakṣamasiddham | vyaktibhedādātmano'pi bheda ityanumānaṃ ca na sidhyati | sthūlasūkṣmakāraṇadehānāṃ jāgratsvapnadehayośca bhede satyapi ahaṃpratyayārthasyātmano bhedābhāvānnānumānasiddhiḥ | śrutistvaditirdevā gandharvā ityātmopādhibhedānvadati natvātmabhedaṃ, sarvatra caitanyasyaikarūpatvānnātmabhedopapattistato devagandharvamanuṣyādidehāḥ sarve jāgrattvamādidehavadātmano bhogāyatana store ānyeva natvātmabhedadyotakāḥ | yathā sthūlādideheraikasyaivātmano bhogo bhidyate tathaiva devādideherapyato devādidehā bhogāyatana store ānyeva bhavanti | yatasteṣu rūpatejaḥsvabhāvādīnāmeva bhedo dṛśyate natu cetanasya | tata evātmaviṣayako'hamasmītyahaṃpratyayaḥ sadaikarūpo bhavati | tena vyaktibhedapratipādanaparaiva śrutirnatvātmabhedapratipādanapareti siddham |

4.12.5

tathaiva purāṇavacanaṃ ca 'yathaikasminneva dehe'vayavabhedamupāśritya śiraḥ karaḥ pāda ityādi vyavahārastathātmaikatve'pi vyaktibhedamupāśritya tvamahamayamityādivyavahāraḥ sidhyati nātmabhedastvapekṣyate, evaṃ vyavahārasiddhāvanyathānupapattyasaṃbhāvnārthāpattiśca pramāṇam | yattvasatyātmabhede sukhaduḥkhādivyavasthā na sidhyatīti | tanna | tasyāḥ karmaikanibandhanatvādekasminneva dehe karmabhedena sukhaduḥkhādivaicitryadarśanātsukhaduḥkhayopuṇyapāpakāryatvena tadbhedādbhoktṛbhedācca sukhaduḥkhādivyavasthopapatteḥ ‘yatkarma kurute tadabhisaṃpadyate' iti, 'yathākārī yathācārī tathā bhavati' iti śruvaṇāttato nātmaikatve sukhādisāṃkaryasiddhiḥ | 'nānyo'to'sti vijñātā' iti śravaṇātphalabhoktṛṇāmanekatvācca | satyapyātmaikatve tadābhāsānāmanekatvopapatteḥ | yadyapyātmaiva sadā sarvatra jānāti tathāpi tattaddehe tattadbuddhimupādāya svayaṃ jānāti dehabhedādbuddhibhedasya niyatatvātpratidehaṃ jñānaṃ tu bhidyate | jñāyate vastvaneneti jñānaṃ nāma buddhivṛttiḥ | sā ca paricchinnā cakṣuriva svasaṃpṛktavastumātraprakāśinī | vṛtteḥ paricchinnatvātpadārthaiḥ sarvaiḥ saṃbandho na ghaṭate | yadi sarvapadārthaiḥ saṃbandhaḥ syāttadā sarve sarvajñā bhaveyustadabhāvānna sarveṣāṃ sārvajñaṃ sidhyati | yathā vibhorapi mahākāśasya śabdasaṃbhūtihetoḥ sarvatra bherīpaṇavādibhiḥ saṃyoge satyapi yatra bheryādistāḍyate tatraiva śabdotpattirna tu sarvatra, tathaikasyātmanaḥ paripūrṇasyāpi yatra buddhivṛtterarthasaṃbandhastatraiva jñānodayo nānyatra |

4.12.6

tato buddhivṛttīnāmanekatvādavyāpakatvācca sarveṣāṃ sārvajñaṃ nopapadyata iti siddham | tataḥ kiṃcijjñānprati pravṛttinivṛttihetutvāddhiniṣedhaśāstrāṇāṃ sārthakyamevopapannaṃ bhavati | prāṇināṃ sarvajñatvābhāvasya pratipāditatvāddhedāntaśravaṇajanyajñānena pratyagabhinnaṃ parabrahma svātmanā yo vijānāti tasyaiva muktirnetarasya | tathāca śrutiḥ-'tadyo yo devānāṃ pratyabudhyata sa eva tadabhavattatharṣīṇāṃ tathā manuṣyāṇām' iti | tata ātmaikatve'pi muktirātmajñānādeva sidhyati 'jñānādeva tu kaivalyam' iti niyamaśravaṇāttata ātmaikatvenaivoktadoṣāṇāmavakāśaḥ | ātmanāmanekatvaṃ pūrṇatvaṃ cābhyupagatayatastava pakṣa evāmī doṣāḥ saṃprasajyante | taducyate | ātmanāmanekatve vibhutve cābhyupagate satyanyonyeṣāmanyonyamanobuddhyādibhiḥ saṃyogaḥ saṃbhavati | tenoktarītyā sukhaduḥkhabandhamokṣādīnāṃ sāṃkaryaṃ ca prasajyate | naika eṣa evānarthaḥ | apitu vibhutvādyasiddhiśca | tathāhi | yadyadvastu svetarabhedavattattatparicchinnamityātmanāmanekatve satyanyonyasattābhiranyonyabhedavattvena paricchinnatvātpūrṇatvaṃ na sidhyati, pūrṇatve'ṅgīkriyamāṇe tvanekatvaṃ ca na sidhyati | pūrṇatvānekatvayoḥ parasparavirodhādātmanāṃ pūrṇatvamanekatvaṃ ca brahmaṇāpi nirvoḍhuṃ na śakyate | tato bhavatāpyātmaikatvamevābhyupagantavyam | kiṃca | paricchinnāścidrūpāścāneke cātmāna iti yaḥ pakṣaḥ so'pi na sidhyati | bahuśrutismṛtiyuktivirodhāt |

4.12.7

‘ākāśavatsarvagataśca nityaḥ’, ‘ekastathā sarvabhūtāntarātmā’, ‘eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ’, ‘ekaḥ san bahudhā vicacāra’, ‘eka eva hi bhūtātmā’, ‘nirapekṣa eka eva sākṣī ekastenedaṃ pūrṇaṃ puruṣeṇa sarvaṃ’, ‘aśarīraṃ śarīreṣvanavastheṣvavasthitam | mahāntaṃ vibhumātmānam’ ityādiśrutibhiḥ | ‘nityaḥ sarvagataḥ sthāṇuḥ’, ‘nityaḥ sarvagato'pyātmā kūṭastho doṣavarjitaḥ | ekaḥ san bhidyate bhrāntyā māyayā na svarūpataḥ’ ityāditismṛtibhiḥ ātmā sarvaśarīreṣveka eva bhavitumarhati pūrṇatvāddhaṭādiṣvākāśavat | ātmā eka eva bhavati niṣkalatvātsarvaprakāśakatvātsarvasākṣitvātsarvatrāhaṃpratyayārthatvāccetyevamādiyuktibhiścātmanaḥ pūrṇataivāvadhriyate | niruktaśrutismṛtiyuktiprāmāṇyādeka evātmeti siddhāntaḥ | yato'haṃ tvaṃ ceme janādhipāśca pūrvoktarītyā bhūtabhaviṣyadvartamānakāleṣu kvacidapi na bhaviṣyāma iti na, kiṃtu bhaviṣyāma eva | triṣvapi kāleṣu sattāvanta eva smastato'haṃ tvaṃ ceme ca sarve vayaṃ paraṃ brahmaiva | prapañcatadabhimānyādisarvadṛśyakalpanādhiṣṭhānabhūtaṃ niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntamanantaṃ nityaśuddhabuddhamuktasatyajñānānandādvayaṃ brahmaiva smaḥ | ‘bhoktā bhogyaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā sarvaṃ proktaṃ trividhaṃ brahmametat’, ‘brahmaivedaṃ sarvam’ iti ca śravaṇāttvāṃ ca māṃ caitāṃśca sarvān paraṃ brahmaiveti jānīhītyarthaḥ |

