Kaṭha Upaniṣad 1.2
Kaṭhaprakāśikā (Raṅgarāmānuja) 1.2
- Language
- Sanskrit
Contents
- 1.2.2 — 9 parts
- 1.2.3 — 5 parts
- 1.2.4 — 5 parts
- 1.2.5 — 4 parts
- 1.2.6 — 6 parts
- 1.2.7 — 4 parts
- 1.2.8 — 6 parts
- 1.2.9 — 6 parts
- 1.2.10 — 5 parts
- 1.2.11 — 8 parts
- 1.2.12 — 17 parts
- 1.2.13 — 5 parts
- 1.2.14 — 8 parts
- 1.2.15 — 5 parts
- 1.2.15-2 — 2 parts
- 1.2.16 — 2 parts
- 1.2.17 — 10 parts
- 1.2.18 — 7 parts
- 1.2.19 — 4 parts
- 1.2.20 — 47 parts
- 1.2.21 — 16 parts
- 1.2.22 — 4 parts
- 1.2.23 — 5 parts
- 1.2.24 — 2 parts
- 1.2.25 — 4 parts
- 1.2.26 — 5 parts
- 1.2.27 — 5 parts
- 1.2.29 — 7 parts
- 1.2.30 — 8 parts
- 1.2.30-2 — 124 parts
1.2.1
naciketā nāma āsa ||
1.2.2
[ naciketasaḥ pitṛviṣaye kalyāṇābhikāṃkṣiṇī śraddhā ]
tam̐ ha kumāram̐ santaṃ dakṣiṇāsu nīyamānāsu śraddhā''viveśa |
so'manyata ||
1.2.2.p1
pra.dī. - tam iti | taṃ - prasiddham, santam - āstikyabuddhimantam, kumāram - putraṃ naciketasam, ha - kila, dakṣiṇāsu nīyamānāsu - ṛtvigādibhyaḥ dakṣiṇārthaṃ goṣu samarpitāsu satīṣu, śraddhā - āstikyabuddhiḥ, āviveśa - praviṣṭā, saḥ - āstikyabuddhimān, amanyata ||
1.2.2.p2
pra. - taṃ ha kumāraṃ santam iti | tam - naciketasaṃ, kumāraṃ santam - bālameva santaṃ, ṛtvigbhyo dakṣiṇāsu goṣu nīyamānāsu satīṣu śraddhā - āstikyabuddhiḥ piturhitakāmaprayuktā āviveśa - āviṣṭavatī ||
1.2.2.p3
[ dakṣiṇāsu iti vacanavicāraḥ ]
1.2.2.p4
yadyapi yat ānati1karaṃ dravyaṃ, tat dakṣiṇā ityucyate | ekā cāsau kratāvānatiriti tadupādhiko dakṣiṇāśabdaḥ ekavacanāntatāmeva labhate | ata eva bhūnāmaka ekāhakratau, tasya dhenurdakṣiṇāṃ (pū.mī.viṣayavākyam 10-3-56) ityatra kṛtsnasya gavāśvādeḥ prakṛtasya1 dākṣiṇyasya nivṛttiḥ iti tasya dhenuriti gavāma’ (pū.mī.10-3-19) iti dāśamikādhikaraṇe sthitam | tathāpi dakṣiṇāśabdo'yaṃ bhūtivacanaḥ2 | sa ca karmāpekṣayāpi pravartate, asmin karmaṇi iyaṃ bhūtiḥ iti | karturapekṣayāpi pravartate, asmin
1.2.2.p5
karmaṇi asya puruṣasya iyaṃ bhūtiḥ iti | tataśca ṛtvigbahutvāpekṣayā dakṣiṇābahutvasambhavāt dakṣiṇāsu iti bahuvacanam upapadyate | ata eva ṛtapeye audumbarassomacamaso 2 dakṣiṇā, sapriyāya sagotrāya brahmaṇe deyaḥ ityatra vākyatāpakṣe3 brahmabhāgamātre'pi dakṣiṇāśabdasya avayavalakṣaṇāmantareṇa mukhyatvopapatteḥ tanmātrabādha ityuktaṃ daśame, yadi tu brahmaṇastadūnaṃ tadvikārasyāt (pū.mī.10-3-69) ityadhikaraṇe | tataśca kratvapekṣayā dakṣiṇaikye'pi ṛtvigapekṣayā dakṣiṇābhedasambhavāt, dakṣiṇāsu iti bahuvacanasya nānupapattiḥ iti draṣṭavyam ||
1.2.2.p6
ā.bhā. - tam - naciketasaṃ, kumāram - prathamavayaskaṃ bālameva, santaṃ, dakṣiṇāsu, - ṛtvigbhyo'parebhyaśca dakṣiṇārūpāsu goṣu, nīyamānāsu - asya kṛte etāvatyo gāvo dakṣiṇā ityevaṃ vibhajya dīyamānāsu, pituḥ phalaiṣiṇaḥ kāmaḥ1 naitāsāṃ dānena siddhyet iti, maddānenāpi sa siddhyatu ityevaṃ hitakāmanāprayuktā śraddhā - āstikyabuddhiḥ āviveśa - praviṣṭā, tato jātaśraddhaḥ, saḥ - naciketā, amanyata - mananaṃ kṛtavān, vicāritavān ityarthaḥ |
1.2.2.p7
atra dakṣiṇāsu iti bahuvacanam anupapannam, ānatikaradravyarūpāyāḥ dakṣiṇāyā ekatra kratau ekasyā eva bhāvāt, ekavacanāntatāyā evaucityāt - iti tu na śaṃkyam; kratvapekṣayā dakṣiṇāyā ekatve'pi, ṛtviksadasyādi dakṣiṇoddeśyabhedāt dakṣiṇābhedasambhavāt; tasyaiva ca atra vivakṣitatvāt bahuvacanopapatteḥ |
1.2.2.p8
su. - dakṣiṇāsu - dakṣiṇātvena nisṛṣṭāsu goṣu, nīyamānāsu, taṃ kumāraṃ santam - kumāramapi, śraddhā''viveśa | pitrā dakṣiṇātvena
1.2.2.p9
dīyamānāḥ sarvā gāḥ avalokya putrasya kaumāre vayasi vartamānasyāpi kā'pi śraddhā pituḥ kalyāṇābhikāṅkṣayā abhūt iti yāvat ||
1.2.3
[ naciketasaḥ vicāraprakāram ]
pītodakā jagdhatṛṇā dugdhadohā nirindriyāḥ |
anandā nāma te lokāstān sa gacchati tā dadat ||
1.2.3.p1
pra.dī. - śraddhā prakāraṃ darśayati - pītodakā iti | pītam udakaṃ yābhiḥ tāḥ, pītodakāḥ, jagdhatṛṇāḥ -
1.2.3.p2
bhakṣitaghāsāḥ, dugdhadohāḥ- dugdhakṣīrāḥ, nirindriyāḥ - prajananasāmarthyarahitāḥ, jaraṭhāḥ gāḥ ṛtvigbhyo dakṣiṇābuddhyā, dadat dadānaḥ, anandāḥ - ānandarahitāḥ, te - śāstraprasiddhāḥ, asukhāḥ lokāssanti nāmeti khalvarthakaḥ | tān saḥ - yajamāno gacchati iti | sa evam amanyata |
1.2.3.p3
pra. - śraddhāprakārameva darśayati - pītodakā iti | pītamudakaṃ yābhiḥ tāḥ pītodakāḥ | jagdhaṃ - bhakṣitaṃ tṛṇaṃ yābhiḥ, tāḥ jagdhatṛṇāḥ, dugdhaḥ dohaḥ kṣīrākhyo yābhiḥ tāḥ dugdhadohāḥ, nirindriyāḥ - aprajananasamarthāḥ, jīrṇāḥ-niṣphalāḥ iti yāvat | yā evambhūtā gāvaḥ, tā ṛtvigbhyo dakṣiṇabuddhyā dadat - prayacchan, anandāḥ - asukhāḥ, te - śāstrasiddhāḥ lokāḥ santi, nāma - khalu, tān saḥ - yajamāno gacchati
1.2.3.p4
| evam amanyata ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.3.p5
ā.bhā. - sa kimamanyata ityākāṅkṣāyāmāha - pītaṃ udakaṃ yābhiḥ tāḥ pītodakāḥ, jagdhaṃ tṛṇaṃ yābhiḥ tāḥ jagdhatṛṇāḥ, dugdho dohaḥ kṣīrarūpaḥ yāsāṃ tāḥ dugdhadohāḥ, dānātpūrvakālaparyantaṃ yāvat pānīyaṃ pītaṃ tāvatpītameva dānānantaraṃ tu pānīyamapi pātum asamarthāḥ, yāvattṛṇaṃ dānapūrvakāle bhakṣitam, tataḥ paraṃ tṛṇamapyattumasamarthāḥ, kṣīrākhyo dohaśca yāsāṃ yo dugdhaḥ sa dugdhaḥ, na ataḥ paraṃ tāsāṃ dohaḥ śakyaḥ dogdhum, dugdhadānāsamarthāśca ityarthaḥ | nirgataṃ prajananasāmarthyahīnaṃ jātamindriyam jananendriyaṃ yāsāṃ tāḥ, nirindriyāḥ - vatsotpādanāsamarthāḥ, etena pāyorapi1 śaktihīnatvaṃ bodhyate | ataḥ śaktirahitapāyukatayā dravībhūtaśakṛddāne'pi2 lepanādiyogyagomaya3dānāśaktatayā niṣphalatvaṃ pradarśitam | evambhūtāḥ yā gāvaḥ tāḥ dadat - ṛtvigbhyo dakṣiṇārūpatayā dadat - prayacchan yajamānaḥ, te - prasiddhāḥ, anandā nāma lokāḥ, nandayanti iti nandāḥ na nandāḥ anandāḥ asukhakarāḥ lokāḥ śāstraviditāḥ santi, tān sa - dakṣiṇābuddhyaitādṛśagopradātā yajamānaḥ gacchati iti mananaṃ kṛtavān ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.3-2
su. - pītodakā jagdhatṛṇā dugdhadohāḥ - prāk pītāni nāma jalāni, jagdhāni ca tṛṇāni, dugdhāśca dohāḥ, adya tu kathāśeṣāḥ1 te vyāpārā iti bhāvaḥ | nirindriyāḥ - prajananāsamarthāśca | evambhūtā yā gāvaḥ tā dadat sa yajamāno anandā nāma - ye lokāḥ tān gacchati |
asukhāṃllokān āpnoti ityetat | tadevaṃ jīrṇā gāḥ prayacchato mama pituḥ aniṣṭaṃ khalu bhavet | iti aśaṃkata, iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.4
[ svātmadānena kratoḥ saphalatvaprārthanā ]
sa hovāca pitaraṃ, tata ! kasmai māṃ dāsyasīti |
dvitīyaṃ tṛtīyaṃ taṃ hovāca mṛtyave tvā dadāmīti ||
1.2.4.p1
