Kaṭha Upaniṣad 2: Second Valli

Kaṭhaprakāśikā (Raṅgarāmānuja) 2

Language: Sanskrit

2.1 — 6 parts
2.2 — 3 parts
2.3 — 4 parts
2.4 — 4 parts
2.5 — 4 parts
2.6 — 5 parts
2.7 — 6 parts
2.8 — 7 parts
2.9 — 4 parts
2.10 — 6 parts
2.11 — 7 parts
2.12 — 7 parts
2.23 — 9 parts
2.13 — 2 parts
2.14 — 14 parts
2.15 — 5 parts
2.16 — 2 parts
2.17 — 4 parts
2.18 — 6 parts
2.19 — 38 parts
2.20 — 10 parts
2.21 — 3 parts
2.22-2 — 3 parts
2.23-2 — 4 parts
2.24 — 12 parts
2.24-2 — 121 parts

Second Valli

2.1

dvitīyavallī prārambhaḥ
prathamo mantraḥ
[ śreyaḥ preyomārgayoḥ mokṣabandhakāraṇatvam ]
hariḥ om
anyacchreyo'nyadutaiva preyaste uebhe nānārthe puruṣam̐ sinītaḥ |
tayoḥ śreya ādadānasya sādhu bhavati hīyate'rthāt ya u preyo vṛṇīte ||

2.1.p1

pra.dī. - atha ācāryaḥ śiṣyasya brahmavidyāyogyatām avagamya mumukṣuḥ prastauti - anyacchreya iti | śreyaḥ - mokṣavartma, anyat - brahmādi lokasukhādvilakṣaṇam | preyaḥ - prītikarabhogavartma, mokṣamārgādanyat anyadeva ityarthaḥ| nānārthe - parasparavilakṣaṇārthe, ubhe te - mokṣavartma bandhavartmanī, puruṣam tanmārgapraviṣṭam , sinītaḥ - svavaśaṃ kurvāte ityarthaḥ | tayoḥ - madhye (yat) śreyaḥ- mokṣavartma, ādadānasya - gṛhītuśca ityarthaḥ | sādhurbhavati - kalyāṇaṃ bhavati, ya u - yastu preyaḥ - bhogapradasvargādisaukhyaṃ vṛṇīte, saḥ arthāt trivargarūpārthādapi hīyate - bhraṣṭo bhavati ityarthaḥ |

2.1.p2

pra. - evaṃ śiṣyaṃ parīkṣya, tasya mumukṣā sthairyaṃ niścitya, tasya upadeśayogyatāṃ manvānaḥ mumukṣāṃ stauti - anyacchreya iti | atipraśastaṃ mokṣavartmā'pi anyat ; priyatvāspadaṃ bhogavartmāpi anyat | te - śreyaḥ preyasī, parasparavilakṣaṇaprayojane satī, puruṣaṃ sinītaḥ - badhnītaḥ | puruṣaṃ svavaśatām āpādayataḥ ityarthaḥ | tayoḥ iti | tayormardhye śreya ādadānasya - mokṣāya prayatamānasya sādhu - bhadraṃ bhavati | yastu preyo vṛṇīte, sa puruṣārthādbhraṣṭo bhavati| u ityavadhāraṇe |

2.1.p3

ā.bhā. - atha śiṣyaṃ samyak parīkṣya, tadīyamumukṣāṃ

2.1.p4

susthirāmavagatya, mumukṣāṃ, mumukṣuśiṣyāñca praśaṃsitukāmo yamaḥ, pūrvaṃ śreyaḥ preyovartmanī pṛthaktayā darśayati- anyat iti | śreyaḥ preyaḥ śabdaiḥ mokṣābhyudayaparāvapi, tatsādhanavartmano atra pratipādakau | śreyaḥ - atiśayena praśastaṃ mokṣavartmā ityarthaḥ | anyat - bhinnameva|

2.1.p5

evaṃ preyaḥ - atiśayena priyaṃ bhogavartma | uta śabdo'pi arthaḥ | tena preyovartmā'pi anyadeva, śreyovartmāpekṣayā bhinnāveva | ubhayoḥ parasparavailakṣaṇyam astīti bhāvaḥ | vailakṣaṇye hetumāha - te ubhe - te - pūrvokte śreyaḥpreyaso dve api, nānārthe | nānā-

2.1.p6

parasparavilakṣaṇaḥ, arthaḥ - prayojanaṃ yayoḥ te bhinnaprayojane | ekasya mokṣaḥ, aparasya tu abhyudayaḥ prayojanamiti bhāvaḥ | etena prayojanamārgayoḥ bhedahetuḥ pradarśitaḥ | puruṣam - svasvādhikāriṇam, sinītaḥ badhnītaḥ, śreyovartmamokṣārthinaṃ svasmin pravartayati svavaśe kṛtvā, preyovartma tu abhyudayārthinaṃ svavaśe kṛtvā svasmin pravartayati iti bhāvaḥ | tayoḥ - śreyaḥ preyomārgayoḥ madhye, śreyaḥ - śreyomārgam, ādadānasya - gṛhṇataḥ, niḥśreyasāya1 prayatnam ācarataḥ, sādhu - śivaṃ niḥśreyasamiti yāvat | tadeva hi vāstavaṃ śivam; nityatvāt iti bhāvaḥ bhavati | yaḥ - yastu, preyo'bhyudayavartma, vṛṇīte - svīkaroti, abhyudayasādhane jyotiṣṭomādau yatnam ādadhāti, saḥ iti adhyāhāryam| arthāt - paramapuruṣārthāt niḥśreyasāt hīyate - viyujyate, u avadhāraṇe, puruṣārthāt sa bhraṣṭo'vaśyaṃ bhavati ityarthaḥ | mārgavaraṇe eva buddheḥ upayogaḥ prathamaḥ kāryaḥ | tvayā mokṣamārga eva vṛtaḥ iti praśaṃsārhaḥ tvam iti śiṣyaṃ prativyanakti2 mṛtyuḥ atra

2.1-2

mantre |
su. - atha yamaḥ, śiṣyasya parīkṣya mumukṣām, apratihatāṃ vijñāya tām, stotumupakramate - anyat ityādinā | śreyo'nyat preyo'nyat - yacchreyaḥ na tatpretyaḥ, yatpreyaḥ na tacchreyaḥ | ayamāśayaḥ- prakṛtisaṃsṛṣṭasya prāṇimātrasya indriyārāmasya3 indriyasamprayogamātreṇa priyatām āviśati tu prākṛta evārtho bhogyabhūtaḥ | prakṛtivisajātīyaṃ viśuddhaṃ manomātragocaram ātmanaḥ atyantahitaṃ paramaniḥśreyasaśabdavācyaṃ svasvarūpamapi anādivāsanayā sahasā na priyatāmāviśati| parantu sarvataḥ praśastaṃ hitam iti śreya eva tu tat | tasmāt anyadeva preyaḥ - bhogyajātam, anyadeva śreyaḥ - śuddhātmasvarūpaṃ ceti | tadete ubhe, nānārthe - ekomokṣāya aparo bandhāya | te puruṣam - svasvaniṣṭham, sinītaḥ - badhnītaḥ svavaśam āpādayataḥ | abhyudayārthī preyasi, mokṣārthī śreyasi pravartate iti bhāvaḥ | tayoḥ madhye śreya ādadānasya mokṣārthe prayatamānasya, sādhu bhavati - bhadraṃ bhavati| yastu bāhyarāmaḥ1 preyo vṛṇīte saḥ arthāt - pāramārthikāt prayojanāt, hīyate - pracyavate | preyomārge prasakto'rthābhāsameva prāpnoti; na tu artham iti bhāvaḥ ||

2.2

dvitīyo mantraḥ
[ mandajñānibhyāṃ phalatayā prāpyau bhogamokṣau ]
śreyaśca preyaśca manuṣyametastau samparītya vivinakti dhīraḥ |
śreyo hi dhīro'bhi preyaso vṛṇīte preyo mando yogakṣemādvṛṇīte ||

2.2.p1

pra.dī. - śreyaśca preyaśca iti | śreyaśca - mokṣaśca, preyaśca - bhogaśca, manuṣyametaḥ - prāpnutaḥ, dhīraḥ - dhiyā ramate iti dhīraḥ tattvajijñāsuḥ, tau śreyaḥ preyasā, samparītya padārthavicāraṇaṃ kṛtvā, vivinakti - pṛthakkaroti, dhīraḥ - jñānī, preyasā'pekṣayā - bhogāpekṣayā, abhi - ābhimukhyena, śreyaḥ - mokṣamārgameva, vṛṇīte | ha iti prasiddhau | mandaḥ - ajñaḥ, yogakṣemāddhetoḥ preyaḥ bhogarūpameva vṛṇute hi |

2.2.p2

pra. - śreyaśca preyaśceti | śreyaśca preyaśca manuṣyaṃ prāpnuvataḥ1 | tau - śreyaḥ preyaḥ padārthau samyagālocya, nīrakṣīre haṃsa iva pṛthakkaroti | dhiyā ramate iti dhīraḥ - prajñāśālī, preyopekṣayā abhi - abhyarhitaṃ śreya eva vṛṇīte | mandamatiḥ yogakṣemāddhetoḥ preyo vṛṇīte | śarīrasyopacayo yogaḥ; kṣemaḥ paripālanam |

2.2.p3

ā.bhā. - mārgadvayasyāpi puruṣasādhyatvāt, śreya eva sarvo vṛṇuyāt na preyaḥ| tatkathaṃ ? lokasya ādhikyena preyasi pravṛttiḥ ityāśaṃkāyāmāha - śreyaśca iti| śreyaśca preyaśca - etadvayamapi, manuṣyam - anuṣṭhānopayuktaśarīrendriyādimantaṃ manujam, etaḥ - āsamantāt ābhimukhyena vā itaḥ, prāpnutaḥ, tatsādhyayoḥ niḥśreyasā'bhyudayayoḥ dvayorapi puruṣārthatvāt | atra cakāradvayaṃ samuccayārthatvāt dvayorapi nīrakṣīravat sammiśratvaṃ dyotayitum | dhīraḥ - haṃsavat vivecanaśīlabuddhiḥ janaḥ | tau - śreyaḥ preyaḥ - śabdārthau, samparītya - samyak vijñāya, vivinakti -