4.12.8

evaṃ tattvaṃpadārthayoḥ śrutiyuktibhiḥ śodhitayordvayorekatve pratipādite satyapi tvaṃpadārthasyātmano'vidyātatkāryakoṭibhistirohitatvādatisūkṣmatvāt durvijñeyatvācca śroturmumukṣormandaprajñasya yāvadapratibaddhā'parokṣaṃ tāvat ‘āvṛttirasakṛdupadeśāt’ iti nyāyena punaḥ punastvaṃpadārthaśodhanameva samyakkartavyamiti sūcayitumuttaragranthamārabhate | tatra pūrvaṃ tvaṃpadārthasyātmanaḥ kālatraye'pi sadbhāve pratipādite satyapyetaddehanāśānantaraṃ sattā na dṛśyate, kathaṃ tatra sadbhāva iti śaṅkāvantamarjunamā̍lakṣya ātmano dehāntare'pi sattāṃ sadṛṣṭāntaṃ pratyakṣānumānābhyāmavagamayitumāha-

4.13

dehina iti | asmin dehe tvavikriyātmanaivaikarūpeṇāhamahamiti sarvadā tiṣṭhata eva dehinaḥ deha evātmopalambhādātmā dehītyucyate | tasya dehino dehopādhimata ātmanaḥ kaumāraṃ kumārasyedaṃ kaumāraṃ | vapuriti śeṣaḥ | yūnaḥ idaṃ yauvanaṃ vapuḥ | jarā jaropalakṣitaṃ jīrṇavapuśca yathā yena prakāreṇāyāti | kaumāraṃ jahataḥ sata eva yauvanaṃ | yauvanaṃ jahataḥ sata eva jaraṭhaṃ vapuranvāgacchati, tathaiva etat sthūlaṃ jahataḥ sata eva dehāntaramanyo dehaścāyātyavinaśyata evātmanaḥ | ‘jīvāpetaṃ vāva kiledaṃ mriyate na jīvo mriyate’iti śravaṇāt | kiṃca jāgratsvapnadehayoḥ suṣuptau nāśe satyātmasadbhāvo na jñāyate tathāpi suṣuptotthitaḥ svayaṃ yaḥ svapnamadrākṣaṃ yaḥ sukhamasvāpsaṃ so'hamidānīṃ jāgarmīti svapratyabhijñābalena jāgratsvapnasuṣuptiṣvātmanaḥ sattvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca yathā jānāti tathā etaddehanāśānantaramapyātmanaḥ sattvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca vijñāya dhīro vidvān ātmatattvajñaḥ atastatrātmano nityatvaviṣaye na muhyati | gatajanmanyannādyāhāravān bhavitumarhati | idānīṃ svayamupadeśamantareṇaiva stanyāhārapravṛttatvādyannaivaṃ tannaivaṃ yathā pratimādiḥ | ātmā dehāntareṣvāgacchatsu satsu tiṣṭhati nityatvādyathātra kaumārādideheṣu prāpteṣu satsu tiṣṭhati tathetyuktapratyakṣaśrutyanumānairātmano janmāntareṣu sadbhāvaṃ vijñāya tena nityatvameva niścilyātmāsti vā naveti paṇḍito na bhramatītyarthaḥ |
yadyapi pratyakṣānumānaśrutismṛtibhistvaṃpadalakṣyārtha ātmā nitya eveti vijānāmi tathāpi bhīṣmādiśabdavācyārthānāṃ mriyamāṇānāṃ viyogajaṃ duḥkhaṃ soḍhuṃ na śakyata ityāśayavantamarjunamālakṣya brahmavidbhiranātmaviṣayakasukhaduḥkhānusaṃdhānaṃ na kartavyaṃ, kiṃtu śarīrāntarāsaktyā prārabdhavaśātprāptamadhyātmikādi trividhaduḥkhaṃ yattatsoḍhvā tīvramumukṣayā sadā brahmānusaṃdhānameva kartavyamiti sūcayitumāha-

4.14

mātrāsparśā iti | cakṣurādijñānendriyaiḥ sāmānyena mīyanta iti mātrāḥ | vāgādyubhayendriyaiḥ spṛśyante gṛhyanta iti sparśāḥ śabdādayo bhogyapadārthāḥ svayaṃ śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ śītoṣṇavatsukhaduḥkhadāḥ | śītoṣṇāvanukūlau pratikūlau ca santau yathā sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca dadate tathaiva śabdādayo'pyanukūlāḥ pratikūlāśca santaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca dadata ityarthaḥ | yadvā śabdādayaḥ pratikūlamanukūlaṃ vā śītamūṣṇaṃ vāpyadhyātmamutpādya taddvārā sākṣādvā sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca dadatīti śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ | nanu viṣayendriyasaṃyogasya nityatvāttannimittakasukhaduḥkhayorapi nityatve satyātmavidastadanusaṃdhānaṃ vinā brahmānusaṃdhiḥ kathaṃ sidhyatītyata āha— āgameti | āgama utpattirapāyo vināśastadvanto viṣayāstajjanyasukhaduḥkhādayaśca tadvidvadanityāṃstān kṣaṇakālāvasthāyino viṣayān tatsaṃyogaviyogāṃśca titikṣasva | bhārata bhā brahmavidyā tasyāmeva ramata iti bhārata he kaunteya, mumukṣornityasukhārthinaḥ prārabdhādāgatānāṃ sukhaduḥkhādīnāṃ sahanamavaśyaṃ kartavyaṃ tatsahanaṃ kurvata eva śravaṇādi tajjanyaṃ jñānaṃ tatphalaṃ cāpi sidhyatyatastvameteṣāṃ samāgamasukhavadviyogaduḥkhaṃ ca sahasva | pratikriyācintāviṣādarāhityena prāptaduḥkhasahanaṃ mumukṣoruttamo dharmaḥ | tathāca śrutiḥ—'vṛkṣa iva tiṣṭhāsecchidyamāno na kupyeta na kampet | upala iva tiṣṭhāsecchidyamāno na kupyeta na kampet' iti dehendriyādayaḥ śabdādayaścānityāḥ āgamāpāyitvādyannaivaṃ tannaivaṃ yathātmeti, ātmā nityaḥ tadāgamāpāyasākṣitvādyannaivaṃ tannaivaṃ yathā deha ityādyanumānena dehendriyādīnāmanityatvaṃ tatsākṣiṇa ātmano nityatvaṃ cātrāpi sūcitaṃ bhavati |
titikṣutvameva vivekavairāgyaśamadamasaṃnyāsasahitaṃ śravaṇādisādhanaṃ sattajjanyajñānadvārā mokṣaphaladaṃ bhavatītyāha—