pra.dī. - sa hovāca iti | pitṛkṛtakratudakṣiṇāvaiguṇyāt2 pituḥ aniṣṭaphalaṃ bhavati iti manyamānaḥ āstikaḥ putraḥ pitaram uvāca | saḥ - naciketaḥ, pitaram uvāca tata - he tāta ! hrasvaśchāndasaḥ | māṃ kasmai ṛtvije dāsyasīti - ekavāram uktvā, dvitīyaṃ tṛtīyaṃ vāram uktavantaṃ putram uvāca pitā kruddhaḥ mṛtyave- yamāya, tvā - tvām, dadāmi iti avocat ||
1.2.4.p2
pra. - sahovāca pitaram iti | dīyamānadakṣiṇāvaiguṇyaṃ manyamānaḥ naciketāḥ svātmadānenāpi pituḥ kratusādguṇyamicchan, āstikāgresaraḥ pitaramupagamya uvāca - tata - he tāta ! kasmai ṛtvije dakṣiṇārthaṃ, māṃ dāsyasīti| sa evamuktenāpi pitrā upekṣyamāṇo dvitīyaṃ tṛtīyamapi paryāyaṃ kasmai māṃ dāsyasi iti uvāca - taṃ hovāca | bahu1 nirbadhyamānaḥ pitā kupitaḥ tam - putram, mṛtyave tvā dadāmi iti uktavān ||
1.2.4.p3
ā.bhā. - saḥ - āstikyabuddhiyukto naciketāḥ pūrvoktaviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭa godakṣiṇayā kratvasāṅgatāṃ1 ninditalokaprāptirūpamaniṣṭaṃ ca manyamānaḥ ātmapradānenā'pi pituḥ iṣṭasiddhiḥ aniṣṭanivṛttiśca putreṇa mayā karaṇīya eveti niścitya, pitaram - janakaṃ vājaśravasam, uvāca - upagamya proktavān - he tataḥ-
1.2.4.p4
pitaḥ, kasmai - ṛtvigviśeṣāya dakṣiṇārūpeṇa, mām - putraṃ punnāmnonarakāt trāṇakaram, dāsyasi - prayacchasi iti,
1.2.4.p5
evamuktena pitrā bālasvabhāvādayamevaṃ vakti iti samupekṣyamāṇo'pi sa naciketāḥ dvitīyam - dvitīyavāraṃ, tṛtīyam - tṛtīyavāraṃ ca yadā kasmai māṃ dāsyasi ? kasmai māṃ dāsyasi ? ityuvāca | tadā nāyaṃ bālasvabhāvāt vakti, kintu buddhipūrvakameva vakti iti jñātvā nirvedamāpannaḥ kruddho vājaśravasaḥ pitā mṛtyave - yamāya, tvā - naciketasaṃ dadāmi - prayacchāmi iti taṃ kumāraṃ naciketasam uvāca - uktavān ha - iti niścaye ||
1.2.4-2
su. - evamālakṣya yajñavaiphalyaṃ dakṣiṇāvaiguṇyaparijihīrṣayā pitaram ātmano dāne udyojayannāha - he tāta ! māṃ kasmai dāsyasi ? - ahaṃ hi tavāsādhāraṇaṃ svam,2 tat māṃ dāturmahati bhavān ityāśayaḥ | evamukto'pi pitā bālo'yam ālapati kiñcidarthavidhuraṃ vacaḥ iti anākarṇayanniva abhūt, tadā ayaṃ tu śraddhāvān tadeva vacanaṃ dvitīyaṃ tṛtīyam āha, punaḥ punarāha iti bhāvaḥ | pitā kruddhaḥ sahasā idamuvāca - mṛtyave tvā dadāmi iti ||
1.2.5
[ pitṛvākyaparipālane acalāmatiḥ ]
bahūnāmemi prathamo bahūnāmemi madhyamaḥ |
kiṃ svit yamasya kartavyaṃ yanmayā'dya kariṣyati ||
1.2.5.p1
pra.dī. - evamukto'pi putraḥ, bhayarahitaḥ pitaramuvāca - bahūnām iti | bahūnām - mṛtyusadanaṃ prati gantṝṇāṃ janānām, prathamaḥ - agresaraḥ, madhye gantṝṇāṃ, bahūnāṃ madhyamaḥ emi- gacchāmi; na tu paścādyāmītyarthaḥ | kiṃ sviditi - yamasya kiṃ kartavyam ? avāptasamastakāmatvāt kiṃ kartavyamasti yamasya ? kiṃ, mayā'dya kariṣyati - avāptasamastakāmatvādeva mayā - bālakena adya - vartamānakāle ṛtvigbhya iva mṛtyave kartavyaprayojanaṃ nāstyeva ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.5.p2
pra. - evamukto'pi putraḥ, vigatasādhvasa1śokaḥ, pitaramuvāca bahūnāmemi iti| sarveṣāṃ mṛtyusadanagantṝṇāṃ purato madhye vā gacchāmi, 1na tu1 paścāt | mṛtyusadanagamane na ko'pi mama vicāra ici bhāvaḥ | kiṃ tarhi ? ityatrāha - kiṃ svidyamasya iti| mṛtyuryadadya mayā kariṣyati; tat tādṛśaṃ yamasya kartavyaṃ kiṃ vā? pūrṇakāmasya mṛtyoḥ mādṛśena bāliśena kiṃ prayojanaṃ syāt ? yena ṛtvigbhya iva tasmai madarpaṇaṃ saphalaṃ syāt| ataḥ etadeva anuśocāmi iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.5.p3
ā.bhā. - pitrā kopāviṣṭatayā mṛtyave tvā dadāmi ityukto'pi, naciketāḥ bhayaśokādirahitaḥ san, pitaramuktavān - bahūnām yamasya pārśve gantṝṇāṃ janānāṃ madhye prathamaḥ - sarvato'gre emi - gacchāmi | ahamiti śeṣaḥ | athavā bahūnāṃ gantṝṇāṃ madhye madhyamaḥ - sarvato'gre gantuḥ anuyāyī bhūtvā, emi - gacchāmi | bhayādyāviṣṭatayā bahūnāṃ paścāt na gacchāmi | arthāt tavājñayā yamagṛhagamane'pi na me bhayam, na vā ko'pi vicāraḥ, iti tavājñāṃ pālayāmyeva; parantu mama tatra gamane'pi adya mayā - prāptenāpi yatkartavyam - prayojanaṃ, saḥ kariṣyati - tat yamasya kartavyaṃ kiṃ svit - kimasti ? yadi mayā kimapi yamasya kāryaṃ setsyati, tadā tu yājñikebhya iva yamāyāpi mama dānaṃ te saphalaṃ sambhavi;2 parantu
1.2.5.p4
naitat | pūrṇakāmatvāt yamasya, bālasvarūpeṇa mayā, akiñcitkareṇa kiṃ tasya | ataḥ prayojanaṃ anālocyaiva krodhāveśāt mṛtyave'haṃ bhavatā datta iti anuśocāmi||
1.2.5-2
su. - vyāhṛtametat niśamya putraḥ cintayati - nāhaṃ mṛtyuto bhītaḥ śocāmi, bahūnāṃ tatparicaryāyai pravṛttānāṃ madhye prathamo madhyamo vā bhūtvā, emi - tatpārśvam, na adhama ityarthaḥ| ājñāvacananirapekṣaṃ yathāvasaraṃ paricaraṇameva, paricaratāṃ prāthamyam|
yathādeśam ādiṣṭavacanaparipālanameva teṣu madhyamatā | adhamatā ca tadaparipālanam| kintu idameva śocāmi; yat aprakṛte1 pātre mamedaṃ vitaraṇam ityāha - kiṃ sviditi| adya pitrā yamasya kiṃ kartavyam ? kimabhīṣṭaṃ sampādanīyam | mayā - pradattena mayā, yadabhīṣṭaṃ kariṣyati cikīrṣati iti yāvat | adya - khalu vṛtebhya2 ṛtvigbhyo dakṣiṇāvaiguṇyapariharaṇāya mama dānamucitam, teṣāmeva prasādākāṅkṣayā teṣāmabhīṣṭaṃ tu sampādanīy, tadasminnavasare yamāya māṃ dattvā kiṃ sādhayiṣyati? idameva śocāmi iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.6
[ naciketasaḥ sadṛṣṭāntaṃ satyaparipālanoktiḥ ]
anupaśya yathā pūrve pratipaśya tathā'pare |
sasyamiva martyaḥ pacyate sasyamivā''jāyate punaḥ ||
1.2.6.p2
pra.dī. - sādhvasaroṣahīnaṃ putravākyaṃ śrutvā, paścāttaptaṃ pitaram ālokya putra uvāca - pūrve asmatpitāmahādayaḥ yathā mṛṣāvādaṃ na jānanti tathā tvamapi tān, anupaśya- dṛṣṭvā kuru | apare - sajjanāḥ yathā tathā tvamapi pratipaśya tān pratīkṣya satyavākchīlo bhava; tathā cet mama mṛtyuḥ bhaviṣyati iti saṃśayaṃ mā kuru ityāha - sasyamiva iti | martyaḥ - maraṇaśīlo manuṣyaḥ, sasyamiva pacyate - svalpena kālena jāto bhavati | ataḥ satyaṃ paripālaya iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.6.p3
pra. - sādhvasaroṣāveśahīnam īdṛśaṃ putravākyaṃ śrutvā, krodhāveśāt mayā mṛtyave tvā dadāmi ityuktam | na īdṛśaṃ putraṃ mṛtyave dātumutsahe iti paścāttaptahṛdayaṃ pitaramālokya uvāca - anupaśya iti | pūrve - pitāmahādayaḥ yathā mṛṣāvādaṃ vinaiva sthitāḥ, yathā ca apare sādhavaḥ adyāpi tiṣṭhanti; tān anvīkṣya tathā vartitavyam iti bhāvaḥ | satyamiva iti | martyaḥ sasyamiva alpenāpi kālena jīryati1 | jīrṇaśca mṛtvā sasyamiva punaḥ ājāyate | evamanitye jīvaloke kiṃ mṛṣākaraṇena?