2.2-2

nīrakṣīranyāyena1 parasparasammiśrāvapi tau pṛthak karoti | dhīraḥ - vivekaśīlabuddhiḥ, preyasaḥ abhi - preyo'pekṣayā abhyarhitam2, śreyo hi - śreya eva3, vṛṇīte | yadvā - preyasaḥ abhi, preyo'pekṣya lyablopepañcamīsamāśrayāt4, śreyo hi - śreya eva, abhivṛṇīte - abhitaḥ svīkaroti lāghavaparijñānāt mandaḥ - vivekāsamarthabuddhirjanaḥ, yogakṣemāt - hetoḥ śarīrāderupacayaḥ atra yogaḥ; tatparirakṣaṇañca kṣemaḥ | śarīrendriyādyupacayaparirakṣaṇārthaṃ, paśuputrādilakṣaṇaṃ bhogyajātaṃ vṛṇīte - svīkaroti, bhogyajātasādhanakarmānuṣṭhāne gauravam āyāsādhikyādilakṣaṇaṃ parijñātumasamarthatvāt mandabuddhitvamasyeti bhāvaḥ |
su. - śreyaśca preyaśca - ityubhe - mokṣataditarapuruṣārthau ityetat | manuṣyam svasvasādhanānuṣṭhānayogyakaraṇakalebarayuktam | etaḥ - ā itaḥ, ābhimukhyena gacchataḥ | puruṣārthatvāviśeṣāt | tau - śreyaḥ preyaḥ padārthau, nīrakṣīrāviva haṃso, dhīraḥ - samparītya - samyak paryālocya, vivinakti - pṛthakkaroti | guṇadoṣaparijñānena tyājyopādeyabhedamākalayati iti yāvat | evamākalayya dhīro hi preyaso'bhi - preyo'rthāt abhyarhitam, śreyo vṛṇīte | preyasa iti lyablope pañcamī vā, preyaḥ parityajya ityarthaḥ, śreyo'bhivṛṇīte | mandastu yogakṣemena - nimittena, preyo vṛṇīte | ajñaḥ devo'haṃ manuṣyo'ham ityādyabhimānayuktaḥ, tadanuguṇaśārīrakṣemacintayā putrapaśvannādirūpabhogyajātaṃ vṛṇīte iti yāvat ||

2.3

tṛtīyamantraḥ
[ viṣayaparāṅmukhatayā naciketasaḥ sarvotkṛṣṭatvam ]
sa tvaṃ priyān priyarūpām̐śca kāmān | abhidhyāyan naciketo'tyasrākṣīḥ|
naitām̐ sṛṃkāṃ vittamayīmavāpto yasyāṃ majjanti bahavo manuṣyāḥ ||

2.3.p1

pra.dī. - sa tvaṃ priyān iti | he naciketaḥ sa tvam - tādṛśaḥ tvam,

2.3.p2

priyān - svataḥ priyān dhanādīn, priyarūpān - rūpataśca priyān apsaraḥprabhṛtīn, abhidhyāyan - prākṛtasampadguṇadoṣaṃ vicāraṃ kurvan, atyasrākṣīḥ etān sarvānkāmān tyaktavānasi | etām - pūrvoktāṃ vittamayīm - viśeṣadhanarūpāṃ sṛṃkām1 - ratnamālām, na avāptaḥ - na prāptavānasi, yasyām - ratnamālikāyāṃ bahavo manuṣyā majjanti - magnā bhavanti iti yāvat |

2.3.p3

pra. - satvaṃ priyāniti | tādṛśaḥ tvaṃ svatorūpataśca priyān - kāmyamānān stryādīnityarthaḥ | duḥkhodarkatva-duḥkhamiśratvādidoṣayuktatayā nirūpayan tyaktavānasi ityarthaḥ | naitām sṛṃkām iti | vittamayīm - dhanaprāyām, sṛṃkām kutsitagatiṃ mūḍhajanasevitāṃ etāṃ na avāptavānasi | yasyām iti | spaṣṭo'rthaḥ |

2.3.p4

ā.bhā. - he naciketaḥ ! sa tvam - yaḥ pūrvaṃ mayā bahuśaḥ bhogyajātavaradānavyājena pralobhito'pi apracalita evābhūḥ tādṛśaḥ tvam, priyān svabhāvataḥ priyān putrādīn | priyaṃ rūpaṃ yeṣāṃ apsaraḥ prabhṛtīnām

2.3-2

tādṛśān, kāmān- kāmyante iti kāmāḥ, apsaraḥprabhṛtayaḥ tān, putrādīnāṃ svabhāvata evaṃ spṛhaṇīyatvam; apsaraḥprabhṛtīnāṃ tu rūpalāvaṇyāditaḥ iti prasiddhametat | abhidhyāyan - naipuṇyena nirūpayan, nissāratvānityatvaduḥkhapariṇāmatvādikaṃ teṣu cintayan ityarthaḥ | atyasrākṣīḥ - parityaktavānasi | vittamayīm - dhanamayīm, etām - mayā pradīyamānāṃ, sṛṃkām - ratnamālām | yadvā kutsitāṃ mandabuddhisevyamānāṃ sṛtim1, na avāptaḥ - na svīkṛtavān | yadvā na prāptavānasi, yasyām - kutsitāyāṃ gatau, bahavaḥ - asaṃkhyātāḥ manuṣyāḥ, nimajjanti - patitvā sīdanti, ataḥ sārāsāravivecanacāturīyuktastvam praśaṃsanīyo'si iti bhāvaḥ|
su. - he naciketaḥ ! sa tvam - śreyaḥ preyaḥ sādhāraṇamānuṣasvabhāvo'pi tvam| yadvā - mayā pracālyamāno'pi tvam | priyān - svataḥ priyān putrādīn, priyarūpakān2 kāmāṃśca - rūpataḥ spṛhaṇīyān apsaraḥ prabhṛtīṃśca, abhidhyāyan - abhitaḥ kārtsnyena cintayan, duḥkhabhūyiṣṭha duḥkhodarkatādidoṣanirūpaṇena nirūpayan, atyasrākṣīḥ - tyaktavān | etāṃ vittamayīm - dhanamayīṃ, sṛṃkām - kutsitāṃ gatiṃ na avāptaḥ | yasyāṃ dhanamayyāṃ kutsitau bahavo manuṣyāḥ nimajjanti ||

2.4

caturtha mantraḥ
[ naciketasaḥ viṣayaviraktatayā brahmopadeśārhatā ]
dūramete viparīte viṣūcī | avidyā yā ca vidyeti jñātā |
vidyābhīpsinaṃ(taṃ) naciketasaṃ manye | na tvā kāmā bahavo'lolupanta ||

2.4.p1

pra.dī - dūramete iti | yā avidyeti jñātā, yā ca vidyeti jñātā, ete ubhe, dūram - atyantam, viṣūcī - bhinnagatī, viparīte - parasparaviruddhe ca, naciketasaṃ tvām, vidyābhīpsinam - brahmavidyākāminam , manye, bahavaḥ mayā pratipāditāḥ, kāmāḥ, pūrvoktāḥ sarve - tvāṃ na lolupanta1 - na hi viṣayavaśagam akurvan |

2.4.p2

pra. - duramete iti | yā avidyā iti jñātā - kāmakarmātmikā, yā ca vidyā iti jñātā vairāgyatattvajñānamayī, ete dūram - atyantam, viṣūcī - viṣūcyau bhinnagatī; parasparaviruddhe ca | vidyābhīpsinam - vidyārthinam | vidyābhīpsitam iti pāṭhe āhitāgnyāditvāt niṣṭhāntasya paranipātaḥ; chāndasatvādvā na tvā kāmā iti | kāmāḥ bahavo'pi tvām na alolupanta - śreyomārgādvicchedaṃ na kutavantaḥ | viṣayavaśago na bhavasi ityarthaḥ | lupasada (pā.sū.3-1-24) iti yaṅntāllaṅ | chāndaso yalopaḥ | yaṅlugantādvā chāndasamātmanepadam, aḍabhāvaśca1|

2.4.p3

ā.bhā. - yā karmakāṇḍe prasiddhā kāmyakarmasvarūpā avidyeti jñātā - samavagatā paṇḍitaiḥ iti śeṣaḥ | yā ca vedānteṣu prasiddhā tattvajñānasvarūpā vidyeti jñātā paṇḍitaiḥ iti śeṣaḥ | preyaḥ sādhanabhūtā avidyā; śreyaḥsādhanabhūtā tu vidyā iti vivekaḥ | ete - vidyā'vidye, dūram - atyantam, viparīte - tejastamasī iva parasparaviruddhasvarūpe; ekasyāḥ tattvajñānarūpatvāt, aparasyāśca kāmyakarmarūpatvāt iti bhāvaḥ | viṣūcī - viparītaṃ phalaṃ sūcayataḥ iti viṣūcyau | chāndasaḥ savarṇadīrghaḥ | vibhinnaphalike ityarthaḥ | vidyāyāḥ mokṣaphalakatvāt avidyāyāśca saṃsāraphalakatvāditi bhāvaḥ | tatra vidyāvidyayoḥ madhye, vidyābhīpsinam - vidyārthinaṃ, naciketasam tvām - ahaṃ, manye; śreyaḥ samutsukatāyāḥ tvayi parijñānāt iti bhāvaḥ | yasmāt hetoḥ, bahavo'pi mayā dīyamānāḥ kāmāḥ - apsaraḥprabhṛtayaḥ tvā - tvām, na alolupanta - śreyomārgāt vicchedaṃ kartuṃ samarthāḥ na abhūvan | apsaraḥprabhṛtibhogāya tvaṃ bahuśaḥ pracālito'pi pracalito nābhavaḥ iti śreyaḥsādhanavidyākāmaḥ tvaṃ stotumarhasi iti mṛtyorabhiprāyaḥ | alolupanta - ityatra chāndaso yaṅluk1 |

2.4.p4

su. - preyovaraṇāt arthato hāniḥ, śreyovaraṇācca sādhubhavati ityuktam ; tatkutaḥ? ityatrāha - dūramete iti | vidyeti yā jñātā, yā ca avidyeti jñātā, paṇḍitaiḥ iti śeṣaḥ | paṇḍitā hi śreyo vidyāṃ manyante; preyastu avidyām | ātmasvarūpaviṣayiṇī hi vidyā; putrādibhogyaviṣayiṇī hi avidyā | ete - tattva- jñānakāmakarmātmake2 vidyāvidye dūraṃ

2.4-2

viparīte- tejastamasīva atyantaṃ viruddhasvabhāve | viṣūcī - vibhinnagatī, viparītaphalake iti yāvat | tadyuktam śreya ādadānasya sādhu bhavati hīyate'rthādya u preyo vṛṇīte (ka.u.1-2-1) iti | tadevaṃ dṛḍhāgrahaṃ naciketasaṃ tvāmeveha jagati vidyābhīpsinaṃ śreyaḥ samutsukamahaṃ manye ||

2.5

pañcama mantraḥ
[ kāmyakarmiṇāṃ nīcapadaprāptiḥ ]
avidyāyāmantare vartamānāḥ svayaṃ dhīrāḥ paṇḍitaṃmanyamānāḥ |
dandrabhyamāṇāḥ pariyanti mūḍhā andhenaiva nīyamānā yathā'ndhāḥ ||

2.5.p1

pra.dī. - atha avidyāmārgaṃ nirūpayati - avidyāyām iti | avidyāyām - kāmyakarmalakṣaṇarūpāvidyāyām, antare - madhye, vartamānāḥ sañcarantaḥ, svayam - svayameva, dhīrāḥ - buddhikuśalā iti, paṇḍitaṃmanyamānāḥ1 vayaṃ śāstrakuśalā ityabhimāninaḥ santaḥ, drandrabhyamāṇāḥ - jarāmaraṇādi duḥkhapīḍitāḥ, mūḍhāḥ avivekinaḥ, andhena - jātyandhena2, nīyamānāḥ andhā yathā pariyanti - paritaḥ patanti tadvat uccanīcasthaleṣu patanti iti bhāvaḥ |