4.15

yaṃ hīti | sarvaduḥkhasahanapūrvakaṃ nirantarabrahmaniṣṭhayā yaḥ kaivalyaṃ saṃpādayati sa eva puruṣottama iti sūcayitumidaṃ saṃbodhanam | he puruṣarṣabhārjuna, dhīraṃ viṣayagrahaṇebhyo dhiyaṃ rāti nigṛhṇātīti dhīraḥ sadātmaniṣṭhastam | ataeva samaduḥkhasukhaṃ same duḥkhasukhe yasya taṃ sukhaduḥkhayoḥ prāptayoravikārātmanā tiṣṭhantam| yadvā same samabhāvaṃ brahmabhāvaṃ gamite duḥkhasukhe yasya taṃ yaṃ puruṣaṃ brahmavidamete śītoṣṇādayo na vyathayanti na bādhante niṣṭhāto na cālayanti sa evāmṛtatvāya yadajñānāt mṛtaṃ maraṇaṃ janma ca puṃsastadmṛtaṃ brahma 'etadamṛtamabhayametadbrahma' iti śravaṇāttadbhāvāyāmṛtatvāya kalpate| mukto bhavatītyarthaḥ | 'śānto dānta uparatastitikṣuḥ samāhito bhūtvātmanyevātmānaṃ paśyati sarvamātmānaṃ paśyati' 'abhayaṃ vai brahma' 'abhayaṃ hi vai brahma bhavati' ityetat śrutiprasiddhidyotanārtho hiśabdaḥ |
nanu sarvatra vidyamānānāṃ śabdādīnāmanusaṃdhiṃ sutarāṃ tyaktvā sadā brahmaivānusaṃdhātuṃ na śakyata ityākāṅkṣāyāṃ brahmātiriktasya vastuno'bhāvādbrahmaṇa eva pūrṇatvānnirantaratvācca mumukṣoḥ sadā tadevānusaṃdhātavyamiti sūcayituṃ brahmaṇa eva sattāṃ tadanyasya tvasattāṃ ca pratipādayati—

4.16.1

nāsai iti| sadityastitāmātraṃ vastu sarvagataṃ sūkṣmamekamekarasaṃ nityaṃ niravayavaṃ nirañjanam vijñānaṃ yadavagamyate sarvavedāntebhyaḥ etadvilakṣaṇamasacchabdādilakṣaṇaṃ jagattasyaitasya bhāvaḥ sattā na vidyate nāsti | sati svarūpeṇa vastuni sattā saṃpadyeta | tadabhāvānnasattābhāvaḥ | asadātmano jagataḥ sattve pramāṇābhāvāt | nanvastveva pratyakṣādipramāṇamiti cettvamatra praṣṭavyaḥ | tatsattve pramāṇaṃ kiṃ pratyakṣamanumānaṃ vā, kimupamānaṃ vā, uta śabdo vā | nādyaḥ| idaṃ rajataṃ prādeśamātraścandra ityādau vyabhicāradarśanāt | tatra pramāṇaprameyayoḥ samyaksaṃsargābhāvāddhyabhicāraḥ | tadanyatra pramāṇameveti cenna | dāruṇi gaja iti mṛdi ghaṭa iti viparītagrahadarśanādvyabhicārānucchitteḥ | na dvitīyaḥ | tvatpakṣe prapañcasya pratyakṣatvāttatrānumānānupayukteḥ | nāpi tṛtīyaḥ | gosadṛśo gavaya itivattatsadṛśaṃ jagaditi sādṛśyāsaṃbhavāt, astyeva sādṛśyaṃ svapna iti cettathātve mithyātve'pi tatsādṛśyāpatteḥ | naiva caturthaḥ | vikalpo nahi vastu, nahyasti dvaitasiddhiḥ asattvādanyasyeti jagato'sattvaśrutiṃ vinā śrutibhyastatsadbhāvāśravaṇāt | nanu 'ātmana ākāśaḥ saṃbhūtaḥ' iti, 'yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante' iti ca brahmaṇaḥ sakāśājjagadutpattiḥ śrūyate | brahmakāryatvena jagato'stitve śrutirastyeva pramāṇamiti cettvamatra praṣṭavyaḥ | brahmakāryaṃ yajjagadasti tadbrahmaṇo bhinnaṃ kimabhinnaṃ vā uta bhinnābhinnaṃ vā | bhinnatvapakṣe kāryaṃ sadvā kimasadvā uta sadasadvā | ādye kāryasya kāraṇasattā vā kimu kāryasattā vā | nādyaḥ |

4.16.2

kāryakāraṇayoḥ sattaikatve svataḥ sattābhāvātkāryasyāsattvāpatteḥ | dvitīye kāryasattā sadrūpā vā kimasadrūpeti | ādye sadrūpakāryasattā kāraṇasattāyāḥ bhinnā vā kimabhinnā vā | nādyaḥ | brahmaṇaḥ pūrṇatvena nirantaratvātkāryasya tatsattāvyatiriktasattāsaṃbhavādasattvameva syāt | na dvitīyaḥ | sattayorubhayoḥ sadrūpeṇaikatvāvagamātkāryasya kāraṇabhinnatvāsaṃbhavādasattvāvyāhateḥ | asadrūpeṇa bhinnāyāḥ kāryasattāyāḥ svataḥ svarūpābhāvātkāryasya śūnyatvāpatteḥ | kāryasyāsattvapakṣe jagataḥ śaśaviṣāṇavatsvarūpaśūnyatvādbrahmakāryatvānupapatteḥ | nanvasato'pi jagataḥ pradhvaṃsābhāvavatkāryatvamupapadyata eveticenna | pradhvaṃsābhāvasyāpi kāraṇasaṃbandhāsaṃbhavātkāryatvānupapatteḥ| kartṛkaraṇādikārakasaṃbandhe satiṃ khalu janikriyāyāṃ ghaṭādeḥ kāryatvaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ tathaiva kāraka saṃbandhavattve pradhvaṃsasya bhāvatvāpattāvabhāva iti nirdeśādyogātkārakasaṃbandhaḥ sata eva sāvayavasya ghaṭate netarasya | nahi ghaṭanāśanasāmagrīsaṃbandhaḥ pradhvaṃsasyātyantā'sata upayujyate, tadabhāvādeva pradhvaṃsābhāvasya na kāryatvaṃ, tathaiva jagato'pyasato na kāryatvaṃ sidhyati | sadasattvapakṣe'pi sattvāsattvayorbhāvābhāvadharmatvenānyonyaviruddhatvādekādhikaraṇatvāsaṃbhavāttādṛgdharmavaiśiṣṭyānupapattau sutarāṃ jagato brahmakāryatvānupapatteḥ | tarhi kārya kāraṇābhinnameveti cenna |

4.16.3

bahvanarthāgamaprasaṅgātkāryasya jagato jaḍātmano brahmābhinnatve brahmaṇo'pi dṛśyatvānityatvāprakāśatvaduḥkha rūpatva sāvayavatvādidoṣaparamparāprasaṅgāttadiṣṭapattireveti cettava jagadāndhyaprasaktyā'haṃmamedamityādivyavahārāsiddheḥ bhavato'pi jaḍatvena jñānānutpattau mokṣābhāvaprasaṅgāt 'tarati śokamātmavit' ityādiśrutivaiyarthyāpatteḥ | brahmānandaprāptikāmānāṃ satāṃ muktau pravṛttivicchedaprasaṅgāt, 'yattadadreśyamagrāhyam' iti, 'ajo nityaḥ śāśvataḥ' ityādiśrutivirodhaprasaṅgācca | tarhi tṛtīya eva pakṣo'stviticenna | bhinnābhinnatayoranyonyaviruddhatvenaikāśrayatvāsaṃbhavāt | evaṃ jagato brahmakāryatvānupapattau śrutipramāṇakatvaṃ ca na sidhyati | nanvevaṃ sati 'yato vā' ityādi śrutermṛṣāvāditvenāprāmāṇyāpāta iticenna | tasyābrahmaṇo'dvitīyatvapratipādanaparatayā prāmāṇyābhyupagamātkecijjagatkāraṇaṃ paramāṇava iti vadanti | prakṛtirityapare | taddurarīkṛtya kāryakāraṇābhyāṃ sarvaśrutiprasiddhamadvitīyatvaṃ brahmaṇo vyeti, tadasahamānayānayā śrutyā jagadupādānatvaṃ brahmaṇaḥ pratipādyate | nanūktarītyā jagadbrahmaṇoḥ kāryakāraṇabhāvānupapattau kathamupādānaṃ brahmeti cedvivartopādānaṃ brahmeti brūmaḥ | vivartatvaṃ nāmādhiṣṭhānasyānyathābhānamātraṃ |