1.2.6.p4
pālaya satyam, preṣaya māṃ mṛtyave, iti bhāvaḥ |
1.2.6.p5
ā.bhā. - evaṃ bhayakrodhādirahitaṃ saumyaṃ putrasya vacaḥ śrutvā, pitā - satyam, krodhāveśādeva mayā evamuktam; na īdṛśo guṇī putraḥ mṛtyave dātumucitaḥ iti paścāttāpaṃ kurvāṇaṃ pitaraṃ dṛṣṭvā, kadācit ayaṃ paścāttāpayuktaḥ yadi yamagṛhagamanaṃ mama nirundhyāt, tadā pratijñā'paripālanapariṇāmabhūtam aniṣṭaṃ narakādirūpaṃ punaḥ asya upatiṣṭhet | tanna bhavatu iti pratijñāpālanāya pitaramutsāhayati naciketāḥ - anupaśya iti |
1.2.6.p6
he pitaḥ ! pūrve - pūrvakālīnāḥ pitāmahādayaḥ yathā - yena prakāreṇa mṛṣāvacanaṃ vinaiva satyavacane pratijñātaparipālane ca sthitāḥ, tathā anupaśya - tena krameṇa ālocaya, tadanusāreṇa tvamapi vartasva, apare - arvācīnāḥ sajjanā api svadharme satyavacanādau sthitāḥ yathā santi, tathā pratipaśya - vicāraya | vicārya pūrvāparasatpuruṣavṛttāntaṃ tvamapi tathā''cara | yamagehapreṣaṇāt māṃ na avarunsva, yataḥ martyaḥ - manuṣyaḥ, sasyamiva - dhānyamiva pacyate - svalpenaiva samayena jīrṇo bhavati| mriyate ca | mṛttvā ca punaḥ sasyamiva ājāyate - samantāt utpadyate | ataḥ anitye'tra jīvaloke svalpakālīnasukhāya na mṛṣā karaṇīyam, pratijñātaṃ satyaṃ kuru; mṛtyugṛhāya māṃ preṣaya drutam, iti tātparyam ||
1.2.6.p7
su. - evaṃ krodhavegāpahṛtavivekasya pituḥ vacanapravṛttiṃ prati anuśocya, paścāt dūyamānamānasaṃ pitaraṃ prati, tadapi vacanaṃ mithyāmābhūt ityāha | anupaśya - paryālocaya tāvat, pūrve - pitṛpitāmahaprabhṛtayaḥ, yathā - yena prakāreṇa āsan| tathā- adyāpi ye'pare santi, tān pratipaśya - asmatkule atītān satyaikaparāyaṇān, adyāpi vartamānān tathā bhūtān anusmaratā bhavatā satyaikapareṇa bhāvyam, tat yathoditam anujñaiva deyā, mama mṛtyusannidhigamane iti bhāvaḥ | jīvalokasvabhāvo yadi paryālocyate tadā'pi satyameva anupālanīyam, nahi jīvaloke kaścidapi ajarāmaraḥ | sasyamiva martyaḥ pacyate - yathā alpenaiva kālena sasyaṃ pacyate, tathā martyo'pi pacyate, jīryati iti etat | sasyamiva ājāyate punaḥ - yathā bījaṃ bhūmau patitaṃ punarjāyate, tathā'yamapi mṛtvā punarjāyate| tadevam
1.2.6-2
anitye'sminjīvaloke satyavacanollaṅghanena kiṃ phalaṃ prāpyamasti, tat putrasnehaṃ tyaja, satyameva anupālaya iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.7
[ dvārsthaiḥ naciketasaḥ ātithyārthaṃ vaivasvatāya nivedanam ]
vaiśvānaraḥ praviśatyatithirbrāhmaṇo gṛhān |
tasyaitāṃ śāntiṃ kurvanti hara vaivasvatodakam ||
1.2.7.p1
pra.dī. - pitrā, naciketāḥ yamasadanaṃ prati preṣitaḥ | tadvāre tisro rātrīḥ upoṣya, mṛtyusadanaṃ praviśantaṃ naciketasaṃ dvārsthāḥ dṛṣṭvā, mṛtyumūcuḥ - vaiśvānara iti| vaiśvānaraḥ - agniḥ, brāhmaṇaḥ - brāhmaṇarūpaḥ atithissan, gṛhān - asmadgṛhān, praviśati - praviṣṭo'bhavat | tasya - etādṛśasya atitheḥ etām - dāhanivārikāṃ, śāntim - arghyapādyādikāṃ, santaḥ kurvanti | ataḥ vaivasvata ! mṛtyoḥ tvamapi udakam - arghyādikaṃ hara - samarpaya iti ūcuḥ ityarthaḥ
1.2.7.p3
pra. - evamuktvā preṣitaḥ, proṣitasya mṛtyordvāri tisro rātrīḥ anaśnan uvāsa| tataḥ proṣya āgataṃ yamam, dvārsthāḥ vṛddhāḥ ūcuḥ, - vaiśvānaraḥ praviśati iti| sākṣādagnireva atithirbrāhmaṇassan gṛhān praviśati | tasya - agneḥ, etām - pādyāsanadānādilakṣaṇāṃ śāntiṃ kurvanti santaḥ, tadapacāreṇa dagdhā mā bhūma iti | ataḥ he vaivasvata ! naciketase pādyārthamudakaṃ hara - āhara ityarthaḥ||
1.2.7.p4
ā.bhā. - evaṃ preritena pitrā yamasadanāya preṣitaḥ naciketāḥ, mṛtyau brahmasadanaṃ prati gate sati, yamabhavanaṃ jagāma | tatra ca abhuñjāna eva kimapi, tisro rātrīḥ upavāsena vyagamayat | proṣya ca svabhavanamāgataṃ vṛddhāḥ dvārapālā ūcuḥ -
1.2.7.p5
brāhmaṇaḥ - vipraḥ, atithiḥ - abhyāgataḥ san vaiśvānaraḥ - sākṣāt vahnireva, gṛhān praviśati - āgacchati | ataḥ tatkṛtadāhopaśamāya sādhavaḥ, tasya- atithirūpasyāgneḥ, etām - pādyādidānarūpāṃ śāntim, kurvanti - samācaranti | anyathā pratyavāyāpātāt1| ataḥ he vaivasvata ! vivasvatoḥ apatyaṃ yama ! udakam - pādyārthaṃ jalam | upalakṣaṇamidam2 āsanāderapi | hara - ānaya naciketase ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.7-2
su. - evaṃ pratibodhitena pitrā abhyanujñātaḥ putraḥ yamasadanamupagataḥ, proṣitasya yamasya pratyāgamanam ākāṅkṣamāṇo'naśnan dinatrayamavātsītsadanāṅgaṇe|
caturthe dine pratyāgate yame, tadanucarā vṛddhāḥ kathayanti - atithirbrāhmaṇaḥ, sa eva vaiśvānaraḥ - agniḥ, gṛhān praviśati | praviṣṭasya tasya etām arghyapādyādilakṣaṇaṃ śāntiṃ kurvanti - vṛddhāḥ | vaivasvata ! asmai atithaye, udakam - pādyādinimittaṃ, hara - upanaya | agnikalpo3'tithiḥ gṛhānupagataḥ asatkṛtaḥ dahetkulam, tamenamatithiṃ pādyādidānena satkuru iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.8
[ atithisatkārākaraṇe pūrvasukṛtasya vināśoktiḥ ]
āśāpratīkṣe saṅgatam̐ sūnṛtāñca iṣṭāpūrte putrapaśūm̐śca sarvān |
etadvṛṅkte puruṣasyālpamedhaso yasyānaśnan vasati brāhmaṇo gṛhe ||
1.2.8.p1
pra.dī. - akaraṇe pratyavāyaṃ ca vadanti santaḥ - āśāpratīkṣe iti | alpamedhasaḥ - svalpabuddheḥ yasya puruṣasya gṛhe brāhmaṇaḥ anaśnan -
1.2.8.p2
abhuñjānaḥ, vasati | tasya puruṣasya āśāpratīkṣe - anutpannavastuviṣayā icchā āśā, utpannavastuprāptiviṣayakecchā pratīkṣā | saṅgatam - satsaṅga labdhaphalaṃ sūnṛtām1 - satyapriyavacanam iṣṭāpūrte - iṣṭaṃ yāgādi, pūrtaṃ taṭākādikaṃ, putra paśūm̐śca etat - anaśanarūpaṃ pāpaṃ vṛṅkte - varjayanti - nāśayati ityarthaḥ | vṛji - varjane (dhā.pā.1029) iti dhātoḥ rūpam ||
1.2.8.p3
pra. - akaraṇe pratyavāyaṃ ca darśayanti sma - āśāpratīkṣe iti | yasya alpamedhasaḥ - alpaprajñasya, puruṣasya gṛhe anaśnan - abhuñjānaḥ, atithirvasati, tasya āśāpratīkṣe - kāmasaṃkalpau | yadvā, anutpannavastuviṣayecchā - āśā; utpannavastuprāptīcchā - pratīkṣā | saṅgatam - satsaṅgamam | sūnṛtām - satyapriyavācam| iṣṭāpūrte - iṣṭaṃ yāgādi, pūrtaṃ khātādi | putrān paśūṃśca, etat anaśanarūpaṃ pāpaṃ vṛṅkte - varjayati - nāśayati ityarthaḥ | vṛji - varjane (dhā.pā.1029) rudhāditvāt śnam | vṛji - varjane (dhā.pā.1029) ityasmāddhātorvā idito num1 | adāditvāt śapo luk ||
1.2.8.p4
ā.bhā. - pādodakādyanāharaṇe kaḥ pratyavāyaḥ ? ityākāṅkṣāyāṃ pratyavāyaṃ dvārapālāḥ bodhayanti vaivasvatāya - āśāpratīkṣe iti | āśā ca pratīkṣā ca āśāpratīkṣe - sveṣṭabhāvivastuprāptīcchā, āśā; sveṣṭavartamānavastu prāptīcchā pratīkṣā; saṅgatam - satpuruṣasaṅgatiṃ, tajjanyaṃ phalaṃ vā ! sūnṛtām - priyāṃ vācam, tasyā nimittaṃ vā; yato priyavāk prāpyate | iṣṭāpūrte - iṣṭaṃ ca pūrtaṃ ca iṣṭāpūrte, pṛṣodarāditvāt iṣṭaśabdasya samāse dīrghatvam | iṣṭaṃ yāgādi, tajjanyaṃ phalaṃ vā, pūrtam -
1.2.8.p5
khātaṃ vāpīkūpataṭākādi, tajjanyaṃ phalaṃ vā | putrān paśūm̐śca sarvān etat atithirūpabrāhmaṇasya anaśanam, tajjanyaṃ pāpaṃ vā kartṛ vṛṅkte - apavarjayati vināśayati, kasya iti ākāṅkṣāyām āhuḥ yasya alpamedhasaḥ - alpaprajñasya puruṣasya gṛhe anaśnan - abhuñjānaḥ brāhmaṇo vasati tasya ityarthaḥ | ataḥ kasyāmapi avasthāyāṃ brāhmaṇo'tithirnopekṣyaḥ, kintu satkaraṇīya eva | vaivasvata!