2.5.p2

pra. - avidyā yā ca vidyeti jñātā ityupāttamārgadvaye avidyāmārgaṃ nindati - avidyāyām iti | kāmyakarmādilakṣaṇāyām avidyāyāṃ madhye, dhanībhūta iva tamasi vartamānāḥ | svayameva prajñāśālinaḥ śāstrakuśalāśceti manyamānāḥ | dandrabhyamāṇāḥ3- jarārogādiduḥkhapīḍitāḥ avivekinaḥ paribhramanti | anyat spaṣṭārtham | kecittu dandravyamāṇāḥ iti pāṭhamāśritya viṣayakāmāgninā drutacittāḥ ityarthaṃ varṇayanti |

2.5.p3

ā.bhā. - idānīṃ avidyāṃ kāmyakarmarūpāṃ ye sevante, teṣām adhogatiṃ darśayati mṛtyuḥ (avidyāyām iti) | avidyāyām - kāmyakarmādirūpāyām antare- avidyāmadhye, aviralitasantamase4 iva, vartamānāḥ - tatra nimajjantaḥ, putra-bhāryā-paśu-hiraṇyāditṛṣṇāparigatāḥ ityarthaḥ | svayaṃ dhīrāḥ - svayaṃ prajñāśālinaḥ, anyadṛṣṭa ye buddhirahitā eva svadṛṣṭyā ātmanāṃ buddhimantaṃ ye manyante te svayaṃ dhīrāḥ ityucyante | paṇḍitam śāstraviṣaye matimantamātmānaṃ ye manyante te paṇḍitam manyamānāḥ ātmani śāstranipuṇatābhimānavantaḥ | evaṃbhūtā mūḍhāḥ - vivekarahitā janāḥ, andhena - cakṣurvihīnena janena, nīyamānāḥ - viṣame kaṇṭakādisamākīrṇe vā vartmani prāpyamāṇāḥ, andhāḥ - dṛṣṭirahitā janāḥ, yathā pariyanti - paritaḥ anarthān kaṇṭakavedhaśarīrapādādibhaṅgarūpān yanti - prāpnuvanti, tathā dandramyamāṇāḥ | gatyartho yaṅanto dramdhātuḥ1 | kuṭilaṃ gacchantaḥ kuṭilagatiṃ pratipadyamānāḥ, pariyanti - paritaḥ svarganarakapaśusthāvarādiyoniṣu nānāprakārāṇi duḥkhāni prāpnuvanti| dandravyamāṇā ityapi kvacitpāṭhaḥ | tadā viṣayavāsanāvahnividrūyamāṇamanasaḥ2 ityarthaḥ|

2.5.p4

su. - atha avidyāniṣṭhānām adhogatimāha - avidyāyām antare vartamānāḥ - putrapaśu annādikāmarūpāyām avidyāyāṃ vidyamānāḥ | tatrāpi na kvacitprānte; kintu antare - madhye, nitāntamavidyānimagnā; ityetat | svayaṃ dhīrāḥ- svayaṃ prajñāśālinaḥ, vayameva prājñā iti svayameva manvānā iti

2.6

yāvat | paṇḍitaṃmanyamānāḥ - śāstrakuśalānātmano manvānāḥ | dandramyamāṇāḥ - kuṭilāṃ gatim anugatāḥ | jaṅghanyamānāḥ iti pāṭhe jarāmaraṇādi upadravaiḥ pīḍyamānāḥ ityarthaḥ| dandramyamāṇā iti pāṭhe kāmāgninā vidrutacittāḥ ityarthaḥ | evambhūtā mūḍhāḥ andhenaiva nīyamānāḥ andhā iva paribhramanti | bhavamahāraṇye3 punaḥ punaḥ bhramantyeva ityarthaḥ |
ṣaṣṭhamantraḥ
nāstikasya yamasadanaprāptiḥ
na sāṃparāyaḥ pratibhāti bālaṃ pramādyantaṃ vittamohena mūḍham |
ayaṃ loko nāsti para iti mānī punaḥ punarvaśamāpadyate me ||

2.6.p1

pra.dī. - na sāmparāyaḥ iti | sāṃparāyaḥ1 - samyakparaḥ saṃparaḥ śrīvaikuṇṭhalokaḥ | sa eva sāmparaḥ tasya ayate anena ityayaḥ gamanasādhanavyāpāraḥ, paramapadagamanasādhanavyāpāraḥ, bālam - ajñam, vittamohena - dhanagarveṇa, pramādyantam-

2.6.p2

anavadhānavantaṃ, mūḍham - avivekam prati, na pratibhāti na jñāyate taiḥ ityarthaḥ |

2.6.p3

ata eteṣām ayaṃ lokaḥ - manuṣyalokaḥ, paralokasvargādikaṃ ca nāsti iti hetoḥ mānī - dehābhimānī, punaḥ punaḥ - vāraṃ vāraṃ, me - mṛtyoḥ mama vaśamāpadyate - prāpnoti ityarthaḥ |

2.6.p4

pra. - na sāmparāyaḥ iti | paralokasādhanavyāpāraḥ, avivekinaṃ prati na prakāśate | pramādyantam - anavahitamanaskam | vittamohena mūḍham - viṣayāśāvaśīkṛtamanoratham | ayaṃ loko nāsti iti | ayameva loko'sti; paraloko nāstīti manyamānaḥ, matkriyamāṇayātanā viṣayo bhavati ityarthaḥ | vyāsārthaiḥ, saṃyamane tvanubhūya (bra.sū.3-1-13) iti sūtre ayaṃ loko nāsti para uta mānī ? iti pāṭhānusāreṇa ayaṃ ca lokaḥ paraśca loko nāstītyartho varṇitaḥ | tatra pakṣe2 tasya iti śeṣaḥ pūraṇīyaḥ ca śabdaśca adhyāhāryaḥ | mānī ityasya durmānītyarthaḥ | śiṣṭaparigrahābhāvāt3, ayaṃ loko nāsti ityasya upapattirdraṣṭavyā | durmānī punaḥ punarvaśamāpadyata iti uttaratra sambadhyate |

2.6.p5

ā.bhā. - sampareyate - samyak asmāllokāt parāvṛttya gamyate iti samparāyaḥ - paralokaḥ | samparāyaḥ, eva sāmparāyaḥ | yadvā - saṃparāyaḥ - paralokaḥ prayojanamasyeti sāmparāyaḥ, paralokasādhanabhūtaṃ śāstrapratipādyaṃ vartma | sa sāmparāyaḥ bālam - bālamiva vivekasparśahīnam | ata eva pramādyantam - śarīropacayasādhaneṣu paśvannaprabhṛtiṣu samāsaktatayā asamāhitacittam | vittamohena mūḍham - vittam ratnahiraṇyādi, tannimittena mohena - avivekena, mūḍham - mugdham, viṣayavāsanākavalitāntaḥkaraṇam janaṃ prati, na bhāti - na prakāśate | asti kaścit paraloko'pi padārthaḥ; tatsādhanamārgo vā śāstrabodhitaḥ iti bhānam avivekino dhanāśāparītasya naiva bhavatītyarthaḥ | tasmāt ayaṃ dṛśyamānaḥ loka evāsti; dṛṣṭasyaiva prāmāṇyābhimānāt | paraḥ - paralokaḥ, nāsti; tasya adṛśyamānatvāt iti mānī abhimānavān | saha kena paraloko dṛṣṭaḥ ? tato nāstyeva saḥ iti manyate | evambhūto janaḥ, punaḥ punaḥ - janmamaraṇaparamparayā vāraṃ vāraṃ, me - mama, daṇḍadharasya śāsituḥ yamasya, vaśam - ādhīnyam, āpadyate- mayā kriyamāṇāyāḥ mama yātanāyā viṣayo paunaḥpunyena bhavati ityarthaḥ| kvacittu iti mānī ityatra uta mānī iti pāṭhaḥ, tadā uta śabdasya apisamānārthatvāt ayaṃ loko nāsti paro'pi loko nāsti ityevam anvayaḥ kāryaḥ | tatpakṣe bāla iva vivekahīnaḥ imaṃ lokaṃ na manyate | śiṣṭaiḥ aparigṛhītatvāt, paralokamapi na manyate

2.6-2

viṣayavāsanāparītattvāt | tasmāt īdṛśaduṣṭātmanaḥ paunaḥ punyena mama yātanāviṣayatā bhavatyeva iti bhāvaḥ |
su. - pramādyantam - putra-paśvannādiṣu atyāsaṅgena śāstrīyādapi pathaḥ praskhalantam, tatra anavahitamanaskam ityetat | vittamohena mūḍham - dhanamohena mugdhaṃ, tamasā''vṛtamiti yāvat | evambhūtaṃ bālam - avivekinaṃ prati, sāmparāyaḥ- paralokasādhanabhūtaḥ śāstrīyo'rtho na pratibhāti | rajasā tamasā āvṛtasya na paralokadṛṣṭiḥ iti yāvat | eṣa mūḍhaḥ, ayaṃ lokaḥ - ayameva dṛśyamāno lokaḥ; nāsti para iti manyate | evaṃ mānī punaḥ punaḥ mama vaśam āpadyate - daṇḍadharasya mama vaśam āpadyate, matkriyamāṇayātanāgocarī bhavati1 iti yāvat ||

2.7

saptamamantraḥ
[ samyak vaktā śrotā durlabhaḥ ]
śravaṇāyāpi bahubhiryo na labhyaḥ śṛṇvanto'pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ |
āścaryo vaktā kuśalo'sya labdhā āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ ||

2.7.p1

pra.dī. - śravaṇāya iti | yaḥ - antaryāmibrāhmaṇādiṣu prasiddhaḥ paramātmā, naḥ bahubhiḥ - janaiḥ, śravaṇāyāpi - śrotumapi, na labhyaḥ bahavaḥ- janāḥ, yam - paramātmānaṃ, śṛṇvanto'pi na vidyuḥ - na vijānanti, kiñca asya paramātmanaḥ, kuśalaḥ - nipuṇaḥ, vaktā, āścaryaḥ durlabhaḥ ityarthaḥ | āścaryavatpaśyati kaścidenam (bha.gī.2-29) ityādi gītāvākyamanusandheyam |

2.7.p2

pra. - śravaṇāyāpi - iti | yaḥ prasiddhaḥ paramātmā saḥ anekaiḥ

2.7.p3

2.7.p4

manuṣyāṇāṃ sahasreṣu kaścit yatati siddhaye |

2.7.p5

yatatāmapi siddhānāṃ kaścinmāṃ vetti tattvataḥ || (bha.gī.7-3) ityukteḥ iti bhāvaḥ |