4.16.4

tacca grahīturgrahaṇadoṣakṛtaṃ śukteryathā rajatākāreṇa pratītiḥ śuktiyāthātmyasaṃdarśanena rajatābhāsasya śuktimātratvavadadhiṣṭhānabrahmasvarūpasākṣātkāreṇa jagato'pi pratītimātrasya ‘tadananyatvamārambhaṇaśabdādibhyaḥ’ iti, ‘vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyam’ ityādiśrutiprāmāṇyādbrahmamātratvasiddhau brahmaṇo'dvitīyatve'vyāhate satyatraivaṃ pūrvoktadoṣānavakāśaḥ, kāryasya nāmamātratvāvaśepāyata evaṃ tato'rthataḥ śabdādiprapañcasadbhāvena śrutiḥ pramāṇam | nāpi pratyakṣamanumānaṃ ca | tasmādaprāmāṇikatvājjagataḥ svataḥ sattā nāstīti siddham | evamasata: śabdāde: sattābhāvaṃ pratipādya idānīṃ brahmaṇaḥ svasvarūpasya sadbhāvaṃ pratipādayati—nābhāvo vidyate sata iti | sāmānyaviśeṣabhāvaśūnyamakhaṇḍacidekarasaṃ sarvavikriyārahitaṃ sadevetyādiśrutiprasiddhamapūrvamanaparamanantaramabāhyaṃ yatsattasya satassvabhāvo nāstitvaṃ kaścitkadācinna vidyate | jāgratsvapnasuṣuptyādiṣu sadbhāvadarśanādātmanaḥ sadā sattve pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇaṃ | ātmā nityasattāko bhavati avasthātrayasākṣitvādyannaivaṃ tannaivaṃ yathā dehādirityādyanumānaṃ ca | ‘ayamātmā sanmātro nityaḥ śuddho buddhaḥ’ iti, ‘ajo nityaḥ śāśvataḥ’ iti, ‘tathā'rasaṃ nityamagandhavacca’ ityādi śrutiśca pramāṇam |

4.16.5

evaṃ sarvapramāṇairnirdhāritanityasattākasya sataḥ pratyagabhinnasya brahmaṇassvabhāvaḥ kadācinnāstīti tattvadarśibhistattvaṃ sarvādhiṣṭhānabhūtasya brahmaṇo yāthātmyamabādhitasvarūpaṃ satyajñānānandātmakaṃ yattadeva sadā sarvatra draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te tattvadarśinastairbrahmavidbhirevamubhayoḥ sadasatoranto niścayaḥ sadā sarvatra brahmaikamevāsti na tato'nyaditi niṣkarṣo dṛṣṭaḥ kṛta ityarthaḥ | etena tvamapyātmanastvanityatvabhramamutsṛjya niḥśoko bhūtvā ‘sarvaṃ khalvidaṃ brahma’ ityādiśrutyarthamavaṣṭabhya sarvatra brahmadarśanaparo bhaveti sūcitaṃ bhavati | nanu saditi sāmānyaṃ, uta svarūpam | sāmānyatve tasya viśeṣāpekṣatvena pralayadaśāyāmaśeṣaviśeṣavināśe vināśaḥ syāt | viśeṣāṇāmapi kāryatvena tatra vināśaḥ syāt | sāmānyasyāpi taddharmatvena vināśopapatteḥ | svarūpatve tasya vyāvṛtatve kalpitatvādvināśitvamupāttaṃ anuvṛttatve tasyaiva sāmānyatvenoktadoṣaprasaktirityāśaṅkāyāṃ tasya sāmānyaviśeṣabhāvaśūnyatvānna kathaṃcidapi vināśa upapadyata ityāha—

4.17

avināśi tviti | idaṃ paridṛśyamānamavidyākāryamasajjagatsarvaṃ yenātisūkṣmeṇa vibhunā sadātmakena marīcyā jalapravāhavattataṃ antarbahiśca vyāptaṃ bhavati tatsacchabditaṃ vastu avināśi yathā asattathā vinaṣṭuṃ vināśanavikriyāyā viṣayatāṃ prāptumanarhaṃ śīlaṃ svabhāvaḥ sattā yasya tadavināśi | atisūkṣmatvādatimahattvācca svayaṃ vināśanakriyātigaṃ sannityameva bhavatītyarthaḥ | ātmā nityaḥ paripūrṇatvādvaga navaditi nityatve anumānaṃ pramāṇaṃ | naṣṭe'pyekasmin Spotting subtle punctuation: 'pramāṇaṃ | naṣṭe' might be 'pramāṇaṃ | naṣṭe' or 'pramāṇam |' - it's 'pramāṇaṃ | naṣṭe'pyekasmindehe padārthāḥ sarvatra sarveṣāmupalabhyante | satye vātmani ravivatsarvaprakāśake padārthopalabdhiranyathānupapattiriti tatprasūtārthāpattiśca pramāṇam | atrātmano nāśaṃ vadan vādī praṣṭavyaḥ kimātmano nāśaḥ svato vā, kiṃ parato vā, kimāśrayanāśādvā, kiṃ saṃbandhināśādvā, uta kāraṇanāśādvā, atha kāryanāśādveti | nādyaḥ | niravayavatvādyathā sāvayavasya svāvayavāpacayānnāśastathā niravayavasyātmanaḥ svato nāśānupapatteḥ | na dvitīyaḥ | tasyāpyātmatvena svaṃprati svasya kartṛkarmatvāyogāttato'pi nāśāsaṃbhavāt | na tṛtīyaḥ | 'kasmin bhagavaḥ pratiṣṭhita iti sve mahimnīti' ityātmanaḥ svātiriktāśrayābhāvaśravaṇādāśrayanāśanimittakanāśānupapatteḥ | nāpi caturthaḥ | ātmano niravayavatvena dravyaguṇakriyādibhiḥ saṃyogādisaṃbandhasya nirūpayitumaśakyatvāttadviśleṣaprayuktanāśāsaṃbhūteḥ | nāpi ca pañcamaḥ | 'na cāsya kaścijjanitā' iti brahmaṇaḥ kāraṇābhāvaśravaṇāttannimittakanāśāyogāt | naiva ca ṣaṣṭhaḥ | 'na tasya kāryaṃ karaṇaṃ ca vidyate' iti kāryābhāvaśravaṇātkāryanāśanimittakanāśāsaṃbhavānna kenāpi prakāreṇedaṃ saṅgraha vyetītyavyayaṃ tasyaitasyāvyayasya nityasiddhasattākasya brahmaṇo vināśabhāvaṃ kartuṃ vaktuṃ ca ko'pi vādiviśeṣo nārhati | tathātve svasyaiva nāhamasmītyabhāvaprasaṅgaḥ bahuśrutivirodhaḥ pratyakṣādivirodhaśca prasajyata iti bhāvaḥ |
'aśocyānanvaśocastvam' ityatra tvaṃpadavācyārtho dehādirjanmādimattvenānityatvādaśocya eva | tvaṃpadalakṣyārtho'pyātmā svayamajatvena janmādiśūnyatayā nityatvādaśocya evetyubhayorapyaśocyatve yatkāraṇatvena sūcitaṃ tayoranityatvanityatvājñānaṃ tadidānīṃ mukhato vispaṣṭayan tena nivṛttaśokamarjunamālakṣya sa yasminnarthe svayameva pūrvaṃ pravṛttastatraiva taṃ protsāhayati