1.2.8.p6
tvaṃ tu svasthāvastha eveti brāhmaṇāyāsmai pādyādikaṃ śīghram upanayeti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.8-2
su. - akaraṇe anarthamāha - yasya alpamedhaso gṛhe brāhmaṇo atithibhūtaḥ anaśnan vasati - aśanam alabhamāno vasati | etat - idamatitheḥ anaśanajanim āgaḥ, tasya gṛhamedhinaḥ āśāpratīkṣādikaṃ sarvaṃ vṛṅkte - nāśayati ityetat | āśā - alabdhalābhecchā, pratīkṣā - labdhasya bhogavāñchā, saṅgamam - sādhusaṅgamam, sūnṛtā - priyavāṇī, iṣṭam - yāgaḥ, pūrtam - khātādi | yacca vāñcitaṃ yacca satsaṅgasūnṛteṣṭāpūrtādijanyaṃ sukṛtam, putrapaśvādikaṃ yatpriyam, tadakhilaṃ naśyati atithim asatkurvataḥ alpamedhasaḥ iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.9
[ yamena naciketase varatrayapradānasaṃkalpaḥ ]
tisro rātrīryadavātsīrgṛhe me'naśnan brahmannatithirnamasyaḥ |
namaste'stu brahman svasti me'stu tasmāt prati trīn varān
vṛṇīṣva ||
1.2.9.p1
pra.dī. - evaṃ vṛddhaiḥ ukto mṛtyuḥ naciketasam uvāca - tisro rātrīryadavātsīḥ iti | he brahman ! tvaṃ me gṛhe tisro rātrīḥ - triṣu rātriṣu ityarthaḥ | anaśnan - abhuñjānaḥ, yat - yasmāddhetoḥ, avātsīḥ - sthito'si, kiñca - yataḥ, tvam atithiḥ namasyaḥ - namaskārārha ityarthaḥ | ataḥ te - tubhyaṃ, namo'stu - namaskāro'stu | he brahman! me - mama, svasti - maṅgalaṃ, astu; tasmāt hetoḥ mama svastaye tvaṃ trīn varān prati - uddiśya, vṛṇīṣva - prārthayasva ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.9.p2
pra. - evaṃ vṛddhaiḥ ukto mṛtyuḥ naciketasam uvāca - tisro rātrīryadavātsīḥ iti| me gṛhe - yasmāddhetoḥ, he brahman ! namaskārārhotithiḥ tvaṃ tisro rātrīḥ - abhuñjāna eva avātsīḥ ityarthaḥ | namaste iti | spaṣṭo'rthaḥ || tasmāt iti - tasmāddhetoḥ mahyaṃ svasti yathā syādityevamarthaṃ trīn varān prati - uddiśya, vṛṇīṣva-
1.2.9.p3
prārthayasva1 | tava lipsābhāve'pi madanugrahārtham anaśanarātrisamasaṃkhyākān trīn varān vṛṇīṣva iti bhāvaḥ2||
1.2.9.p4
ā.bhā. - evaṃ dvārapālaiḥ vṛddhaiḥ uktaḥ mṛtyuḥ pādyādikaṃ naciketase samupahṛtya tamuvāca - tisra iti | tisro rātrīḥ - trirātrisamakālaparyantam, yat -
1.2.9.p5
yasmāt hetoḥ, me - mama yamasya gṛhe he brahman - he vipra ! namasyaḥ - namaskārārhaḥ, atithiḥ - abhyāgato bhūtvā, anaśnan - abhuñjāna eva avātsīḥ vāsaṃ kṛtavānasi | ataḥ, te - tubhyaṃ namaskārayogyātithaye brāhmaṇāya namaḥ - namaskāro'stu. me - mama mṛtyoḥ svasti astu - bhadramastu, tasmāt - tvatpūjādyakaraṇanimittaḥ pratyavāyo mā bhavatu ityetadartham anaśanena madgṛhe gamitāḥ tisro rātrīḥ prati - tāḥ rātrīḥ
1.2.9.p6
samuddiśya, trīn varān - abhīṣṭārthaviśeṣān, vṛṇīṣva - yācasva matsakāśāt | yadyapi brāhmaṇasya te kadācit varābhīpsā na bhavet, tathāpi mayyanugrahasampādanāya varatrayamavaśyaṃ prārthayasva iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.9-2
su. - evamukto mṛtyuḥ naciketasamupagamya sapraśrayam uvāca - brahman ! namaste'stu, tvaṃ namasyaḥ - praṇipātārhaḥ | atithiḥ sannapi, me gṛhe tisro rātrī - abhivyāpya, anaśnan yasmāt, avātsīḥ tasmāt sañjātāgase, me - mahyaṃ, svasti astu, anugṛhāṇa iti yāvat | trīn varān prati vṛṇīṣva | anicchatā'pi, tvayā, matto varatrayavaraṇena aham anugrāhya iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.10
[ prathamavareṇa pituḥ śāntamanaskatva prārthanā ]
śāntasaṃkalpaḥ sumanā yathā syādvītamanyurgautamo mā'bhi mṛtyo !
tvatprasṛṣṭaṃ mā'bhivadet pratīta etat trayāṇāṃ prathamaṃ varaṃ vṛṇe ||
1.2.10.p1
pra.dī. - evaṃ yamena prārthitaḥ naciketāstvāha - śāntasaṃkalpaḥ iti | he mṛtyo mā - mām, abhi - māmuddiśya ityarthaḥ | gautamaḥ - etannāmā matpitā yamaṃ prāpya matputraḥ kiṃ kariṣyati ? iti śānta saṃkalpaḥ sumanāḥ - prasannamanāḥ, vītamanyuḥ - vigatakrodhaḥ yathā syāt - evaṃvidho yathā bhavati | kiñca; tvatprasṛṣṭam - tvayā asmadgṛhaṃ prati visṛṣṭaṃ preṣitaṃ mā - mām abhi - māmuddiśya pratītaḥ - pūrvavatprītassan, yadvā māṃ prītaḥ yathā abhivadet - āśiṣaṃ prayuñjyāt trayāṇām varāṇāṃ madhye etat - pituḥ
1.2.10.p2
paritoṣaṇarūpaṃ prathamaṃ varam - ahaṃ vṛṇe||
1.2.10.p3
pra. - evaṃ prārthito naciketāstvāha - śāntasaṃkalpaḥ iti | he mṛtyo ! matputro yamaṃ prāpya kiṃ kariṣyati ? iti madviṣayacintārahitaḥ prasannamanāḥ mā'bhi - māṃ prati mama pitā gautamaḥ,1 vītamanyuḥ - vītaroṣaśca yathā syādityarthaḥ | kiñca tvatprasṛṣṭam iti | tvayā gṛhāya preṣitaṃ mā abhi - māṃ prati, pratītaḥ - yathā pūrvaṃ prītassan vadet | yadvā, abhivadet - āśiṣaṃ 1prayuṅktām1 | abhivadati nābhivādayate iti smṛtiṣu abhivadanasya āśīrvāde prayogāt | etaditi - spaṣṭo'rthaḥ||
1.2.10.p4
ā.bhā. - evaṃ yamenābhyarthito naciketā āha - śāntasaṃkalpa iti | he mṛtyo - yama ! gautamaḥ etannāmā matpitā, śāntasaṃkalpaḥ śāntaḥ - nivṛttiṃ gataḥ saṃkalpaḥ - mama putro yamaṃ prāpya kinnu kariṣyati ? iti bhāvanārūpaḥ yasya | tādṛśacintārahitaḥ yathā syāt | evaṃ sumanāḥ - prasannacittaḥ matpreṣaṇayuktakhedarahitatvāt, svasthamanāḥ yathā syāt | mā abhi - māṃ prati vītamanyuḥ - vigatakrodhaśca yathā syāt, tathā kuru iti śeṣaḥ | kiñca tvatprasṛṣṭam- tvayā gṛhaṃ prati preṣitaṃ mā - mām abhi - prati pratītaḥ san, sa evāyaṃ mama putraḥ, yo yamagṛhaṃ prati mayā preṣitaḥ ityevaṃ pratyabhijñāvān1 viśvastaḥ sanniti bhāvaḥ | vadet - pūrvavat abhibhāṣeta | yadvā, abhivadet - āśiṣā yuñjyāt | etat - etatprayojanakaṃ, trayāṇāṃ varāṇāṃ tvaddattānāṃ madhye prathamaṃ varaṃ vṛṇe prārthaye ||
1.2.10.p5
su. - evaṃ mṛtyunā savinayaṃ prārthito naciketā āha - he mṛtyo ! gautamaḥ- mama pitā śāntasaṃkalpaḥ - mama putro mṛtyumupagataḥ kāṃ daśām anubhavati? iti cintārahitaḥ| ata eva sumanāḥ - prasannacetāḥ, mā'bhi - māṃ prati vītamanyuḥ - gataroṣaśca yathā syāt, yathā ca prasannena tvayā gṛhamupagataṃ mā'bhi - māṃ prati sa evāyaṃ mama putraḥ iti viśvastassanna vadet
1.2.10-2
- pratipūrvam ālāpaṃ kuryāt, etatrayāṇāṃ madhye prathamaṃ varaṃ vṛṇe ||
1.2.11
[ prathamavarapradānam ]
yathā purastādbhavitā pratīta auddālakirāruṇirmatprasṛṣṭaḥ (ṣṭam)|
sukham̐, rātrīḥ śayitā vītamanyuḥ tvāṃ (da?) ddaśivān
mṛtyumukhāt pramuktam ||
1.2.11.p1
pra.dī. - evamukto mṛtyuḥ uvāca - yathā purastāt iti | auddālakiḥ uddālakasya apatyamauddālakiḥ | aruṇasya gotrāpatyam āruṇiḥ | tava pitā
1.2.11.p2
matprasṛṣṭaḥ - mayā coditaḥ madanugrahāditi yāvat | yathā purastāt - pūrvaṃ yathā tathā tvayi pratītaḥ - prītiviśiṣṭaḥ bhavitā - bhaviṣyati | vītamanyuḥ - gatakrodhaḥ sukhaṃ - yathā bhavati tathā, rātrīḥ - bhaviṣyadrātrīḥ, śayitā - supto bhaviṣyati | mṛtyumukhātpramuktam - mṛtyusannidheḥ cyutaṃ tvāṃ dadṛśivān - premapūrvakaṃ paśyati iti yāvat||
1.2.11.p3
pra. - evamukto mṛtyuḥ pratyuvāca - yathā purastāt iti | yathāpūrvaṃ tvayi hṛṣṭo bhavitā | auddālakirāruṇiḥ matprasṛṣṭaḥ uddālaka eva auddālakiḥ, aruṇasya apatyam āruṇiḥ; dvyāmuṣyāyaṇo1 vā | uddālakasya apatyam, aruṇasya gotrāpatyaṃ iti vā'rthaḥ| matprasṛṣṭaḥ - madanujñātaḥ madanugṛhītassan, madanugrahādityarthaḥ | sukham iti - tvayi vigata1 manyussan uttarā api rātrīḥ sukhaṃ śayitā | luṭ, sukhanidrāṃ
1.2.11.p4
prāpsyatīti yāvat| dṛśivān - dṛṣṭavān sannityarthaḥ | kvasanto'yaṃ śabdaḥ, dṛśeśceti vaktavyam (vā. 44-52, sū. 3099) iti kvasoriṭ| chāndaso dvirvacanābhāvaḥ | matprasṛṣṭam iti dvitīyāntapāṭhe matpreṣitaṃ2 tvām iti yojanā ||