2.7.p6

ā.bhā. - anekajanmasamupārjitasukṛtaparamparayā tvādṛśaḥ śreyorthī, virala eva bhavati iti naciketasaṃ praśaṃsitum āha - śravaṇāyāpi - śāstratātparyavidyayā niścetumapi, yaḥ - paramātmā, bahubhiḥ - śrotṛbhiḥ na labhyaḥ, prāpyo'sti, bahavaḥ janāḥ, śrutijanyaparamātmatattvaviniścayāya na pravartante, kintu prāktanapuṇyaparipākavantaḥ1 alpīyāṃsa eva atra pravartante iti bhāvaḥ | śṛṇvanto'pi ye paramātmatattvam, pravartante viniścetuṃ, teṣvapi bahavaḥ janāḥ, yam - paramātmānaṃ, na vidyuḥ na jānanti, kintu śravaṇapareṣvapi kaścideva jñātuṃ prabhavati | asya - evambhūtasya asulabhajñānasya paramātmanaḥ, kuśalaḥ - nipuṇaḥ, vaktā - upadeṣṭā, āścaryaḥ- adbhuta eva | śiṣyapratipattikārinaipuṇyena samupadeṣṭā'pi paramātmatattvasya, mahān durlabha iti bhāvaḥ | evam - kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ -

2.7-2

kuśalena nipuṇena ācāryeṇa, anuśiṣṭaḥ - samupadiṣṭaḥ, paramātmatattvasya jñātā'pi āścarya eva, virala eva nipuṇatamagurūpadiṣṭo'pi yāthārthyena paramātmatattvajñātā bhavati ityarthaḥ | asya labdhā - api, āścaryaḥ - nipuṇatamagurūpadeśasāmarthyāvagataparamātmayāthārthyeṣvapi virala eva upāyānuṣṭhānataḥ asya prāptikartā iti sarvato'sya daurlabhyāt āścaryakaratvamiti bhāvaḥ |
su. - śreyasi yatamānānāṃ sarveṣāmeva, tat paramātmasvarūpaṃ, na sulabham ityāha - śravaṇāyāpi iti | yaḥ - paramātmā, śravaṇāyāpi - śrotumapi, bahubhiḥ na labhyaḥ - bahūnāṃ tacchravaṇamapi durlabham | śṛṇvanto bahavaḥ yaṃ na vidyuḥ - yāthātathyena tatsvarūpaṃ na jānīyuḥ | asya - evambhūtasya asya kuśalo vaktā āścaryaḥ - marubhūmiṣu jalāśayavat1 kaścideva tādṛśaḥ iti yāvat | kuśalena guruṇā'nuśiṣṭo jñātā'pi āścaryaḥ | tathā kuśalo labdhā 'pi āścaryaḥ | gurumukhato'dhigatātmayāthārthyaḥ paścāt upāyādyanuṣṭhānena asya labdhā tu kaścit eva ityarthaḥ | uttarottaraṃ viralatvam abhipretam ||

2.8

aṣṭamamantraḥ
[ atisūkṣmatayā prākṛtajanājñeyaḥ ]
na nareṇāvareṇa prokta eṣa suvijñeyo bahudhā cintyamānaḥ |
ananyaprokte gatiratra nāsti aṇīyān hyatarkyamaṇupramāṇāt ||

2.8.p1

pra.dī. - na nareṇa iti | avareṇa - aśreṣṭhena, nareṇa - prākṛtena janena,

2.8.p2

proktaḥ, eṣaḥ paramātmā, bahudhā - bahuprakāreṇa cintyamāno'pi vicāryamāṇo'pi, suvijñeyo na bhavati | ananyaprokte gatiratra nāsti | ananyena - bhagavataḥ ananyena, paramaikāntinā1, prokte - upadiṣṭe sati, yā muktirūpā gatiḥ - sā gatiḥ atra - aparapuruṣopadeśe nāsti | yadvā - ananyaprokte - svenaiva svayam avagate sati, atra gatiḥ paramaikāntiproktā gatiḥ nāsti, ayamātmā, aṇu pramāṇāt - aṇorapi, aṇīyān - sūkṣmaḥ, paramātmā | ataḥ - atarkyam - paramātmavastu tarkagocaraṃ na |

2.8.p3

pra. - na nareṇāvareṇeti | avareṇa - aśreṣṭhena prākṛtena pāṇḍityamātra prayojanavedāntaśravaṇena2, nareṇa - dehātmābhimāninā, eṣaḥ - ātmā, suvijñeyo na bhavati | kuto hetoḥ ? bahudhā cintyamānaḥ | vādibhiḥ iti śeṣaḥ | ananyaprokte gatiratra nāsti | ananyena - ucyamānātmano1'nanyena tadekāntinā brahmātmasākṣātkāriṇā, prokte atra ātmani yādṛśī avagatiḥ, sā ātmāvagatiḥ avareṇa prokte nāstītyarthaḥ | yadvā - atra - saṃsāre, gatiḥ - caṅkramaṇaṃ nāstītyarthaḥ | yadvā ananyaprokte - svayamavagate, gatiḥ - ātmāvagatiḥ, nāsti ityarthaḥ | anyaprokte iti pāṭhe, avaranaraprokte sati ātmāvagatiḥ2 nāsti ityarthaḥ| nanu - yena kenacidupadiṣṭe'pi ūhāpohaśālinaḥ syādeva ityata āha - aṇīyān hyatarkyamaṇu pramāṇāt| yato'ṇorapyaṇīyān ātmā, ataḥ tatsvarūpaṃ tarkāgocaram| ā.bhā. - pūrvamantre paramātmatattvasya vaktā jñātā ca āścaryaḥ iutyuktam | tatra hetustu na upanyastaḥ ; tam anena mantreṇa samupanyasyati - avareṇa - hīnena prākṛtabuddhinā dehendriyādiṣu ātmābhimānavatā nareṇa, proktaḥ - prakarṣeṇa uktaḥ samupadiṣṭo'pi, eṣaḥ - paramātmā, na suvijñeyaḥ - na hi samyak vijñātuṃ śakyaḥ yato hetoḥ vādibhiḥ taiḥ taiḥ tāntrikaiḥ, bahudhā cintyamānaḥ asti nāsti ityevaṃ rūpeṇa, kartā akartā ityevaṃ rūpeṇa, nityaḥ anityaḥ ityevaṃrūpeṇa bahuprakāreṇa vicāryamāṇo'sti; prakārabāhulyāt| akṛtātmasākṣātkāravatā nareṇa prāptopadeśasyāpi sambhramāvaśyaṃbhāvāt1 | ataḥ yadupadeśena nirvicikitsaṃ pratipadyetāyamātmā, tādṛśo vaktā āścarya eva | evaṃ satyapi kṛtātmasākṣātkāravataḥ upadeśe viṣayavāsanāvaśīkṛtamanasā avareṇa nareṇa naivaṃ samyak jñātumarhaḥ iti, jñātā'pi gatavāsanaḥ kaścideva ato jñātā'pi āścaryaḥ iti bhāvaḥ |

2.8.p4

ananyaprokte - anyena svāpekṣayā bhinnena brahmasākṣātkāravatā guruṇā, proktaḥ - anyaproktaḥ, tadbhinne - gurūpadeśamantareṇa svabuddhivyāpāramātreṇa vicintite'tra paramātmasvarūpe, gatiḥ - avagamaḥ samyak jñānamityetat, nāsti na bhavati kasyāpi |

2.8.p5

yadvā - ananyena paramātmani svātmatvānusandhānavattayā tadaikāntikena tatsākṣātkāravatā, prokte - atra paramātmasvarūpe, agatiḥ nāsti kintu brahmāvagatiḥ bhavatyeva |

2.8.p6

yadvā brahmasākṣātkāriṇā brahmasvarūpe prokte sati, atra saṃsāre, gatiḥ - bhramaṇaṃ nāsti; tādṛśagurūpasadanavataḥ ; yataḥ tādṛśagurūpadeśasāmarthyā-

2.8.p7

vagataparamātmayāthātmyo bhavatyeva saḥ iti bhāvaḥ | ūhāpohaviśiṣṭaḥ2 tarkakuśalaḥ svayamapi kathaṃ nāvagacchet ? avaraprokte'pi tarkakauśalena vā kathaṃ na vijñātayāthātmyaḥ syāt ? ityāśaṃkām nirākartumāha - aṇīyān aṇu pramāṇāt | aṇupramāṇāt - aṇorapi, aṇīyān - atiśayena aṇureva, tarkeṇa hi aṇuparimāṇaparyantaṃ kaścit sthāpitumarhati; na

2.8-2

tato'ṇutaram, tatra tarkasyāprasarāt idañca brahmatattvam aṇoraṇutaram iti hetoḥ, apratarkyam - tarkāgocarabhūtam | ato na svatarkamātreṇa, avaropadeśasahakṛtatarkeṇa vā jñātum arham iti bhāvaḥ |
su. - kuto vaktuḥ jñāturvā daurlabhyamityatrāha - na nareṇeti | yadyapi śrutavedāntāḥ pāṇḍityamātraprayojanā bahavaḥ santi nāma, te hi anadhigatātmasākṣātkārā avarā eva, na teṣu anyatamena avareṇa nareṇa proktaḥ, eṣa ātmā suvijñeyaḥ, tasmāt yena proktaḥ ayaṃ ayaṃ suṣṭhu vijñāyeta; sa tu kuśalo vaktā kaścideva | evaṃ kuśalena proktaḥ api ayaṃ anādipāpavāsanābhibhūtena viṣayonmukhacetasā avareṇa nareṇa, na suṣṭhu vijñeyaḥ ; tajjñātā'pi kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ kaścideva | yasmādguruṇā anuśiṣṭo'pi yathāvat jñātā atra durlabhaḥ ; tasmāt, vinā'tra gurūpadeśam ūhāpohanipuṇasyāpi, jñānaṃ na ghaṭetaivetyāha - ananyaprokta iti| anyena - guruṇā, prokte - svayameva paryālociteti yāvat | atra - ātmasvarūpe, gatiḥ nāsti - gamyate aneneti, gatiḥ - avakāśaḥ, so'pi nāsti ityarthaḥ | jñānakathā'pi na iti yāvat | tarkakuśalasya kim ? iti durjñeyam ityatrāha - aṇīyān iti | yasmādeṣaḥ aṇupramāṇādapi aṇīyān - atisūkṣmaḥ | tasmādūhāpohaśālinā api ajñātaṃ tatsvarūpam ||

2.9

navamamantraḥ
[ tarkālabhyaṃ ātmajñānam ]
naiṣā tarkeṇa matirāpaneyā proktā'nyenaiva sujñānāya preṣṭha |
yāṃ tvamāpaḥ satyadhṛtirbatāsi tvādṛṅnobhūyānnaciketaḥ praṣṭā ||