4.18.1

antavanta iti | aprameyasya pratyakṣādipramāṇaiḥ pramāpayitumaśakyasya | nahyasti pratyakṣāderviṣayatātmanaḥ pramāpayitrī | tathāhi | nātmā pratyakṣaviṣayaḥ śabdādirahitatvāt 'aśabdamasparśam' iti śruteḥ | nānumānaviṣayaḥ liṅgābhāvāt 'naiva ca tasya liṅgam' iti śruteḥ | nāpyupamānaviṣayaḥ sādṛśyābhāvāt, 'hetudṛṣṭāntavarjitam' iti śruteḥ | na śabdasyāpi viṣayaḥ nāmarūpajātyādyabhāvāt 'yattadadreśyamagrāhyamagotram' iti śruteḥ | nanu 'taṃ tvaupaniṣadam' iti śrūyate kathaṃ śabdāgamyatvamiti cetsatyam | yadyapi śrūyate tathāpi śabdapravṛttinimittābhāvānna tatra śabdaḥ pravartate 'yato vāco nivartante' iti śruteḥ | tarhi śruteraprāmāṇyamiti cenna | nirviśeṣādhigamakatvātprāmāṇyopapatteḥ | śrutirātmanyadhyastāśeṣaviśeṣaṃ nirasyā'dhiṣṭhānabhūtaṃ sanmātraṃ nirviśeṣamātmānamadhigamayati tena prāmāṇyamupapadyate | ātmanaḥ saviśeṣatvena jñātatve'pi nirviśeṣatasyājñātatvādajñātajñāpakatvena śruteḥ pramāṇalakṣaṇasaṃbhavāt, tathāpīdantayā sākṣānnirdeśṭumaśakyatvādātmā śruteraviṣaya eva | kiṃca ātmani viṣaye tvanyathānupapatterabhāvānnāpyarthāpatterviṣayaḥ | bhāvatvādupalabdherapyaviṣayaḥ | vāgaviprayatvādaitihāsayāpyaviṣayaḥ | ityātmanastvaprameyatvaṃ siddham | sarveṣāṃ pramāṇānāṃ prameyānāṃ ca yataḥ prāmāṇyasiddhistaṃ kiṃ pramāpayet | 'vijñātāramare kena vijānīyāt' iti śruteḥ |

4.18.2

svasminnadhyastasarvapramāṇaprameyasadbhāvāsadbhāvaprakāśakatvātsvaprakāśatvācca ātmanaḥ svataeva prāmāṇyaṃ natu kvacicca paratastata evāprameyastasyāvināśino vināśaḥ sattā'darśanaṃ paricchittistadabhāvo'syāstītyavināśī anantaḥ 'satyaṃ jñānamanantam' iti śrutestasyāvināśino'paricchinnasya paripūrṇasyā'taeva nityasya | nanu paricchinnasyāpi paramāṇorasti nityatvamiti cenna | tannityatve pramāṇābhāvāt | 'sarvagataśca nityaḥ' iti, 'yo vai bhūmā tadamṛtam' iti śravaṇādaparicchinnasyaiva bhūmno nityatvaṃ natu paricchinnasya, 'yadalpaṃ tanmartyam' iti śruteḥ | śarīriṇaḥ brahmādistambakāntāni śarīrāṇyupalabdhisthānatvenāsya santīti śarīrī sarvaprāṇiśarīropādhikastasya ātmā tveka evetyātmaikatve idaṃ bhagavadvacanaṃ pramāṇaṃ | yataḥ śarīriṇa ityātmaikatvamime dehā itīdamā nirdiśyamānānāṃ dehānāmanekatvaṃ ca vakti | śarīriṇaḥ sarvaśarīreṣvahamityupalabhyamānasya nityasyātmanaḥ ime ubhayatra senayordṛśyamānā bhīṣmādiśabdavācyā uktā 'ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrāḥ' ityādinā tvayoktā dehāḥ sarve antavantaḥ anto'vasānamadarśanaṃ tadvantaḥ | janmādimattvena pratītimātratvena cāniyatasattākā iti yāvat | nahi śuktirajatavadadhiṣṭhānabhramakalpitānāṃ dehādīnāṃ sattā saṃbhavati pramāṇato gṛhyamāṇaṃ yato'sataḥ sattābhāvaḥ pradarśitaḥ 'nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ' iti tatastvamevaṃ dehādīnāmantavattvaṃ dehinastvātmano nityatvaṃ ca samyak avijñāya pūrvaṃ madīyā ete mriyanta iti śocitavānasi | idānīṃ śrutiyuktyanubhavairvicāryamāṇe ātmano dehānāṃ cāśocyatvaṃ siddhamanubhūtaṃ ca tvayā |

4.18.3

yasmāt tasmāt he bhārata vivekavijñānasaṃpanna, yudhyasva yuddhāya yatasveti pūrvameva yuddhāya pravṛttamarjunaṃ bhrāntyā śocantaṃ tacchokamūlamapanīya svakāryaṃ kurvityanujānīte bhagavān, bubhukṣuṃ śaṅkitaṃ śaṅkāmapāsya bhuṅkṣvetivat natu yuddhaṃ kurviti niyuṅkte | jñānakāṇḍe karmavidheranupayuktatvāt 'nahi karmaṇi karmārambhaḥ' iti karmaṇi karmāntarasyaivānupayuktatve kiṃ vaktavyaṃ svapratipakṣe jñānaprakaraṇe karmavidheranupayuktatvam | prayāsyantaṃ prayāhītivat yotsyantaṃ yudhyasvetyanumatimātraṃ bhagavato vacanasya tātparyam | yadvā 'etaṃ vai tamātmānaṃ viditvā brāhmaṇā vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṃ caranti' iti brahmavidāṃ brāhmaṇānāṃ sarvaiṣaṇābhyo vyutthitavatāṃ śarīrayātrārthaṃ bhikṣāvidhiḥ śrūyate | jñānināmapyavaśyaṃ śarīrayātrāyāṃ vartitavyamiti, tadvadatrāpi brahmavidāṃ prāṇatrāṇamavaśyaṃ kartavyamiti sūcayituṃ jñānaprakaraṇe ātmajñānino'rjunasya kṣatriyatvena yuvatvena ca saṃnyāsavanasthatayoranupapattau, rājño'sya rājyenaiva śarīrayātrā bhavitavyā rājyasya parākrāntatvena tajjayāya yatasveti śarīrayātrātra bhagavatā vidhīyate | 'śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasiddhyedakarmaṇaḥ' ityagre ucyate ca yatastato na kaścidatra karmavidhiriti mantavyam |

4.18.4

yattu 'pāpamevāśrayedasmān' iti, 'saṃkaro narakāyaiva kulaghnānām' iti, 'kathaṃ bhīṣmamahaṃ saṃkhye' ityātmanaḥ pāpakriyāviṣayatvaṃ tatphalabhoktṛtvaṃ tatkriyākartṛtvaṃ ca manyase tadātmasvarūpājñānakṛtameva bhavati | satyātmatattve parijñāte na kasyāpi vikalpasyāvakāśo'stītyātmayāthātmyamavagamayituṃ tatprakāśanaparau mantrāvarthataḥ paṭhati | tatrādyenātmanaḥ kriyāśrayatvaṃ tadviṣayatvaṃ ca yo manyate sa śrutavedānto'pi mūḍha evetyāha-