1.2.11.p5
ā.bhā. - evaṃ naciketasā prārthito mṛtyuḥ pratyāha - purastāt - madgṛhāgamanāt pūrvasmin kāle, yathā - yādṛśaprītisamanvitabuddhimān tvayi āsīt, tathaiva mama gṛhāt svagṛhaṃ pratigate'pi tvayi prītisamanvitabuddhimān, bhavitā -
1.2.11.p6
bhaviṣyati | pratītaḥ - sa evāyaṃ madīyaḥ priyaḥ putraḥ iti pratyabhijñāvān san | auddālakiḥ - uddālaka eva auddālakiḥ, āruṇiḥ - aruṇasya apatyaṃ pumān aruṇaputraḥ, dvayorvā apatyam | aruṇasya apatyam, uddālakasya gotrāpatyaṃ vā āruṇiḥ, auddālakiḥ tava pitā ityarthaḥ | matprasṛṣṭaḥ - mayā anugṛhītassan, sukham - sukhapūrvakaṃ cintārahitatvāt, vītamanyuḥ - tvayi vigatakrodhassan, rātrīḥ- tvadgamanottarabhāvirātrīḥ, śayitā - svaptā | mṛtyumukhāt - mṛtyugocarāt, pramuktam - parāvṛttaṃ tvām, dṛśivān - dṛṣṭavān san, madanugrahavaśāt prathamavareṇa yācitaṃ sarvaṃ prayojanaṃ pituḥ paritoṣakārakaṃ te setsyati iti bhāvaḥ | darśivān? ityatra dṛś dhātoḥ kvasuḥ | dvirvacanaṃ tu chāndasatvāt na iti bodhyam ||
1.2.11.p7
su. - mṛtyuḥ prativakti - auddālakiḥ - uddālakasya apatyam, āruṇiḥ-
1.2.11.p8
aruṇasya gotrāpatyam, nāmnā gautamaḥ, tava pitā, matprasṛṣṭassan - mayā anugṛhītaḥ san, madanugraheṇa ityetat, yathā purastādbhavitā - pūrvavat prahṛṣṭo bhaviṣyati | pratītaśca bhavitā - tvayi pratyabhijñānavāṃśca bhaviṣyati
1.2.11-2
| mṛtyumukhāt pramuktaṃ tvāṃ dadṛśivān - san dṛṣṭavānsan dṛṣṭveti yāvat, vītamanyuḥ - apagatakopaḥ, rātrīḥ sukhaṃ śayitā - niścintaḥ sukhena svapsyati ca iti bhāvaḥ ||
1.2.12
[ naciketasā dvitīyavaraprārthanātpūrvaṃ svargasvarūpapraśaṃsā ]
svarge loke na bhayaṃ kiñcanāsti na tatra tvaṃ na jarayā bibheti |
ubhe tīrtvā aśanāyāpipāse śokātigo modate svargaloke ||
1.2.12.p1
pra.dī. - naciketāstu dvitīyaṃ varaṃ prārthayate - svarge loke iti mantradvayena|
1.2.12.p2
svarge - atyantasukhapradasvargaśabdavācye; loke - śrīvaikuṇṭhaloke, sthitasyeti śeṣaḥ| bhayam - saṃsārādibhayaṃ, kiñcana - kiñcidapi - nāsti ityarthaḥ | kathamiti cet, tatra - tasmin loke, tvaṃ na - tatrasthān bādhituṃ tvamasamarthaḥ ityarthaḥ | kiñca tatratyaḥ puruṣaḥ, jarayā - upalakṣaṇametat - jarādyavasthābhiśca na bibheti kintu aśanāyāpipāse - kṣutpipāse, ubhe tīrtvā - atikramya, śokātigaḥ - atītaduḥkhassan, svargaloke - niratiśayasukhapradaloke, modate - niratiśayānandaṃ prāpnoti ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.12.p3
pra. - naciketā varaṃ dvitīyaṃ prārthayate - svarge loke ityādinā mantradvayena|
1.2.12.p4
atra svargaśabdo mokṣasthānaparaḥ | yathā ca etat tathā uttaratra vakṣyate | na tatra tvaṃ, na jarayā bibheti | he mṛtyo ! tvaṃ tatra na prabhavasi | jarāyuktassan na bibheti | jarāto na bibheti | tatra vartamānaḥ puruṣaḥ iti śeṣaḥ | ubhe iti | aśanāyā - bubhukṣā | atrāpi svargaśabdaḥ mokṣasthānaparaḥ ||
1.2.12.p5
ā.bhā. - ataḥ pareṇa mantreṇa dvitīyaṃ varaṃ prārthayitukāmo naciketāḥ prārthanāviṣayāgnividyāphalabhūtaṃ svargam anena mantreṇa praśaṃsati - svarge iti |
1.2.12.p6
[ svargaśabdasya aprākṛtamokṣasthānaparatva samarthanam ]
1.2.12.p7
atra prakaraṇe bahukṛtvo'bhyastaḥ svargaśabdaḥ | saḥ sarvo'pi mokṣasthānabhūtā'prākṛtalokapara eva; svarge loke na bhayaṃ kiñcanāsti - iti mantreṇa muktapuruṣasādhāraṇasya apahṛtapāpmatvādikasya guṇāṣṭakasya1 bodhanāt |
1.2.12.p8
dhruvasūryāntaraṃ 2 yattu niyutāni caturdaśa |
1.2.12.p9
svargalokaḥ sa kathitaḥ lokasaṃsthānacintakaiḥ || (vi.pu.2-7-18)
1.2.12.p10
iti purāṇapratipāditasvargalokagatānāṃ saṃsāriṇām apahṛtapāpmatvādirūpaguṇāṣṭa -
1.2.12.p11
kāvirbhāvasya kutrāpi aśravaṇāt |
1.2.12.p12
atra ca mantre na bhayaṃ kiñcanāsti ityanena apahṛtapāpmatvam | na tatra tvam ityanena vimṛtyutvam, na jarayā ityaṃśena vijaratvam, ubhe tīrtvā aśanāyāpipāse ityanena vijighatsatvam apipāsatvaṃ ca pratipādyate | śokātigaḥ ityanena viśokatvam bodhyate | modate svargaloke ityanena ca modakāraṇabhūte satyakāmatvasatyasaṃkalpatve pratipādyete | tasmāt atra svargaśabdaḥ mokṣasthānavācyeva mantavyaḥ |
1.2.12.p13
na ca-anyatra kutrāpi svargaśabdasya mokṣasthānavācakatayā dṛṣṭatvāt, etasminnartha aprasiddheśca īdṛśārthakalpanā nopapadyate iti śaṃkanīyam | anante svarge loke jyeye pratitiṣṭhati (ke.u.4-9) tena dhīrā apiyanti brahmavidaḥ svargaṃ lokamita ūrdhvaṃ vimuktāḥ (bṛ.u.6-5-8) tasyāṃ hiraṇmayaḥ kośaḥ svargo loko jyotiṣāvṛtaḥ (tai.ā.1-26) amuṣmin svarge loke sarvān kāmānāptvā'mṛtaḥ samabhavat (ai.u.4-6) ityādiśrutiṣu svargaśabdasya mokṣasthānavācitayā anekaśo dṛṣṭatvāt |
1.2.12.p14
svargakāmādhikaraṇe niratiśayaprītivācitāyā eva svargaśabdasya nirdhāraṇāt| purāṇapratipāditalokaviśeṣasya sātiśayaprītimātreṇa svargaśabdavācyatvasya aupacārikatvāt, upacāramātreṇa prasiddheśca akiñcitkaratvāt| svarge loke mokṣasthāne sāketābhidhe1 na kiñcana bhayamasti bhayakāraṇasya puṇyapāpasamparkasya vinaṣṭatvena kasyāpi bhayasya tatra na sambhava ityarthaḥ |
1.2.12.p15
etena puṇyaprāpyapaurāṇikasvarge indrāderapi vṛtrāsurādijanyabhayasya purāṇādāveva avagamyatvāt na tatra bhayasāmānyābhāva iti sūcyate | tasmāt na prasiddho'pi saḥ | atra prakaraṇe grahaṇarmahati iti bhāvaḥ | he mṛtyo ! tatra svarge - mokṣasthāne tvaṃ na - na īśiṣe, tavāpi tatra prabhāvo nāsti | na jarayā - baddhāvasthayā tatra gato jīvo bibheti, jarāmaraṇādeḥ muktisthāne'sambhavāt | aśanāyāpipāse - aśitumicchā aśanāyā bubhukṣā, pātumicchā pipāsā jalādikarmakapānaviṣayiṇī icchā | te api
1.2.12.p16
tatra na staḥ, śokātigaḥ - śokaṃ-duḥkham atigacchati tarati saḥ śokātigaḥ śokapāragāmī svargaloke mokṣasthāne śrīmadbhagavadrāmacandrādhiṣṭhite sākete gato jīvaḥ modate - yaṃ kāmaṃ kāmayate so'sya saṃkalpādeva samuttiṣṭhati tena sampanno mahīyate (chāṃ.u.8-2-10) ityādi śrutyā satyakāmatva satyasaṃkalpatvāvirbhāvabodhanāt | tena ca pitṛlokādigatasarvavidhamodasya saṃkalpādeva prāptatvāt sarvathā ānandī bhavati ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.12.p17
su. - svargasādhanabhūtāmagnividyāṃ dvitīyena vareṇa vṛṇvānaḥ1 svargasvarūpaṃ tāvadāha - svarge loke - svargaśabdo'yaṃ mokṣasthānabhūtāprākṛtalokaparaḥ, etallokaṃ gatānāṃ muktāsādhāraṇasya apahṛtapāpmatvādiguṇāṣṭakasya na bhayaṃ kiñcanasti ityādinā pratipādanāt | tatra hi na bhayaṃ kiñcanasti iti apahṛtapāpmatvam, na tatra tvam iti vimṛtyutvam, na jarayā iti vijaratvam, ubhe tīrtvā aśanāyāpipāse iti vijighatsatvam, apipāsatvaṃ ca pratipādyate | śrūyate ca anyatrā'pi svargaśabdaḥ aprākṛtalokaviśeṣe - tasyāṃ hiraṇmayaḥ kośaḥ svargo loko jyotiṣā''vṛtaḥ (tai.ā.1-26) tena dhīrā apiyanti brahmavidaḥ svargaṃ lokamita ūrdhvaṃ vimuktāḥ (bṛ.u.4-4-8) anante svarge loke jyeye pratitiṣṭhati (ke.u.4-9) iti | svargaśabdasya
1.2.12-2
niratiśayaprītiviśeṣavācitvāt mokṣa eva mukhyārthopapatteḥ, anyatra sātiśaya prītimātrādaupacārikatvāt | svargakāmādhikaraṇe ca niratiśayaprītivācitā samarthitā; vistarastu anyato'vagantavyaḥ | na bhayaṃ kiñcanāsti ityādi tu vyākhyātam ||
1.2.13
sa tvamagniṃ svargyamadhyeṣi mṛtyo prabrūhi tam̐ śraddhadhānāya mahyam |
svargalokā amṛtattvaṃ bhajante etat dvitīyena vṛṇe vareṇa ||
1.2.13.p1