2.9.p2

pra.dī. - tadevāha - naiṣā tarkeṇa iti | eṣā - ātmaviṣayakāmatiḥ, tarkeṇa na āpanīyā - tarkaṃ na prāpaṇīyā, preṣṭha! - priyatama! anyenaiva - svasmādanyena guruṇaiva, proktā - upadiṣṭā matiḥ, sujñānāya bhavati | tvaṃ yāṃ mati mavāpaḥ prāptavānasi, satyadhṛtiḥ - saḥ phalabuddhirasi | he naciketa!, tvādṛk - bhavādṛk, praṣṭā - śiṣyaḥ naḥ - asmākaṃ bhūyāt |

2.9.p3

pra. - tadevāha - naiṣā tarkeṇa matiḥ iti | eṣā - ātmaviṣayiṇī matiḥ, tarkeṇa prāpaṇīyā na ityarthaḥ | ataḥ tarkakuśalenāpi svayaṃ jñātuṃ na śakyā ityarthaḥ | proktā'nyeneti | he preṣṭha ! priyatama ! svasmādanyenaiva guruṇā, upadiṣṭaiva matiḥ - mokṣasādhanāya bhavati | kā punaḥ sā matiḥ? ityatrāha - yāṃ tvamāpaḥ iti| yām - matim, tvamāpaḥ - 1prāptavā nasi, siṣādhayiṣitatayā niścitavānityarthaḥ| satyadhṛtirasi | satyā - aprakaṃpyā dhṛtiḥ yasya sa tathoktaḥ | bata - iti anukampāyām | tvādṛgiti | tvādṛśaḥ śiṣyaḥ asmākaṃ bhūyādityarthaḥ|

2.9.p4

ā.bhā. yasmāt paramātmasvarūpam apratarkyam, ataḥ hetoḥ eṣā paramātmaviṣayiṇī matiḥ tarkeṇa - svabuddhisampādita ūhāpohamātreṇa, na āpaneyā na prāptumarhā, tarkakauśalamātraṃ na atra prabhavati ityarthaḥ | yadvā - eṣā matiḥ tarkeṇa gurūpadeśamullaṅghya kevalena kṛtena, na āpaneyā1 na dūrīkāryā, tarkamātreṇa brahmatattvamavajigamiṣurapi, nādhigacchati kintu; tato'pagataiva bhavati sāvagatiḥ ityetat | he preṣṭha2 ! priyatama ! naciketaḥ, anyena - tattvasākṣātkāriṇā guruṇā, proktā - samupadiṣṭaiva matiḥ, sujñānāya - mokṣasādhanabhūtāya jñānāya, bhavati sā matiḥ kā? iti jijñāsāyām upadiśati - yām - matiṃ sarvabandhavinirmokṣottarakālīnātmaviṣayāṃ, tvam āpaḥ - madvarapradānena prāptuṃ kṛtaniścayo'si, tvam ityetadeva viśinaṣṭi - satyadhṛtiḥ iti | satyā - apsaraḥ prabhṛtibhirapi akaṃpanīyā, dhṛtiḥ - manaḥsthiratā yasya tādṛśaḥ, he naciketaḥ ! tvādṛśaḥ - tvatsamaḥ, satyadhṛtiḥ praṣṭā - śiṣyaḥ, me bhūyāt | bata iti avyayam anukaṃpāyām | sā ca anukaṃpā tvādṛśaḥ praṣṭā bhūyāt ityanena pradarśitā bhavati stutivyañjanayā |

2.9.p5

su. - yasmādaṇoḥ aṇuḥ apratarkyam ātmasvarūpaṃ tasmāt, eṣā matiḥ - ātmasvarūpaviṣayiṇī, tarkeṇa na āpaneyā - prāptumayogyā yām tvam āpaḥ - siṣādhayiṣitatayā prāptavānasi, yā matiḥ sampādyatayā tvayā niścitetyāśayaḥ | yadvā avadhīrya gurūpadeśam ātmanaḥ tarkabalena ātmasvarūpādhigame pravartamānasya kevalaṃ

2.9-2

tarkabalam, dūrīkuryādeva antata ātmajñānam | tadavardhīrya gurumavalambitena tarkeṇa, saiṣā ātmasvarūpaviṣayiṇī matiḥ na āpaneyā - na parihāryā | leśato jātā'pi sā, kevalena tarkeṇa apagacchet eva iti āśayaḥ he preṣṭha ! priyatama ! anyena proktaiva sujñānāya - gurumukhāddhyevādhigatā sā, sujñānāya | anyathā tu ajñānaphalāyaiva iti bhāvaḥ | śiṣyabhinandati satyadhṛtirbatāsi iti | bata iti anukampāyām | satyadhṛtiḥ asi - yadapsaraḥprabhṛtibhiḥ api bhogaiḥ avicālito'sya asmadabhiniveśāt | he naciketaḥ ! tvādṛk praṣṭā no bhūyāt- tvādṛśaḥ satyadhṛtiḥ śiṣyaḥ no bhūyāt ||

2.10

daśamamantraḥ
[ ātmatattvaṃ asthiraphalapradakarmabhiralabhyam ]
jānāmyaham̐ śevadhirityanityam | na hyadhruvaiḥ prāpyate hi dhruvaṃ tat |
tato mayā nāciketaścito'gniranityairdravyaiḥ prāptavānasmi nityam ||

2.10.p1

pra.dī. - punarapi tuṣṭaḥ āha - jānāmyaham iti | śevadhiḥ1 - kuberasambandhi nidhiḥ, sukṛtakarmaphalalakṣaṇaḥ | anityam iti - asthiramiti, ahaṃ jānāmi, dhruvam - sthiraṃ, tat - ātmatattvam, adhruvaiḥ - asthirānityaphalapradaiḥ karmabhiḥ, na prāpyate hi - na labhyate hi, mayā - pūrvoktānityatvādyarthajñānavatā mayā, brahmaprāptisādhanatvoddeśyena anityaiḥ dravyai - iṣṭakādidravyaiḥ, nāciketo'gniścitaḥ - cayanaṃ kṛtaḥ, tasmāt nityam - mokṣaphalasādhanaṃ jñānam, prāptavānasmi |

2.10.p2

pra. - punarapi tuṣṭa āha - jānāmyaham̐ iti | śevadhiḥ - nidhiḥ, kuberādyaiśvaryam | evañjātīyakaṃ karmaphalalakṣaṇam anityamiti jānāmi | na hyadhruvaiḥ iti | dhruvaṃ tat - ātmatattvam | adhruvaiḥ - anityaphalasādhanabhūtaiḥ anityadravyasādhyairvā karmabhiḥ ityarthaḥ | tato mayeti | evaṃ jñātavatā mayā, brahmaprāptisādhanajñānoddeśena anityaiḥ iṣṭakādidravyaiḥ nāciketo'gniścitaḥ | tasmāddhetoḥ nityaphalasādhanaṃ jñānaṃ prāptavānasmi ityarthaḥ | ataḥ brahmaprāpteḥ jñānaikasādhyatvasya na virodhaḥ |

2.10.p3

ā.bhā. - prasanno mṛtyuḥ, yathā paramātmatattvaṃ jñātavān tadanena mantreṇa naciketasam upadiśati - śevadhiḥ - nidhiḥ, tadbhogyatvāt sarvameva karmaphalam ityarthaḥ | anityam - atra chāndasaṃ napuṃsakatvam | anityaḥ iti bhāvyam, nidhiviśeṣaṇatvāt1 | anityaḥ - na sadā sthāyī; janyatvena vināśitvāt iti, aham - mṛtyuḥ, jānāmi - samyak vedni | tat - paramātmasvarūpam, dhruvam - nityam, ata eva adhruvaiḥ -

2.10.p4

anityaphalasādhanabhūtaiḥ karmabhiḥ na prāpyate | hi niścitametat | tataḥ - nityasya anityaphalasādhanaiḥ aprāpyatvajñānavattvādeva hetoḥ, mayā - mṛtyunā, naciketaḥ agniḥ nāciketanāmnā khyātaḥ agniḥ, anityaiḥ -

2.10.p5

iṣṭakādidravyaiḥ, paramātmajñānamuddiśya phalāntaranirapekṣayā citaḥ - nirvartitaḥ, ataḥ nityaṃ paramātmaprāptirūpanityaphalasādhanaṃ jñānam, prāptavān - labdhavānasmi | yadyapi-

2.10.p6

brahmajñānamapi anityam, tathāpi - nityaphalasādhanatvāt anityatvamuccāryate ||

2.10-2

su. - tuṣṭo mṛtyuḥ, svasya paramaniḥśreyasasādhanabhūtātmajñānāgamaprakāramāha - jānāmi iti | śevadhiḥ - nidhiḥ, idamakhilasya karmaphalasya upalakṣakam, nidhivat bhogyatvāt | karmaphalam akhilameva anityam iti ahaṃ jānāmi | nā'pi etaiḥ ātmalābhe, leśata upayogo vā | na hi adhruvaiḥ - indrādyaiḥ api padaiḥ dhruvaṃ tadātmasvarūpaṃ prāpyate | yāmye aiśvarye sthitenā'pi mayā idam akiñcitkaraṃ jñātvā, tata eva nāciketaḥ agniḥ vinā phalasaṅgaṃ citaḥ | ataśca svataḥ anityaiḥ api etaiḥ iṣṭakādi dravyaiḥ - phalābhisandhirahitakarmasu viniyuktaiḥ labdhavānasmi nityam - nityaphalasādhanatvāt nityam ityuktiḥ | ātmasvarūpajñānamityetat | nityaphalasādhanasya asya nikṛṣṭātmajñānasya lābho mama anenaiva agninā niṣkāmaṃ citeneti āśayaḥ ||

2.11

ekādaśamantraḥ
[ naciketasaḥ dhīratvapratipādanam ]
kāmasyāptiṃ jagataḥ pratiṣṭhāṃ kratorānantyamabhayasya pāram |
stomaṃ mahadurugāyaṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ dṛṭvā dhṛtyā dhīro naciketo'tyasrākṣīḥ ||

2.11.p1

pra.dī. - naciketaso yogyatāṃ vivṛṇoti - kāmasyāptim iti | apsaraḥprabhṛti prākṛtasarvakāmāvāptim, jagataḥ pratiṣṭhām - hiraṇyagarbhādilokasthitiṃ ca, kratoḥ - sarvakarmaṇaḥ phalaṃ, ānantyamabhayasya pāram bhayābhāvasya antam, stomam - apahatapāpmatvādi guṇasamūham, mahadurugāyaṃ | mahat adhikam, uru - uccaiḥ, gāyam - gānayogyam, yaśaḥ pratiṣṭām - apunarāvṛttiṃ ca, paramapuruṣārthalakṣaṇa - mokṣe dṛṣṭvā, he naciketaḥ - tvam, dhīraḥ san, dhṛtyā - sarvānprākṛtānkāmān, atyasrākṣīḥ - tyaktavānasi | yadvā - paramātmani eva etadguṇajātam astīti yojanā sarvākāmāvāptitvaṃ, sarvajagadādhāratvaṃ, sarvakratvanantaphalapradattvaṃ, anavadhikābhayapradattvam, apahatapāpmatvādikalyāṇaguṇasamūhavattvam, mahatkīrtimatvaṃ, sarvāntarātmatvaṃ ca bhagavati nārāyaṇe dṛṣṭvā, he naciketaḥ! tvaṃ dhīraḥ san, prākṛtān sarvān kāmān tyaktavānasi iti, vāsudevaḥ sarvam (bha.gī.7-19) iti ślokaḥ atrānusandheyaḥ |