4.19

ya enamiti | yastvahamimaṃ hanmītyahaṃpratyayārthamenaṃ prakṛtamātmānaṃ hantāraṃ hananakriyāyāḥ kartāraṃ manyate, yo'hamanena hato'smītyenamātmānaṃ pareṇa hataṃ taddhananakriyāyā viṣayabhūtaṃ ca manyate | evamātmānaṃ hananakriyāyā āśrayaṃ viṣayaṃ ca manyamānau tau ubhau puruṣāvātmānaṃ na vijānītaḥ | yathābhūtamātmatattvaṃ sākṣānna viditavantau | yato'yamātmā na svayaṃ yaṃ ca kaṃcana hanti yena kenāpi na hanyate | dehendriyādiṣu vyāpṛteṣu satsvayamātmā calite'pi ca vṛkṣe tadantaḥstha ākāśa iva kūṭasthāsaṅgacidrūpeṇa sarvatrodāsīnatayā tūṣṇīmāsta ityarthaḥ | ‘na tadaśnāti kiṃcana na tadaśnāti kaścana’ iti śruteḥ | ātmā niṣkriyata eva bhavati niravayavatvādākāśavadityādiyuktibhiḥ, ‘niṣphalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntam’ iti, ‘sākṣī cetā kevalo nirguṇaśca’ ityādiśrutibhiścātmā niṣkriya eveti śrutvā matvā ca svaṃ kartāraṃ bhoktāraṃ sukhinaṃ ca duḥkhinaṃ ca yo manute nāsāvātmatattvaṃ vijānāti, apitu tasya śravaṇādikriyāmṛtaprasavāprasavakriyāvacchlaimakaphalaiveti sūcitaṃ bhavati |
tarhyātmatattvaṃ kathaṃbhūtamityākāṅkṣāyāṃ yāskapaṭhitajanmādiṣaḍbhāvavikārarahitatayā kūṭasthāsaṅgacidrūpatvamevātmanaḥ svābhāvikaṃ tattvamityātmatattvanirdhāraṇāya dvitīyaṃ mantraṃ paṭhati—

4.20

na jāyata iti | atra kadācicchabdaḥ kadācinna jāyate kadācinna mriyata iti sarvatra saṃbadhyate | vāśabdau cārthoṃ bhavataḥ | atrāja ityajatvenaiva sarvavikārāsaṃbhave prāptepi svayaṃ śrutiḥ kaṇṭharaveṇa pratyekaṃ tānniṣedhati ātmano nirvikāratvajñānasya nirvicikitsatvāya | ajaḥ | yatsākṣātkārādvidvān punarna jāyate so'jaḥ svayaṃjananarahito vā'jo'yamātmākadācinna jāyate niravayavatvānnotpadyate | ‘niṣphalaṃ niṣkriyam’ iti, ‘na cāsya kaścijjanitā na cādhipaḥ’ iti niravayavatvaniṣkāraṇatvaśravaṇādātmano janikriyā nopapadyata iti bhāvavikāraḥ prathamo nirastaḥ | na mriyate ca tenaiva hetunā'yamātmā nāśakriyāṃ na prāpnotīti ṣaṣṭho vikāro nirastaḥ | ayamātmā bhūtvā janikriyāyāḥ prāpya bhūyaḥ punarbhavitā cāstitvamānna bhavati | ghaṭavajjanmānantarabhāvyastitvaṃ na prāpnoti kiṃtu mṛdiva janyanapekṣitaprāktanasattāvāneva bhavatīti dvitīyo vikāro nirastaḥ | niravayavatvādātmā nitya ekarūpa iti vipariṇāmalakṣaṇaścaturtho vikāro nirastaḥ | ekarūpayaiva sattā śāśvadbhavatīti śāśvata ityapakṣayalakṣaṇaḥ pañcamo vikāro nirastaḥ | niravayavatvenāyaṃ purāpyadhunā ca sarvadā navatvāt purāṇa iti vṛddhilakṣaṇastṛtīyo vikāro nirastaḥ | evaṃ ṣaḍbhirbhāvavikārairvarjitatve pratipādite satyātmano nityakūṭasthāsaṅgacidrūpatvamādyantaśūnyatvamadvitīyatvaṃ ca sūcitaṃ bhavati | tathāpyasya śroturdehanāśādātmanāśabhramo na naṣṭa iti matvā yatra bhramastatraiva pumān samyagbodhanīya iti tasya bhramaṃ chettumāha—na hanyata iti | asmin śarīre khaṅgādinā hanyamāne chidyamāne satyapyātmā nirvikāratvāt svayaṃ ghaṭe bhidyamāne ghaṭākāśavanna hanyate hananakriyāyā viṣayo na bhavati | ghaṭe naṣṭe ghaṭākāśavaddehe naṣṭe satyātmā svayaṃ svarūpeṇaiva tiṣṭhati | tathāca śrutiḥ 'avināśī vā are'yamātmā'nucchittidharmā' iti |
evamātmano'hamarthasya nirvikāratvaṃ nityakūṭasthāsaṅgacidrūpatā tadetatpāramārthikaṃ tattvamiti pratipādya īdṛśamātmatattvaṃ viditavato viduṣaḥ sarvakarmasaṃnyāsa evādhikāro nānyatreti sūcayitumāha—

4.21

vedeti | brahmacaryāhiṃsādivivekavairāgyaśamadamādiścaryācāryeśvaraprasādādilakṣaṇayā niyatayā śrutyādisādhanasaṃpattyā yukto mokṣakaprayojanoktamumukṣuradhikārī brahmavidgurusannidhau śraddhābhaktibhyāmajasraṃ kṛtaśravaṇādijanyajñānenānubhūyamānamenaṃ pratyagrūpamātmānamahamarthamajaṃ janmādisarvavikāraśūnyamata evāvyayaṃ yena kenāpi prakāreṇa na vyetītyavyayaṃ avināśinaṃ vināśaḥ pramāṇena rajjusarpāderiva sattābādhaḥ dravyaguṇādibhiḥ paricchedaḥ tadabhāvo'syāstītyavināśī paripūrṇastamata eva nityamekarasamadvitīyāmātmatattvamidamevāhamāsmīti sākṣādyo veda sa puruṣaḥ sarvātmabhāvaṃ gato vidvān kathaṃ kena prakāreṇa kaṃ hanti kaṃ viṣayīkṛtya hananakriyāṃ karoti | kaṃ ghātayati kaṃ hananakriyāyāṃ pravartayati | sarvatra kiṃśabda ākṣepārthaka eva bhavati natu praśnārthakaḥ | pratyuttarādarśanāt | kathamiti sādhanamākṣipya kamiti viṣayākṣepaḥ | kaṃ ghātayatīti prayojyākṣepaḥ | evaṃ
'manasā hyeva paśyati' iti śruteḥ | nāpica pañcamaḥ | vikāritvāt jñātṛtvānupapattāvahamarthatvānupapatteḥ | nanvahaṃ jānāmītyahaṃkārasyāpi jñātṛtvaṃ pratīyata iti cenna | svato jaḍatvāt jñātṛtvānupapatteḥ | yathā ahaṃ manuṣya ityanyadharmā- dhyāsastathā jñātāhamityanyadharmādhyāsa eva | svato jaḍatvena jñātṛtvamasya na saṃbhavati | jñātṛtvasya cetanadharmatvādaddehadṛṣṭṛtvavat śaiśave mayā drākṣā bhu- kteti tena tena sahaiva vikāreṇa vinaśyato'haṃkārasya vikāriṇaḥ śaiśava- bhuktadrākṣānubhūtiścirakālikī vṛddhatve nopapadyate | tadanupapattāvahamarthatvaṃ na saṃbhavati | mamāyamahaṃkāro duṣṭa iti svātiriktasya jñeyatvena jñātṛtvānupapattā- vahamarthatvāsiddheḥ | nāpi ṣaṣṭho nāpi ca saptamo nāpyaṣṭamaśca | viśvādīnāṃ jñātṛvyatiriktatvenāhamarthatvāyogātteṣāmekaikāvasthābhimānitvena vyavasthāta- ddharmavijñānāsaṃbhavāt | yaḥ svapnamadrākṣaṃ yaḥ sukhamasvāpsaṃ so'haṃ jāgarmītyava- sthātritayajñāturviśvādibhyo bhinnatvamevāvagamyate nityatvamavikāritvaṃ ca | ataḥ pāriśeṣyādātmaiva jñātā | 'nānyo'to'sti vijñātā' iti śruteḥ| nanu niravayavasyātmano buddhitadvṛttīndriyairindriyārthaiḥ saṃbandhāsaṃbhavātkathaṃ jñātṛtvamiti cedbuddhyādibhiradhyāsikasaṃbandhasya saṃbhavādavikriyasyāpyā- tmano jñātṛtvaṃ sidhyati | yata evaṃ tato vijñāturātmana evāhamarthatvam | 'ahaṃ vijānāmi viviktarūpaḥ' iti śruteḥ | tata ātmaiva vidvān niru- ktavijñānasya viduṣaḥ saṃbhavādevaṃ vidvadātmanorabhinnatve 'ayamātmā brahma' ityātmano brahmābhinnatvaśravaṇādavikriyo'hamiti viduṣaḥ svasyāvikriyatvā- dvitīyatvajñānasiddherniraṅkuśatvādvikriyabrahmātmatvajñānabalena sarvakarmasaṃnyāsa upapadyata eveti siddham |
nanvātmanaḥ svato vikriyāvattvābhāve'pi pūrvāparadehaparigrahaparityāgayo- rvikriyāvattvamaupādhikaṃ saṃbharvāta pūrvāparagiriyogādbhānoriva tenāvikriyatva- masiddhamityāśaṅkya, vāsāṃsi gṛhṇato jahataśca puruṣasya yathā'vikriyatvaṃ tathaivātmano'pi dehopādānavisargarayorityātmanastavikriyatvaṃ dehādibhinnatvaṃ taddharmatatkarmatadavasthārāhityaṃ ca sūcayitumāha-