pra.dī. - sa tvam iti | he mṛtyo ! saḥ - purāṇādisarvaśāstrārthatattvajñaḥ tvam, svargyam - niratiśayasukhasādhakamokṣaprayojakam, agniṃ 2 agraṃ nayatīti vyutpatyā paralokagamayitāraṃ parañjyotisvarūpaṃ, tvamadhyeṣi - upāsse | he mṛtyo ! tvaṃ śraddhadhānāya - śraddhālave, mahyam - tam agniśarīrakaṃ paramātmānam, brūhi - vada, svargalokāḥ - niratiśayasukhaviśiṣṭalokasthajanāḥ, amṛtatvam - jarāmaraṇādirahitatvaṃ - yadvā amṛtam - parabrahmatattvaṃ tatsvabhāvatvam, tatparamasāmyāpattiṃ bhajante iti śṛṇomi | ataḥ dvitīyena vareṇa etat mokṣaṃ vṛṇe||
1.2.13.p2
pra. - sa tvam iti | purāṇādiprasiddhasārvajñyaḥ tvaṃ svargaprayojana1kamagniṃ jānāsi | svargādibhyo yadvaktavyaḥ iti prayojanam ityarthe yat | sthaṇḍilarūpāgneḥ svargaprayojanakatvañca upāsanādvāreti uttaratra sphuṭam | śraddhadhānāya - mokṣaśraddhāvate; svargalokena tava kiṃ siddhyati ? ityatrāha - svargalokā iti | svarge loko yeṣāṃ te -paramapadaṃ prāptā ityarthaḥ | parañjyotirupasampadya svena rūpeṇābhiniṣpadyate
1.2.13.p3
(chāṃ.u.8-12-2) iti deśaviśeṣaviśiṣṭabrahmaprāptipūrvakatvāt svarūpāvirbhāvalakṣaṇamokṣaśabditāmṛtatvasyeti bhāvaḥ | etat iti | spaṣṭam ||
1.2.13.p4
ā.bhā. - anena mantreṇa svargasādhanībhūtāgnividyāmarthayate dvitīyavararūpāṃ naciketāḥ | he mṛtyo ! saḥ - purāṇādiṣu sarvajñatvenarūpeṇa prasiddhaḥ tvam | svargyam - uktalakṣaṇasvargalokaprāptisādhanabhūtam | agnim - agnividyām, adhyeṣi - smarasi jānāsi iti yāvat | tam - agnim, śraddhadhānāya - uktalakṣaṇamokṣaśraddhāviśiṣṭasya mahyam - naciketase tava śiṣyabhūtāya, prabrūhi - prakarṣeṇa vada, upadiśetyarthaḥ | pra upasargeṇa tathā mām agnim upadiśa, yena samyagahaṃ vettuṃ śaknuyāmi iti dyotyate | mokṣasādhanatvaṃ ca agneḥ upāsanadvārā bhavati ityanusandheyam | kasmāt māṃ tadarthaṃ prerayasi ? ityākāṅkṣāyām āha - svargalokāḥ amṛtatvaṃ bhajante - svargaḥ sāketākhyaḥ aprākṛto deśaḥ loko yeṣāṃ te svargalokāḥ, paramaṃ padaṃ prāptāḥ | ye te amṛtatvam - svasvarūpāvirbhāvalakṣaṇaṃ mokṣam, bhajante - prāpnuvanti | ataḥ tatra śraddhāvān ahaṃ tadupadeśāya tvāṃ preraye iti bhāvaḥ | etat - mokṣasādhanam agnivijñānam dvitīyena vareṇa vṛṇe prārthaye||
1.2.13.p5
su. - mṛtyo ! sa tvaṃ svargyamagnim - uktasvargasādhanībhūtam agnim, adhyeṣi - jānāsi | taṃ śraddhadhānāya mahyam prabrūhi | svargalokā hi - uktasthānaviśeṣaṃ prāptā hi, amṛtatvam - mokṣaṃ svarūpāvirbhāvalakṣaṇaṃ
1.2.13-2
bhajante | tasmāt tatsādhanībhūtāmagnividyāṃ mahyam upadiśeti bhāvaḥ | mokṣasādhanatvam agnividyāyāḥ jñānadvārā bodhyam ||
1.2.14
[ naciketase agnividyopadeśaḥ ]
pra te bravīmi tadu me nibodha svargyamagniṃ naciketaḥ prajānan |
anantalokāptimatho pratiṣṭhāṃ viddhi tvametannihitaṃ 1 guhāyām ||
1.2.14.p1
pra.dī. - evamukto mṛtyuḥ uvāca - pra te bravīmi iti | te - prārthitavate tubhyaṃ tadu - tadeva paraṃ brahma, prabravīmi - prakarṣeṇa vadāmi, me nibodha - mattaḥ jānīhi ityarthaḥ | he naciketaḥ ! tvaṃ svargyam - sukhapradāyakaṃ mokṣaprayojakamityarthaḥ| agnim - tejorūpaṃ paraṃbrahma, prajānan - matto jñātvā ityarthaḥ|
1.2.14.p2
atho2 - anantaram, anantalokāptim - aparicchinnalokāvāptiṃ, yadvā anantasya viṣṇoḥ lokāvāptiṃ vā, pratiṣṭhāṃ vā apunarāvṛttiṃ ca labhasa iti śeṣaḥ | ataḥ tvaṃ guhāyām - hṛdayaguhāyāṃ, nihitam - vidyamānam, enat pūrvoktaṃ paraṃbrahma, viddhi - jānīhi, anye na jānanti iti yāvat ||
1.2.14.p3
pra. - evamukto mṛtyurāha - pra te bravīmi iti | prārthitavate tubhyaṃ prabravīmi | vyavahitāśca3 (pā.sū.1-4-82) iti vyavahitaprayogaḥ | me - mama upadeśāt, jānīhi ityarthaḥ | jñānasya phalaṃ darśayati - svargyamagnim iti | anantasya - viṣṇoḥ lokaḥ, tatprāptim | tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam (ka.u.3-9) iti uttaratra vakṣyamāṇatvāt | atho - tatprāptyanantaraṃ pratiṣṭhām - apunarāvṛttiṃ ca; labhate iti śeṣaḥ | tajnajñāsya īdṛśasāmarthyaṃ kathaṃ sambhavati ? iti manyamānaṃ pratyāha viddhi iti | brahmopāsanāṅgatayā etajjñānasya mokṣahetutvalakṣaṇam etatsvarūpaṃ guhāyāṃ nihitam anye na jānanti | tvaṃ jānīhi iti bhāvaḥ |
1.2.14.p4
yadvā - jñānārthakasya1 videḥ lābhārthakatvasambhavāt1 agniṃ prajānan tvam anantalokāptiṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ labhasva ityukte hetuhetumadbhāvaḥ2 siddho bhavati | prajānan | lakṣaṇahetvoḥ -(pā.sū.3-2-126) iti śatṛpratyayaḥ ||
1.2.14.p5
ā.bhā. - evaṃ prārthito mṛtyuḥ pratijānāti - he naciketaḥ ! svargyam3 - svargāya hitaṃ svargasādhanam agnim - agnividyāṃ, prajānan - prakarṣeṇa samyagrūpeṇa jānan jñātavān ahaṃ, te - tubhyam, pra bravīmi - prakarṣeṇa kathayāmi u iti yadarthe yattvatprārthaitaṃ tat, me - mama sakāśāt, madupadeśāt nibodha - jānīhi ekāgracittassan, anantalokāptim - na anto yasya saḥ anantaḥ, avināśī nityaḥ, sa cāsau lokaḥ anantalokaḥ - sāketābhidhaḥ | tasya āptiḥ - prāptiḥ sādhanabhūtam | kāraṇe kāryopacārāt4 | atha - kiñca, pratiṣṭhām - atrāpi kāraṇe kāryopacārāt tatra gatvā apunarāvṛttirūpapratiṣṭhāsādhanam, etam - mayā vakṣyamāṇam, agnim - agnividyām, guhāyāṃ nihitam - atiguptam rahasyabhūtam tvaṃ viddhi - jānīhi | nāyaṃ sarveṣāṃ kṛte sulabhaḥ, ahaṃ tu tvayi prītiparītayā rahasyabhūtamarthaṃ samupadiśāmi|
1.2.14.p6
tasmāt sāvadhānamanāḥ śṛṇu iti bhāvaḥ |
1.2.14.p7
athavā yat tvayā pṛṣṭam agnisvarūpaṃ te - tubhyam, ahaṃ bravīmi | tvaṃ tu me - madupadeśāt tat nibodha - jānīhi | he naciketaḥ ! prajānan madupadeśāt svargasādhanamagniṃ jñātavān tvam, anantalokāptim - pūrvokta
1.2.14.p8
evārthaḥ; viddhi - labhasva| atha - anantaram, pratiṣṭhāṃ ca - ukta evārthaḥ; viddhi - labhasva ityarthaḥ | viderlābhārthakatvasya vivakṣaṇāt ||
1.2.14-2
su. - mṛtyurāha - he naciketaḥ ! svargyamagniṃ prajānan aham - uktasthāna viśeṣasādhanam agniṃ samyak jānan te - tubhyam, prabravīmi - prakarṣeṇa bravīmi | vivicya kathayāmi iti yāvat | nibodha - sāvadhānamanāḥ śṛṇu | anantalokāptim - āptisādhanabhūtam, kāraṇekāryopacāraḥ | atho - kiñca, pratiṣṭhām - pratiṣṭhāsādhanabhūtam; apunarāvṛttirūpasthiratāyāḥ sādhanabhūtamiti yāvat| evambhūtam, etam - vakṣyamāṇamagnim, guhāyām, nihitaṃ viddhi - atirahasyaṃ jānīhi | na hi ! sarvasulabho'yamarthaḥ | ahaṃ punaḥprītyā rahasyamidaṃ upadiśāmi; tadavahitaḥ śṛṇu iti bhāvaḥ |
yadvā - te - tubhyam, tat - tvayā pṛṣṭam, pra bravīmi nibodha | tvaṃ madupadeśena svargyamagnim samyak prajānan san, upāsanāṅgabhūtena etena, upāsanādvārā, anantalokāptiṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ ca viddhi - labhasva | viderlābhārthasyāpi sambhavāt | īdṛśamasya mokṣahetutvarūpaṃ māhātmyam, guhāyām nihitam rahasyam ||
1.2.15
[ yamasya agnividyopadeśaprakāraḥ ]
lokādimagniṃ tamuvāca tasmai yā iṣṭakā yāvatīrvā yathā vā |
sa cāpi tatpratyavadadyathoktamathāsya mṛtyuḥ punarāha tuṣṭaḥ ||
1.2.15.p1
pra.dī. - anantaraṃ śrutiruvāca - lokādimagnim iti | lokasya ādiḥ1 - kāraṇam, taṃ - upāsanadvārā mokṣaprayojanakam, agniṃ, mṛtyuḥ, tasmai - naciketase, uvāca | yāḥ - yallakṣaṇāḥ, iṣṭakāḥ yāvatīḥ - yatsaṃkhyākāḥ, yathā vā - yena prakāreṇa cetavyāḥ,2 tatsarvaṃ ca uktavān | sa cāpi - naciketā api, yathoktam- mṛtyunā yathoktam, tat - sarvam, pratyavadam - punaḥ anūditavān | atha anantaram, mṛtyuḥ asya grahaṇadhāraṇasāmarthyaṃ prati, tuṣṭaḥ san punareva anyaṃ varaṃ ditsuḥ punaḥ āha ||