2.11.p2

pra. - tvādṛṅno bhūyān naciketaḥ praṣṭā iti pūrvamantroktaṃ naciketasaḥ śravaṇādhikāraṃ vivṛṇoti - kāmasyāptim iti | kratoḥ karmaṇaḥ, pratiṣṭhām - phalabhūtām, jagataḥ kāmasyāptim - caturmukhasthānaparyantasarvalokasambandhistryādi-

2.11.p3

viṣayātmakakāmaprāptiṃ ca dṛṣṭvā, mokṣasvarūpamāha - ānantyamabhayasya pāram ityādinā | avināśitvam, atyantanirbhayatvam,

2.11.p4

apahatapāpmatvasatyasaṃkalpa -

2.11.p5

tvādimahāguṇagaṇarūpastomaṃ uru - kīrtiṃ ca1, sthairyañca mokṣagataṃ dṛṣṭvā laukikān kāmān prajñāśālitvāt tyaktavānasi ityarthaḥ | yadvā - mokṣarūpaparamātmasvarūpe eva sarvakāmāvāptiṃ, tatraiva sakalajagadādhāratvaṃ kratoḥ anantaphalarūpatāñca ityevaṃ sarvaṃ paramātmaviṣayatayā yojanīyam |

2.11.p6

ā.bhā. - viraktasyaiva brahmavidyāyām adhikāraḥ iti pradarśayan, naciketasaḥ vairāgyam anusmarati, taṃ praśaṃsituṃ prasādamāpanno mṛtyuḥ anena mantreṇa | he naciketaḥ ! kratoḥ - karmaṇaḥ yāgādirūpasya, pratiṣṭhām - phalarūpām, jagataḥ jagatsambandhinaḥ, brahmāṇḍāntargatasya, caturmukhasthānaparyantasya, sarvasya, kāmasya - kāmanāviṣayasya, āptim - prāptiṃ, dṛṣṭvā - vicintya, duḥkhamiśratva - duḥkhodarkatvāsadāyatanatvavināśitvādidoṣasandohaviśiṣṭaviṣayaprāptirūpatayā-jaghanyām anityāñca avadhārya, paramapuruṣārthe ca ānantyam - anto vināśaḥ tadrahito'nantaḥ, tasya bhāvaḥ - ānantyam - avināśitvam, abhayasya - trāsarāhityasya, pāram - caramāṃ kāṣṭhām, stomam - samudāyam, apahatapāpmatva - satyakāmatva - satyasaṃkalpatvādiguṇānām āvirbhūtam, stavanīyatvam, mahat - mahattvam, bhāvapradhānanirdeśaḥ, urugāyaḥ1 - uru - mahān, gīyate iti gāyaḥ - kīrtiḥ, tam urugāyaṃ mahatīṃ kīrtim pratiṣṭhām - sthiratāñca apunarāvṛttisvarūpām, dṛṣṭvā - samavadhārya, mayā dīyamānān kāmān, atyasrākṣīḥ tyaktavānasi | tasmāt tvaṃ dhīraḥ sārāsāravivecanasāmarthyaprajñāvānasi |

2.11.p7

yadvā - mokṣaprāptāveva jagataḥ sarvasya prāptim kratoḥ pratiṣṭhāñca antargatāṃ satyakāmatvādiguṇāvirbhāvacintanādavadhārya mayā dīyamānāṃ

2.11-2

kāmāptiṃ tyaktavān ataḥ dhīraḥ asīti yojanīyam |
su. - punarabhinandati naciketasam anusmaran tasya viṣayavaitṛṣṇyam - he
naciketaḥ ! tvamasi dhīraḥ - prajñāśālī | yat kratoḥ - yāgādeḥ karmaṇaḥ, pratiṣṭhām - phalabhūtāṃ, jagataḥ kāmasya - jagatsambandhikāmasya, brahmāṇḍodaravartino laukikasya kāmasya prāptim | atha alaukike tu arthe paramapuruṣārthasvarūpe ānantyam - avināśitvam, abhayasya pāram - abhayakāṣṭhām, stomam - apahatapāpmatvādiguṇastomam, stuttyaṃ vā svarūpam, mahat- mahattām, urugāyam - prabalakīrtim, pratiṣṭhām - apunarāvṛttilakṣaṇaṃ sthairyam, dṛṣṭvā - vicintya, doṣaguṇānucintanapūrvakaṃ dṛṣṭvā, laukikānarthān atyasrākṣīḥ - tyaktavānasi |
yadvā - kāmasyā''ptiṃ, jagataḥ pratiṣṭhāṃ dṛṣṭvā - jagatpratiṣṭhāparimitāṃ dṛṣṭvā iti laukikārtheṣu doṣoktiḥ | ayaṃ bhāvaḥ - laukikā hi arthā mānuṣabhogaprabhṛtikāḥ, parimitakālatvena kṣayiṣṇavaḥ; yaccātra jagati sarvataḥ atiśayitaṃ hairaṇyagarbhaṃ padaṃ, tadapi jagato'sya pralaye, tena saha vinaśyedeva iti, kāmāptiḥ sarvā, brahmādistambaparyantajagatsattāṃ na atiśeta iti, tat pratiṣṭhārūpā iyam ; tasya sāntatve laukikārthānāṃ kuto'nantatvam ? iti | atha muktisvarūpe guṇa ucyate - kratoḥ ānantyam iti | kratoḥ - upāsanasya, brahmopāsanasya iti etat | ānantyam - phalataḥ aparicchinnatvam |
anyatpūrvavat | yadvā - abhayasya pāraṃ stomaṃ mahadurugāyaṃ pratiṣṭhāṃ ca mokṣe'laukikapuruṣārthe dṛṣṭvā, karmaphalabhūtāṃ laukikakāmāptim atyasrākṣīḥ ityarthaḥ ||

2.12

dvādaśamantraḥ
[ bhaktiyogasādhyaḥ paramātmā ]
taṃ durdarśaṃ gūḍhamanupraviṣṭaṃ guhāhitaṃ gahvareṣṭhaṃ purāṇam |
adhyātmayogādhigamena devaṃ mattvā dhīro harṣaśokau jahāti ||

2.12.p1

pra.dī. - paramātmasvarūpaṃ nirūpayan, naciketasaḥ yogyatāṃ darśayati tam iti | gūḍham - yogamāyāsamāvṛtam, ata eva durdarśam - draṣṭumaśakyam, anupraviṣṭam - sarvabhūtānupraviṣṭam, guhāhitam - upāsakānugrahārthaṃ hṛdayaguhāntarvartinam, gahvareṣṭham - śāsanārtham antaryāmiṇam, purāṇam - anādim, adhyātmayogādhigamena - ātmani jīve, cetasaḥ1 viṣayebhyo vinivartya adhikṛtya sthitiḥ - adhyātmam, sa cāsau yogaḥ adhyātmayogaḥ, - cidacidvivekaḥ, tena adhigamaṃ prāptaṃ cidacidīśvaravibhāgajñānam, tena cidacidīśvaravibhāgajñānena tam - pūrvoktaguṇaviśiṣṭaṃ devam - paramātmānam, matvā dhīraḥ - dhīmān, harṣaśokau - viṣayalābhālābhajanyaharṣaśokau jahāti |

2.12.p2

pra. - tṛtīyaṃ praśnaṃ prativakti - taṃ durdarśam ityādinā mantradvayena | durdarśam śravaṇāyāpi bahubhiryo na labhyaḥ (ka.u.2-7) ityuktarītyā draṣṭumaśakyam, gūḍham - tirodhāyakakarmarūpāvidyātirohitam, sarvabhūtānupraviṣṭam, guhāhitam - hṛdayaguhāvartinam, gahvareṣṭham - ātmāntaryāmiṇam1, purāṇam - anādim, adhyātmayogādhigamena - viṣayebhyaḥ pratisaṃhṛtya cetasa ātmani samavadhānam2 adhyātmayogaḥ, yacchedvāṅmanasī prājñaḥ (ka.u.3-13), yadā pañcāvatiṣṭhante jñānāni manasā saha (ka.u.6-10) ityādinā vakṣyamāṇaḥ | tena yo'yam adhigamaḥ jīvātmajñānam, tena hetunā devam - paramātmānaṃ, mattvā3 - dhyātvā ityarthaḥ | jīvātmajñānasya paramātmajñānahetutvāditi bhāvaḥ | harṣaśokau viṣayalābhālābhaprasakta4 harṣaśokau jahāti ityarthaḥ |

2.12.p3

ā.bhā. - evaṃ pūrvamantroktakrameṇa naciketasaḥ mokṣādhikāraṃ praśaṃsya, ye yaṃ prete (ka.u.1-21) iti mantreṇa pṛṣṭaṃ mokṣasvarūpaṃ prativaktumāha - tam iti | tam pūrvoktam, śravaṇāyāpi bahubhiryo na labhyaḥ - ityatra durlabhatayā pratipāditam ityarthaḥ| durdarśam - duḥkhena yogādirūpaduḥkhanāntarīyakena upāyena, draṣṭumarham, viralasādhakadarśanīyam ityetat | atra hetumāha - gūḍham - karmarūpayā vidyayā antarhitam | anupraviṣṭam - antaryāmirūpeṇa sarvabhūtāntargatam | guhāhitam - guhāyāṃ hṛdayākāśarūpāyām, āhitam - svarūpeṇāpi vartamānam | gahvareṣṭham - gahvare rāgadveṣādibhiratisaṃkaṭe antaḥkaraṇe, sthitam | yadvā - gahvare - duṣpraveśe aprākṛte sāketākhye pradeśe, sthitam | yadvā - gahvare - pariśuddhasvarūpe jīve, sthitam | purāṇam - purātanam anādim iti yāvat | devam - niratiśayaṃ dīpyamānaṃ paramātmānam ityarthaḥ | tasyaiva sarvātiśāyidīptimatvāvagamāt | śrutiśca bhavati yasya bhāsā sarvamidaṃ vibhāti iti | etāvatparyantam upeyasya svarūpamuktam | adhyātmayogādhigamena - ātmānamadhikṛtya pravartito yogaḥ adhyātmayogaḥ, paramātmaikacintanarūpaḥ | tasya adhigamaḥ - prāptiḥ, tena | anena upāyasvarūpamuktaṃ bhavati | kecana ātmani jīvasvarūpe iti,

2.12.p4

adhyātmam | tatra yogaḥ - bāhyaviṣayebhyaḥ pratyāhṛtasya manasaḥ samādhānam | tena yogādhigamaḥ jñānam | tacca jīvātmajñānam | tena - adhyātmayogādhigamena, anena pariśuddhajīvātmajñānasya paramātmajñāne kāraṇatvaṃ samarthitam | mattvā - jñāttvā, jñānaṃ ca idaṃ nididhyāsana vedanādiśabdavācyasākṣātkārarūpam bodhyam | etāvatā, viśuddhajīvātmajñānapūrvaka -