4.22

vāsāṃsīti | naraḥ puruṣo jīrṇāni vāsāṃsi vihāyāparāṇi nāma- rūpalakṣaṇaiḥ pūrvaviparītāni navāni vāsāṃsi svayamavikriyaḥ sanneva yathā gṛhṇāti tathā dehī dehe'hamityupalabhyamāna ātmā svayamavikārātmanā
sthitaḥ sanneva jīrṇāni kālakarmavaśāttyājyatāṃ prāptāni śarīrāṇi vihāya anyāni nāmarūpajātiguṇaviśeṣaiḥ pūrvavilakṣaṇāni saṃyāti prāpnoti natu svayaṃ vikriyate | yathā vastrāṇāmevāgamanirgamau nāmarūpavaicitryaṃ śaithilyaṃ ca natu puruṣasya, tathā śarīrāṇāmevāgamāpāyāvavāntaravikāraśca natvātmano niravayavasyeti dehendriyādibhyo bhinnatvamavikriyatvaṃ nityatvaṃ cātmanaḥ sūcitaṃ bhavati |
nanu ghaṭajalanāśāttatrasthapratibimbasyeva śastrādinā dehavināśe satyātmano'pi tatropalabhyamānasya caramavikāraḥ syādevāto'vikriyatvamasiddhamityata āha—

4.23

nainamiti | śasyante padārthā ebhiriti śastrāṇyasigadādayaḥ pṛthivīvikārā dehavadenaṃ prakṛtamātmānaṃ na chindantyavayavaviśleṣaṃ na kurvanti | niravayavatvādākāśavatteṣāṃ viśasanakriyāviṣayo na bhavatyātmetyarthaḥ | āpo'pi nainamātmānaṃ dehavat kledayanti ārdratāmāpādya sāvayavasyeva niravayavasyātmanaḥ śaithilyaṃ saṃpādayituṃ na śaknuvanti | pāvako'gnirapi dehavannainaṃ dahati dahanakriyāyā aviṣayatvāt bhasmīkartuṃ na śaknoti snehaśoṣaṇena dehaṃ yathā śoṣayati tathā | māruto'pyenaṃ na śoṣayati | śoṣaṇakriyāyā agocaratvādenaṃ śuṣkīkartuṃ na śaknoti yathā ghaṭaṃ jalaṃ kledayati śastrāṇi tāḍanīyāni tāḍayanti vāyuḥ śoṣayati vahnirdahati, tathā tatrasthamākāśaṃ niravayavaṃ na kledayati na tāḍayati na śoṣayati na dahati, tadvadātmānaṃ dehasthamiti bhāvastato'vikriyatvamātmanaḥ siddham | etena jarārogādayo bhautikā daivikāścopadravāḥ sarve śarīrasyaiva nātmano'hamarthasyeti dehādibhinnatvenātmano dehaṃ viṣayīkṛtya prāptānarthāgocaratvamuktam | tatasteṣu prāpteṣvapi sthiraprajñatayā brahmavidbhiḥ sthātavyamiti sūcitaṃ bhavati |
vāsāṃsi jīrṇānīti yato dehavyatiriktatvamātmanaḥ pratipāditaṃ tato dehasyaiva chedādayo dṛśyaviṣayakāḥ natvātmano niravayavasyeti chedakledadahanaśoṣagāni bhūtacatuṣṭayakāryāṇi na prasarantyātmanīti sphuṭamāha—

4.24

acchedya iti | sanātano'nādiḥ | 'na tasya kaścijanitā na cādhipaḥ' iti śravaṇādātmāyaṃ niravayavatvena kutaścitkāraṇādutpanno na bhavatīti sanātanaḥ janmādivikārarahitastata eva nityaḥ nityatvādeva sarvagataḥ paripūrṇaḥ | nityatve sarvagatatve'pyātmanaḥ kriyāśaktyāśrayatvamastviti na śaṅkanīyam | nityatvādidharmavatyākāśe tadadarśanāt | ataeva sthāṇuḥ sthirasvabhāvaḥ sthiratvādevācalaḥ | ayamayamityaparokṣeṇa nirdeśa ātmano vidvatpratyakṣaviṣayatvajñāpanārtham | sanātanatvānnityatvāt sthiratvādacalatvāccāyamātmā svayamacchedyaḥ chettumaśakyaḥ, adāhyo dagdhumaśakyaḥ, akledyaḥ kledayitumaśakyaḥ, aśoṣyaśca śoṣayitumaśakya eva bhavati | śastrādīnāmityarthaḥ | sanātanatvaviśeṣaṇena nirvikāratvaṃ, nityatvaviśeṣaṇena pramāṇāntarābādhyatvaṃ, sthiratvācalatvaviśeṣaṇābhyāṃ kriyāyā anāśrayatvamaviṣayatvaṃ, pūrṇatvaviśeṣaṇenā'dvitīyatvaṃ, nityaśuddhatvamānandaikarasatvaṃ cātmanaḥ sūcitaṃ bhavati |
'tarati śokamātmavit' iti śravaṇādātmani vijñāte śokanivṛttirātmavijñānaṃ tvātmānātmaśodhanaṃ vinā na sidhyatīti tacchodhanamupakramya, vāsāṃsīti sthūlaśarīrabhinnatvamātmanaḥ pratipādya, nainaṃ chindanti śastrāṇīti chedāderaviṣayatve pratipādite sūkṣmakāraṇayoḥ śastrāderaviṣayatvasaṃbhavāttatrātmatvabuddhiḥ syāt sā mā bhūditi avyaktācintyapadābhyāṃ tadbhinnatvaṃ pratipādayannavikāryatvaṃ ca vadannetalakṣaṇamātmānaṃ viditavatastava na punaḥ śoko yukta ityupakrāntamupasaṃharati—