1.2.15.p2
pra. - anantaraṃ śrutivākyam - lokādimagnim iti | lokasya ādim-
1.2.15.p3
hetum; svargyamiti yāvat | tamagnimuvāca iti | yallakṣaṇāḥ iṣṭakāścetavyāḥ, yatsaṃkhyākāḥ, yena prakāreṇa cetavyāḥ, tat - sarvam uktavānityarthaḥ | yāvatīḥ3 iti pūrvasavarṇaḥ chāndasaḥ| sa cāpi iti | sa ca naciketāḥ, tat - śrutaṃ1 sarvaṃ tathaiva anūditavān ityarthaḥ | athāsya iti | ṣyasya grahaṇasāmarthyadarśanena santuṣṭassan mṛtyuḥ punarapi uktavān ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.15.p4
ā.bhā. - idantu śrutivākyam asmān pratibodhayitum | lokasya - mokṣasthānarūpasya sāketasya, āptim - upāsanādvārā prāptikāraṇabhūtam, svargyam iti yāvat | tam - naciketasā prārthitam agnim - agnividyām | tasmai - naciketase uvāca - upadideśa; mṛtyuḥ ityanusandheyam | yāḥ - yatsvarūpāḥ yādṛśyaḥ iṣṭakāḥ - cetavyāḥ upadhātavyāḥ, yāvatīḥ - saṅgrāhyāḥ, yatsaṃkhyākāḥ iṣṭakāḥ cetavyāḥ | yathā - yena prakāreṇa vā - cetavyāḥ, tatsarvam uvāca ityarthaḥ| yāvatīḥ ityatra prathamāvibhakterapi jasaḥ pūrvasavarṇadīrghaḥ chāndasatvāt iti dhyeyam | saḥ - naciketāḥ api tat mṛtyunā proktam, yathoktam - uktamanatikramya yathoktam, yathā yamena uktaṃ tathaiva, pratyavadat - anūditavān | atha - anuvadanānantaram, śiṣyasya grahaṇadhāraṇānuvacanasāmarthyaparyālocanena tuṣṭaḥ - prasannaḥ, mṛtyuḥ - vaivasvataḥ, punaḥ - bhūya eva naciketasam, āha - uktavān | pratijñātavaratrayādadhikam aparaṃ varaṃ dātuṃ vakṣyamāṇaprakāreṇa atra mantre iṣṭakā padena saṃvatsaramadhye prātaḥkāle sāyaṃkāle ca pratidinamanuṣṭhīyamānāni agnihotrakarmāṇyeva vivakṣitāni | eteṣām agnihotrakarmaṇāṃ viṃśatyadhika-saptaśatasaṃkhyāvattvāt agnividyāyām iṣṭakānāmapi tāvatsaṃkhyāvattvameva| yathā śabdena ca, ye ye mantrāḥ iṣṭakāprakāśanasamarthāḥ tattanmantroccāraṇapūrvakaṃ mṛtyunā agnividyā upadiṣṭā; tattanmantrānāmapi sarvānuccārya naciketasā anūditamiti bhāvaḥ | ito'dhikaṃ tu cayanaprakaraṇāt avagantavyam ||
1.2.15.p5
su. - lokādim - lokasya ādim, uktalokaviśeṣasya kāraṇam | tamagniṃ tasmai - naciketase uvāca | iṣṭakā yāḥ - cetavyāḥ iṣṭakā yatsvarūpāḥ, yāvatīḥ - yāvatsaṃkhyākāḥ, yathā - yena prakāreṇa ca cetavyāḥ, tatsarvam āha
1.2.15-2
- ityarthaḥ | viśeṣo'tra cayanaprakaraṇāt avagantavyaḥ | so'pi naciketāḥ sukṛt avabodhita eva, tatsarvaṃ yathopadiṣṭaṃ pratyavadat | athāsya - tuṣṭaḥ, tanmatikauśalam avalokya santuṣṭastasmin? mṛtyuḥ punarevāha ||
1.2.15-2.p1
iti sādhyagato dharma upacaryate | candravat vṛddhihāsaśūnyatvādvā tathopacāraḥ|
1.2.15-2.p2
abhayam - devatāntargatamādityaṃ gatānāṃ brahmaprāptyā saṃsārabhayaṃ hi nivartate | parāyaṇam - utkṛṣṭaṃ gati sādhanaṃ yato na cyutiḥ | tadevāha - etasmānna punarāvartante iti | devayānamārgakrameṇa ādityaṃ gato hi tata ūrdhvaṃ gatvā brahma prāpnoti, tanna punarāvartate | tathā ca śrūyate - ādityāccandramasaṃ candramaso vidyutaṃ tatpuruṣo'mānavaḥ sa enān brahmagamayati (chāṃ.u.4-15-5) iti | ityeṣa nirodhaḥ
1.2.10-3
itiśabdo hetuvācī, yasmādetasmāt na punarāvartante tasmādeṣa ādityo nirodhaḥ - adhaḥ pracyuti pratibandhakaḥ | tadeṣa ślokaḥ - imamādityamadhikṛtya eṣa ślokaḥ - vakṣyamāṇaḥ ślokaḥ ||
1.2.16
[ agnividyāyāḥ nāciketāgnividyeti nāmakaraṇam ]
tamabravīt prīyamāṇo mahātmā varaṃ tavehādya dadāni (mi) bhūyaḥ |
tavaiva nāmnā bhavitā'yamagniḥ sṛṃkāñcemāmanekarūpāṃ gṛhāṇa ||
1.2.16.p1
pra.dī. - tamabravīt iti | mahātmā - praśastamanāḥ, prīyamāṇaḥ prītiviśiṣṭassan mṛtyuḥ taṃ - naciketasam abravīt, tava dhāraṇāsāmarthyavataḥ te iha- loke prasiddhaṃ varaṃ, bhūyaḥ - punaḥ adya dadāmi - pūrvoktādanyam caturthaṃ varaṃ dadāmi, tat kim ? ayam - mayā upadiṣṭaḥ mokṣaprayojanakaḥ, agniḥ tavaiva nāmnā - nāciketaḥ iti nāmnā, bhavitā - prasiddho bhaviṣyati | anekarūpām - anekarūpatvena vicitrarūpām, imām - mayā dattāṃ, sṛṃkām1 - śabdavatīṃ ratnamālāṃ, gṛhāṇa - svīkuru ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.16.p2
pra. - tamabravīt iti | santuṣyan mahāmanāḥ mṛtyuḥ naciketasam abravīt| punaḥ caturthaṃ varaṃ dadāni - prayacchānīti kiṃ tat ? tatrāha - tavaiva nāmnā iti | mayā ucyamāno'gniḥ tavaiva nāmnā - nāciketaḥ iti prasiddho bhavitā| kiñca vicitrāṃ sṛṃkām - śabdavatī ratnamālāṃ svīkuru ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.16-2
ā.bhā. - prīyamāṇaḥ - naciketasaḥ buddhivaibhavam avekṣya santuṣyan mahātmā - mahat vipulam udāraṃ mano yasya tādṛśaḥ udāracetā ityarthaḥ | evambhūto mṛtyuḥ tam - naciketasaṃ śiṣyam, abravīt - uktavān | kim ityatrāha - iha - tvayi prasannatānimittakam, iha ityatra saptamyāḥ nimittārthakatvāśrayaṇam | yataḥ ahaṃ tvayi prasannaḥ, tata eva adhikaṃ varaṃ dātumicchāmi iti bhāvaḥ | bhūyaḥ - punarapi adya - idānīm | etena prasannatāyāḥ atiśayo dyotyate | tata eva vilambaṃ na kṣamate ityāśayaḥ varam - pūrvapratijñātavaratrayāpekṣayā adhikaṃ caturthaṃ varaṃ, tavakṛte dadāmi - prayacchāmi iti | ko'sau varaḥ ? ityatrāha - ayaṃ mayā samupadiṣṭaḥ agniḥ, tavaiva nāmnā - nāciketaḥ iti saṃjñayā bhavitā - prasiddho bhavet iti | anekarūpām - anekāni nānāvidhāni rūpāṇi nīlapītādīni cākacakyavanti yasyāṃ tāṃ vicitravarṇām | imām - pratyakṣāṃ puraḥsthitam | sṛṃkām- karṇapriyamadhuraśabdavatīṃ ratnamālām gṛhāṇa - aṅgīkuruṣva ityarthaḥ |
su. - śiṣyamatikauśalam avalokya tuṣyan mahāmanā mṛtyuḥ bhūyo varaṃ tava iha adya dadāmi iti abravīt tam naciketasam | yaścāyaṃ mayopadiṣṭaḥ agniḥ, tavaiva nāmnā prathito bhavitā | anekarūpām - vicitrām, imāṃ sṛṃkā ca - ratnamālāṃ ca gṛhāṇa - ayaṃ ca prāk pratiśrutāt varatrayāt adhikaḥ ||
1.2.17
[ nāciketāgnicayanasya phalam ]
triṇāciketastribhiretya sandhiṃ trikarmakṛttarati janmamṛtyū |
brahmajajñaṃ devamīḍyaṃ viditvā nicāyyemām̐ śāntimatyantameti ||
1.2.17.p1
pra.dī. - punarapi karma prastauti - triṇāciketa iti | trikṛtvaḥ nāciketo'gniḥ yena citaḥ saḥ triṇāciketaḥ | ayaṃ vāva yaḥ pavate (tai.brā.3-11-7) ityādyanuvākādhyāyī vā triṇāciketaḥ | trikarmakṛt - yajana - adhyayana - dānakṛt,1 yadvā - pākayajña - haviryajña - somayajñakṛdvā,2 tribhiḥ - triranuṣṭhitaiḥ agnibhiḥ, sandhim -
1.2.17.p2
aṅgībhūtaparamātmopāsanena jīvaparamātmasambandham,
1.2.17.p3
etya - prāpya jñātvetyarthaḥ | janmamṛtyū tarati - atikrāmatītyarthaḥ | tadevāha - brahmajajñam - brahmaṇo jātatvāt, jñatvādvā brahmajajñaḥ | tam upāsakasvarūpaṃ jñānāśrayatvādiguṇaviśiṣṭam iti | viditvā - jñātvā, devam - svaprakāśādidyotanaguṇaviśiṣṭaṃ paramātmānam, īḍyam - stutyarham, nicāyya - sākṣātkṛtya, imām - janmajarādyanarthakarasaṃsāranivartanakarīm, śāntim - uparatim, atyantameti - atiśayena prāpnoti ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.17.p4