2.12.p5

paramātmasākṣātkārarūpaḥ mokṣasya upāyaḥ pratipāditaḥ iti varṇayati | dhīraḥ - vivecanakuśalamatiḥ, harṣaśokau viṣayalābhajanyasukhaviśeṣo - harṣaḥ | tadalābhajanye duḥkhaviśeṣaḥ- śokaḥ | jahāti- parityajati, viṣayalābhālābhaprayukta sukhaduḥkhabhāk na bhavati ātyantikaduḥkhanivṛttipūrvakaparamātmānubhavasahakṛtaparamātmānandāvāpti -

2.12.p6

rūpaṃ mokṣamāpadyate iti bhāvaḥ | anena phalaṃ pratipāditam |

2.12.p7

su. - evamavadhārya adhikāram abhinandya ca, tamarthaṃ prativadan pṛṣṭaṃ muktisvarūpam adhikṛtya āha - taṃ durdarśam iti | durdarśam - sukhena draṣṭum aśakyam, duḥkhamāptumayogataḥ (bha.gī.5-6) ityetat | śravaṇāyāpi bahubhiryo na labhyaḥ ityetat daurlabhyamuktaṃ bhavati | gūḍham - daivyāṃ guṇamayyāṃ māyāyavanikāyāṃ nigūḍham | durdarśatve nimittametat | māyāyavanikāpratiruddhadṛṣṭiprasarāṇām agocaramiti yāvat | anupraviṣṭam - sṛṣṭeṣu sṛṣṭimanupraviṣṭam | idam antaryāmitayā | guhāhitam - hṛdayaguhāsannihitam | idantu vigrahato'pi | yadvā guhāhitam anupraviṣṭam ityanvayaḥ | guhā - hṛdayam, yo'yam āhitaḥ tatra karmaṇā, taṃ jīvamanupraviṣṭaṃ svecchayā ityarthaḥ | āhitāt praviṣṭe viśeṣo

2.22

vacanavyaktyaiva vyaktaḥ| āhitaḥ1 iti karmaṇi ktaḥ | anyakartṛkādhānakarmatvātpāravaśyam | praviṣṭa iti kartari2 | kartṛtvācca svātantryam | svatantraḥ kartā 3 (pā.sū.1-4-54) | karmaṇā praveśyamānaṃ jīvamanupraviśati bhagavān tadrakṣaṇāya iti bhāvaḥ | gahvareṣṭham - duṣpraveśe deśe sthitam, aprākṛte deśaviśeṣe sthitamiti yāvat | akṣare parame vyoman (tai.nā.2) iti anyatra śrūyate | yadvā - ati saṃkaṭe deśe jīvarūpe sthitam; antaryāmitayā ityetat | purāṇam - kāraṇamiti yāvat | kāryaṃ hi arvācīnam | tam - trayīprasiddham, devam - niratiśayadīptiyuktam | yasya bhāsā sarvamidaṃ vibhāti taṃ purāṇaṃ devam iti vā anvayaḥ | yadyapi - vyapadiśyante devāḥ iti | nāmamātrametat | arvācīnāśca | nārāyaṇādbrahmā jāyate; nārāyaṇādindro jāyate (nārā.u.1), anarvācīno devaḥ ; sa eka eva nārāyaṇa ityarthaḥ | adhyātmayogādhigamena mattvā - bāhyebhyo'rthebhyaḥ pratisaṃhṛtya ātmasvarūpe pravartito manaso yogaḥ - adhyātmayogaḥ ; tena jātaḥ adhigamaḥ - prakṛtivilakṣaṇapariśuddhātmavijñānam, ātmāvalokanam ityetat; tena aṅgabhūtena | uktaṃ devaṃ matvā - ātmāvalokanapūrvakaparamātmopāsanaṃ prāpya iti yāvat| nijātmānaṃ brahmarūpaṃ dehatrayavilakṣaṇam |
vibhāvya, tena kartavyā bhaktiḥ kṛṣṇasya sarvadā ||
iti bhagavadvacanam iha upabṛṃhaṇaṃ bodhyam | adhyātmayogasya adhigamaḥ - prāptiḥ, yogasiddhiḥ, tayā devaṃ matvā yogadṛṣṭyā devamavalokya ityarthaḥ iti kecit | evaṃ sādhanasvarūpam uktvā phalamāha - harṣaśokau jahāti - vaiṣayikau | harṣaśokaśabdau puṇyapāpalakṣakau vā | ātyantikasaṃsāranivṛttiḥ bhavati ityetat ||

2.23

trayodaśamantraḥ
[ upāsakasya svasvarūpāvāptiphalam ]
etacchrutvā saṃparigṛhya martyaḥ pravṛhya dharmyamaṇumetamāpya |
sa modate modanīyaṃ hi labdhvā vivṛtam̐ sadma naciketasaṃ manye ||

2.23.p1

pra.dī. - etacchrutvā iti | martyaḥ etat - paramātmatattvam, śrutvā samparigṛhya - anantaraṃ mananaṃ kṛttvā, dharmyam - dharmasādhyam śarīram, pravṛhya - pṛthakkṛtya evaṃ pūrvoktam, aṇum - svasvarūpam aṇorapi aṇīyāṃsaṃ paramātmānaṃ vā, āpya - prāpya, saḥ modanīyam - prītiviṣayam apahatapāpmatvādi svasvarūpam, labdhvā modate - ānandī bhavati, naciketasam - etannāmakaśiṣyaṃ prati, sadma - paraṃbrahmadhāma, vivṛtam1- praveśārha dvāraṃ manye |

2.23.p2

pra. - etacchrutvā saṃparigṛhyeti | etat - ātmatattvam, śrutvā samparigṛhya - mananādikaṃ kṛtvā ityarthaḥ | dharmyam2 - karmasādhyaṃ śarīrādi, pravṛhya pṛthakkṛtya parityajya ityarthaḥ | etam - svātmabhūtam, aṇum - sūkṣmatayā cakṣurādyagocaram aṇīyān hyatarkyam (ka.u.2-8) iti nirdiṣṭaṃ paramātmānam, deśaviśeṣe prāpya, saḥ - vidvān, modanīyam - prītiviṣayam apahṛtapāpmatvādiguṇāṣṭakaviśiṣṭaṃ svasvarūpaṃ labdhvā, modate - ānandī bhavati ityarthaḥ | eṣa saṃprasādo'smāccharīrātsamutthāya parañjyotirūpasampadya svena rūpeṇābhiniṣpadyate, sa tatra paryeti jakṣat krīḍan ramamāṇaḥ (chā.u.8-12-3) iti śrutyartho'tra anusandheyaḥ | evaṃ praśno1ttaramuktvā, naciketasaṃ mokṣārhatvena stauti vivṛtaṃ sadmeti | naciketasaṃ prati brahmarūpaṃ dhāma - vivṛtadvāraṃ praveśārhaṃ manye ityarthaḥ| tasyaiṣa ātmā viśati brahmadhāma (muṃ.u.3-2-4) iti śruteḥ |

2.23.p3

nanu brahmajajñaṃ devamīḍyaṃ viditvā (ka.u.1-17) iti śrutyaikārthyāya, adhyātmayogādhigamena matvā (ka.u.2-12) ityatrāpi, paramātmātmakajīvaḥ2 pratipādyatām | tataśca, taṃ durdarśam (ka.u.2-12) iti pūrvakhaṇḍo'pi, jīvapara evāstu | tataśca śravaṇāyāpi bahurbhiryo na labhyaḥ (ka.u.2-7) iti pūrvasandarbho'pi, pariśuddhajīvasvarūpapara evāstu | tataśca -

2.23.p4

āścaryavatpaśyati kaścidenam āścaryavadvadati tathaiva cānyaḥ |

2.23.p5

āścaryavacca enamanyaḥ śṛṇoti śrutvā'pyenaṃ veda na caiva kaścit || (bha.gī.2-29) iti pariśuddhātmaviṣayagītāvacanaikārthyamapi upapadyata iti cet -

2.23.p6

na; brahmajajñam iti mantre brahmajñatvarūpaprakramaśrutajīvaliṅgabalena caramaśrutadevaśabdasya devātmakatvarūpārthāśrayaṇe'pi, taṃ durdarśam (ka.u.2-12) iti mantre tādṛśajīvaliṅgābhāvena devam ityasya devātmakam iti arthāśrayaṇāyogāt | etadevābhipretya bhagavatā bhāṣyakṛtā guhāṃ praviṣṭau (bra.sū.1-2-11) iti sūtre paramātmanastāvat taṃ durdarśaṃ gūḍhamanupraviṣṭam (ka.u.2-12) iti guhāpraveśo dṛśyate ityuktam | tathaiva ayaṃ mantraḥ paramātmaparatayā vyāsāryairapi vivṛtaḥ | gahvareṣṭham iti padena tu, paramātmanaḥ gahvaraśabdita durvijñeyapariśuddhātmasvarūpaśarīrakatvamapi uktam |

2.23.p7

iyāṃstu viśeṣaḥ - brahmajajñam iti mantre paramātmātmakapariśuddhajīvasvarūpaṃ pratipādyate; taṃ durdarśam iti mantre tu - jīvaśarīrakaparamātmasvarūpaṃ pratipādyate iti, na tayoḥ aikārthyahāniḥ |

2.23.p8

ā.bhā. - martyaḥ - upalakṣaṇametat adhikārimātrasya | tena, manuṣyadevādirūpodhikārītyarthaḥ | etat - pūrvoktaṃ paramātmasvarūpam, śrutvā - gurūpadeśato vedāntavākyadvārā niścitya, samparigṛhya - samyak saṃśayaviparyāsanirāsapūrvakam avadhārya, mananaṃ kṛtvā iti yāvat | upalakṣakamidaṃ nididhyāsanasyāpi; tena śravaṇa-manana-nididhyāsanapūrvakaṃ sākṣātkṛtvā ityarthaḥ | dharmyam - dharmaśabdaḥ puṇyapāparūpakarmamātraparaḥ; tena karmasādhyam śarīrendriyādikaṃ dharmyam ityucyate | pravṛhya - prārabdhāvasāne sati parityajya, aṇum - sarvataḥ sūkṣmam - pūrvatra nirdiṣṭam, etam paramātmānam, pratyakṣaviṣayatopalakṣite etacchabdapravṛtteḥ1 etacchabdena nirdeśaṃ mṛtyuḥ svapratyakṣaviṣayatvābhiprāyeṇa akarot | āpya - aprākṛte sāketākhye deśaviśeṣe prāpya, saḥ - uktopāsanāviśiṣṭaḥ upāsako'dhikārī, modanīyama - prītiviśeṣaviṣayīkṛtamāvirbhūta apahatapāpmatvādiguṇāṣṭakaṃ svakīyaṃ vāstavaṃ brāhmasvarūpam, labdhvā modate - paramātmānubhavarūpaparamānandabhāk bhavati | saḥ aśnute sarvān kāmān saha brahmaṇā vipaścitā (tai.u.2-12), paraṃjyotirūpasampadya svena rūpeṇa niṣpadyate (chāṃ.u.8-12-2) ityādi śrutibodhitasvarūpāvirbhāvapūrvaka paramātmānubhavamokṣaśālī bhavatītyarthaḥ | evaṃ naciketasaḥ praśnasya uttaramabhidhāya, tasya mokṣayogyatāmākhyāti naciketasaṃ tvāṃ prati, sadma - brahmasvarūpaṃ dhāma, vivṛtam - samuddhāṭitadvāram | ataeva praveśāya sugamaṃ manye - jānāmi, mṛtyuḥ ahamiti śeṣaḥ | śrutiśca asya arthasya upodbalikā bhavati tasyaiṣa ātmā viśate brahmadhāma (muṃ.u.3-2-4) ityādi|

2.23.p9

su. - martya iti upalakṣakam, yo'dhikārī saḥ | etat - antaryāmyātmatattvam, śrutvā - sadgurutaḥ, samparigṛhya manasā, muhurvibhāvyetyarthaḥ, mananaṃ kṛtveti yāvat | idam upāsanasya upalakṣakam | dharmyaṃ pravṛhya - dharmasādhanaṃ dharmasādhyaṃ vedaṃ śarīram pravṛhya - pṛthakkṛtya, prārabdhāvasānasamaye parityajya ityetat| etamaṇumāpya aṇīyān hyatarkyam aṇupramāṇāt (ka.u.2-8) iti pūrvaṃ nirdiṣṭaṃ sarvataḥ sūkṣmatamam, sarvataḥ sannidhānaśakteḥ, atigūḍhatvādvā sūkṣmam | āpya - deśaviśeṣe arcirādinā prāpya | saḥ - uktopāsakaḥ | modanīyam - apahatapāpmatvādi brāhmaṃ svarūpam, labdhvā, modate - paramānandam āpnoti | so'śnute sarvānkāmān saha brahmaṇā vipaścitā (tai.ā.1-2), eṣa samprasādo'smāccharīrātsamutthāya parañjyotirupasampadya svenarūpeṇā'bhiniṣpadyate (chāṃ.u.8-12-2) iti śrutyantaraikārthyaṃ bodhyam | evambhūtātmatattve śraddhātiśayayukto'yam; yannaciketāḥ asmattaḥ idameva adhigantum udyuṅktaḥ, tannaciketasaṃ prati sadma - parabrahmaṇo vivṛtam - udghāṭitadvāraṃ manye | paraṃ brahmā'yaṃ sukhena adhigamiṣyati iti bhāvaḥ | harṣaśokau jahāti (ka.u.2-12) sa modate ityābhyāṃ nātmocchittirmuktiḥ, kintu sata evāsyopāsakasya, ātyantikaduḥkhanivṛttipūrvakaḥ paramānandalābho muktiḥ ityuktaṃ bhavati | sa ca prakṛtiviyogānantarabhāvī ityuktaṃ bhavati | pravṛhya dharmyam ityataḥ | aṇumetamāpya modanīyaṃ labdhvā ityataḥ svarūpalābhaḥ parabrahmalābhaśca muktau; na kevalam ātmalābhaḥ ityuktaṃ

2.13

bhavati | anena na parabrahmāpattiḥ muktiḥ iti vyajyate | āpya, labdhvā iti nirdeśasvārasyācca | anyathā bhūtvā iti hi śrūyate svarasataḥ | devaṃ matvā harṣaśokau jahāti (ka.u.2-12) ityataḥ upāsyopāsakayoḥ vailakṣaṇyam vyañjitaṃ bhavati | adhyātmayogādhigamena devaṃ mattvā (ka.u.2-12) etacchrutvā samparigṛhya ityupāyaviśeṣapradarśanena na prātibhāsikabhedanivṛttiḥ1 nirviśeṣasanmātrāpattirvā mokṣaḥ iti vyajyate | tathā sati vākyārthajñānamātrasyaiva upāyatvena upāsanaviśeṣasya anapekṣaṇāt | itthañca ābhyāṃ mantrābhyāṃ yeyaṃ prete vicikitsā (ka.u.1-10) ityanena kṛtaḥ praśnaḥ, saṅkṣipyottaritaḥ ||

2.13.p1

caturdaśamantraḥ

2.13.p2

[ upāyopeyaparamātmaviṣayakaḥ praśnaḥ ]

2.14

anyatra dharmādanyatrādharmādanyatrāsmāt kṛtākṛtāt |
anyatra bhūtācca bhavyācca yattatpaśyasi tadvada ||

2.14.p1

pra.dī. - he mṛtyo ! yat imāṃ yogyaṃ manyase prāpyasvarūpam me vada iti naciketāstvāha - anyatra dharmāt iti | dharmādanyatra - prasiddhopāyabhūta- dharmādanyat vilakṣaṇaṃ yat, adharmādanyatra, adharmaḥ - pūrvokta dharmetaraḥ prasiddhopeyaḥ svargādiḥ, tasmādanyat vilakṣaṇaṃ yat, asmāt kṛtāt - etatkāryaprapañcāt, akṛtāt - kāraṇaprapañcāt, anyatra kāryakāraṇaprapañcavilakṣaṇaṃ yat, bhūtāt - bhūtakālikāt, bhavyāt - bhaviṣyatkālikāt, cakārāt vartamānakālikāt anyatra- anyat,

2.14.p2

kālatrayāparicchinnaṃ yat - paramātmatattvam, tvaṃ paśyasi - he mṛtyo! tvaṃ, tat - paramātmatattvam, vada - mahyaṃ brūhi ityarthaḥ |

2.14.p3

pra. - na hyadhruvaiḥ prāpyate hi dhruvaṃ tat (ka.u.2-10), etacchrutvā samparigṛhya martyaḥ pravṛhya dharmyamaṇumetamāpya | sa modate modanīyaṃ hi labdhvā, (ka.u.2-13), adhyātmayogādhigamena devaṃ matvā dhīro harṣaśokau jahāti (ka.u.2-12) iti pradeśeṣu dharmaphalavilakṣaṇatayā jñānasādhyatayā1 prāpyatayā nirdiṣṭasya prāpyasya svarūpaṃ ca, uktapradeśeṣveva dharmavilakṣaṇatayā matvā iti pratipannasyopāyasya svarūpañca, dhīro harṣaśokau jahāti ityatra dhīra iti pratipannasya prāpnuśca svarūpaṃ ca śodhayituṃ pṛcchati - anyatra dharmādanyatrādharmāt - ityādinā |

2.14.p4

nanu bhāṣye - devaṃ mattvā (ka.u.2-12) ityupāsyatayā nirdiṣṭasya prāpyabhūtasya devasya, adhyātmayogādhigamena iti veditavyatayā nirdiṣṭasya prāptuḥ pratyagātmanaśca, matvā dhīro harṣaśokau jahāti (ka.u.2-12) iti nirdiṣṭasya prāptuḥ ityucyate ? iti cet maivaṃ vocaḥ - adhyātmayogādhigamena iti veditavyatayā nirdiṣṭasya brahmopāsanasya ca svarūpaśodhanāya, punaḥ papraccha. anyatra dharmāt iti ityukteḥ, kathaṃ tadviruddhatayā dhīra iti nirdiṣṭam ātmaśabdavācyaṃ prajāpatividyāpratipannam upāsyaṃ prāpyabhūtaṃ pariśuddhasvasvarūpameva | ataḥ tasyāpi prāpyanirdeśakatvameva | vastugatyā tasya prāpturabhinnatvāt, prāptuḥ pratyagātmanaśca iti bhāṣyam, na virotsyate|

2.14.p5

ataḥ2 prathamaṃ tāvat prāptuḥ pratyagātmanaḥ svarūpamāha - na jāyate mriyate vā vipaścit (ka.u.2-18) iti ityuttarabhāṣyamapi na virotsyate | na hi na jāyate mriyate vā vipaścit iti mantrapratipādyasya vipaścicchabditapariśuddhasvarūpasya, prāptṛrūpatopapattiḥ| ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ bhoktetyāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ (ka.u.3-4), vijñānasārathiryastu manaḥ pragrahavānnaraḥ | so'dhvanaḥ pāramāpnoti tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam| (ka.u.3-9) iti mantrapratipādyasyaiva prāptṛrūpatvāt | tathaiva viśeṣaṇācca (bra.sū.1-2-12) iti sūtrabhāṣye pratipāditatvāt | ataeva prāpyaprāptaikādhikaraṇyanirdeśapare guhāmantre,1 chāyātapau ityatra ajñatvavācinā chāyāśabdena nirdeśo dṛṣṭaḥ; na tu vipaścicchabdena | ataḥ yathokta evārthaḥ |

2.14.p6

ayaṃ mantraḥ vyāsāryaiḥ trayāṇām (bra.sū.1-4-6) iti sūtre vivṛtaḥ - dharmaḥ upāyaḥ | dharmādanyatra -

2.14.p7

prasiddhopāyavilakṣaṇa upāyaḥ ityarthaḥ | adharmaḥ - dharmetara upeyaḥ | adharmādanyatra - prasiddhasādhyavilakṣaṇaṃ phalamityarthaḥ | asmāt iti buddhisthaḥ tatsādhako vivakṣitaḥ | sa evopetā | sa hi prasiddhopetṛsādhakavilakṣaṇaḥ, sādhakāvasthāyām itaraphalaviraktatvāt, phaladaśāyām āvirbhūtaguṇāṣṭakavi- śiṣṭasvarūpatvācca | kṛtākṛtāditi - dharmādīnāṃ viśeṣaṇam | kṛtākṛtāt dharmādervilakṣaṇaṃ bhūtācca bhavyācca dharmādervilakṣaṇam yadityarthaḥ ityekāṃ vyākhyāṃ kṛtvā, tasmin pakṣe tu kṛtākṛtāt bhūtādbhavyācca dharmādanyatra, tādṛśādadharmādanyatra, tādṛśādasmāccānyatra iti anyatraśabdatrayeṇaiva upapattau, anyatra bhūtādbhavyācca ityanyatraśabdavaiyarthyam, upāyasya kālatrayaparicchinnatayā tatra kālatrayaparicchinna- vailakṣaṇyānanvayaṃ ca paryālocya, yadvā ityādinā aparā vyākhyā kṛtā | taducyate - yadvā dharmādadharmācca anyatra iti upāsanapraśnaḥ; puṇyapāparūpasādhanavilakṣaṇatvāt upāsanasya, kṛtā kṛtāt bhūtāt bhavyāccānyatra yat iti kālāparicchinnamupeyaṃ pṛṣṭam | upeturapi cetanasya nityatvāt, prāpyāntarbhāvācca, tata eva tasyāpi tantreṇa praśnaḥ | tadantargataṃ ca prāptuḥ svarūpam iti hi vakṣyate | tatra (traya iti?) yattacchabdau tritayaparāviti bhāvaḥ iti |

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Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit

Kaṭha Upaniṣad 2: Second Valli

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Second Valli

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