4.25

avyakta iti | ahaṃkāramamakārādibhirvyajyata iti vyaktaṃ liṅgaśarīraṃ taddharmatadavasthāsākṣittvena tato bhinnatvādātmāyamavyakto vyaktādbhinnaḥ mamedaṃ duḥkhaṃ prāptamiti duḥkhānubhavitṛ yena jñāyate sa tasmādbhinna eva nātra saṃśayaḥ | tathaivācintyaśca adṛṣṭādivatkāryeṇa śokamohādinā cintyate'numīyata iti cintyamavyākṛtamajñānaṃ kāraṇaśarīraṃ yena yat jñāyate sa tato bhinno dṛṣṭaḥ | māmahaṃ na jānāmīti ahamajña ityajñatvamajñānaṃ yato'nubhūyate tataḥ svaviṣayakājñānasākṣitvādātmāyamajñānāccintyādbhinnatvenācintyaścintyādbhinna eva bhavatīti | avikāryaśca niravayavatvādātmāyaṃ vikṛteraviṣayatvenāvikāryaḥ | avikārya ityanutpādyatvādīnāmātmadharmāṇāmupalakṣaṇam | 'purastātsiddhaṃ hi brahma' iti śravaṇādanādisiddhatvādātmāyamanutpādyaḥ | 'nānyo'to'sti vijñātā' iti śravaṇāt jñātuḥ svarūpatvādanāpyaḥ śuddho'trādhyastasvarūpo buddhaḥ sukhasvarūpa iti śravaṇānnityaśuddhatvādātmāyaṃ na saṃskāryaḥ | 'advaya evāyamātmā sanmātro nityaḥ śuddho buddhaḥ satyo nirañjano vibhuradvaya ānandaḥ paraḥ pratyagekarasaḥ pramāṇairetairavagataḥ' iti śrutyā yasmāducyate tasmāttvamevaṃ yathoktalakṣaṇametamātmānamasthūlamavyaktamacintyaṃ niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ kūṭasthāsaṅgacidrūpamahamevaṃlakṣaṇa iti svaṃ vijñāya nānuśocitumarhasi | ahameteṣāṃ hantā mayaite hanyanta iti pūrvavacchokaṃ kartuṃ bhavānnārhatītyarthaḥ | etena brahmavidāmadvaitadarśināṃ na kiṃcicchocyamastīti sūcitaṃ bhavati |

4.26

atha ceti | mahābāho iti sābhiprāyaṃ saṃbodhanam | caśabdo yadyarthaḥ | athavā enamuktamātmānaṃ nityajātaṃ yadā yadā dehotpattistadātadā dehena saha jātamutpannaṃ dehe mṛte dehena sahainaṃ nityaṃ mṛtaṃ ca mūḍhalokavattvaṃ yadi manyase tathāpi tasmin pakṣe'pyevaṃ 'nārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ dhārtarāṣṭrānsvabāndhavān' ityuktarītyā śocituṃ nārhasi |
asminpakṣe'pi śokasyākartavyatve hetumāha—

4.27

jātasyeti | hi yasmātkāraṇājjātasya janmavato mṛtyurmaraṇaṃ dhruvo'napāyī | tathā mṛtasya ca janma punarjanmaṃ dhruvaṃ niyataṃ evaṃ janmamaraṇayormaraṇajanmanoścāhorātrayorivāvyabhicāryaṃ niyamo'parihāryastasmādaparihārye brahmaṇāpi parihartumaśakye'rthe ayaṃ devadatto madīyo mriyata iti tvaṃ śocituṃ nārhasītyarthaḥ |

4.28

avyaktādīnīti | nāmarūpaguṇādibhirna vyajyata ityavyaktaṃ māyā tasyāḥ sakāśādādirjanma yeṣāṃ tānyavyaktādīni | bhūtāni bhavantīti bhūtāni śarīrāṇi| bhāve ktaḥ | vyaktaṃ vyaktatā madhye yeṣāṃ tāni vyaktamadhyāni devastiryaṅmanuṣyo brāhmaṇa ityābhāsato madhye labdhasvarūpāni | punaravyaktanidhanāni avyakte māyāyāmeva nidhanaṃ layo yeṣāṃ tānyavyaktanidhanāni aindrajālikavaddṛṣṭanaṣṭasvarūpāṇi | ataeva śarīrāṇi māyākāryāṇi 'yathā svapnaprapañco'yaṃ mayi māyāvijṛmbhitaḥ | tathā jāgratprapañco'yaṃ mayi māyāvijṛmbhitaḥ ||' iti vacanādidaṃ sarvaṃ svapnārthavanmāyikameveti sarvasya māyākāryatvameva viditavataḥ puruṣasya tatra māyākārye mamāyaṃ hanyate mriyate naśyatīti kā paridevanā mithyābhūtārthe kaḥ paritāpa iti vidāṃ paritāpamākṣipati śrībhagavān | yadvā pramāṇaiḥ sarvairna vyajyate vyaktīkartuṃ na śakyata ityavyaktaṃ paraṃ brahma tadagrahaṇādādirjanma yeṣāṃ tānyavyaktādīni bhūtāni śuktyagrahaṇādrajatavadātmāgrahaṇāllabdhajanmāni| tathā vyaktamadhyāni sarvaṃ vyañjayatīti vyaktamantaḥkaraṇaṃ madhye sthitikāle yeṣāṃ tāni vyaktamadhyāni devatiryaṅmanuṣyādibhedaṃ strīpuṃsādibhedaṃ pitṛputrādibhedaṃ ahaṃ mamāyamityādisaṃbaṃdhaṃ ca kalpayitvāntaḥkaraṇameva prapañcanirvāhaṃ karoti tena vyaktamadhyāni yāvadadhiṣṭhānādarśanaṃ tāvatteṣāṃ sattāsphūrtyādīni savāsanāntaḥkaraṇabalādeva tasmādvyaktamadhyānītyucyante | bhūtāni 'manovṛttimayaṃ dvaitamadvaitaṃ paramārthataḥ' iti vacanātsatyadhiṣṭhāne dṛṣṭe tadā punaravyaktanidhanāni avyakte svādhiṣṭhāne brahmaṇi nidhanameṣāṃ tathoktāni adhiṣṭhānāgrahaṇādutpannāni yāvadadhiṣṭhānaṃ na jñāyate tāvatsvataḥ svarūpavantīva bhūtāni marīcikājalavadbhānti | adhiṣṭhāne dṛṣṭe satyadhiṣṭhānamātrāṇyeva bhavanti na tato vyatiricyante | tatra marīcijalavatpratibhāsamātre adhiṣṭhānājñānavijṛmbhite dehādiprapañce adhiṣṭhānasaṃdarśanena sarvaṃ brahmaiveti paśyato viduṣaḥ kā paridevanā | paridevanāyā avakāśaḥ kuta ityarthaḥ |
nanu bahubhiḥ paṇḍitairātmatattvaṃ śrāvyate śrūyate manyate ca tathāpyetādṛśaṃ jñānaṃ na kutraciddṛśyata ityāśaṅkāyāṃ mmeśvarasya śrutyācāryātmanāṃ ca prasādena vinā labdhumaśakyamiti sūcayituṃ jijñāsuśrotṛvaktṝṇāṃ cātidurlabhatvaṃ vadannātmano durbodhatvaṃ pratipādayati—

First 40 of 92 passages. Read on

Linked texts (1)

Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit

Bhagavadgita 4

Contents

Linked texts (1)