pra. - punarapi karma prastauti1 - triṇāciketa iti | triṇāciketaḥ - ayaṃ vāva yaḥ pavate (tai.brā.3-11-7) ityādyanuvākatrayādhyāyī1 | trikarmakṛt - yajana - adhyayana - dānakṛt, pākayajña - haviryajña - somayajña - kṛdvā, tribhiḥ - agnibhiḥ, triranuṣṭhitairagnibhiḥ [hetubhiḥ?] sandhim - paramātmopāsanena sambandham, etya - prāpya, janmamṛtyū tarati ityarthaḥ | karoti tat yena punarna jāyate (ka.u.1-19) ityanena aikārthyāt | evameva hi ayaṃ mantraḥ trayāṇāmeva caivam (bra.sū.1-4-6) iti sūtre vyāsāryaiḥ vivṛtaḥ | tribhiretya sandhimiti nirdiṣṭam aṅgibhūtaṃ paramātmopāsanamāha - brahmajajñam iti | ayaṃ mantraḥ2 viśeṣaṇācca (bra.sū.1-2-12) iti sūtrabhāṣye, brahmajajñaḥ - jīvaḥ | brahmaṇo jātatvāt jñatvācca| taṃ devamīḍyaṃ viditvā - jīvātmānam upāsakaṃ brahmātmakatvenāvagamya ityarthaḥ iti vivṛtaḥ | devaśabdasya paramātmavācitayā jīvaparayośca aikyāsambhavāt, atratya devaśabdasya paramātmātmakatvaparyanto'rthaḥ iti bhāṣyābhiprāyaḥ| nicāyyeti nicāyya- brahmātmakaṃ svātmānaṃ sākṣātkṛtya | imāṃ trikarmakṛttarati iti pūrvamantra2 nirdiṣṭāṃ saṃsārarūpānarthaśāntim eti ityarthaḥ |
1.2.17.p5
ā.bhā. - punarapi mṛtyuḥ karma stuvan āha - trikarmakṛt trīṇi trisaṃkhyākāni karmāṇi ijya - adhyayana - dānarūpāṇi karoti iti trikarmakṛt |
1.2.17.p6
tatra ijyā - jyotiṣṭomādiyāgarūpā, adhyayanam - gurumukhoccāritānāṃ vedānām anūccāraṇarūpam; svādhyāyo'dhyetavyaḥ iti vidhiśravaṇāt | dānam - bahirvedi1 pātra [bhūtāya]puruṣāya vastusamarpaṇarūpam | yadvā - pākayajña - haviryajña - somayajñakṛt ityarthaḥ | triṇāciketaḥ - trikṛtvaḥ nāciketo'gniḥ cito yena tādṛśaḥ tribhiḥ - citaiḥ agnibhiḥ, sandhim - paramātmopāsanena saha sambandham | etya - prāpya, janmamṛtyū - jananamaraṇe tarati - atikrāmati | paramātmopāsakena anuṣṭhito'yaṃ nāciketo'gniḥ apavargāya prabhavati ityarthaḥ | dvārabhūtaparamātmopāsanasvarūpaṃ nirdiśati - brahmajajñam - sakalajagatkāraṇāt brahmaṇo jātaḥ brahmajaḥ, jānātīti jñaḥ, brahmajaścāsau jñaśca saḥ jīvaḥ tam, īḍyam- stutyarhaṃ sarvato dīpyamānam paramātmānaṃ viditvā, - jīvātmānaṃ paramātmātmakaṃ matvā ityarthaḥ | yadvā - brahmayajñaṃ-
1.2.17.p7
jīvātmānaṃ, devaṃ - paramātmānaṃ ca viditvā - śāstrato gurūpadeśato vā vijñāya, nicāyya2 - dhyānādinā sākṣātkṛtya, imām - svīyabuddhisannihitāṃ śāntimatyantameti - saṃsārarūpānarthanivṛttyātmikām ātyantikīṃ śāntiṃ prāpnoti | atra mantre brahmajajñaṃ devaṃ viditvā iti sāmānādhikaraṇyanirdeśāt jīvabrahmaṇoḥ abhedaḥ pratīyate | sa ca atyantamasambhavī| tasmāt devaśabdasya paramātmātmakatāśrayaṇāt sāmānādhikaraṇyanirdeśaḥ susaṅgamanīyaḥ ||
1.2.17.p8
su. - atha karma stauti - trikarmakṛt - ijyādhyayanadānarūpakarmatrayakṛt|
1.2.17.p9
triṇāciketaḥ - vāratrayaṃ nāciketaścito'gniḥ yena saḥ | triścitaiḥ agnibhiḥ hetubhiḥ, sandhim - upāsanena saha sambandham | etya janmamṛtyū tarati, mukto bhavati iti yāvat | upāsanadvārā ayam agniścito muktaye bhavati ityetat |
1.2.17.p10
aṅgībhūtopāsanasvarūpam āha - brahmajajñam iti | brahmajajñam - sakalajagatkāraṇāt brahmaṇo jātam, jñaṃ - jīvam, īḍyam - devaṃ paramātmānaṃ ca viditvā, svātmasvarūpaṃ paramātmasvarūpaṃ ca śāstrato viditvā; nicāyya - dhyānataḥ sākṣātkṛtya, imāṃ śāntim - svabuddhisannihitatvamabhipretya imām iti nirdeśaḥ, ātyantikīṃ śāntim eti | yadvā - brahmajajñaṃ devamīḍyam iti viśeṣya viśeṣaṇabhāvaḥ | svātmānaṃ paramātmānaṃ matvā, tadātmakaṃ matvā iti
1.2.17-2
yāvat ||
1.2.18
[ pūrvamantroktaphalasya vivaraṇam ]
triṇāciketastrayametat viditvā ya evaṃ vidvāṃścinute nāciketam |
sa mṛtyupāśān purataḥ praṇodya śokātigo modate svargaloke ||
1.2.18.p1
pra.dī. - idānīm agnirūpaparamātmopāsanaphalamāha - triṇāciketaḥ iti|
1.2.18.p2
trivāraṃ nāciketāgnim anuṣṭhātā | etat - pūrvoktaṃ trayam yā iṣṭakā yāvatīrvā yathā vā iti tritayasvarūpaṃ viditvā - śāstrato jñātvā, evaṃ vidvān - pūrvoktasvasvarūpaparasvarūpajñānavān san nāciketāgnim - parabrahmākāramagniṃ, yaścinute - (yaḥ) upāsanaṃ karoti, saḥ mṛtyupāśān - rāgadveṣādipratibandhakān, purataḥ - dehapatanāt pūrvameva, praṇodya - dūrataḥ utsārya, śokātigaḥ - śokahetubhūtapuṇyapāpādikamatītya, svargaloke - niratiśayasukhaprade parabrahmaloke, modate - santoṣaṃ labhate ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.18.p3
pra. - triṇāciketa iti | triṇāciketaḥ; uktārthaḥ | trayametat viditvā brahmajajñaṃ devamīḍyam iti mantranirdiṣṭaṃ brahmasvarūpaṃ, tadātmakasvātmasvarūpaṃ, tribhiretya sandhim iti nirdiṣṭamagnisvarūpaṃ ca, viditvā - gurūpadeśena śāstrato vā jñātvā | ya evaṃ vidvān iti | etādṛśārthatrayānusandhānapūrvakaṃ nāciketamagniṃ
1.2.18.p4
yaścinute, saḥ mṛtyupāśān - rāgadveṣādilakṣaṇān; purataḥ - śarīrapātāt pūrvameva | praṇodya - tiraskṛtya | jīvaddaśāyāmeva rāgādirahitassannityarthaḥ | śokātigo modate svargaloke iti pūrvameva vyākhyātam ||
1.2.18.p5
ā.bhā. - yaḥ - upāsakaḥ etat trayam - brahmajajñaṃ devam ityanena proktaṃ brahmasvarūpaṃ, brahmātmakajīvasvarūpaṃ, tribhiretya sandhim ityanena nidarśitam agnisvarūpaṃ ca iti trayam | viditvā - gurūpadeśāt śāstrādvā vijñāya | evaṃ vidvān - gurūktaprakāreṇa śāstradarśitaprakāreṇa vā, agni - brahma - tadātmakajīvasvarūpasamanusandhānavān | nāciketam - etannāmnā yamarājavaraprathitam agniṃ, cinute - anutiṣṭhati | saḥ - nāciketaḥ, trivāraṃ cita-
1.2.18.p6
nāciketāgniḥ upāsakaḥ | purataḥ - śarīrapātāt prāgeva, jīvaddaśāyāmeva | mṛtyupāśān - mṛtyoḥ yamasya pāśāḥ bandhanarajjubhūtāḥ ye rāgadveṣādayaḥ kleśapadābhidheyāḥ tān | praṇodya - nigamayya dūrekṛtvā ityarthaḥ | śokātigaḥ - śokam atigacchati iti śokātigaḥ, śokātikramaṃ kṛtvā | svargaloke - niratiśayasukhaviśiṣṭe sthāne, sāketākhye mokṣasthāne ityarthaḥ | modate - satyakāmatva - satyasaṃkalpatvādyāvirbhāvāt īpsitam ānandaṃ labhate ||
1.2.18.p7
su. - ya etat trayam - agnisvarūpam - ātmasvarūpaṃ - paramātmasvarūpaṃ ca, viditvā - śāstrato jñātvā, evaṃ vidvān - śāstrāvagataprakāreṇa trayam anucintayan nāciketamagniṃ cinute, saḥ triṇāciketaḥ ukto'rthaḥ | mṛtyupāśān-
1.2.18-2
rāgadveṣādīn purataḥ - śarīrāpagamāt prāgeva, praṇodya - vigamayya, svarge loke - niratiśayasukhamaye sthānaviśeṣe | śokātigo modate - āvirbhūtasvasvarūpo bhavati ityetat ||
1.2.19
yo vā e(pye) tāṃ brahmajajñātmabhūtāṃ citiṃ viditvā cinute nāciketam|
sa eva bhūtvā brahmajajñātmabhūtaḥ karoti tad yena punarna jāyate ||
1.2.19.p1
pra.dī. - itaratyaktasyāpi etanmantrasya pūrvācāryagṛhītatvāt vyākhyāyate - yo vāpyetām iti | yo vā'pi - yaḥ ko vā'pi adhikārī, etām - pūrvoktāṃ, brahmajajñātmabhūtām - brahmajajño jīvaḥ tasya ātmabhūtāṃ1 taccharīrakabhagavadupāsanabhūtāṃ, citim - agnicayanaṃ agnyupāsanaṃ, viditvā - gurūpadeśataḥ śāstrato vā jñātvā, nāciketam - etannāmakāgnyupāsanaṃ, cinute - karoti, sa eva brahmajajñātmabhūto bhūtvā - brahmātmakasvātmānusandhānaparobhūtvā, yena - jñānena, tat - upāsanaṃ, karoti, saḥ punaḥ na jāyate - punarbhavarahito bhavati ityarthaḥ ||
1.2.19.p2
pra. - yo vāpyetāmiti | yaḥ - etāṃ citiṃ, brahmajajñātmabhūtāṃ viditvā brahmātmakasvasvarūpatayā anusandhāya nāciketam - agniṃ cinute, sa eva brahmātmakasvātmānusandhānaśālī san, apunarbhavahetubhūtaṃ yat bhagavadupāsanam, tadanutiṣṭhati | tataśca agnau bhagavadātmakasvātmatvānu1sandhānapūrvakameva cayanaṃ tribhiretya sandhiṃ trikarmakṛttarati janmamṛtyū iti pūrvamantre bhagavadupāsanadvārā mokṣasādhanatayā nirdiṣṭatvāt2; na anyat iti bhāvaḥ |
1.2.19.p3
ayaṃ ca mantraḥ keṣucitkośeṣu na dṛṣṭaḥ; kaiścit avyākṛtaśca | athāpi pratyayitavyatamaiḥ vyāsāryādibhireva vyākhyātatvāt, na prakṣepaśaṃkā kāryā ||
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- Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit